US20190169721A1 - Martensitic steel with delayed z-phase formation, and component - Google Patents

Martensitic steel with delayed z-phase formation, and component Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190169721A1
US20190169721A1 US16/092,456 US201716092456A US2019169721A1 US 20190169721 A1 US20190169721 A1 US 20190169721A1 US 201716092456 A US201716092456 A US 201716092456A US 2019169721 A1 US2019169721 A1 US 2019169721A1
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Prior art keywords
component
alloy
nickel
iron
niobium
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Abandoned
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US16/092,456
Inventor
Torsten-Ulf Kern
Axel Bublitz
Karsten Kolk
Torsten Neddemeyer
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KOLK, KARSTEN, Bublitz, Axel, KERN, TORSTEN-ULF, Neddemeyer, Torsten
Publication of US20190169721A1 publication Critical patent/US20190169721A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/005—Selecting particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/04—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy

Definitions

  • the following relates to a martensitic steel having delayed Z-phase formation and a component made of this.
  • forged rotor disks As a function of the use condition, forged rotor disks have hitherto been produced from various forging steels. Thus, a steel based on NiCrMoV is used for compressor disks and a steel based on CrMoWVNbN is used for turbine disks.
  • the use conditions and the design requirements are decisive for the selection of the forging material.
  • the material having the highest use temperature is at present a steel based on CrMoWVNbN and a steel based on CrMoCoVB. Both materials are unsuitable in the 800-900 MPa strength class for use above 773K and 823K, respectively.
  • An aspect relates to solving the abovementioned problem.
  • the alloy composition of martensitic steels has hitherto been restricted by the formation of the Z-phase.
  • the following relates to an alloy which comprises at least (in % by weight):
  • the inventive step lies in the development and validation of new Z-phase-delaying alloys for primary use as rotor disk in gas turbines.
  • use temperature can be increased and therefore makes power and performance increases for the machine possible without external cooling being necessary.
  • the invention relates to a martensitic steel having delayed Z-phase formation and a component made of this.
  • forged rotor disks As a function of the use condition, forged rotor disks have hitherto been produced from various forging steels. Thus, a steel based on NiCrMoV is used for compressor disks and a steel based on CrMoWVNbN is used for turbine disks.
  • the use conditions and the design requirements are decisive for the selection of the forging material.
  • the material having the highest use temperature is at present a steel based on CrMoWVNbN and a steel based on CrMoCoVB. Both materials are unsuitable in the 800-900 MPa strength class for use above 773K and 823K, respectively.
  • the object is achieved by an alloy as claimed in claim 1 and a component as claimed in claim 2 .
  • the alloy composition of martensitic steels has hitherto been restricted by the formation of the Z-phase.
  • the invention relates to an alloy which comprises at least (in % by weight):
  • the inventive step lies in the development and validation of new Z-phase-delaying alloys for primary use as rotor disk in gas turbines.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

