US20180352907A1

US20180352907A1 - Shoes with orthotic arch support

Info

Publication number: US20180352907A1
Application number: US16/005,959
Authority: US
Inventors: Hayim Vitali Kazes
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-06-13
Filing date: 2018-06-12
Publication date: 2018-12-13

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to the formation of the curvature of an orthotic arch support inclined shoe, such as a sneaker or a high-heeled shoe, using a shoe last. A shoe last includes a heel height and a sole having an arch. The arch is defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch. The middle arch is defined by a first formula and lateral and inner arches are defined by a second formula. In particular, the shoes and shoe lasts of the present disclosure preserve the healthy, stable positioning of individuals with normal arches, and convert the pronation, or supination positioning of individuals with flat feet or high arches to a stable position afforded by normal arches. This allows a comfortable gait in a natural anatomical position and balances the weight center of the body.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/518,805, filed Jun. 13, 2017, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to shoes, and more particularly, shoes having orthotic arch support structure.

BACKGROUND

Each foot contains bones, muscles, and ligaments. Each foot also includes an arch, sometimes called the longitudinal arch. Along with supporting ligaments and tendons, the arch is comprised of the tarsal and metatarsal bones. The arch plays a major role in the special relationships among the foot bones and is flexible to a certain degree. The most important characteristic of the arch is that it absorbs pressure created on the foot by movement, such as walking or running, to prevent injury to the calf, knee, hip and lower back.
Foot types are generally divided into three basic classes: flat foot (pes planus or pronation), normal arch—(neutral), and high arch (pes cavus or supination).
As seen in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4A, in a normal arch, the medial part “M” of the foot “F” does not contact the ground “G” when standing.
By comparison, as seen in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4B, a flat foot or pes planus is the collapse of the arch of the foot “F” such that the medial part “M” of the foot “F” makes contact with the ground “G” when standing, shifting weight to the heel “H” of the foot “F.” Pes planus may be visible from birth, but is not always a congenital condition. Pes planus can develop later in life as a result of flexed or torn tendons, injury or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon (which binds the lower leg from ankle to the mid-portion of the arch), fractured or dislocated bones, health conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, or nerve injuries, as well some risk factors such as aging, pregnancy, gain of weight in excessive amounts and/or excessive use of the ordinary high heel shoes.
The main cause of flat feet in adults is the degeneration of, and loss of function in, the tendon named tibialis posterior, which attaches to the bone just at the peak of the medial arch. This tendon supports the arch of the foot almost like the post of a tent. When this tendon stops operating as required, the arch of the foot starts to collapse just like a tent collapses. Persons with flat feet have difficulties in their daily activities as their bodies become worn out because of continuous pain in their feet, knees, hips and/or lower backs.
Also by comparison, and as seen in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4C, a high arch foot or pes cavus puts an excessive amount of weight on the ball “B” and heel “H” of the foot “F” when walking or standing. A high arch foot can develop at any age, with one or both feet, and can lead to a variety of signs and symptoms, such as pain and instability. Some common symptoms are hammer toes (bent or curled downward instead of pointing forward), claw toes (toes bending into a claw position), calluses on the ball, side or heel of the foot, and pain when standing or walking. The instability of the foot is due to the heel tilting inward, and thus can lead to ankle sprains.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to a shoe last. The shoe last includes a heel height and a sole having an arch. The arch defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch. The middle arch is defined by the formula f(x)=(T/150)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3). The lateral and inner arches are defined by the formula f(x)=(T/140)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3),

- wherein variable x provides alignment of an inflection peak point of a respective one of the arches based upon the heel height,
- wherein T is an arch length, and
- wherein p1=−0.01408, p2=0.09223, and p3=7.537.

