US20190107656A1 - Filter for laser protection - Google Patents

Filter for laser protection Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190107656A1
US20190107656A1 US16/087,133 US201716087133A US2019107656A1 US 20190107656 A1 US20190107656 A1 US 20190107656A1 US 201716087133 A US201716087133 A US 201716087133A US 2019107656 A1 US2019107656 A1 US 2019107656A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
filter
wavelength band
predetermined
radiation
predetermined wavelength
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/087,133
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Benjamin Black
Leslie Charles Laycock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BAE Systems PLC
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BAE Systems PLC
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Filing date
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Application filed by BAE Systems PLC filed Critical BAE Systems PLC
Assigned to BAE SYSTEMS PLC reassignment BAE SYSTEMS PLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BLACK, Daniel Benjamin, LAYCOCK, LESLIE CHARLES
Publication of US20190107656A1 publication Critical patent/US20190107656A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/203—Filters having holographic or diffractive elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/02—Goggles
    • A61F9/022—Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/18—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against harmful radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/28—Interference filters
    • G02B5/285—Interference filters comprising deposited thin solid films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
    • G02C7/104—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses having spectral characteristics for purposes other than sun-protection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/04—Eye-masks ; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing
    • A61F9/06—Masks, shields or hoods for welders
    • A61F9/065—Masks, shields or hoods for welders use of particular optical filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/0005—Production of optical devices or components in so far as characterised by the lithographic processes or materials used therefor
    • G03F7/001—Phase modulating patterns, e.g. refractive index patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
    • G03H2001/0413—Recording geometries or arrangements for recording transmission holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
    • G03H2001/0439—Recording geometries or arrangements for recording Holographic Optical Element [HOE]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2223/00—Optical components
    • G03H2223/17—Element having optical power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2223/00—Optical components
    • G03H2223/24—Reflector; Mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
    • G03H2260/12—Photopolymer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to filters for laser protection and, more particularly, to such filters formed by holographic exposure of a photosensitive film or films by one or more lasers, and to a method of forming such filters.
  • aspects of the present invention seek to address at least some of these issues and, in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming a conformable filter, comprising the steps of:
  • the filter notch filter region can be formed very precisely to block a relatively very small bandwidth of radiation around, or including, a specifically selected wavelength.
  • a number e.g. three or more
  • the visible light transmission is retained at at least 70% because the ‘notch’ size (i.e. the bandwidth of blocked radiation) can be made so precisely and so small.
  • the film may be formed of a photosensitive polymer material, which may have a visible light transmission of at least 85% and may have a thickness of 1 to 100 micrometers.
  • a conformable filter formed by the method substantially as described above.
  • the filter may additionally be configured to prevent transmission of radiation in a second predetermined wavelength band covering a selected second predetermined laser threat.
  • the first predetermined wavelength band may cover, or be centred on, 532 nm.
  • the second predetermined wavelength band may cover, or be centred on, 445 nm.
  • the filter may be additionally configured to prevent radiation in a third predetermined visible radiation band covering the wavelength of a third predetermined laser threat.
  • the third predetermined visible wavelength band may cover, or be centred on, 650 nm.
  • the filter thus formed, may be configured to prevent radiation from three or more predetermined wavelength bands of bandwidth 10 nm or less.
  • the filter may be comprised of a single layer of material adapted or configured for preventing the transmission of the predetermined visible wavelength band or bands.
  • the bandwidth of at least one of the predetermined wavelength bands may be less than 10 nm, for example, 5 nm.
  • the present invention is not necessarily intended to be limited in this regard, and larger bandwidths may be desirable in certain situations and comply with certain specifications.
  • the filter may have an optical density of at least 2 at the first predetermined wavelength band; and in one exemplary embodiment, the filter may have an optical density of at least 2 at each predetermined wavelength band.
  • the filter may have an optical density of at least 2 at each predetermined wavelength band.
  • the filter may be provided as a conformal film for coupling to a window; and, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a multi-layered window comprising a filter substantially as described above wherein the filter is interposed between layers of the window.
  • the present invention extends to a window for a vehicle, the window comprising a filter substantially as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a filter according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention applied to a substrate;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of forming a filter region for use in a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the filter of FIG. 1 configured to detect radiation
  • FIG. 4 is a graph in which the transmission characteristic of the filter of FIG. 1 is plotted
  • FIG. 5 illustrates schematically the filter of FIG. 1 implemented on the windscreen of a vehicle.
