US20180311257A1 - Selective hdac8 inhibitors and their uses - Google Patents

Selective hdac8 inhibitors and their uses Download PDF

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US20180311257A1
US20180311257A1 US15/771,550 US201615771550A US2018311257A1 US 20180311257 A1 US20180311257 A1 US 20180311257A1 US 201615771550 A US201615771550 A US 201615771550A US 2018311257 A1 US2018311257 A1 US 2018311257A1
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Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
Christian MEYNERS
Alexander KLEINSCHEK
Patricia HAUS
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Hochschule Darmstadt
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
    • A61K31/542—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
    • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to small molecule compounds based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiazin-imine as well as their (synthesis) intermediates and their use as HDAC inhibitors, in particular HDAC8 inhibitors.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of said compounds in the treatment of cancer and as therapeutic agents for eukaryotic parasites and respective methods of treatment.
  • cancer is still one of the most threatening diseases in common societies. 13% of the worldwide deaths (7.9 million people) in 2007 were caused by cancer. As the second most common cause of death (USA), exceeded only by heart diseases, cancer remains a burden to the health and even the funds off many societies (see e.g. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009).
  • the start of a cancer disease can be caused by environmental influences or the incorporation of toxins into a healthy cell, leading to several damages in its DNA.
  • Cancer cells are characterized by their out-of-control growth, their invasion into different tissues and the extensive spreading over the whole body through bloodstream and lymph system migration. Conventionally, cancer is treated by a mixture of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation, depending on the individual type of cancer. For a long time DNA crosslinking agents like cisplatin were applied in treatments with chemotherapy to induce apoptosis.
  • HDACs histone deacetylases
  • the DNA is structurally tensely packed by forming nucleosomes, which comprise of multiple units of a protein octamer and attached convoluted DNA.
  • nucleosomes which comprise of multiple units of a protein octamer and attached convoluted DNA.
  • Those proteins called histones, have a strong influence on the accessibility for transcriptional proteins by binding the DNA over acetylated histone-lysine residues.
  • Acetylated lysine residues form tense structures with the negatively charged backbone of the DNA leading to reduced gene expression.
  • HDACs play a great role in controlling the acetylation state of lysine residues located at the ends of histones. Occurring as a natural substrate, acetylated lysines become deacetylated by HDACs resulting in reduced gene expression due to a less accessible DNA structure. The loss of acetylations can be restored by the antagonistic histone acetyl-transferases (HATs).
  • HATs antagonistic histone acetyl-transferases
  • HDACs are associated with several diseases and vice versa are valid targets for cancer treatments (Bieliauskas and Pflum, 2008).
  • HDAC proteins In humans, the overall family of HDAC proteins contains 18 different members separated into four classes by their homology to yeast proteins, cellular localization and the structure of their active sites.
  • Class I comprises of HDAC-1, -2, -3 and -8 which are homologue to the yeast protein RPD3 and retain mostly located in the nucleus.
  • Class II HDAC members are divided into the further subclasses IIa and IIb.
  • Class IIa Includes HDAC-4, -5, -7 and -9 which are homologue to yeast HDA1-deacetylase and contain one active site.
  • HDAC IIb members HDAC-6 and -10 contain two active sites. However HDAC-10 carries only one completely functional active site while the second C-terminally localized domain lacks important residues of the active site.
  • Class IIa members have the possibility of shuttling between cytoplasm and the nucleus.
  • HDAC IIb members are localized in the cytoplasm.
  • the Class IV member HDAC-11 shares a similar catalytic domain with Class I and H members. Yet, no substrate could be identified for this protein.
  • All Class I, II and IV members are zinc-dependent deacetylases.
  • Class III proteins are NAD + dependent and denoted as Sirtuins due to their yeast homologue SirT2 (Finnin et al., 1999; Schrump 2009; Marks and Xu, 2009).