In some embodiments, the shoe last may be configured for a high-heeled shoe.
In certain embodiments, the shoe last is configured for a sneaker.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a shoe may be formed of the shoe last. The shoe may be a high-heeled shoe or a sneaker.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a shoe last includes a heel height and a sole. The sole has an arch defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch. The middle arch is defined by a first formula and the lateral and inner arches are defined by a second formula different than the first formula.
In embodiments, the first formula may be f(x)=(T/150)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3), wherein variable x provides horizontal alignment of an inflection peak point of a respective one of the arches based upon the heel height, wherein T is arch length, and wherein p1, p2, and p3 are different coefficients.
In some embodiments, the second formula is f(x)=(T/140)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3).
According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, a shoe last includes a heel height and a sole having an arch. The arch is defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch, wherein the middle arch is defined by a first formula and one or both of the lateral and inner arches are defined by a second formula different than the first formula.
Other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims that follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with a general description of the disclosure given above, and the detailed description given below, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side view of a normal arched left foot;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a flat left foot;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a high arch left foot;

FIG. 4A is a rear view of a normal arched right foot;

FIG. 4B is a rear view of a flat right foot and illustrating pronation thereof;

FIG. 4C is a rear view of a high arch right foot and illustrating supination thereof;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of one embodiment of an orthotic shoe last for a left foot;

FIGS. 6 and 7 are side, perspective views of another embodiment of an orthotic shoe last for a right foot;

FIG. 8 is a rear view of the orthotic shoe last of FIGS. 6 and 7;

FIG. 9 is a bottom view of the orthotic shoe last of FIGS. 6-8;

FIG. 10 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of a rear portion of one embodiment of an orthotic shoe for a left foot;

FIG. 10A is a side view of a portion of the orthotic shoe of FIG. 10 supporting a left foot;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an orthotic shoe for a right foot with a portion of the orthotic shoe removed for clarity;

FIG. 12 is a rear view of still another embodiment of an orthotic shoe for a right foot;

FIG. 13 is a side view of a skeleton wearing ordinary high-heeled shoes, the skeleton positioned in its most vertically balanced position achievable with the ordinary high-heeled shoes;

FIG. 14 is a front view illustrating pronation of a left leg wearing the ordinary high-heeled shoes of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a side view illustrating a skeleton wearing orthotic support high-heeled shoes of the present disclosure, the skeleton positioned in its most vertically balanced position achievable with the orthotic support high-heeled shoes of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 is a front view illustrating a left leg with a pronated or neutral foot wearing the orthotic support high-heeled shoes of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is front view illustrating a left leg with a supinated foot wearing the orthotic support high-heeled shoes of FIG. 15; and

FIGS. 18-20 are graphs for determining arch profiles for shoe lasts and shoes of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Particular embodiments of the present disclosure are described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the present disclosure in unnecessary detail.
The present disclosure is generally directed to the formation of the curvature of an orthotic arch support inclined shoe, such as a sneaker or a high-heeled shoe, using a shoe last. A shoe last is a solid form, usually made of wood or plastic that represents the anatomical information of a foot. The curvature for such shoes and shoe lasts are built on changes in tangent values of the inner arch, the middle arch and the lateral arch of the shoe last.
Upon reviewing the curvature of the shoe last for the orthotic arch support inclined sneaker and high-heel shoes, the area representing the lateral arch of the shoe last (in other words, the foot) has the lowest tangent values, as compared to the arch at the middle portion and the inner arch (that is, the area representing the hollow part of the foot).
For instance, if 236 mm is the total foot length, the lateral arch and the inner arch length varies between 130 mm and 140 mm (See FIG. 9, Point A to B). The middle arch length varies between 140 mm and 150 mm in the high-heel orthotic invention (See FIG. 9, Point A to B). With the arch in the middle part of the orthotic high-heel shoe last, the tangent values display increases, as compared to the tangent values of the lateral arch. Finally, the part of the shoe last of the orthotic high-heeled shoes matching with the inner arch of the foot again displays an increase, and it has the highest tangent values.
From the lateral arch of the reference point towards the inner arch, the arch of the feet with the normal arch is filled, because of the gradual increase of the tangent values towards the inner arch of the orthotic shoe last. For individuals with flat feet (pronation) (FIGS. 2, 4B), it creates “hollowness” in the arch area. Individuals with normal arches (FIGS. 1, 4A) are able to preserve their natural anatomic positions, and walk in suitable positions. The pronation position in individuals with flat feet is changed to the neutral position (FIGS. 4B, 4A, 16). In conclusion, the healthy, suitable position in individuals wearing the orthotic high-heel shoes invention will be preserved, and the gravity center of the body will be provided with perfect balance (FIGS. 15, 16, 17). This allows a comfortable gait in the anatomy at rest and in motion. It has an orthopedically correct incline for the orthotic arch support high-heeled shoes. This is the same as when a person is wearing orthotic arch support flats.
The lateral arch and inner arch length varies between 130 mm and 140 mm in the high heel orthotic invention for a total foot length of 236 mm (FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). The lateral arch and inner arch lengths are 10 mm shorter than the middle arch length, because of the foot's heel shape, which is round. The middle arch length varies between 140 mm and 150 mm in the sneaker and high heel orthotic invention, with 230 mm as the total foot length (FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9).
Given the diversity of arch lengths in individuals across the globe, shoe and shoe last arch lengths also vary widely across the globe. Differences in arch length can be attributed to at least the following:

