US20190293280A1 - Plasma fired steam generator system - Google Patents
Plasma fired steam generator system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20190293280A1 US20190293280A1 US16/259,508 US201916259508A US2019293280A1 US 20190293280 A1 US20190293280 A1 US 20190293280A1 US 201916259508 A US201916259508 A US 201916259508A US 2019293280 A1 US2019293280 A1 US 2019293280A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- electrodes
- plasma
- high pressure
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
- F22B1/30—Electrode boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/54—De-sludging or blow-down devices
Definitions
- the subject matter of the present disclosure relates to steam generation.
- Bitumen contained in ore bodies is recovered using either surface mining with subsequent physical/mechanical recovery unit operations or with an in situ recovery process referred to as Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD).
- SAGD Steam assisted gravity drainage
- steam generated at a centralized boiler house using once through steam generators (OTSG) is transported to oil wells located at distances anywhere between 2 and 10 km.
- the steam pressure at the OTSG is 10 MPa, while at the inlet of the well it is 4 MPa and inside the well it is 2.5 MPa.
- the water-oil emulsion recovered from the oil well is then pumped to the central processing facility. Oil and water are separated from this emulsion using knock-out drums. Since environmental regulations require a high recycle ratio of water, the dirty water is re-used using a series of water cleaning unit operations before it can be used as boiler feed water for the OTSGs.
- the existing water recovery/steam generation process has drawbacks and limitations that include, but are not limited to, high capital costs, long installation and commissioning times, long start-up and shutdown times and low process availability.
- the current process is also not economically viable for smaller or isolated well pads.
- the embodiments described herein provide in one aspect a steam generating system, which uses a combination of submerged plasma arcs and resistive heating, to generate high pressure steam from dirty feed water.
- the embodiments described herein provide in another aspect a plasma fired steam generator, which uses either a single set of electrodes or multiple sets of electrodes to generate high pressure steam from the feed water.
- inventions described herein provide in another aspect an electrode seal system which can provide the seal between the electrically conducting electrodes and the body of the plasma fired steam generator.
- the embodiments described herein provide in another aspect an endless screw mechanism, which can provide great precision, used to control the relative position of the electrically conducting electrodes and thus independently control the current for each AC phase and the power input to a plasma fired steam generator (PFSG).
- PFSG plasma fired steam generator
- a plasma fired steam generator comprising either a single set of electrodes or multiple sets of electrodes to generate high pressure steam from feed water.
- inventions described herein provide in another aspect an electrode seal system for use between electrically conducting electrodes and a body of a plasma fired steam generator.
- the embodiments described herein provide in another aspect an endless screw mechanism for use in controlling a relative position of electrically conducting electrodes and thus independently controlling a current for each AC phase and a power input to a plasma fired steam generator.
- a steam generating system comprising a combination of at least one submerged plasma arc and resistive heating, adapted to generate high pressure steam from dirty feed water.
- the embodiments described herein provide in another aspect a method for generating steam, comprising: providing a steam generator; feeding dirty water to the steam generator; and submitting the dirty water to at least one submerged plasma arc and to resistive heating, such as to generate high pressure steam.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a plasma fired steam generator (PFSG) system according to one of various exemplary embodiments
- FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show schematic representations of the PFSG with a single set of electrodes and with multiple sets of electrodes, respectively;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of electrode seals, which are used to seal a gap between a current carrying electrode and a body of the PFSG;
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an electrode motion system.
- the present system uses a combination of plasma arcs and resistive heating, generated either using alternating current or direct current and submerged under water, to produce steam from untreated (dirty) water.
- the energy needed to produce steam is provided by the plasma arcs struck between electrically conducting electrodes, as well as the water's electrical resistivity.
- a high current, low voltage power source either AC or DC, is used to generate and power the plasma arcs.
- the dirty water coming, for example, from the free water knock outs (FWKO) is directly injected into a plasma fired steam generator.
- the plasma arcs submerged in the water, along with resistive heating, deliver the necessary energy to evaporate water and produce high pressure steam in a continuous manner.
- the PFSG functions in a similar way to an electric arc furnace processing scrap steel, but using steel electrodes instead of graphite electrodes, and immersed in water, instead of in a mass of steel scrap.
