US20190196150A1 - Lens and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Lens and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- US20190196150A1 US20190196150A1 US15/854,810 US201715854810A US2019196150A1 US 20190196150 A1 US20190196150 A1 US 20190196150A1 US 201715854810 A US201715854810 A US 201715854810A US 2019196150 A1 US2019196150 A1 US 2019196150A1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013041 optical simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
- G02B9/62—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having six components only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/0045—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/04—Reversed telephoto objectives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
- G02B13/146—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation with corrections for use in multiple wavelength bands, such as infrared and visible light, e.g. FLIR systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
- G02B9/60—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having five components only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19617—Surveillance camera constructional details
- G08B13/19626—Surveillance camera constructional details optical details, e.g. lenses, mirrors or multiple lenses
- G08B13/19628—Surveillance camera constructional details optical details, e.g. lenses, mirrors or multiple lenses of wide angled cameras and camera groups, e.g. omni-directional cameras, fish eye, single units having multiple cameras achieving a wide angle view
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical component and a manufacturing method of the optical component, and particularly relates to a lens and a manufacturing method of the lens.
- a lens is configured to clearly form an image on a display or a charge coupled device (CCD).
- CCD charge coupled device
- One or some exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a lens capable of being co-focal in day and night and having a desirable thermal drift performance and a manufacturing method of the lens.
- An aspect of the invention provides a lens including a first lens group and a second lens group.
- the first lens group is disposed between a magnified side and a minified side.
- the second lens group is disposed between the first lens group and the minified side.
- the lens includes six or less lens elements, and at least four of the six or less lens elements are aspheric lenses.
- a field of view of the lens is in a range between 100 degrees and 165 degrees, and the second lens group has at least one spherical lens.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a lens including a first lens group and a second lens group.
- the first lens group is disposed between a magnified side and a minified side.
- the second lens group is disposed between the first lens group and the minified side.
- the lens includes six or less lens elements, and at least four of the six or less lens elements are aspheric lenses.
- a field of view of the lens is in a range between 100 degrees and 165 degrees, and the second lens group has a lens element whose Abbe number is greater than 70.
- the design of the lens meets predetermined conditions and standards. Therefore, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention has a wide field of view, a miniaturized size, and a low thermal drift, and is able to be co-focal in day and night. Moreover, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention provides a desirable optical imaging quality.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 2 to 6 are diagrams illustrating imaging optical simulation data of the lens of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a lens according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a lens 100 of the embodiment includes a first lens group 110 and a second lens group 120 .
- the first lens group 110 is located between a magnified side OS and a minified side IS.
- the second lens group 120 is disposed between the first lens group 110 and the minified side IS.
- the first lens group 110 and the second lens group 120 are arranged along an optical axis A of the lens 100 .
- the lens 100 includes six or less lens elements. At least four of the six or less lens elements are aspheric lenses. In the embodiment, the lens 100 includes six lens elements, and five of the lens elements are aspheric lenses. Accordingly, phenomena such as spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, curvature of field, and distortion are suppressed, and a high resolution is achieved.
- the first lens group 110 has a negative refractive power
- the second lens group 110 has a positive refractive power.
- the lens 100 includes at least four plastic lens elements, but does not include a cemented lens, and the second lens group 120 has at least one spherical lens.
- the first lens group 110 includes a first lens element 112 , a second lens element 114 , and a third lens 116 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS
- the second lens group 120 includes a fourth lens element 122 , a fifth lens element 124 , and a sixth lens element 126 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS.
- the first lens element 112 , the second lens element 114 , the third lens element 116 , the fourth lens element 122 , and the fifth lens element 124 are aspheric lenses.
- refractive powers of the first lens element 112 to the sixth lens element 126 are sequentially and respectively negative, negative positive, positive, negative, and positive.
- the first lens element 112 is a biconcave lens
- the second lens element 114 is a negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing toward the magnified side OS
- the third lens element 116 is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface toward the magnified side OS
- the fourth lens element 122 is a biconvex lens
- the fifth lens element 124 is a biconcave lens
- the sixth lens element is a biconvex lens.