- 1) High-heel or wedge shoes with varying designs, such as open back/closed back sandals, open back/closed back boots, open back/closed back pumps, open back/closed back sneakers;
- 2) The loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, as the medial part starts to have contact with the ground and shifts the heel to the back. This is normally present in individuals with flat feet (FIG. 2);
- 3) The back shift of the heel in individuals in whom the Achilles tendon “S” shape curve is deformed; and
- 4) Variations in the lengths of metatarsal and tarsal bones with ethnical, genetic or varying foot types.

With ordinary, non-orthotic high heels 99 (see FIG. 13), every inch of heel height puts stress and pressure on the ball of the foot. One inch equals 22% greater stress on the ball of the foot than flats cause. 3-inch heels put 76% greater pressure on the ball of the foot (FIGS. 13, 14).
As seen in FIGS. 15-17, the orthotic support provided by the shoes and shoe lasts of present disclosure (e.g., shoe 2×), which are formed with tangent variables and formulas disclosed herein, reveal a stability and usefulness not present in ordinary non-orthotic shoes such as sneakers, high heels, or the like. In particular, the shoes and shoe lasts of the present disclosure preserve the healthy, stable positioning of individuals with normal arches, and converts the pronation, or supination positioning of individuals with flat feet or high arches to the stable positioning afforded by normal arches.
With reference to FIGS. 4-9, one embodiment of a shoe last (or mold that is utilized to form inner contours of a shoe) is generally referred to as 1 and includes a sole “SL” having a heel “H” at a proximal portion thereof and a ball “B” at a distal portion thereof. Shoe last 1 includes an arch “AR” that connects heel “H” and ball “B” together. Arch “AR” is defined by a lateral arch 3, a middle arch 4, and an inner arch 5. Lateral arch 3 extends along an outer portion of arch “AR” of shoe last 1, inner arch 5 extends along an inner portion of arch “AR” of shoe last 1, and middle arch 4 extends centrally between lateral arch 3 and inner arch 5.
The shoes and shoe lasts of the present disclosure can be provided in accordance with the following:
Utilizing points A and B of respective inner, middle, or lateral arches as reference points, the example tables below provide peak points (Tangent values in degrees) where the curvature of these respective arches realize their bending points.

