US20190006971A1

US20190006971A1 - Controller for power converter

Info

Publication number: US20190006971A1
Application number: US15/636,916
Authority: US
Inventors: Yang Xu; Ryo Iida; Robert D. Lorenz; Yukai WANG
Original assignee: Toshiba Mitsubishi Electric Industrial Systems Corp; Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
Current assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; TMEIC Corp
Priority date: 2017-06-29
Filing date: 2017-06-29
Publication date: 2019-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-29
Also published as: JP7028515B2; JP2019013129A; US10171019B1

Abstract

A controller includes a torque command value calculation module configured to calculate a torque command based on a speed command of the motor, an output voltage controlling module configured to control an output voltage of the power converter based on the torque command calculated by the torque command value calculation module, a voltage command value correcting module configured to correct a voltage command to the power converter based on a measured output voltage from the power converter, a flux estimation module configured to estimate stator flux and rotor flux of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the voltage command by the voltage command value correcting module and a measured current of the stator and a motor speed estimation module configured to estimate a speed of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the flux estimated by the flux estimation module.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a controller for a power converter and a motor driving system.

Background Art

U.S. Pat. No. 9,281,772 B2 discloses a controller for a power converter. The controller can put, on a motor, a brake of good response.
However, in the controller, there is an estimation error of the stator flux of the motor. Consequently, control accuracy is not maintained in a region of low speed of the motor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem. The objective of the present invention is to provide a controller for a power converter and a motor driving system, the controller and the system capable to maintain control accuracy in a region of low speed of the motor.
The features and advantages of the present invention may be summarized as follows.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a controller includes a torque command value calculation module configured to calculate a torque command based on a speed command of the motor, an output voltage controlling module configured to control an output voltage of the power converter based on the torque command calculated by the torque command value calculation module, a voltage command value correcting module configured to correct a voltage command to the power converter based on a measured output voltage from the power converter, a flux estimation module configured to estimate stator flux and rotor flux of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the voltage command by the voltage command value correcting module and a measured current of the stator and a motor speed estimation module configured to estimate a speed of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the flux estimated by the flux estimation module.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a motor driving system includes a power converter configured to drive a motor and the above controller configured to control the power converter.
Other and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will appear more fully from the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a motor system to which a controller for a power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of main sections of the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing an estimate value of the stator flux of the motor in the case where the voltage command value is not corrected by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an estimate value of the stator flux of the motor in the case where the voltage command value is corrected by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing an estimate value of speed of the motor controlled by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an estimate value of speed of the motor controlled by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing an estimate value of speed of the motor controlled by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing comparison of a speed ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a speed ripple in control by back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing comparison of a speed ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a speed ripple in control by a back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing comparison of a speed ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a speed ripple in control by a back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing comparison of a torque command ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a torque command ripple in control by a back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing comparison of a torque command ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a torque command ripple in control by a back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing comparison of a torque command ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention and a torque command ripple in control by a back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing motion control dynamic stiffness of control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a graph showing motion control dynamic stiffness of control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a graph showing motion control dynamic stiffness of control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a graph showing coherence of motion control dynamic stiffness by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a graph showing coherence of motion control dynamic stiffness by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a graph showing coherence of motion control dynamic stiffness by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a graph showing speed of the motor not in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention, but speed of the motor in control by a back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor not in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention, but the torque command of the motor in control by back-EMF tracking method.

FIG. 23 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 27 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 28 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 29 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 30 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 31 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 32 is a graph showing a flux command value in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 33 is a graph showing a flux command value in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 34 is a graph showing a flux command value in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.

FIG. 35 is a hardware configuration diagram of the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in accordance with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference signs. Overlapping description of such parts will be simplified or omitted as appropriate.