- the lens 100 further includes an aperture stop S, a filter device 130 , and a glass cover 140 .
- the aperture stop S is disposed between the third lens element 116 of the first lens group 110 and the fourth lens element 122 of the second lens group 120 .
- the filter device 130 is disposed between the sixth lens element 126 of the second lens group 120 and the minified side IS.
- the glass cover 140 is disposed between the filter device 130 and an imaging surface 150 of the minified side IS.
- the lens 100 meets a condition of 100° ⁇ FOV ⁇ 165°, wherein FOV represents a field of view of the lens 100 , such as a field of view in a diagonal direction of the imaging surface 150 . Accordingly, an optical imaging quality of the lens 100 meeting the aforementioned conditions is ensured, and the lens 100 exhibits desirable optical properties.
- Table 1 below lists data in connection with the respective lens elements in the lens 100 shown in FIG. 1 .
- an interval is defined as a linear distance between two adjacent surfaces along the optical axis A of the lens 100 .
- an interval of the surface S1 is a linear distance between the surface S1 and the surface S2 along the optical axis A. Thicknesses, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers corresponding to the respective lens elements in the “Label” column may be referred to corresponding intervals, refractive indices and Abbe numbers in the same row.
- the surface S1 and the surface S2 are two surfaces of the first lens element 112 .
- the surface S3 and the surface S4 are two surfaces of the second lens element 114 . Relations among other surfaces and lens elements may be inferred based on the same principle.
- the surface S7 is the aperture stop S.
- the surface S14 and the surface S15 are two surfaces of the filter device 130 .
- the surface S16 and the surface S17 are two surfaces of the glass cover 140 .
- the surface S18 is the imaging surface 150 .
- the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, and S11 of the lens 100 are aspheric surfaces, and can be represented through Formula (1) in the following:
- Z represents a sag in the direction of the optical axis A
- c represents a reciprocal of a radius of an osculating sphere, which is a reciprocal of a radius of curvature near the optical axis A (e.g., radii of curvature of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, and S11 in Table 1.).
- K represents a conic coefficient
- r represents an aspheric height
- a 2 to A 16 are aspheric coefficients.
- the coefficients K and A 2 are both 0. Table 2 in the following lists aspheric parameter values of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, and S11.
- the total track length (TTL, i.e. a distance from S1 to S18 on the optical axis) is 15.9 millimeters
- the effective focal length (EFL) is 2.00 millimeters
- the F-number is 2.0
- the field of view (FOV) is 140 degrees.
- FIGS. 2 to 6 are diagrams illustrating imaging optical simulation data of the lens of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2 is graph illustrating a modulation transfer function (MTF) of the lens 100 during daytime, the horizontal axis represents a spatial frequency in cycles per millimeter, and the vertical axis represents a modulus of the optical transfer function.
- a curve of the modulation transfer function of the lens 100 during daytime is within a standard range, as shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an MTF of the lens 100 within an image height of 3.088 millimeters during nighttime, the horizontal axis represents a spatial frequency, and the vertical axis represents a modulus of the optical transfer function.
- a curve of the modulation transfer function of the lens 100 during nighttime is within a standard range, as shown in FIG. 3 . It is thus shown that, in the embodiment, the lens 100 uses fewer lens elements and does not require an additional action of switching an infrared filter or require a glass cemented optical device, and is still able to be co-focal in day and night and achieves a desirable optical imaging quality during daytime and nighttime.
- FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are graphs illustrating MTFs of the lens 100 with respect to different image heights when the temperatures are 20° C., ⁇ 20° C., and 80° C., respectively.
- the horizontal axis represents a spatial frequency
- the vertical axis represents a modulus of the optical transfer function
- T represents a curve in the tangential direction
- S represents a curve in the sagittal direction
- values following “TS” represent image heights.
- the curve in the tangential direction and the curve in the sagittal direction coincide when the image height is 0.0000 mm.
- the modulus of the optical transfer function of the lens 100 is greater than 60% when the temperature is 20° C., the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm, and the image height is within 3.088 mm, the modulus of the optical transfer function of the lens 100 is greater than 60% when the temperature is ⁇ 20° C., the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm, and the image height is within 3.088 mm, and the modulus of the optical transfer function of the lens 100 is greater than 60% when the temperature is 80° C., the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm, and the image height is within 3.088 mm, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 .