- the intense heat of the plasma will vaporize water at a high rate.
- the main advantage of using plasma over gas or electric heating elements is that the intense heat of the plasma allows the electrodes tips to remain clean, despite the precipitation of solids caused by the evaporation of dirty water. This allows for a high throughput of steam production with a small installation footprint.
- the Plasma Fired Steam Generator can be used to produce high pressure (4 MPa) steam from “dirty” water directly at the well pad. This eliminates the costly and sometimes dangerous transportation of high pressure steam over long distances, allows for quick expansion and allows for the use of brackish water as a make-up water source when required.
- the PFSG can be built in modular sections, allowing for installation at a single well, or for an entire well pad, as required.
- the dirty water used to produce steam is fed, via a feed inlet 8 , to a plasma fired steam generator (PFSG) 1 , powered by submerged electrodes 2 .
- the water portion of the feed is evaporated to form steam, whereas the solid portion settles at the bottom of the steam generator 1 .
- the steam generated is removed via a steam outlet 10 from the steam space, and the residual sludge is removed as a blowdown stream via a residue outlet 12 .
- the plasma arcs are used to intermittently remove any scaling or solid deposits that can accumulate on the electrodes.
- a vessel of the PFSG 1 is generally denoted by reference 14 .
- FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show the electrode arrangement for the PFSG 1 with a single set of electrodes and multiple sets of electrodes, respectively.
- PFSGs 1 equipped with multiple sets of electrodes are used, whereas smaller throughput steam generators 1 use only a single set of electrodes.
- the PFSG includes a vertical steel cylindrical vessel 14 a with spherical ends designed to meet the appropriate requirements for steam pressure vessels.
- the three alternating current (AC) electrodes are located, for instance, midway up the reactor's sidewall and are positioned at 120 degrees from each other.
- a steam outlet 10 a is located, for instance, at the top of the reactor.
- the reactor includes a horizontal steel cylinder 14 b with spherical ends, which meets the appropriate requirements for steam pressure vessels.
- the AC electrodes are Installed, for example, as 6 trios (the electrodes of each trio being positioned at 120 degrees from one another about the reactor's circumference), for a total of 18 electrodes.
- a steam outlet 10 b is located, for instance, in the middle of the reactor, with three sets of electrodes on each side. For larger capacity PFSGs 1 , additional sets of electrodes would be provided. For smaller capacity PFSGs 1 , between 2 and 6 sets of electrodes would be used.
- An electrically insulating, high pressure seal mechanism is used to seal a gap between the current carrying electrodes 2 and a body of the PFSG 1 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
- electrically insulating plates 3 and sleeves 4 are used.
- the power input to the PFSG 1 is controlled by varying the power supply voltage set-point and also by varying the relative position of the electrodes with each other. Varying the position of the electrodes relative to each other allows for controlling the current, and consequently the total power input.
- the power input to the PFSG 1 is controlled by varying the power supply current set-point and also by varying the relative position of the electrodes with each other. Varying the position of the electrodes relative to each other allows for controlling the voltage, and consequently the total power input.
- Electrode damps 6 are fabricated from electrically conductive materials and, as they clamp onto the electrodes, they provide the necessary contact for the flow of electric current.
- PFSG Plasma Fired Steam Generator
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Discharge Heating (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This Application claims priority on U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/877,150, now pending, filed on Sep. 12, 2013, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- The subject matter of the present disclosure relates to steam generation.
- Bitumen contained in ore bodies (oil sands) is recovered using either surface mining with subsequent physical/mechanical recovery unit operations or with an in situ recovery process referred to as Steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). About 80-85% of the total oil sands reserves employ the SAGD process. In the SAGD process, steam generated at a centralized boiler house using once through steam generators (OTSG) is transported to oil wells located at distances anywhere between 2 and 10 km. The steam pressure at the OTSG is 10 MPa, while at the inlet of the well it is 4 MPa and inside the well it is 2.5 MPa. The water-oil emulsion recovered from the oil well is then pumped to the central processing facility. Oil and water are separated from this emulsion using knock-out drums. Since environmental regulations require a high recycle ratio of water, the dirty water is re-used using a series of water cleaning unit operations before it can be used as boiler feed water for the OTSGs.