1 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 1

inner arch	−1.047°	1.373°
middle arch	−1.856°	1.091°
lateral arch	−1.659°	1.008°

2 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 2

inner arch	−1.162°	1.460°
middle arch	−1.940°	1.169°
lateral arch	−1.711°	1.101°

3 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 3

inner arch	−1.241°	1.581°
middle arch	−2.033°	1.222°
lateral arch	−1.864°	1.196°

4 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 4

inner arch	−1.354°	1.659°
middle arch	−2.157°	1.357°
lateral arch	−1.952°	1.321°

5 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 5

inner arch	−1.402°	1.765°
middle arch	−2.221°	1.562°
lateral arch	−2.017°	1.517°

6 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 6

inner arch	−1.582°	1.863°
middle arch	−2.361°	1.774°
lateral arch	−2.159°	1.674°

7 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 7

inner arch	−1.646°	1.977°
middle arch	−2.434°	1.875°
lateral arch	−2.226°	1.781°

8 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 8

inner arch	−1.709°	2.286°
middle arch	−2.508°	2.080°
lateral arch	−2.311°	1.963°

9 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 9

inner arch	−1.822°	2.573°
middle arch	−2.630°	2.321°
lateral arch	−2.428°	2.200°

10 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 10

inner arch	−1.922°	2.713°
middle arch	−2.730°	2.440°
lateral arch	−2.528°	2.413°

11 cm Heel Height Tangent Degree Values for Points A and B:

TABLE 11

inner arch	−2.040°	2.879°
middle arch	−2.890°	2.642°
lateral arch	−2.677°	2.534°

When the horizontal projections of the values for the inner arch were taken into account, they showed a shift backwards as the heel height of the inflection increase. Heel height and horizontal projection of the inflection peak point can be expressed with the following formula: f(x)=p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3. Here, variable x gives horizontal alignment of inflection peak point for different heel heights where coefficient p1=−0.01408, coefficient p2=0.09223, and coefficient p3=7.537.
For shoes that have heel heights ranging from about one centimeters to eleven centimeters from ground, in one cm increments, the following tables comprise the angular arches for shoe lasts that correspond to such shoes, as measured from point A (e.g., from a rear of the shoe at the terminus of the arch along the shoe last) to point B (e.g. at the ball of the shoe last). The heel height values for one centimeter and eleven centimeter are respective minimums and maximums within the range of possible deviation. The range may be extended similarly over the various distance points. The inner arches, the middle arches and the lateral arches for heel heights other than the one cm increments between the about one to eleven centimeters are extrapolated therein.

1 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 12

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	5.8°	6.2°	5.9°
20	mm	8.3°	8.1°	8.2°
30	mm	9.5°	9.4°	9.3°
40	mm	9.9°	9.7°	9.1°
50	mm	8.5°	9.4°	5.7°
60	mm	4.6°	5.1°	2.4°
70	mm	−0.8°	1.5°	1.9°
80	mm	−1.1°	−0.2°	0.6°
90	mm	−2.4°	−0.7°	−1.7°
100	mm	−7.1°	−2.5°	−6.4°
110	mm	−9.3°	−5.3°	−9.4°
120	mm	−9.7°	−9.2°	−8.8°
130	mm	−7.6°	−8.7°	−6.7°
140	mm	−4.1°	−8.2°	−3.3°
150	mm		−4.1°

2 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 13

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	6.4°	6.6°	6.1°
20	mm	9.1°	8.7°	8.1°
30	mm	11.5°	10.7°	11.4°
40	mm	11.1°	11.3°	9.9°
50	mm	9.2°	10.1°	6.5°
60	mm	5.5°	6.7°	2.7°
70	mm	0.3°	2.2°	1.8°
80	mm	−1.3°	0.1°	0.5°
90	mm	−3.7°	−0.8°	−2.8°
100	mm	−8.4°	−3.0°	−7.3°
110	mm	−10.5°	−6.9°	−10.1°
120	mm	−11.6°	−11.1°	−9.2°
130	mm	−8.8°	−10.3°	−7.0°
140	mm	−4.8	−8.7°°	−3.9°
150	mm		−4.4°