- the optical performance is desirable when the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm and the temperature ranges from ⁇ 20° C. to 80° C.
- the lens 100 of the embodiment exhibits a low thermal drift and a desirable optical imaging quality within the temperature range from ⁇ 20° C. to 80° C.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention.
- a lens 200 of the embodiment is similar to the lens 100 of FIG. 1 , but the two lenses differ in that a second lens group 220 of the lens 200 of the embodiment includes a lens element whose Abbe number is greater than 70.
- the lens element i.e., the fourth lens element 122
- the lens element of the second lens group 220 closest to a first lens group 210 has an Abbe number greater than 70. Accordingly, the chromatic aberration between light at the wavelength of visible light and light at the infrared light is reduced and the lens 200 may exhibit a desirable optical property.
- the lens 200 has simultaneously and substantially the same focal position for the visible light and the infrared light.
- a first lens element 212 is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing toward the magnified side OS
- a second lens element 214 is a biconcave lens
- a third lens element 216 is a biconvex lens.
- the first lens element 212 , the second lens element 214 , the third lens element 216 , the fifth lens element 124 , and the sixth lens element 126 are aspheric lenses.
- Table 3 lists data in connection with the respective lens elements in the lens 200 shown in FIG. 7 .
- the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S10, S11, S12, and S13 of the lens 200 are aspheric surfaces, and can be represented through Formula (1) above.
- the coefficients A 2 and A 12 are 0. Table 4 in the following lists aspheric parameter values of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S10, S11, S12, and S13.
- the total track length TTL is 16.1 millimeters
- the effective focal length (EFL) is 1.85 millimeters
- the F-number is 2.0
- the FOV is 140 degrees.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention.
- a lens 300 of the embodiment is similar to the lens 200 of FIG. 7 , but the two lenses differ in that the number of lens elements in a first lens group 310 of the lens 300 is two, and the number of lens elements in a second lens group 320 of the lens 300 is three.
- the lens 300 includes five lens elements.
- the first lens group 310 includes the first lens element 212 and a second lens element 314 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS
- the second lens group 320 includes a third lens element 322 , a fourth lens element 324 , and a fifth lens element 326 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS.
- the second lens element 314 is a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface facing toward the magnified side OS
- the third lens element 322 is a biconvex lens
- the fourth lens element 324 is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing toward the magnified side OS
- the fifth lens element 326 is a biconvex lens.
- the first lens element 212 , the second lens element 314 , the fourth lens element 324 , and the fifth lens element 326 are aspheric lenses.
- refractive powers of the first lens element 212 to the fifth lens element 326 are sequentially and respectively negative, positive, positive, negative, and positive.
- Table 5 below lists data in connection with the respective lens elements in the lens 300 shown in FIG. 8 .
- the surface S5 is the aperture stop S.
- Definitions of the surfaces S1 to S16 in the “Label” column, the intervals, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers, and the corresponding relationships of intervals, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers of the same rows in Table 5 are arranged in a way similar to the arrangement of Table 1. Therefore, details in this respect will not be repeated in the following.
- the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S8, S9 S10, and S11 of the lens 300 are aspheric surfaces, and can be represented through Formula (1) above.
- the coefficient A 2 is 0.
- Table 6 in the following lists aspheric parameter values of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S8, S9, S10, and S11.
- the total track length TTL is 16.1 millimeters
- the effective focal length (EFL) is 1.92 millimeters
- the F-number is 2.0
- the FOV is 140 degrees.
- the lenses 200 and 300 also use fewer lens elements and do not require an additional action of switching an infrared filter or require a glass cemented optical device, and still achieve a desirable optical imaging quality during daytime and nighttime. In other words, the lenses 200 and 300 are able to be co-focal in day and night. Besides, the lenses 200 and 300 also exhibit a low thermal drift and a desirable optical imaging quality.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a lens according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the manufacturing method of the lens is at least applicable for the lens 100 of FIG. 1 , the lens 200 of FIG. 7 , or the lens 300 of FIG. 8 .