- The existing water recovery/steam generation process has drawbacks and limitations that include, but are not limited to, high capital costs, long installation and commissioning times, long start-up and shutdown times and low process availability. The current process is also not economically viable for smaller or isolated well pads.
- It would thus be highly desirable to be provided with a system or method that would at least partially address the disadvantages of the existing technologies.
- The embodiments described herein provide in one aspect a steam generating system, which uses a combination of submerged plasma arcs and resistive heating, to generate high pressure steam from dirty feed water.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect a plasma fired steam generator, which uses either a single set of electrodes or multiple sets of electrodes to generate high pressure steam from the feed water.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect an electrode seal system which can provide the seal between the electrically conducting electrodes and the body of the plasma fired steam generator.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect an endless screw mechanism, which can provide great precision, used to control the relative position of the electrically conducting electrodes and thus independently control the current for each AC phase and the power input to a plasma fired steam generator (PFSG).
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect a plasma fired steam generator, comprising either a single set of electrodes or multiple sets of electrodes to generate high pressure steam from feed water.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect an electrode seal system for use between electrically conducting electrodes and a body of a plasma fired steam generator.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect an endless screw mechanism for use in controlling a relative position of electrically conducting electrodes and thus independently controlling a current for each AC phase and a power input to a plasma fired steam generator.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect a steam generating system, comprising a combination of at least one submerged plasma arc and resistive heating, adapted to generate high pressure steam from dirty feed water.
- The embodiments described herein provide in another aspect a method for generating steam, comprising: providing a steam generator; feeding dirty water to the steam generator; and submitting the dirty water to at least one submerged plasma arc and to resistive heating, such as to generate high pressure steam.
- For a better understanding of the embodiments described herein and to show more clearly how they may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings which show at least one exemplary embodiment, and in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a plasma fired steam generator (PFSG) system according to one of various exemplary embodiments; -
FIGS. 2a and 2b show schematic representations of the PFSG with a single set of electrodes and with multiple sets of electrodes, respectively; -
FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of electrode seals, which are used to seal a gap between a current carrying electrode and a body of the PFSG; and -
FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an electrode motion system. - The present system uses a combination of plasma arcs and resistive heating, generated either using alternating current or direct current and submerged under water, to produce steam from untreated (dirty) water. The energy needed to produce steam is provided by the plasma arcs struck between electrically conducting electrodes, as well as the water's electrical resistivity. A high current, low voltage power source, either AC or DC, is used to generate and power the plasma arcs.
- In the present system, called the plasma fired steam generator (PFSG) process, the dirty water coming, for example, from the free water knock outs (FWKO) is directly injected into a plasma fired steam generator. The plasma arcs submerged in the water, along with resistive heating, deliver the necessary energy to evaporate water and produce high pressure steam in a continuous manner.
- The PFSG functions in a similar way to an electric arc furnace processing scrap steel, but using steel electrodes instead of graphite electrodes, and immersed in water, instead of in a mass of steel scrap. The intense heat of the plasma will vaporize water at a high rate. The main advantage of using plasma over gas or electric heating elements is that the intense heat of the plasma allows the electrodes tips to remain clean, despite the precipitation of solids caused by the evaporation of dirty water. This allows for a high throughput of steam production with a small installation footprint.
- For the SAGD applications, the Plasma Fired Steam Generator (PFSG) can be used to produce high pressure (4 MPa) steam from “dirty” water directly at the well pad. This eliminates the costly and sometimes dangerous transportation of high pressure steam over long distances, allows for quick expansion and allows for the use of brackish water as a make-up water source when required.