First Embodiment

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a motor system to which a controller for a power converter according to an embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied.
In FIG. 1, a motor system 1 includes a motor 2 and a motor driving system 3.
An output part of the motor 2 is connected to an input part of a load machine 4. For example, the load machine 4 is an inertia load.
An input part of the motor driving system 3 is connected to an output part of an AC power supply 5. For example, the AC power supply 5 is a grid.
The motor driving system 3 includes a diode rectifier 6, a capacitor 7, an inverter 8, a first current detector 9 a, a second current detector 9 b, a first voltage detector 10 a, a second voltage detector 10 b and controller 11.
The diode rectifier 6 converts, into DC power, the three-phase AC power supplied from the AC power supply 5.
The capacitor 7 is provided across a DC link on the output side of the diode rectifier 6. The capacitor 7 is used to smooth the DC voltage applied to the DC link.
The inverter 8 is converts the DC power supplied from the diode rectifier 6 into three-phase AC power for driving the induction motor 2. The inverter 8 is a voltage source inverter. The inverter 8 is subjected to variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) control through pulse width modulation (PWM) control.
The power conversion circuit of the inverter 8 is formed of three arms. One of the arms includes an upper arm and a lower arm. The upper and lower arms are each formed of at least one switching element.
The first current detector 9 a is provided at the v-phase of the output side of the inverter 8. The first current detector 9 a detects the v-phase stator current Ivs. The second current detector 9 b is provided at the w-phase of the output side of the inverter 8. The second current detector 9 b detects the v-phase stator current Iws.
The first voltage detector 10 a is provided at the v-phase of the output side of the inverter 8. The first current detector 10 a detects the v-phase stator voltage Vvs. The second voltage detector 10 b is provided at the w-phase of the output side of the inverter 8. The second voltage 10 b detects the v-phase stator voltage Vws.
The first voltage detector 10 a may be provided between the u-phase and the v-phase of the output side of the inverter 8. In this case, the first voltage detector 10 a detects the stator line-to-line voltage Vuv. The second voltage detector 10 b may be provided between the u-phase and the w-phase of the output side of the inverter 8. In this case, the second voltage detector 10 b detects the stator line-to line voltage Vuw.
The controller 11 a speed controller 12, a brake control switching module 13, a DB-DTFC calculation module 14, a first coordinate conversion module 15, PWM controller 16, a second coordinate conversion module 17, a subtraction module 18, a voltage command value correcting module 19, a current/flux estimation module 20 and a speed/phase estimation module 21.
The speed controller 12 calculates the torque command value T_em1*(k) as s torque command value calculation module so that the rotor angular velocity estimate value
_rm-r(k) will follow the rotor angular velocity command value
_r*(k) obtained from an external device.
Here, “k” in the code parenthesis is a variable representing the number of control sampling step. For example, with respect to the torque command value T_em1*(k), the torque command value T_em1*(k−1) is the torque command value in control sampling one step before. “k”s in the following code parenthesis are also variables indicating the number of control sampling steps.
The brake control switching module 13 receives the calculated torque command value T_em1*(k) from the speed controller 12, and receives a preset stator dq-axes flux command value λ_qds1 ^S*(k), a brake preparation flag Fg1 and a brake start flag Fg2. The brake control switching module 13 switches the torque command value T_em*(k) and the stator dq-axes flux command value λ_qds ^S*(k) to the values used during a normal operation and a braking operation based on the brake preparation flag Fg1 and the brake start flag Fg2 obtained from the external device.
Here, “dq-axes” represents the d axis and the q axis orthogonal to each other with the output of the inverter 8 as the reference phase. For example, the stator dq-axes flux command value λ_qds ^S*(k) represents the d-axis component λ_ds ^S*(k) of the stator flux command value and the q-axis component λ_qs ^S*(k) of the stator flux command value. In the following description, symbols with the suffix “qds” are the symbols representing both the d-axis component and the q-axis component.
The DB-DTFC calculation module 14 calculates the stator dq-axes voltage command value V_qds ^S*(k) based on the torque command value T_em1*(k), the stator dq-axes flux command value λ_qds ^S*(k), the stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^S(k) and the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S(k). The DB-DTFC calculation module 14 employs, as a control method, a dead-beat direct torque & flux control (DB-DTFC) method.
The first coordinate conversion module 15 converts the stator dq-axes voltage command value V_qds ^S*(k) into three-phase stator voltage command values V_us*(k), V_vs*(k) and V_ws*(k).
The PWM controller 16 converts the three-phase stator voltage command values V_us*(k), V_vs*(k) and V_ws*(k) into gate pulses for the inverter 8. The PWM controller 16 outputs the gate pulses to the inverter 8.
The second coordinate conversion module 17 converts the stator currents Ivs, Iws into a stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^s(k−1). The second coordinate conversion module 17 converts the stator voltages Vvu, Vwu into a stator dq-axes voltage measured value V_qds ^s(k−1).
Here, the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^s(k−1) and the stator dq-axes voltage measured value V_qds ^s(k−1) are values obtained by converting the actual measurement values by dq transformation. For this reason, these fundamental wave components are averaged.