- the embodiment is described by using the lens 100 of FIG. 1 as an example.
- the invention is not limited thereto.
- a lens barrel is provided.
- the first lens group 110 is placed into the lens barrel and fixed to the lens barrel.
- the second lens group 120 is placed into the lens barrel and fixed to the lens barrel. Accordingly, manufacture of the lens 100 is completed.
- the design of the lens meets predetermined conditions and standards. Therefore, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention has a wide field of view, a miniaturized size, and a low thermal drift, and is able to be co-focal in day and night. Moreover, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention provides a desirable optical imaging quality.
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Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to an optical component and a manufacturing method of the optical component, and particularly relates to a lens and a manufacturing method of the lens.
- Along with the progress of modern video technology, image apparatuses such as digital video cameras (DVCs) and digital cameras (DCs) are broadly used in various fields. One of the core components in the image apparatuses is a lens. A lens is configured to clearly form an image on a display or a charge coupled device (CCD). Besides, due to the prosperous development of smart home surveillance cameras, the demands for a thinner design and more desirable optical properties are also increasing. To satisfy such demands, a lens substantially needs to exhibit characteristics such as a wide field of view, a small size, a thinner design, a high resolution, a large aperture, a low distortion, and day-and-night co-focal, etc.
- However, in known lenses, a filter in an apparatus need to be switched, or more lens elements in the lens are required in order to achieve day-and-night co-focal. The manufacturing cost is higher no matter which of the solutions is adopted. Besides, in known lenses, it is common to adopt a plurality of plastic lens elements to reduce the cost. However, a thermal drift phenomenon is more salient if a plurality of plastic lens elements is adopted, and the optical quality is thus affected. Hence, how to manufacture a lens having the aforementioned characteristics and capable of offering a desirable optical quality is now an issue for researchers of the field to work on.
- One or some exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a lens capable of being co-focal in day and night and having a desirable thermal drift performance and a manufacturing method of the lens.
- An aspect of the invention provides a lens including a first lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group is disposed between a magnified side and a minified side. The second lens group is disposed between the first lens group and the minified side. The lens includes six or less lens elements, and at least four of the six or less lens elements are aspheric lenses. A field of view of the lens is in a range between 100 degrees and 165 degrees, and the second lens group has at least one spherical lens.
- Another aspect of the invention provides a lens including a first lens group and a second lens group. The first lens group is disposed between a magnified side and a minified side. The second lens group is disposed between the first lens group and the minified side. The lens includes six or less lens elements, and at least four of the six or less lens elements are aspheric lenses. A field of view of the lens is in a range between 100 degrees and 165 degrees, and the second lens group has a lens element whose Abbe number is greater than 70.
- Based on the above, in the embodiments of the invention, the design of the lens meets predetermined conditions and standards. Therefore, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention has a wide field of view, a miniaturized size, and a low thermal drift, and is able to be co-focal in day and night. Moreover, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention provides a desirable optical imaging quality.