3 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 14

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	7.1°	7.0°	6.7°
20	mm	10.1°	9.3°	9.8°
30	mm	11.8°	11.1°	11.4°
40	mm	12.3°	12.2°	10.1°
50	mm	10.4°	10.8°	7.7°
60	mm	6.6°	7.3°	3.6°
70	mm	1.3°	3.3°	1.6°
80	mm	−1.5°	0.6°	−0.1°
90	mm	−4.9°	−1.1°	−3.2°
100	mm	−9.9°	−4.1°	−8.3°
110	mm	−11.2°	−8.8°	−11.3°
120	mm	−12.4°	−12.0°	−10.6°
130	mm	−9.8°	−11.4°	−7.9°
140	mm	−5.5°	−9.2°	4.3°
150	mm		−4.9°

4 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 15

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	7.4°	7.5°	6.9°
20	mm	16.4°	10.9°	14.7°
30	mm	18.2°	15.2°	16.1°
40	mm	13.1°	16.8°	10.6°
50	mm	11.1°	11.3°	8.2°
60	mm	7.5°	8.5°	4.3°
70	mm	2.7°	4.5°	0.9°
80	mm	−2.2°	1.1°	−0.9°
90	mm	−6.6°	−1.3°	−4.9°
100	mm	−11.4°	−5.3°	−9.9°
110	mm	−14.7°	−10.2°	−12.2°
120	mm	−15.7°	−13.5°	12.9°
130	mm	−10.4°	−13.2°	−8.7°
140	mm	−6.1°	−9.8°	−5.1°
150	mm		−5.2°

5 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 16

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	7.8°	7.6°	7.2°
20	mm	17.4°	11.5°	16.9°
30	mm	18.9°	17.1°	16.3°
40	mm	14.1°	16.9°	11.8°
50	mm	11.9°	12.9°	9.1°
60	mm	8.5°	9.5°	5.3°
70	mm	3.7°	6.1°	0.8°
80	mm	−2.8°	2.1°	−1.9°
90	mm	−8°	−2.3°	−6°
100	mm	−13.7°	−7.6°	−11.9°
110	mm	−15.7°	−12.4°	−13.9°
120	mm	−16.8°	−14.4°	−15.1°
130	mm	−11.4°	−15.7°	−9.3°
140	mm	−6.4°	−10.1°	−5.5°
150	mm		−5.9°

6 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 17

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	7.9°	7.7°	7.3°
20	mm	19.3°	11.7°	17.9°
30	mm	20.4°	18°	16.9°
40	mm	14.9°	17.4°	13.7°
50	mm	13°	14.2°	11.9°
60	mm	9.9°	12.6°	7.3°
70	mm	4.3°	7.9°	0.1°
80	mm	−3.7°	1.4°	−2.1°
90	mm	−11°	−2.5°	−9.4°
100	mm	−15.6°	−10.7°	−14°
110	mm	−16.4°	−14.8°	−15.2°
120	mm	−17.3°	−16.1°	−16.4°
130	mm	−11.9°	−16.9°	−10.5°
140	mm	−6.7°	−10.8°	−5.6°
150	mm		−6.5°

7 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 18

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	8.2°	7.8°	7.5°
20	mm	21.1°	11.8°	19.9°
30	mm	23.5°	20.2°	21.6°
40	mm	15.7°	22.3°	13.8°
50	mm	14.5°	14.4°	11.1°
60	mm	10.9°	12.4°	7°
70	mm	5.4°	7.6°	−0.2°
80	mm	−4.4°	2.1°	−2.8°
90	mm	−11.5°	−3.4°	−9.8°
100	mm	−16.3°	−10.9°	−14.8°
110	mm	−17°	−15.1°	−15.5°
120	mm	−18.8°	−16.2°	−16.9°
130	mm	−12.5°	−17.7°	−10.9°
140	mm	−6.9°	−11.2°	−6.3°
150	mm		−6.8°