An iron-based steel comprising at least (in wt. %): carbon (C): 0.01%-0.10%; silicon (Si): 0.02%-0.7%; manganese (Mn): 0.3%-1.0%; chromium (Cr): 8.0%-10%; molybdenum (Mo): 0.1%-1.8%; cobalt (Co): 0.8%-2.0%; nickel (Ni): 0.008% -0.20%; boron (B): 0.004% -0.01%; nitrogen (N): 0.03% -0.06%; vanadium (V): 0.1% -0.3%, particularly 0.15% -0.022% of vanadium (V), more particularly 0.185% of vanadium (V); niobium (Nb): 0.01% -0.07%; optionally tungsten (W): 2.0% -2.8%, particularly 2.4% of tungsten; the remainder being iron (Fe); wherein said steel consists in particular of these elements.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority to PCT Application No. PCT/EP2017/058861, having a filing date of Apr. 12, 2017, based off of German application No. 102016206370.7 having a filing date of Apr. 15, 2016, the entire contents of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
    • FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
  • The following relates to a martensitic steel having delayed Z-phase formation and a component made of this.
    • BACKGROUND
  • As a function of the use condition, forged rotor disks have hitherto been produced from various forging steels. Thus, a steel based on NiCrMoV is used for compressor disks and a steel based on CrMoWVNbN is used for turbine disks. The use conditions and the design requirements are decisive for the selection of the forging material.
  • When choosing the forging material, it is always necessary to ensure an equilibrium between strength and toughness in order to meet the desired requirements.
  • The material having the highest use temperature is at present a steel based on CrMoWVNbN and a steel based on CrMoCoVB. Both materials are unsuitable in the 800-900 MPa strength class for use above 773K and 823K, respectively.
  • For higher use temperatures, nickel materials are at present being discussed.
  • Unfortunately, the components have disadvantages, which have to be taken into consideration for use:
  • very high costs compared to a disk made of steel,
  • new design concepts have to be developed,
  • longer working times in manufacture.
    • SUMMARY
  • An aspect relates to solving the abovementioned problem.
  • The alloy composition of martensitic steels has hitherto been restricted by the formation of the Z-phase.
  • The following relates to an alloy which comprises at least (in % by weight):
    • Carbon (C): 0.01%-0.10%,
    • Silicon (Si): 0.02%-0.7%,
    • Manganese (Mn): 0.3%-1.0%,
    • Chromium (Cr): 8.0%-10%,
    • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.1%-1.8%,
    • Cobalt (Co): 0.8%-2.0%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0.008%-0.2%,
    • Boron (B): 0.004%-0.01%,
    • Nitrogen (N): 0.03%-0.06%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0.1%-0.3%,
    • Niobium (Nb): 0.01%-0.06%,
    • optionally
    • Tungsten (W): 2.0%-2.8%,
    • balance iron (Fe),
    • in particular consisting of these elements.
  • 1st working example (in % by weight):
    • Carbon (C): 0.03%,
    • Silicon (Si): 0.36%,
    • Manganese (Mn): 0.49%,
    • Chromium (Cr): 9.12%,
    • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.15%,
    • Tungsten (W): 2.4%,
    • Cobalt (Co): 1.8%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0.01%,
    • Boron (B): 0.006%,
    • Nitrogen (N): 0.05%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0.2%,
    • Niobium (Nb): 0.05%, balance iron (Fe).
  • 2nd working example (in % by weight):
    • Carbon (C): 0.08%,
    • Silicon (Si): 0.05%,
    • Manganese (Mn): 0.82%,
    • Chromium (Cr): 9.32%,
    • Molybdenum (Mo): 1.47%,
    • Cobalt (Co): 0.96%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0.16%,
    • Boron (B): 0.0085%,
    • Nitrogen (N): 0.04%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0.17%,
    • Niobium (Nb): 0.02%,
    • balance iron (Fe).
  • Apart from the use as forged disk in the gas turbine, further applications are conceivable.
    • These include gas turbine compressor blade, steam turbine blade or steam turbine forged parts.
  • The inventive step lies in the development and validation of new Z-phase-delaying alloys for primary use as rotor disk in gas turbines.
  • The advantages are:
  • widening of the use range of inexpensive iron-based alloys compared to expensive nickel-based materials,
  • faster workability of the rotor components based on iron (9%-12% Cr) compared to nickel-based materials,
  • experiences from construction, manufacture and production of the high-alloy iron-based alloys can largely be carried over. This assists, for example, in all probabilistic approaches (e.g. fracture mechanics=>minimized risk),