The subtraction module 18 subtracts the stator dq-axes voltage V_qds ^s(k−1) from the stator dq-axes voltage command value V_qds ^S*(k).
The voltage command value correcting module 19 calculates a corrected voltage command value V_qds _{_} _corrected ^S*(k) by the stator dq-axes voltage command value V_qds ^S*(k) and the calculation result of the subtraction module 18. Specifically, the voltage command value correcting module 19 calculates an error of the actually measured value with respect to the stator dq-axes voltage command value V_qds ^S*(k). On this occasion, the error of the error of the actually measured value is expressed by the following equation (1):
V _qds _{_} _err ^s(k−1)=V _qds ^s*(k−1)−V _qds ^s(k−1) (1)
The corrected voltage command value is expressed by the following equation (2):
V _qds _{_} _corrected ^s*(k)=V _qds ^s*(k)−V _qds _{_} _err ^s(k−1) (2)
In this way, the voltage command value is corrected with a lag by one control period.
The current/flux estimation module 20 calculates the stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^S(k) and the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S(k) as a flux estimation module based on the rotor angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_r(k), the corrected voltage command value └V_qds ^S*(k)−V_qds _{_} _err(k−1)┘ and the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^s(k−1).
The speed/phase estimation module 21 calculates a rotor angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_r(k) and a rotor angular velocity estimate value
_rm-r(k) as a motor speed estimation module based on the torque command value T_em*(k) and a slip frequency estimate value
_sl.
Next, the current/flux estimation module 20 and the speed/phase estimation module 21 will be described with the use of FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the main sections of the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the current/flux estimation module 20 includes a current observer module 22, a first flux estimation module 23 and a second flux estimation module 24.
The current observer module 22 calculates a stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^sin a subsequent control period based on the voltage value (V_qds ^S*−V_qds _{_} _err) corrected by the voltage command value correcting module 19, the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^s, a rotor angular velocity estimated value
_rm-1and a rotor dq-axes) flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S. The stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^sis the output of the second coordinate conversion module 17. The rotor angular velocity estimated value
_rm-1is an output of the speed/phase estimation module 21. The rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^Sis an output of the second flux estimation module 24.
On this occasion, the proportional gain K₃, the integral gain K₄, the estimate value {circumflex over (R)}_eqof the equivalent resistance, the estimate value {circumflex over (L)}_rof the rotor winding inductance, the estimate value {circumflex over (L)}_mof the magnetizing inductance, the rotor resistance {circumflex over (R)}_rand the inertia moment J, the equivalent time constant τ_eq, the control period T and the delay operator z⁻¹are used.
Specifically, the current observer module 22 includes a first block 22 a, a second block 22 b, a third block 22 c, a fourth block 22 d, a fifth block 22 e, a sixth block 22 f, and a seventh block 22 g.
The first block 22 a calculates a value obtained by subtracting the stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^sfrom the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^s. The stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^sis the output of the seventh block 22 g. The output of the first block 22 a is input into the second block 22 b and the third block 22 c. The second block 22 b is a proportional circuit of gain K₃. The third block 22 c is an integrating circuit of gain K₄. The fourth block calculates a complemented value from a rotor angular velocity estimated value
_rm-1and a rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S. The rotor angular velocity estimated value
_rm-1is an output of the speed/phase estimation module 21. The rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^Sis an output of the second flux estimation module 24.
The fourth block 22 d calculates a value obtained by multiplying the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^Sby the transfer coefficient G1 expressed by the following equation (3).
$\begin{matrix} G 1 = \frac{{\hat{L}}_{m}}{{\hat{L}}_{r}} (\frac{{\hat{R}}_{r}}{{\hat{L}}_{r}} - J {\overline{ω}}_{rm - 1}) & (3) \end{matrix}$
The fifth block 22 e calculates a value obtained by adding the voltage command value (V_qds ^S*−V_qds _{_} _err) corrected by the voltage command value correcting module 19, the value calculated by the second block 22 b, the value calculated by the third block 22 c, the value calculated by the fourth block 22 d.
The sixth block 22 f calculates a value obtained by dividing the value calculated by the fifth block 22 e by the estimate value {circumflex over (R)}_eqof the equivalent resistance.
The output of the sixth block 22 f is input into the seventh block 22 g. The seventh block 22 g calculates a transfer function expressed in the equation (4). The seventh block 22 g outputs a stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^s.
$\begin{matrix} G 2 = \frac{z^{- 1} (1 - e^{- T / τ_{eq}})}{1 - z^{- 1} e^{- T / τ_{eq}}} & (4) \end{matrix}$
The stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^sis input into the first block 22 a and the second flux estimation module 24.
The first flux estimation module 23 calculates an rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S*based on the rotor angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rand the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^s. The rotor angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_ris an output of the speed/phase estimation module 21. the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^sis an output of the second coordinate conversion module 17.