- Furthermore, the PFSG can be built in modular sections, allowing for installation at a single well, or for an entire well pad, as required.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , the dirty water used to produce steam is fed, via a feed inlet 8, to a plasma fired steam generator (PFSG) 1, powered by submergedelectrodes 2. The water portion of the feed is evaporated to form steam, whereas the solid portion settles at the bottom of thesteam generator 1. The steam generated is removed via asteam outlet 10 from the steam space, and the residual sludge is removed as a blowdown stream via aresidue outlet 12. The plasma arcs are used to intermittently remove any scaling or solid deposits that can accumulate on the electrodes. A vessel of thePFSG 1 is generally denoted byreference 14. - Therefore, dirty water from the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), or other dirty water producing process, which needs to be converted into high pressure steam, is fed typically directly without any pretreatment into the plasma fired steam generator (PFSG) 1. A combination of electric arc plasma and resistive heating is created between the submerged
electrodes 2. The heat so generated will boil the water to generate steam which is collected in the steam space. The solids and other residues present in the feed water settle down at the bottom of the (PFSG) 1, and are removed via a blowdown stream. -
FIGS. 2a and 2b show the electrode arrangement for thePFSG 1 with a single set of electrodes and multiple sets of electrodes, respectively. To achieve higher steam throughput, PFSGs 1 equipped with multiple sets of electrodes are used, whereas smallerthroughput steam generators 1 use only a single set of electrodes. - In the 3 phase AC arrangement with a single set of electrodes illustrated in
FIG. 2a , the PFSG includes a vertical steelcylindrical vessel 14 a with spherical ends designed to meet the appropriate requirements for steam pressure vessels. The three alternating current (AC) electrodes are located, for instance, midway up the reactor's sidewall and are positioned at 120 degrees from each other. Asteam outlet 10 a is located, for instance, at the top of the reactor. - In the multiple set of electrodes 3 phase AC arrangement of
FIG. 2b , the reactor includes ahorizontal steel cylinder 14 b with spherical ends, which meets the appropriate requirements for steam pressure vessels. The AC electrodes are Installed, for example, as 6 trios (the electrodes of each trio being positioned at 120 degrees from one another about the reactor's circumference), for a total of 18 electrodes. Asteam outlet 10 b is located, for instance, in the middle of the reactor, with three sets of electrodes on each side. Forlarger capacity PFSGs 1, additional sets of electrodes would be provided. Forsmaller capacity PFSGs 1, between 2 and 6 sets of electrodes would be used. - An electrically insulating, high pressure seal mechanism is used to seal a gap between the
current carrying electrodes 2 and a body of thePFSG 1, as shown inFIG. 3 . To maintain electrical insulation and thus avoid a flow of electric current through the body of thePFSG 1, electrically insulating plates 3 and sleeves 4 are used. - In the AC mode of operation, the power input to the
PFSG 1 is controlled by varying the power supply voltage set-point and also by varying the relative position of the electrodes with each other. Varying the position of the electrodes relative to each other allows for controlling the current, and consequently the total power input. - In the DC mode of operation, the power input to the
PFSG 1 is controlled by varying the power supply current set-point and also by varying the relative position of the electrodes with each other. Varying the position of the electrodes relative to each other allows for controlling the voltage, and consequently the total power input. - The electrodes of the
PFSG 1 are moved using an electrode motion system, for example an endless screw mechanism 5, as shown inFIG. 4 , which can be controlled with great precision and can maintain the electrode positions against the force of the high pressure steam. Electrode damps 6 are fabricated from electrically conductive materials and, as they clamp onto the electrodes, they provide the necessary contact for the flow of electric current. - Although the application mentioned hereinabove of the present Plasma Fired Steam Generator (PFSG) 1 is for the extraction of bitumen from the oil sands, it is however noted that the PFSG can be used in any Industrial processes where a source of dirty water must be purified before conversion to steam at low or high pressure.