8 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 19

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	8.4°	8.1°	7.9°
20	mm	22.9°	12.7°	20.8°
30	mm	24.3°	21.4°	22.1°
40	mm	16.8°	22.6°	14.9°
50	mm	13.5°	15.1°	9.8°
60	mm	11.6°	10.1°	6.1°
70	mm	6.1°	7°	−2.1°
80	mm	−5.7°	2.3°	−3.8°
90	mm	−12.5°	−4.8°	−9.2°
100	mm	−17.2°	−10.6°	−14.9°
110	mm	−18.1°	−15.8°	−16.6°
120	mm	−19.1°	−17.2°	−17.7°
130	mm	−13.3°	−18.1°	−11.1°
140	mm	−7.1°	−11.6°	−6.8°
150	mm		−6.9°

9 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 20

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	8.5°	8.2°	8.1°
20	mm	23.7°	12.9°	21.7°
30	mm	25.4°	22.3°	23.1°
40	mm	18.2°	23.6°	16.2°
50	mm	17.7°	16.9°	14.6°
60	mm	12.7°	15.9°	6.9°
70	mm	6.5°	8.1°	−3.5°
80	mm	−6.5°	2.5°	−5.1°
90	mm	−14°	−5.7°	−11.9°
100	mm	−19.9°	−12.7°	−16.5°
110	mm	−21.4°	−17.6°	−18.3°
120	mm	−22.7°	−19.7°	−17.7°
130	mm	−14.1°	−18.4°	−11.6°
140	mm	−7.7°	−12.4°	−7°
150	mm		−7.2°

10 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 21

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	8.7°	8.4°	8.3°
20	mm	25.2°	13.2°	23.3°
30	mm	27.5°	23.9°	25.1°
40	mm	21.4°	25.8°	20°
50	mm	18.8°	20.6°	15.7°
60	mm	13.2°	16.9°	7.3°
70	mm	6.9°	8.2°	−3.9°
80	mm	−7.5°	2.6°	−6.1°
90	mm	−15.7°	−6.4°	−13°
100	mm	−20.2°	−13.7°	−17.7°
110	mm	−23.4°	−18.3°	−21.9°
120	mm	−24.7°	−22°	−22.8°
130	mm	−15.4°	−23.1°	−12.8°
140	mm	−8.3°	−13.7°	−7.2°
150	mm		−7.5°

11 cm Heel Height Tangent Degrees

TABLE 22

Arch	inner	middle	lateral

10	mm	8.8°	8.6°	8.4°
20	mm	26.7°	14°	24.3°
30	mm	28.9°	25.2°	25.1°
40	mm	23.1°	26.8°	20.6°
50	mm	19.4°	21.3°	16.7°
60	mm	13.9°	17.2°	7.7°
70	mm	7.1°	8.4°	−4.4°
80	mm	−8.9°	2.9°	−7.5°
90	mm	−17°	−7.8°	−15.2°
100	mm	−21.2°	−15.9°	−19.8°
110	mm	−24.4°	−20.3°	−22.6°
120	mm	−25°	−23.1°	−23.1°
130	mm	−16.5°	−23.8°	−14.2°
140	mm	−8.7°	−14.1°	−7.8°
150	mm		−8.3°