On this occasion, the estimate value {circumflex over (L)}_mof the magnetizing inductance of the motor 2, the rotor time constant τ_rof the motor 2, the control period T and the delay operator z⁻¹are used.
Specifically, the first flux estimation module 23 includes a first block 23 a, a second block 23 b, and a third block 23 c.
The first block 23 a converts the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^sto the value of the rotor coordinate system by the rotor angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_r. The output of the first block 23 a is the input of the second block 23 b.
The second block 23 b multiplies the value calculated by the first block 23 a by the transfer function G3 expressed by the following equation (5) to calculate the stator dq-axes flux estimate value of the primary hold.
$\begin{matrix} G 3 = \frac{{\hat{L}}_{m} | (1 - τ_{r} / T + τ_{r} / {Te}^{- T / τ_{r}}) + (τ_{r / T} - τ_{r} / {Te}^{- T / τ^{r}} - e^{- T / τ_{r}}) z^{- 1} |}{1 - (e^{- T / τ_{r}}) z^{- 1}} & (5) \end{matrix}$
The output of the second block 23 b is the input of the third block 23 c. The third block 23 c converts the output of the second block 23 b to the value of the rotor coordinate system by the rotor angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_r. The output of the second block 23 b is the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S*. The rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S*is input into second flux estimation module 24.
The second flux estimation module 24 calculates a stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^Sand a rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^Sin a subsequent control period based on the voltage command value (V_qds ^S*−V_qds _{_} _err) corrected by the voltage command value correcting module 19, the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^soutput of the second coordinate conversion module 17, the stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^sestimated by the current observer module 22, the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S*estimated by the first flux estimation module 23. On this occasion, the proportional gain K₁, the integral gain K₂, the estimate value {circumflex over (R)}_sof the stator resistance, the leakage factor σ, the estimate value {circumflex over (L)}_rof the rotor winding inductance, the estimate value of {circumflex over (L)}_sof the stator winding inductance, the estimate value {circumflex over (L)}_mof the magnetizing inductance, the control period T and the delay operator z⁻¹are used.
Specifically, the second flux estimation module 24 includes a first block 24 a, a second block 24 b, a third block 24 c, a fourth block 24 d, a fifth block 24 e, a sixth block 24 f, a seventh block 24 g, and a eighth block 24 h, a ninth block 24 i, and a tenth block 24 j.
The first block 24 a calculates a value of the voltage drop by multiplying the stator dq-axes current measured value i_qds ^sby the estimate value {circumflex over (R)}_sof the stator resistance. The second block 24 b subtracts the rotor dq-axes flux estimate {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^Swhich is the output of the tenth block 24 j from the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S*. The third block 24 c calculates a value obtained by subtracting the value calculated by the first block 24 a from the voltage command value (V_qds ^S*−V_qds _{_} _err) corrected by the voltage command value correcting module 19.
The fourth block 24 d, the fifth block 24 e, and the sixth block 24 f function as a transition frequency determination unit 24 k. The transition frequency determining unit 24 k determines the transition frequency between the first flux estimation module 23 and the second flux estimation module 24.
Specifically, the fourth block 24 d calculates a value obtained by multiplying the value calculated by the second block 24 b by the proportional gain K₁.
The fifth block 24 e is an integrating circuit of gain K₂. The fifth block 24 e calculates an integral of the output of the fourth block 24 d.
The sixth block 24 f calculates a value of the input voltage of the motor 2 by adding the value calculated by the third block 24 c, the value calculated by the fourth block 24 d and the value calculated by the fifth block 24 e.
The seventh block 24 g calculates the stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^Sby integrating the output of the sixth block 24 f.
The eighth block 24 h calculates a value obtained by multiplying the stator dq-axes current estimate value î_qds ^sby the factor G4 expressed by the following equation (6).
G4=σ{circumflex over (L)} _s (6)
The ninth block 24 i calculates a value obtained by subtracting the value calculated by the eighth block 24 h from the stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^Scalculated by the seventh block 24 g.
The tenth block 24 j multiplies the value calculated by the ninth block 24 i by the factor G5 expressed by the following equation (7) to calculate the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qdr ^S.
$\begin{matrix} G 5 = \frac{{\hat{L}}_{r}}{{\hat{L}}_{m}} & (7) \end{matrix}$
For example, in the case where the frequency of the rotor flux of the motor 2 is lower than the transition frequency, the first flux estimation module 23 is dominant. For example, in the case where the frequency of the rotor flux of the motor 2 is higher than the transition frequency, the second flux estimation module 24 is dominant. As a result, the rotor dq-axes flux estimate value is accurately calculated.
The speed/phase estimation module 21 includes a phase estimation module 25, a slip angle estimation module 26, a flux vector rotation module 27, a phase error estimation module 28 and a speed and position observing module 29.