- Finally, while the above description provides examples of the embodiments, it will be appreciated that some features and/or functions of the described embodiments are susceptible to modification without departing from the spirit and principles of operation of the described embodiments. Accordingly, what has been described above has been Intended to be illustrative of the embodiments and non-limiting, and it will be understood by persons skilled in the art that other variants and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (22)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US16/259,508 US20190293280A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2019-01-28 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
US17/942,772 US20230250952A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201361877150P | 2013-09-12 | 2013-09-12 | |
PCT/CA2014/000679 WO2015035502A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
US201615021899A | 2016-03-14 | 2016-03-14 | |
US16/259,508 US20190293280A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2019-01-28 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US15/021,899 Continuation US10253971B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
PCT/CA2014/000679 Continuation WO2015035502A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
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US17/942,772 Continuation US20230250952A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
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US20190293280A1 true US20190293280A1 (en) | 2019-09-26 |
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ID=52664872
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US15/021,899 Active 2035-01-17 US10253971B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
US16/259,508 Abandoned US20190293280A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2019-01-28 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
US17/942,772 Abandoned US20230250952A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
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US15/021,899 Active 2035-01-17 US10253971B2 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
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US17/942,772 Abandoned US20230250952A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Plasma fired steam generator system |
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US (3) | US10253971B2 (en) |
CA (2) | CA2924135C (en) |
EA (1) | EA201690589A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015035502A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT202100001781A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Nigris Ferdinando De | PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC REACTOR SATURATED STEAM GENERATOR FED WITH SALT WATER AND 230VDC VOLTAGE |
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US3144546A (en) * | 1964-08-11 | Immersed electrode heater for liquids | ||
US2572337A (en) * | 1946-09-13 | 1951-10-23 | William B Harris | Electric water heater |
US2599806A (en) * | 1949-09-29 | 1952-06-10 | Norbert R Benchemoul | Variable liquid resistance apparatus |
US2757272A (en) * | 1955-01-14 | 1956-07-31 | Santoni Mariano | Apparatus for the heating of liquids |
US2847550A (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1958-08-12 | Vilbiss Co | Electric steam vaporizer |
NL238400A (en) * | 1958-04-21 | |||
US3081393A (en) * | 1958-07-15 | 1963-03-12 | Robert J Wohl | Electric vaporizers |
US3104308A (en) * | 1960-02-15 | 1963-09-17 | Ernest E Wilson | Electrically operated continuous steam generator |
US3389535A (en) * | 1964-06-03 | 1968-06-25 | Armetti Massimo | Protective packaging of plastic material for vials and the like, as well as process and equipment for obtaining it |
US3385950A (en) * | 1965-10-04 | 1968-05-28 | Edward R. Lipor | Electrode type bottle warmer having time-controlled operation |
US4772775A (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1988-09-20 | Leach Sam L | Electric arc plasma steam generation |
FR2669679B1 (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1994-04-29 | Sud Ouest Conception Aeronauti | GAS EJECTION NOZZLE FOR A REACTION ENGINE AND A REACTION ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A NOZZLE, PARTICULARLY A SEPARATE FLOW TYPE ENGINE. |
US6536523B1 (en) * | 1997-01-14 | 2003-03-25 | Aqua Pure Ventures Inc. | Water treatment process for thermal heavy oil recovery |
US20060042251A1 (en) | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Villalobos Victor M | Arc-electrolysis steam generator with energy recovery, and method therefor |
US7327951B2 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2008-02-05 | Ivanhoe Chaput | Instant water heater with PTC plastic conductive electrodes |
RU2350836C2 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2009-03-27 | Сергей Владимирович Гаврилов | Method and device for obtaining water vapour from water |
FR2918583B1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2011-06-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | PORTABLE GAS GENERATING DEVICE AND FUEL CELL POWER SUPPLY PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE |
US8776522B2 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2014-07-15 | Morningside Venture Investments Limited | Water reclamation system and method |
CA2715619A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-12 | Maoz Betzer-Zilevitch | Steam drive direct contact steam generation |
US9114406B2 (en) * | 2009-12-10 | 2015-08-25 | Ex-Tar Technologies | Steam driven direct contact steam generation |
WO2011082301A2 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-07 | Vitag Holdings, Llc | Bioorganically-augmented high value fertilizer |
KR101310340B1 (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2013-09-23 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | A steam generator reducing sludge and the method for manufacturing the tube sheet of a steam generator reducing sludge |
US20140008208A1 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-01-09 | Garry Pichach | Thermal system and process for producing steam from oilfield produced water |
-
2014
- 2014-09-12 WO PCT/CA2014/000679 patent/WO2015035502A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-12 CA CA2924135A patent/CA2924135C/en active Active
- 2014-09-12 CA CA3203760A patent/CA3203760A1/en active Pending
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2019
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2022
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT202100001781A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-09-29 | Nigris Ferdinando De | PLASMA-ELECTROLYTIC REACTOR SATURATED STEAM GENERATOR FED WITH SALT WATER AND 230VDC VOLTAGE |
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US20160223188A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
WO2015035502A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
CA2924135A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
US10253971B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 |
CA3203760A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
CA2924135C (en) | 2023-08-22 |
EA201690589A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 |
US20230250952A1 (en) | 2023-08-10 |
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