  • use temperature can be increased and therefore makes power and performance increases for the machine possible without external cooling being necessary.
  • Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of preferred embodiments and variations thereon, it will be understood that numerous additional modifications and variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of “a” or “an” throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and “comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements.
  • Martensitic Steel with Delayed Z-Phase Formation, and Component
  • The invention relates to a martensitic steel having delayed Z-phase formation and a component made of this.
  • As a function of the use condition, forged rotor disks have hitherto been produced from various forging steels. Thus, a steel based on NiCrMoV is used for compressor disks and a steel based on CrMoWVNbN is used for turbine disks. The use conditions and the design requirements are decisive for the selection of the forging material.
  • When choosing the forging material, it is always necessary to ensure an equilibrium between strength and toughness in order to meet the desired requirements.
  • The material having the highest use temperature is at present a steel based on CrMoWVNbN and a steel based on CrMoCoVB. Both materials are unsuitable in the 800-900 MPa strength class for use above 773K and 823K, respectively.
  • For higher use temperatures, nickel materials are at present being discussed.
  • Unfortunately, the components have disadvantages, which have to be taken into consideration for use:
  • very high costs compared to a disk made of steel,
  • new design concepts have to be developed,
  • longer working times in manufacture.
  • It is therefore an object of the invention to solve the abovementioned problem.
  • The object is achieved by an alloy as claimed in claim 1 and a component as claimed in claim 2.
  • The alloy composition of martensitic steels has hitherto been restricted by the formation of the Z-phase.
  • Further advantageous measures which can be combined with one another in any way in order to achieve further advantages are listed in the dependent claims.
  • The invention relates to an alloy which comprises at least (in % by weight):
    • Carbon (C): 0.01%-0.10%,
    • Silicon (Si): 0.02%-0.7%,
    • Manganese (Mn): 0.3%-1.0%,
    • Chromium (Cr): 8.0%-10%,
    • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.1%-1.8%,
    • Cobalt (Co): 0.8%-2.0%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0.008%-0.2%,
    • Boron (B): 0.004%-0.01%,
    • Nitrogen (N): 0.03%-0.06%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0.1%-0.3%,
    • Niobium (Nb): 0.01%-0.06%,
    • optionally
    • Tungsten (W): 2.0%-2.8%,
    • balance iron (Fe),
    • in particular consisting of these elements.
  • 1st working example (in % by weight):
    • Carbon (C): 0.03%,
    • Silicon (Si): 0.36%,
    • Manganese (Mn): 0.49%,
    • Chromium (Cr): 9.12%,
    • Molybdenum (Mo): 0.15%,
    • Tungsten (W): 2.4%,
    • Cobalt (Co): 1.8%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0.01%,
    • Boron (B): 0.006%,
    • Nitrogen (N): 0.05%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0.2%,
    • Niobium (Nb): 0.05%,
    • balance iron (Fe).
  • 2nd working example (in % by weight):
    • Carbon (C): 0.08%,
    • Silicon (Si): 0.05%,
    • Manganese (Mn): 0.82%,
    • Molybdenum (Mo): 1.47%,
    • Cobalt (Co): 0.96%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0.16%,
    • Boron (B): 0.0085%,
    • Nitrogen (N): 0.04%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0.17%,
    • Niobium (Nb): 0.02%,
    • balance iron (Fe).
  • Apart from the use as forged disk in the gas turbine, further applications are conceivable.
    • These include gas turbine compressor blade, steam turbine blade or steam turbine forged parts.
  • The inventive step lies in the development and validation of new Z-phase-delaying alloys for primary use as rotor disk in gas turbines.
  • The advantages are:
      • widening of the use range of inexpensive iron-based alloys compared to expensive nickel-based materials,
      • faster workability of the rotor components based on iron (9%-12% Cr) compared to nickel-based materials,
      • experiences from construction, manufacture and production of the high-alloy iron-based alloys can largely be carried over. This assists, for example, in all probabilistic approaches (e.g. fracture mechanics=>minimized risk),
      • use temperature can be increased and therefore makes power and performance increases for the machine possible without external cooling being necessary.