The phase estimation module 25 calculates an estimate value e^jθ, of a phase of the flux vector of the motor 2 from the stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^Scalculated by the current/flux estimation module 20. For example, the phase of flux vector can be the phase of the stator flux vector calculated by the current/flux estimation module 20. The stator dq-axes flux estimate value {circumflex over (λ)}_qds ^Swhich is the output of the current/flux estimation module 20 is input into phase estimation module 25. In particular, the phase estimation module 25 calculates an estimate value e^jθ, of a phase of the stator flux vector of the motor 2 by the following equation (8).
$\begin{matrix} e^{j θ_{e}} = \frac{| {\hat{λ}}_{qd} | e^{j θ_{e}}}{| {\hat{λ}}_{qd} e^{j θ_{e}} |} & (8) \end{matrix}$
An estimate value
_slof a slip frequency of the motor 2 is calculated with the circuitry not shown and is input to the slip angle estimation module 26. The estimate value
_slof the slip frequency is calculated using the following equation (9).
$\begin{matrix} {\hat{ω}}_{sl} = \frac{L_{s} (i_{qs}^{e} + {στ}_{r} \frac{{di}_{qs}^{e}}{dt})}{τ_{r} (λ_{ds}^{e} - σ L_{s} i_{ds}^{e})} & (9) \end{matrix}$
The slip angle estimation module 26 calculates a slip angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_sl. The slip angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_slis calculated by integrating the estimate value
_slof the slip frequency. The flux vector rotation module 27 calculates an rotor electrical angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rbased on estimate value e^jθ, of a phase of the flux vector calculated by the phase estimation module 25 and the slip angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_slcalculated by the slip angle estimation module 26.
The phase error estimation module 28 calculates an estimate value θ_errof rotor electrical angle error is by performing a cross product of the two rotor electrical angles calculated by the flux vector rotation module 27 and the speed and position observing module 29.
The speed and position observing module 29 calculates rotor angular estimate values
_em-1,
_em-r, an mechanical angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rm, electrical angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rbased on the estimate value θ_errcalculated by phase error estimation module 28.
Specifically, The speed and position observing module 29 includes a first block 29 a, a second block 29 b, a third block 29 c, a fourth block 29 d, a fifth block 29 e, a seventh block 29 f, an eighth block 29 g, and a ninth block 29 h and a tenth block 29 i.
The first block 29 a is an integrating circuit of gain K_i0. The first block 29 a calculates an integral of the estimate value θ_errcalculated by phase error estimation module 28.
The second block 29 b corrects the estimated value θ_errestimated by the phase error estimation module 28 by multiplying the estimated value θ)_errestimated by the phase error estimation module 28 and the gain K_so.
The third block 29 c corrects the estimated value θ_errestimated by the phase error estimation module 28 by multiplying the estimated value θ_errestimated by the phase error estimation module 28 and the gain b_o.
The fourth block 29 d calculates a value obtained by adding the value calculated by the first block 29 a and the value calculated by the second block 29 b.
The fifth block 29 e calculates a value obtained by adding the value calculated by the fourth block 28 d and the torque command value T_em*.
The seventh block 29 g calculates a rotor mechanical angular velocity estimate value
_rm-1. The seventh block 29 g is an integrating circuit. The seventh block 29 g calculates an integral of the output of the sixth block 29 f.
The eighth block 29 h calculates the speed correction value by dividing the value calculated by the third block 29 c by the estimated value Ĵ_pof the moment of inertia.
The ninth block 29 i calculates a rotor mechanical angular velocity estimate value
_rm-rby adding the rotor mechanical angular velocity estimate value
_rm-1calculated by the seventh block 29 g and the speed correction value obtained by the eighth block 29 h.
The tenth block 29 j calculates a rotor mechanical angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rm. The tenth block 29 j is an integrating circuit. The seventh block 29 g calculates an integral of the rotor mechanical angular velocity estimate value
_rm-r.
The eleventh block 29 k calculates the rotor electrical angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rby dividing the value obtained by multiplying the rotor mechanical angle estimate value {circumflex over (θ)}_rmcalculated by the tenth block 29 j by the number of poles P of the motor 2 by 2.
Next, an estimate value of flux of the stator of the motor 2 will be described with use of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an estimate value of the stator flux of the motor in the case where the voltage command is not corrected by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a graph showing an estimate value of the stator flux of the motor in the case where the voltage command is corrected by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, in the case where the voltage command is corrected, distortion of the estimate value of the stator flux of the motor 2 is reduced. As a result, in the case where the voltage command is corrected, the stator flux of the motor 2 is more accurately estimated.
Next, the estimated speed of the motor 2 will be described with the use of FIG. 5 to FIG. 7.
FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 are graphs showing the estimated speed of the motor controlled by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7, in any load condition from 0 to 1.0 pu, the lowest speed of the motor 2 is 0.01 pu. As a result, the operating range in control by the controller 9 is significantly extended.
Next, speed ripple and torque command ripple will be described with use of FIG. 8 to FIG. 13.
FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 are graphs showing comparison of a speed ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a speed ripple in control by back-EMF tracking method. FIG. 11 to FIG. 13 are graphs showing comparison of a torque command ripple in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention and a speed ripple in control by a back-EMF tracking method.
In control by the controller, there is less ripple in the estimated speed compared with the back-EMF tracking method. Thus, there is less ripple in the torque command.
As speed of the motor 2 decreases, the speed ripple and the torque command ripple using the back-EMF tracking method increases rapidly as the signal to ratio is worse at lower speeds. On the contrary, the speed ripple and the torque command ripple in control by the controller 9 do not increase too much as speed decreases.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 8 to FIG. 10, control by the controller 9 reduces the speed ripple compared with the back-EMF tracking method.
For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11 to FIG. 13, control by the controller 9 reduces the torque command ripple compared with the back-EMF tracking method.
As a result, the operating range in control by the controller 9 is largely extended compared with the back-EMF tracking method.
Next, dynamic stiffness by the controller 9 will be described with the use of FIG. 14 to FIG. 19.
FIG. 14 to FIG. 16 are graphs showing the motion control dynamic stiffness of control by the controller for the power converter according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 17 to FIG. 19 are graphs showing the coherence of the motion control dynamic stiffness by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 14 to FIG. 19, the dynamic stiffness is good in 0.01 pu speed of the motor 2 for 0-0.8 pu load conditions. As a result, the tracking for the stator flux of the motor 2 is easier.
Next, the cross zero speed operation will be described with the use of FIG. 20 to FIG. 25.
FIG. 20 is a graph showing speed of the motor not in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention but speed of the motor in control by a back-EMF tracking method. FIG. 21 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 22 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor not in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention but load torque of the motor in control by a back-EMF tracking method. FIG. 23 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 24 is a graph showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 25 is a graph showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 20 to FIG. 21, speed command values change from 0.05 pu to −0.05 pu to 0.05 pu with acceleration rate 0.084 pu/s. As illustrated in FIG. 20 to FIG. 21, the cross zero speed operation in control by the controller 9 is smooth compared with control by a back-EMF tracking method.
In FIG. 22 and FIG. 25, speed command values change from 0.01 pu to −0.01 pu to 0.01 pu with an acceleration rate of 0.034 pu/s. As illustrated in FIG. 22 and FIG. 25, the cross zero speed operation in control by the controller 9 is comparatively smooth with a very small acceleration rate.
Next, the operation under a step load torque change of motor 2 will be described with the use of FIG. 26 to FIG. 34.
FIG. 26 to FIG. 28 are graphs showing the torque command of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change. FIG. 29 to FIG. 31 are graphs showing speed of the motor in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change. FIG. 32 to FIG. 34 are graphs showing a flux command value in control by the controller for the power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention under a step load torque change.
As illustrated in FIG. 26 to FIG. 28, the torque command changes from 0.4 pu to 0.7 pu when the load torque increases.
As illustrated in FIG. 29 to FIG. 31, the speed of the motor 2 reduces at the moment when the load torque is stepped up, but the speed of the motor 2 tracks the speed command value after short time.
As illustrated in FIG. 32 to FIG. 34, a flux command value of a stator of the motor 2 is calculated online according to the estimated speed and the load torque conditions to achieve a minimum steady state loss. For example, at a low load torque, the flux command value is small to reduce the total loss. For example, at a high load torque, the flux command value increases.
According to the embodiment 1 described above, the estimate value of the stator flux of the motor 2 is calculated by the corrected voltage command value. Accordingly, the estimation accuracy of a speed of the motor 2 drastically improves. As a result, it is possible to maintain control accuracy in a region of low speed of the motor 2.
Further, the current/flux estimation module 18 includes the current observer module 20, the first flux estimation module 21 and the second flux estimation module 22. Accordingly, it is possible to calculate the estimate value of the stator flux and rotor flux of the motor 2 more accurately.
Further, the torque of the motor 2 is estimated based on the estimate value of the stator flux and rotor flux. Accordingly, it is possible to calculate the estimate value of the torque of the motor 2 more accurately.
Next, an example of the controller with the use of FIG. 35.
FIG. 35 is a hardware configuration diagram of the controller for a power converter according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As illustrated in FIG. 35, each function of the controller 9 is executed by the processing circuit. The processing circuit includes a processor 30 a and a memory 30 b.
For example, the processor 30 a is a central processing unit (CPU), e.g., a central processing device, a processing device, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a processor or a digital signal processor (DSP).
For example, the memory 30 b is a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM, or magnetic disk, flexible disk, optical disk, compact disk, mini-disk or DVD.
In the processing circuit, a program stored in the memory 30 b is executed by the processor 30 a.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims

1. (canceled)

2. A controller for a power converter configured to drive a motor, the controller comprising:

a torque command value calculation module configured to calculate a torque command value based on a speed command value of the motor;

an output voltage controlling module configured to control an output voltage of the power converter based on the torque command value calculated by the torque command value calculation module;

a voltage command value correcting module configured to correct a voltage command value to the power converter based on the measured output voltage from the power converter;

a flux estimation module configured to calculate estimate values of the stator flux and rotor flux of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the voltage command value corrected by the voltage command value correcting module and a measured current value of the stator; and

a motor speed estimation module configured to calculate an estimate value of a speed of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the estimate value calculated by the flux estimation module,

wherein the flux estimation module further comprises:

a current observing module configured to calculate an estimate value of the stator current in a subsequent control period based on the voltage command value corrected by the voltage command value correcting module and the measured stator current value;

a first flux estimation module configured to calculate an estimate value of the rotor flux of the motor based on an estimate value of an electrical angle of the motor and the measured stator current value; and

a second flux estimation module configured to calculate estimate values of the stator flux and rotor flux in a subsequent control period based on the voltage command value corrected by the voltage command value correcting module, the estimate value calculated by the current observing module and the measured stator current value.

3. A controller for a power converter configured to drive a motor, the controller comprising:

wherein the motor speed estimation module is configured to calculate an estimate value of a phase of a flux vector based on the estimate value calculated by the flux estimation module and calculate an estimate value of the speed of the motor in a subsequent control period based on the estimate value of the phase of the flux vector.

4. A motor drive system comprising:

a power converter configured to drive a motor; and

the controller according to claim 2, the controller configured to control the power converter.