- The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to an embodiment of the invention. -
FIGS. 2 to 6 are diagrams illustrating imaging optical simulation data of the lens ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a lens according to an embodiment of the invention. - Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 1 , alens 100 of the embodiment includes afirst lens group 110 and a second lens group 120. Thefirst lens group 110 is located between a magnified side OS and a minified side IS. The second lens group 120 is disposed between thefirst lens group 110 and the minified side IS. Thefirst lens group 110 and the second lens group 120 are arranged along an optical axis A of thelens 100. - The
lens 100 includes six or less lens elements. At least four of the six or less lens elements are aspheric lenses. In the embodiment, thelens 100 includes six lens elements, and five of the lens elements are aspheric lenses. Accordingly, phenomena such as spherical aberration, coma aberration, astigmatism, curvature of field, and distortion are suppressed, and a high resolution is achieved. In the embodiment, thefirst lens group 110 has a negative refractive power, and thesecond lens group 110 has a positive refractive power. Besides, in the embodiment, thelens 100 includes at least four plastic lens elements, but does not include a cemented lens, and the second lens group 120 has at least one spherical lens. - In the embodiment, the
first lens group 110 includes afirst lens element 112, asecond lens element 114, and athird lens 116 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS, and the second lens group 120 includes afourth lens element 122, afifth lens element 124, and asixth lens element 126 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS. In addition, thefirst lens element 112, thesecond lens element 114, thethird lens element 116, thefourth lens element 122, and thefifth lens element 124 are aspheric lenses. In the embodiment, refractive powers of thefirst lens element 112 to thesixth lens element 126 are sequentially and respectively negative, negative positive, positive, negative, and positive. - In the embodiment, the
first lens element 112 is a biconcave lens, thesecond lens element 114 is a negative meniscus lens having a concave surface facing toward the magnified side OS, thethird lens element 116 is a positive meniscus lens having a convex surface toward the magnified side OS, thefourth lens element 122 is a biconvex lens, thefifth lens element 124 is a biconcave lens, and the sixth lens element is a biconvex lens. - Moreover, in the embodiment, the
lens 100 further includes an aperture stop S, afilter device 130, and aglass cover 140. The aperture stop S is disposed between thethird lens element 116 of thefirst lens group 110 and thefourth lens element 122 of the second lens group 120. Thefilter device 130 is disposed between thesixth lens element 126 of the second lens group 120 and the minified side IS. Theglass cover 140 is disposed between thefilter device 130 and animaging surface 150 of the minified side IS. - In the embodiment, the
lens 100 meets a condition of 100°≤FOV≤165°, wherein FOV represents a field of view of thelens 100, such as a field of view in a diagonal direction of theimaging surface 150. Accordingly, an optical imaging quality of thelens 100 meeting the aforementioned conditions is ensured, and thelens 100 exhibits desirable optical properties. - Table 1 below lists data in connection with the respective lens elements in the
lens 100 shown inFIG. 1 . -
TABLE 1 Interval Surface Radius of curvature (millimeter/ Refractive Abbe Number (millimeter/mm) mm) index Number Label S1 −20.4 1.1 1.53 55.4 112 S2 2.8 2.2 S3 −3.0 0.5 1.53 55.4 114 S4 −48.6 0.2 S5 5.7 2.3 1.66 20.4 116 S6 86.4 0.2 S7 infinity 0.9 S S8 5.2 1.6 1.53 55.4 122 S9 −2.4 0.1 S10 −4.5 0.5 1.66 20.4 124 S11 10.0 0.2 S12 7.1 1.7 1.70 55.5 126 S13 −5.6 0.6 S14 infinity 0.2 1.52 64.1 130 S15 infinity 3.2 S16 infinity 0.4 1.52 64.1 140 S17 infinity 0.1 S18 infinity 0.0 150 - In Table 1, an interval is defined as a linear distance between two adjacent surfaces along the optical axis A of the
lens 100. For example, an interval of the surface S1 is a linear distance between the surface S1 and the surface S2 along the optical axis A. Thicknesses, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers corresponding to the respective lens elements in the “Label” column may be referred to corresponding intervals, refractive indices and Abbe numbers in the same row. Besides, in Table 1, the surface S1 and the surface S2 are two surfaces of thefirst lens element 112. The surface S3 and the surface S4 are two surfaces of thesecond lens element 114. Relations among other surfaces and lens elements may be inferred based on the same principle. The surface S7 is the aperture stop S. The surface S14 and the surface S15 are two surfaces of thefilter device 130. The surface S16 and the surface S17 are two surfaces of theglass cover 140. The surface S18 is theimaging surface 150. - In the embodiment, the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, and S11 of the
lens 100 are aspheric surfaces, and can be represented through Formula (1) in the following: -
- In Formula (1), Z represents a sag in the direction of the optical axis A, and c represents a reciprocal of a radius of an osculating sphere, which is a reciprocal of a radius of curvature near the optical axis A (e.g., radii of curvature of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, and S11 in Table 1.). K represents a conic coefficient, r represents an aspheric height, and A2 to A16 are aspheric coefficients. In the embodiment, the coefficients K and A2 are both 0. Table 2 in the following lists aspheric parameter values of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S8, S9, S10, and S11.