After an initial shoe last (or mold) has been created, a set or series can be created as a pattern for each size. Each pattern in the set reproduces the features of the standard, and be adaptable (in measurement) to the shoe lasts or scale of measures for which the set is intended. Most often, the sample or “development” size in the United States is a women's 6, 6½, or 7. The women's size 6½ has a foot length of 236 mm such that the shoe last's middle arch length will be between 140 mm-150 mm.
For instance, if the foot length is 240 mm, then the corresponding shoe last has a middle arch length between about 142 mm-152 mm. If the foot length decreases or increases, the arch length will proportionally increase or decrease. And for each size, the arch length is calculated proportionally.
When the total shoe last length (in other words, the foot length) changes, the relation between heel height and horizontal projection of the inflection peak point becomes:
f(x)=(T/150)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3) for calculating middle arch length; and
f(x)=(T/140)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3) for calculating the lateral arch and the inner arch.
In these formulas, T is the arch length in millimeters as the shoe is graded (e.g., made into a different shoe size). Calculations are applicable to any grading measure, such as the United States men's and women's shoes grading measure and the European men's and women's shoes grading measure.
For each heel height, there is the same linear decrease or increase between the horizontal projections of the inner arch, the middle arch and the lateral arch peak points (FIG. 20). The average of this decrease or increase is the 0.199 times T/150 or T/140 for any value of T.
Once the shoe last have been created and approved using any suitable manufacturing technique, the next step is to make “extreme” sizes, e.g. women's 4 and 12, and men's 6 and 18. And after they've been approved, the rest of the sizes are created using any suitable manufacturing technique.
The shoe last models obtained by the aforementioned formulas, with the appropriate coefficients factors as described, are those of the healthy and suitable position of normal arches. They convert the pronation position in flat-footed individuals to a neutral position, which ensures comfort. However, within the aforementioned coefficients parameters, there may be a deviation of a few degrees for the inner arch, the middle arch, or the lateral arch. Ranges of deviation, with said deviations are still within comfort levels, but at their outer limits, are defined by the values for adjacent heel heights in the tables.
Persons skilled in the art will understand that the structures and methods specifically described herein and shown in the accompanying figures are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and that the description, disclosure, and figures should be construed merely as exemplary of particular embodiments. It is to be understood, therefore, that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise embodiments described, and that various other changes and modifications may be effected by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Additionally, the elements and features shown or described in connection with certain embodiments may be combined with the elements and features of certain other embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and that such modifications and variations are also included within the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the subject matter of the present disclosure is not limited by what has been particularly shown and described.

Claims

1. A shoe last, comprising:

a heel height; and

a sole having an arch, the arch defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch, the middle arch defined by the formula f(x)=(T/150)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3), the lateral and inner arches defined by the formula f(x)=(T/140)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3),

wherein variable x provides alignment of an inflection peak point of a respective one of the arches based upon the heel height,

wherein T is an arch length, and

wherein p1=−0.01408, p2=0.09223, and p3=7.537.

2. The shoe last of claim 1, wherein the shoe last is configured for a high-heeled shoe.

3. The shoe last of claim 1, wherein the shoe last is configured for a sneaker.

4. A shoe formed of the shoe last of claim 1.

5. A high-heeled shoe formed from the shoe last of claim 1.

6. A sneaker formed from the shoe last of claim 1.

7. A shoe last, comprising:

a heel height; and

a sole having an arch, the arch defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch, wherein the middle arch is defined by a first formula and the lateral and inner arches are defined by a second formula different than the first formula.

8. A shoe formed with the shoe last of claim 7.

9. The shoe last of claim 7, wherein the first formula is f(x)=(T/150)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3), wherein variable x provides horizontal alignment of an inflection peak point of a respective one of the arches based upon the heel height,

wherein T is an arch length, and

wherein p1, p2, and p3 are different coefficients.

10. The shoe last of claim 9, wherein the second formula is f(x)=(T/140)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3).

11. The shoe last of claim 10, wherein p1 equals −0.01408.

12. The shoe last of claim 11, wherein p2 equals 0.09223.

13. The shoe last of claim 12, wherein p3 equals 7.537.

14. A shoe last, comprising:

a heel height; and

a sole having an arch, the arch defined by an inner arch, a middle arch, and a lateral arch, wherein the middle arch is defined by a first formula and at least one of the lateral and inner arches is defined by a second formula different than the first formula.

15. A shoe formed with the shoe last of claim 14.

16. The shoe last of claim 14, wherein the first formula is f(x)=(T/150)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3), wherein variable x provides horizontal alignment of an inflection peak point of a respective one of the arches based upon the heel height,

wherein T is an arch length, and

wherein p1, p2, and p3 are different coefficients.

17. The shoe last of claim 16, wherein the second formula is f(x)=(T/140)*(p1*x̂2+p2*x+p3).

18. The shoe last of claim 17, wherein p1 equals −0.01408.

19. The shoe last of claim 18, wherein p2 equals 0.09223.

20. The shoe last of claim 19, wherein p3 equals 7.537.