  • HDACs are involved in different non-redundant processes, which are tissue specific. Knock-out of HDAC-1, -2, -3 or -7 in mice are lethal in early embryonic states due to aberrant angiogenesis or cell cycle control. Mice with knock-out for HDAC-4, -5, -6, or -9 are viable with occurring abnormalities in cardiovascular, bone and muscle development. In cancer tissue a single knock-down of one HDAC results in specific symptoms. For example, HDAC-2 knock-down in colon cancer cells induces growth arrest, while lagging this effect in osteosarcoma or breast-cancer.
  • HDACi's histone deacetylase inhibitors
  • hydroxamates are the most enlightened group until today.
  • their structure consists of a variable cap group and a metal-binding hydroxamic acid group. Both parts are connected through an aliphatic linker.
  • This schedule is basically in accordance to the natural substrate which complexes the zinc in the active site with an acetyl group instead of the hydroxamic acid.
  • One of the first potent hydroxamate HDACi's was isolated from Streptomyces bydroscopicus : Trichostation A (TSA) (Kim et al., 2000). Based on this structure, a second very potent HDACi was synthesized: Vorinostat (SAHA) (Butler et al., 2000). SAHA was one of the first HDACi that passed all clinical trials and was applied for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • TSAHA Trichostation A
  • HDA8 to be involved in various cancer diseases like T-cell lymphoma (Balasubramanian et al., 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,954), neuroblastoma (Oehme et al., 2009), urothelial cancer (Niegisch et al., 2013) and breast cancer (Park et al., 2011) as well as in neural crest development (Haberland et al., 2009).
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from hydrogen; halogen, such as I, Cl, Br, F, NO 2 , CN, SO 3 , N(R 10 ) 2 , O—X, S—X, NR 8 —X, —NR 10 C( ⁇ O)—X, S( ⁇ O)—X, S( ⁇ O) 2 —X, NHS( ⁇ O) 2 —X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-X, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-X, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl-X, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-O—X, C 1 -C 3 alkyl-O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-NR
  • X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkylaminoC 1 -C 3 alkoxy, hydroxyC 1 -C 3 alkylaminoC 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 2 -C 5 heterocycloalkylC 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 2 -C 8 heterocycloalkylC 1 -C 2 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , SO 3 , CO 2 R 9 , C( ⁇ O)R 9 , S—R 9 , S( ⁇ O)—R 9 , S( ⁇ O) 2 —R 9 , NR 10 C( ⁇ O)—R 9 , C( ⁇ O)N(R 10 ) 2 , S( ⁇ O) 2 N(
  • R 8 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
  • R 9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 5 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 5 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • R 10 and R 11 are each independently selected from hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • C 1 -C 6 alkyl-X C 2 -C 6 alkenyl-X, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl-X, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-O—X, C 1 -C 3 alkyl-O—C 1 -C 3 alkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-NR 8 —X, C 1 -C 3 alkyl-NR 8 —C 1 -C 3 alkyl —X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)NR 8 —X, C 1 -C 3 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)NR 8 —C 1 -C 3 alkyl-X, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-NR 8 C( ⁇ O)—X, C 1 -C 3 alkyl-C( ⁇ O)NR 8
  • X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkylaminoC 1 -C 3 alkoxy, hydroxyC 1 -C 3 alkylaminoC 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 2 -C 5 heterocycloalkylC 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 2 -C 8 heterocycloalkylC 1 -C 2 alkyl, CN, NO 2 , SO 3 , CO 2 R 9 , C( ⁇ O)R 9 , S—R 9 , S( ⁇ O)—R 9 , S( ⁇ O) 2 —R 9 , NR 10 C( ⁇ O)—R 9 , C( ⁇ O)N(R 10 ) 2 , S( ⁇ O) 2 N(
  • R 8 is selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
  • R 9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • R 10 and R 11 are each independently selected from hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 heteroalkyl, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 8 heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • this object is solved by a compound according to the invention or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • this object is solved by a compound according to the invention or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for use as therapeutic agent against eukaryotic parasites.