  • a layer of filter material 10 applied to a first face of a substrate 20 to provide a window 100 adapted for mitigating laser threats such as dazzle.
  • the substrate 20 is substantially transmissive of visible light (for example, it may have a visible light transmission (VLT %) of around 90% of normally incident light) and may be formed, for example, from a glass or plastics material such as polycarbonate.
  • the filter material 10 is an interference filter formed by a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention for holographically exposing a photosensitive film with a plurality of lasers having a set of predetermined wavelengths, advantageously (but not necessarily essentially) within a selected wavelength band of bandwidth 10 nm or less.
  • Conformable photosensitive (e.g. polymeric) films for use in exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be known to a person skilled in the art, and the present invention is not necessarily intended to be limited in this regard.
  • Such photosensitive polymeric films are provided having varying degrees of inherent visible light transmission (VLT), ranging from less than 70% (and possibly, therefore, having a coloured tinge) up to 95% or more (and being substantially colourless and transparent).
  • VLT visible light transmission
  • a photosensitive flexible/conformable (e.g. polymeric) film is selected having an inherent VLT of, for example, at least 85%.
  • the film typically has a thickness of 1 to 100 micrometers. Thinner, currently known, films may not achieve useful optical densities.
  • the degree to which a selected radiation wavelength can be blocked i.e. the effectiveness of a filter region formed therein
  • the filter region thickness is ideally matched to the application and the potential power of the source from which protection is required (which may be dictated, at least to some extent, by the minimum distance from the target platform the laser threat may realistically be located and this, in turn, is dictated by application).
  • thicker films and films with higher refractive modulation indices would be selected if it were required to provide protection from higher power radiation sources or to provide greater angular coverage, but this might then have a detrimental effect on the inherent VLT of the film, so a balance is selected to meet the needs of a specific application.
  • distinct filter regions defining a notch filter region of a predetermined bandwidth may be formed by exposing the film to the intersection of two counter propagating laser beams for each of a set of laser wavelengths within the selected wavelength band having a selected spectral bandwidth.
  • Each laser 100 (of a wavelength within the selected spectral bandwidth) produces a laser beam 120 which is controlled by a shutter 140 .
  • the laser beam 120 is directed by a mirror 160 into a beam splitter 180 wherein the beam is divided into equal beam segments 200 .
  • Each beam segment 200 passes through a microscope objective 220 and is then reflected by a respective mirror 360 onto the photosensitive polymer film 320 .
  • Other optical devices may be provided between the microscope objective 220 and the mirror 360 to, for example, focus or diverge the respective beam segments 200 , as required.
  • masking or other limiting techniques may be utilised to limit the extent or thickness to which the film is exposed to the beam segments 200 , as will be understood by a person skilled in the art.
  • a plurality of lasers 100 may be used to produce the notch filter region of (purely by way of example) 517.5 nm, 518 nm, 518.5 nm, 519 nm, 519.5 nm, 520 nm, 520.5 nm, 521 nm, 521.5 nm, 522 nm and 522.5 nm.
  • the above-described exposure process may be performed consecutively for each of these laser wavelengths or, in other exemplary embodiments, the exposures may be performed substantially simultaneously.
  • Other apparatus for forming a holographic filter region at each specified wavelength is known and could, alternatively, be used.
  • the resultant hologram can be fixed by, for example, a bleaching process.
  • the transmission characteristic (which may alternatively be referred to as the transfer function) of visible electromagnetic radiation incident on the filter 10 is illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the transmission intensity relative to incident radiation intensity is shown on the y-axis and the wavelength of the incident radiation is shown on the x-axis.
  • notches in the transmission characteristic associated with three wavelength bands. These are in particular a 10 nm band centred on 455 nm, a 10 nm band centred on 532 nm and a 10 nm band centred on 650 nm.
  • any three notches from the group consisting of 405 nm, 455 nm, 520 nm, 532 nm, and 650 nm may be selected.
  • notches may be chosen to coincide with any expected laser threat wavelength.
  • the bandwidth may be 5 nm.
  • the intensity of the transmitted radiation is at a minimum and has an optical density of approximately 3, which is equivalent to 0.1° A of the initially incident radiation.
  • the window 200 comprises a transparent substrate 20 a first face of which has been coupled a radiation detector in the form of a detector layer 30 .
  • the substrate 20 , detector layer 30 and filter material 10 can be considered as a stacked multi-layer structure.
  • the detector layer 30 may comprise an array of photodetectors 32 distributed so as to extend substantially across the window 200 .
  • the photodetectors 32 are sufficiently small to be substantially invisible to the casual observer (though in practice there may be some reduction on the VLT %).
  • Each photodetector is electrically connected to a processor module 34 . In some embodiments, including the present one, each photodetector is uniquely connected to a unique port on the processor module 34 .
  • the processor module 34 is, in turn, connected to an alert module 36 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a window 201 as shown in FIG. 4 deployed as a windscreen on a vehicle V, which in this example is an aircraft.
  • a pilot P is positioned behind the windscreen and a laser beam L, having a wavelength of 532 nm, is shown pointing at the windscreen.
  • Laser beam L will have some degree of divergence as the beam propagates through the atmosphere, which will result in a certain ‘spot size’ observed at the windscreen.