-
TABLE 2 A4 A6 A8 A10 A12 S1 4.2E−03 −1.8E−04 4.9E−06 −7.4E−08 5.0E−10 S2 −2.4E−03 −4.6E−05 2.0E−04 −2.9E−05 −1.2E−06 S3 4.3E−02 −8.3E−03 1.3E−03 −1.1E−04 4.7E−06 S4 6.6E−02 −1.8E−02 5.0E−03 −2.8E−05 −1.8E−04 S5 1.4E−02 −1.2E−02 6.3E−03 −1.2E−03 7.0E−06 S6 −2.3E−04 2.1E−03 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 S8 −6.6E−03 2.0E−04 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 S9 9.4E−03 3.0E−03 −1.1E−03 1.9E−04 0.0E+00 S10 1.1E−02 1.2E−03 −1.2E−03 1.6E−04 0.0E+00 S11 1.3E−02 −1.2E−03 −1.2E−04 2.4E−05 −3.2E−07 - In the
lens 100 of the embodiment, the total track length (TTL, i.e. a distance from S1 to S18 on the optical axis) is 15.9 millimeters, the effective focal length (EFL) is 2.00 millimeters, the F-number is 2.0, and the field of view (FOV) is 140 degrees. -
FIGS. 2 to 6 are diagrams illustrating imaging optical simulation data of the lens ofFIG. 1 . Referring toFIGS. 2 to 6 ,FIG. 2 is graph illustrating a modulation transfer function (MTF) of thelens 100 during daytime, the horizontal axis represents a spatial frequency in cycles per millimeter, and the vertical axis represents a modulus of the optical transfer function. In the embodiment, a curve of the modulation transfer function of thelens 100 during daytime is within a standard range, as shown inFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an MTF of thelens 100 within an image height of 3.088 millimeters during nighttime, the horizontal axis represents a spatial frequency, and the vertical axis represents a modulus of the optical transfer function. In the embodiment, a curve of the modulation transfer function of thelens 100 during nighttime is within a standard range, as shown inFIG. 3 . It is thus shown that, in the embodiment, thelens 100 uses fewer lens elements and does not require an additional action of switching an infrared filter or require a glass cemented optical device, and is still able to be co-focal in day and night and achieves a desirable optical imaging quality during daytime and nighttime. -
FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 are graphs illustrating MTFs of thelens 100 with respect to different image heights when the temperatures are 20° C., −20° C., and 80° C., respectively. The horizontal axis represents a spatial frequency, the vertical axis represents a modulus of the optical transfer function, T represents a curve in the tangential direction, S represents a curve in the sagittal direction, and values following “TS” represent image heights. In addition, the curve in the tangential direction and the curve in the sagittal direction coincide when the image height is 0.0000 mm. In the embodiment, the modulus of the optical transfer function of thelens 100 is greater than 60% when the temperature is 20° C., the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm, and the image height is within 3.088 mm, the modulus of the optical transfer function of thelens 100 is greater than 60% when the temperature is −20° C., the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm, and the image height is within 3.088 mm, and the modulus of the optical transfer function of thelens 100 is greater than 60% when the temperature is 80° C., the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm, and the image height is within 3.088 mm, as shown inFIGS. 4 to 6 . The optical performance is desirable when the spatial frequency is 63 lp/mm and the temperature ranges from −20° C. to 80° C. In other words, thelens 100 of the embodiment exhibits a low thermal drift and a desirable optical imaging quality within the temperature range from −20° C. to 80° C. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 7 , alens 200 of the embodiment is similar to thelens 100 ofFIG. 1 , but the two lenses differ in that asecond lens group 220 of thelens 200 of the embodiment includes a lens element whose Abbe number is greater than 70. Specifically, the lens element (i.e., the fourth lens element 122) of thesecond lens group 220 closest to afirst lens group 210 has an Abbe number greater than 70. Accordingly, the chromatic aberration between light at the wavelength of visible light and light at the infrared light is reduced and thelens 200 may exhibit a desirable optical property. In addition, thelens 200 has simultaneously and substantially the same focal position for the visible light and the infrared light. - Specifically, what differs from the