Claims (26)

1. An iron-based alloy comprising at least (in % by weight):
Carbon (C): 0.01%-0.10%,
Silicon (Si): 0.02%-0.7%,
Manganese (Mn): 0.3%-1.0%,
Chromium (Cr): 8.0%-10%,
Molybdenum (Mo): 0.1%-1.8%,
Cobalt (Co): 0.8%-2.0%,
Nickel (Ni): 0.008%-0.20%,
Boron (B): 0.004%-0.01%,
Nitrogen (N): 0.03%-0.06%,
Vanadium (V): 0.1%-0.3%,
Niobium (Nb): 0.01%-0.07%,
balance iron (Fe).
2. A component or powder comprising at least an alloy as claimed in claim 1.
3. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 consisting of iron, carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, boron, nitrogen, vanadium, and niobium.
4. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 which does not contain copper.
5. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 which does not contain titanium.
6. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 which does not contain aluminum.
7. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing tungsten.
8. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.01%-0.05% of carbon.
9. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.3%-0.4% of silicon.
10. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.4%-0.6% of manganese.
11. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 8.6%-9.6% of chromium.
12. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.1%-0.2% of molybdenum (Mo).
13. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 1.6%-2.0% of cobalt.
14. The alloy or component as claimed claim 1 containing 0.005%-0.015% of nickel.
15. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.004%-0.008% of boron.
16. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.03%-0.07% of niobium.
17. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.06%-0.1% of carbon.
18. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.04%-0.06% of silicon.
19. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.7%-0.9% of manganese.
20. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 1.4%-1.6% of molybdenum.
21. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.85%-1.1% of cobalt.
22. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.1%-0.2% of nickel.
23. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.007%-0.01% of boron.
24. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 containing 0.015%-0.025% of niobium.
25. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 1 which does not contain tungsten.
26. The alloy or component as claimed in claim 7 containing 2.0%-2.8% tungsten.
US16/092,456 2016-04-15 2017-04-12 Martensitic steel with delayed z-phase formation, and component Abandoned US20190169721A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016206370.7 2016-04-15
DE102016206370.7A DE102016206370A1 (en) 2016-04-15 2016-04-15 Martensitic steel with delayed Z-phase formation and component
PCT/EP2017/058861 WO2017178555A1 (en) 2016-04-15 2017-04-12 Martensitic steel with delayed z-phase formation, and component

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US20190169721A1 true US20190169721A1 (en) 2019-06-06

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US (1) US20190169721A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3414354A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102016206370A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017178555A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH369481A (en) * 1956-01-11 1963-05-31 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Process for increasing the creep resistance of chrome steel
JPH07286247A (en) * 1994-04-18 1995-10-31 Nippon Steel Corp High strength ferritic heat resistant steel
DE19628506A1 (en) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-22 Siemens Ag Turbine shaft for steam turbines
JPH1161342A (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-03-05 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd High chromium ferritic steel
JP4900639B2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2012-03-21 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 Ferritic heat resistant steel having tempered martensite structure and method for producing the same
JP4386364B2 (en) * 2005-07-07 2009-12-16 株式会社日立製作所 Steam turbine piping, its manufacturing method, main steam piping and reheat piping for steam turbine and steam turbine power plant using the same
WO2007091535A1 (en) * 2006-02-06 2007-08-16 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Ferritic heat-resistant steel
JP2010520372A (en) * 2007-03-05 2010-06-10 デンマーク テクニスク ユニヴェルジテット Martensitic creep resistant steel strengthened by Z phase
JP5097017B2 (en) * 2008-06-03 2012-12-12 住友金属工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of high Cr ferritic heat resistant steel
JP2009074179A (en) * 2008-11-14 2009-04-09 Babcock Hitachi Kk HIGH Cr FERRITIC HEAT RESISTANT STEEL
JP5137934B2 (en) * 2009-12-04 2013-02-06 バブコック日立株式会社 Ferritic heat resistant steel

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EP3414354A1 (en) 2018-12-19
DE102016206370A1 (en) 2017-10-19

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