  • the window 201 may be used to mitigate the effects of the laser beam L, and alert the pilot to the existence of the laser threat.
  • the laser beam L propagates onto the window 201 it will pass through the substrate 20 and into the detector layer 30 where some laser light will fall on one or more of the photodetectors 32 (depending on spot size).
  • the laser light subsequently propagates from the detector layer 30 and on the filter 10 where the light becomes substantially attenuated.
  • the filter 10 Assuming the filter 10 to have the transmission characteristics shown in FIG. 3 and the laser beam L to be a green laser of 532 nm, the laser beam L will be attenuated to 0.1% of its original intensity.
  • the pilot P is able to look out of the windscreen with a reduced chance of the laser beam L harming his or her sight, or distracting him or her from flying the plane safely.
  • an electrical signal is generated at each illuminated detector 32 and sent to the processing unit 34 .
  • the electrical signals received from the illuminated photodetectors 32 are analysed to confirm or deny the detection of a laser beam.
  • the processing module 36 generates a signal confirming the presence of the laser beam and relays this to the alert module 36 .
  • Each photodetector 32 can have a unique location at the filter, registered with the processor module such that signals from each photodetector 32 can be correlated with a certain location at the filter. Further this location can be correlated with a particular point on the window provided the relationship between the window and the filter is registered at the processing module.
  • the processing module can determine, from detecting which photodetectors are illuminated, not only the presence of a threat but also the general dimensions of the ‘spot’ and where on the window the illumination is occurring. Some information relating to the source of the threat can be derived from such measurements. If embodiments are provided with layers of photodetectors, it may be possible to establish more confident estimates of the threat location.
  • the photodetectors 32 are configured for detecting radiation at the predetermined wavelength or predetermined wavelengths.
  • the photodetector 32 could be configured to send a signal only if 527-537 nm radiation illuminated it. As such the system needs less noise-rejection provisions and/or can provide fewer false positive signals.
  • the alert module Upon receiving the signal confirming the presence of the laser beam, the alert module issues an alert to notify the pilot P (or another operator) of the laser beam.
  • alert could be a visual alert (for instance on an instrument in the cockpit) and/or an audible alert.
  • Such alert could be a signal sent (e.g. by an RF transmitter within the alert module) to a further aircraft or a further element of aerospace infrastructure such as an Air Traffic Control base.
  • the alert will inform as to the existence of the threat and further action (reporting to ground based security personnel, warning other aircraft) can be taken to address or remove the threat.
  • the window 100 may be provided as the windscreen in vehicle V.
  • the window 100 may be provided as the windscreen in vehicle V.
  • the holographic filter 10 will function to attenuate the intensity of the laser beam L and thereby protect the pilot.
  • Table 1 shows, for a 3 W laser with 0.5 mrad beam divergence and no atmospheric loss at various stand-off distances, the calculated minimum optical densities (OD) such that damage to the eye can be avoided by blinking (i.e. damage is negligible at this OD unless exposure is greater than 0.5 s, which is a determined minimum multiplied by a factor of safety of 2), and such that there is enough protection to render negligible the risk of damage from a 10 second exposure. Accordingly suggested ranges for ODs are proposed.
  • the OD values given in Table 1 or Table 2 should be increase in each scenario by 1, or more preferably 1.5 (i.e. and OD of 1 should become and OD of 2 or 2.5 to prevent dazzle).
  • the radiation detector may have the form of a patch arranged in the plane of the filter, or in other words at or near a boundary of the filter.
  • Said patch could comprise an localised photodetector or array thereof and would be interfaced with the processor module and alert module in an equivalent manner. This approach would be suited to contexts where the spot size of the laser was sufficiently large to illuminate the periphery of the window, so that the patch need not be positioned in the operator's view.
  • the window may be comprised by a number of laminar substrates between which could be positioned the filter 10 .
  • the window may be comprised by a number of laminar substrates between which could be positioned the filter and detector.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
US16/087,133 2016-03-24 2017-03-17 Filter for laser protection Abandoned US20190107656A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1604995.9A GB201604995D0 (en) 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Filter
GB1604995.9 2016-03-24
GB1619764.2 2016-11-23
GB1619764.2A GB2548656B (en) 2016-03-24 2016-11-23 Filters for laser protection
PCT/GB2017/050754 WO2017163031A1 (fr) 2016-03-24 2017-03-17 Filtres pour protection laser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190107656A1 true US20190107656A1 (en) 2019-04-11

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ID=56027310

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/087,133 Abandoned US20190107656A1 (en) 2016-03-24 2017-03-17 Filter for laser protection
US16/087,124 Abandoned US20190101675A1 (en) 2016-03-24 2017-03-17 Filter
US16/087,140 Active 2037-05-15 US10845517B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2017-03-20 Filter for laser protection

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/087,124 Abandoned US20190101675A1 (en) 2016-03-24 2017-03-17 Filter
US16/087,140 Active 2037-05-15 US10845517B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2017-03-20 Filter for laser protection

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (3) US20190107656A1 (fr)
EP (3) EP3433646A1 (fr)
GB (5) GB201604995D0 (fr)
WO (5) WO2017163027A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10859435B2 (en) * 2016-12-16 2020-12-08 The Secretary Of State For Defence Method and apparatus for detecting a laser

Families Citing this family (12)

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