lens 100 ofFIG. 1 is that, in the embodiment, afirst lens element 212 is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing toward the magnified side OS, asecond lens element 214 is a biconcave lens, and athird lens element 216 is a biconvex lens. In addition, thefirst lens element 212, thesecond lens element 214, thethird lens element 216, thefifth lens element 124, and thesixth lens element 126 are aspheric lenses. - Table 3 below lists data in connection with the respective lens elements in the
lens 200 shown inFIG. 7 . -
TABLE 3 Interval Surface Radius of curvature (millimeter/ Refractive Abbe Number (millimeter/mm) mm) index Number Label S1 8.2 1.3 1.54 56.1 212 S2 1.4 2.7 S3 −4.6 0.5 1.54 56.1 214 S4 55.7 0.1 S5 8.3 2.4 1.66 20.4 216 S6 −6.0 0.3 S7 infinity 0.3 S S8 6.6 1.3 1.44 95.1 122 S9 −2.8 0.1 S10 −9.3 0.5 1.66 20.4 124 S11 3.3 0.2 S12 3.6 2.2 1.54 56.1 126 S13 −3.2 0.9 S14 infinity 0.2 1.52 64.1 130 S15 infinity 2.7 S16 infinity 0.4 1.52 64.1 140 S17 infinity 0.1 S18 infinity 0.0 150 - Definitions of the surfaces S1 to S18 in the “Label” column, the intervals, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers, and the corresponding relationships of intervals, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers of the same rows in Table 3 are arranged in a way similar to the arrangement of Table 1. Therefore, details in this respect will not be repeated in the following.
- In the embodiment, the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S10, S11, S12, and S13 of the
lens 200 are aspheric surfaces, and can be represented through Formula (1) above. In addition, in the embodiment, the coefficients A2 and A12 are 0. Table 4 in the following lists aspheric parameter values of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S10, S11, S12, and S13. -
TABLE 4 K A4 A6 A8 A10 S1 −3.7E+01 1.6E−04 4.4E−06 5.4E−09 0.0E+00 S2 −9.5E−01 −2.8E−03 2.5E−03 −2.3E−04 −1.4E−06 S3 −1.1E+01 −2.1E−02 5.9E−03 −6.0E−04 2.2E−05 S4 0.0E+00 −1.7E−02 1.2E−02 −2.0E−03 2.8E−04 S5 −8.3E+01 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 S6 −1.3E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 S10 1.8E+01 −1.7E−02 3.0E−03 −5.6E−04 0.0E+00 S11 1.7E−01 −3.8E−02 1.0E−02 −1.8E−03 1.2E−04 S12 −3.0E−01 −2.8E−02 5.4E−03 −6.4E−04 3.0E−05 S13 −7.5E−01 −5.8E−05 −5.1E−04 3.3E−05 0.0E+00 - In the
lens 200 of the embodiment, the total track length TTL is 16.1 millimeters, the effective focal length (EFL) is 1.85 millimeters, the F-number is 2.0, and the FOV is 140 degrees. -
FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a lens according to another embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 8 , alens 300 of the embodiment is similar to thelens 200 ofFIG. 7 , but the two lenses differ in that the number of lens elements in afirst lens group 310 of thelens 300 is two, and the number of lens elements in asecond lens group 320 of thelens 300 is three. Specifically, in the embodiment, thelens 300 includes five lens elements. - What differs from the
lens 200 ofFIG. 2 is that, in the embodiment, thefirst lens group 310 includes thefirst lens element 212 and asecond lens element 314 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS, and thesecond lens group 320 includes athird lens element 322, afourth lens element 324, and afifth lens element 326 sequentially arranged from the magnified side OS toward the minified side IS. - In the embodiment, the
second lens element 314 is a positive meniscus lens having a concave surface facing toward the magnified side OS, thethird lens element 322 is a biconvex lens, thefourth lens element 324 is a negative meniscus lens having a convex surface facing toward the magnified side OS, and thefifth lens element 326 is a biconvex lens. In addition, thefirst lens element 212, thesecond lens element 314, thefourth lens element 324, and thefifth lens element 326 are aspheric lenses. In the embodiment, refractive powers of thefirst lens element 212 to thefifth lens element 326 are sequentially and respectively negative, positive, positive, negative, and positive. - Table 5 below lists data in connection with the respective lens elements in the
lens 300 shown inFIG. 8 . -
TABLE 5 Interval Surface Radius of curvature (millimeter/ Refractive Abbe Number (millimeter/mm) mm) index Number Label S1 79.1 1.1 1.53 55.4 212 S2 1.6 2.2 S3 −10.5 2.7 1.66 20.4 314 S4 −4.6 1.2 S5 infinity 0.7 S S6 5.6 1.5 1.44 95.1 322 S7 −3.3 0.1 S8 15.0 0.5 1.66 20.4 324 S9 2.5 0.3 S10 3.5 2.1 1.53 55.4 326 S11 −4.5 0.3 S12 infinity 0.2 1.52 64.1 130 S13 infinity 2.8 S14 infinity 0.4 1.52 64.1 140 S15 infinity 0.1 S16 infinity 0.0 150 - In table 5, the surface S5 is the aperture stop S. Definitions of the surfaces S1 to S16 in the “Label” column, the intervals, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers, and the corresponding relationships of intervals, refractive indices, and Abbe numbers of the same rows in Table 5 are arranged in a way similar to the arrangement of Table 1. Therefore, details in this respect will not be repeated in the following.
- In the embodiment, the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S8, S9 S10, and S11 of the
lens 300 are aspheric surfaces, and can be represented through Formula (1) above. In addition, in the embodiment, the coefficient A2 is 0. Table 6 in the following lists aspheric parameter values of the surfaces S1, S2, S3, S4, S8, S9, S10, and S11. -
TABLE 6 K A4 A6 S1 4.1E+01 4.3E−04 2.5E−06 S2 −2.9E+00 6.2E−02 −1.3E−02 S3 −5.9E+00 −1.2E−02 1.4E−03 S4 1.8E+00 7.8E−04 1.1E−03 S8 0.0E+00 −3.1E−02 4.3E−03 S9 −1.5E−01 −4.7E−02 8.9E−03 S10 −1.2E+00 −1.5E−02 2.3E−03 S11 −6.8E−01 5.2E−04 −3.0E−04 A8 A10 A12 S1 −6.0E−07 2.2E−08 −2.3E−10 S2 2.6E−03 −2.0E−04 0.0E+00 S3 −6.1E−04 1.3E−04 −8.9E−06 S4 −1.6E−04 2.3E−05 1.8E−06 S8 −4.7E−04 −1.7E−05 0.0E+00 S9 −1.6E−03 1.5E−04 −9.5E−06 S10 −2.1E−04 7.3E−06 1.4E−07 S11 1.2E−04 −2.5E−05 2.1E−06 - In the
lens 300 of the embodiment, the total track length TTL is 16.1 millimeters, the effective focal length (EFL) is 1.92 millimeters, the F-number is 2.0, and the FOV is 140 degrees. Similar to thelens 100 ofFIG. 1 , thelenses lenses lenses -
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a manufacturing method of a lens according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 9 , in the embodiment, the manufacturing method of the lens is at least applicable for thelens 100 ofFIG. 1 , thelens 200 ofFIG. 7 , or thelens 300 ofFIG. 8 . In the following, the embodiment is described by using thelens 100 ofFIG. 1 as an example. However, the invention is not limited thereto. In the manufacturing method of the lens in this embodiment, at Step S900, a lens barrel is provided. At Step S910, thefirst lens group 110 is placed into the lens barrel and fixed to the lens barrel. At Step S920, the second lens group 120 is placed into the lens barrel and fixed to the lens barrel. Accordingly, manufacture of thelens 100 is completed. - In view of the foregoing, in the exemplary embodiments of the invention, the design of the lens meets predetermined conditions and standards. Therefore, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention has a wide field of view, a miniaturized size, and a low thermal drift, and is able to be co-focal in day and night. Moreover, the lens according to the embodiments of the invention provides a desirable optical imaging quality.
- It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (20)
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