  • this object is solved by a compound according to the invention or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for use in the treatment of infections with eukaryotic parasites.
  • this object is solved by a method of treatment of cancer, comprising the step of
  • this object is solved by a method of an infection with eukaryotic parasites, comprising the step of
  • the present invention provides a class of small molecule compounds and their use as HDAC inhibitors.
  • a compound of the present invention is a compound having the general formula I or II or III or IV.
  • a compound of the present invention is a compound having the general formula I or II
  • a compound of the present invention is a compound having the general formula III or IV:
  • a compound of the present invention having general formula III or IV is a compound which is an intermediate/a synthesis intermediate of a compound having general formula I or II.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkyl examples are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl.
  • C 2 -C 6 alkenyl examples are: ethenyl, 1-methyl-ethenyl, cis-2-methyl-ethenyl, trans-2-methyl-ethenyl, cis-1,2-dimethyl-ethenyl, trans-1,2-dimethyl-ethenyl, cis-1-propenyl, trans-1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, cis-1-buthenyl, trans-1-buthenyl, cis-2-buthenyl, trans-2-buthenyl, or 3-buthenyl.
  • C 2 -C 6 alkynyl examples are: ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 3-methyl-1-propynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-buthynyl, 2-buthynyl, or 3-buthynyl.
  • C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl examples are: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • C 1 -C 6 alkoxy examples are: methoxy, ethoxy, or propoxy.
  • C 2 -C 10 heteracycloalkyl examples are: quinolizinyl, dioxinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, piperazinyl, oxazinanonyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydroimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydrooxazolyl, oxiranyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, dihydrothienyl, imidazolidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, dihydrofuranonyl, dioxolanonyl, thiazolidinyl, piperidinonyl, indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, or tetrahydro
  • heteroaryl examples are: pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, 4-azaindolyl, 5-azaindolyl, 6-azaindolyl, 7-azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofura
  • Si 1 -Si 3 silyl examples are: trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, or tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
  • Si 2 -Si 4 siloxane examples are: dimethylsiloxy, ethylmethylsiloxy, diisopropylsiloxy, di-tert-butylsiloxy, (trimethylsiloxy)dimethylsilyl.
  • the compounds of the present invention are provided as inhibitors of enzymes of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family.
  • HDAC histone deacetylase
  • the compounds of the present invention selectively inhibit HDAC8.
  • An inhibitor is “selective” as used herein if its potency (which is proportional to the inverse of K i or IC 50 values) against HDAC8 is at least 10 times higher compared to each of the other HDAC isoform.
  • the compounds of the present invention are based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiazin-imine.
  • n is more than 1, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,
  • R 1 and/or R 2 of each C atom are different from each other.
  • a compound of the present invention is not P2742 (ND 404,182; 6H-6-Imino-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrimido)[1,2-c]-[1,3]benzothiazine) with the following formula:
  • the compound has general formula II and
  • the compound is selected from:
  • the compound is selected from 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13i, 13j, 13k, 13l and 13m, more preferably 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13j, 13k, 13l and 13m, more preferably 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13j, 13k, 13l and 13m
  • the compounds of the present invention are based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiones.
  • the compound has general formula III and
  • the compound is compound 12x (“KA192”).
  • the compound has general formula m and
  • the compound is compound 12h.
  • the compound has general formula m and
  • the compound is compound 12g.
  • the compound has general formula III and
  • the compound is compound 12k.
  • the compound has general formula III and
  • the compound is compound 12t.
  • the compound having general formula III is selected from compound 12x (KA192), 12g, 12k, 12t and 12h.
  • the compound has general formula IV and
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising
  • the pharmaceutical composition can optionally comprise a further agent or drug, such as cytostatic compound(s).
  • the pharmaceutical composition is used in a combination therapy together with other anti-cancer drug(s).
  • the pharmaceutical composition is for oral application/administration.
  • the present invention provides a compound according to the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • the cancer is selected from
  • HDA8 to be involved in various cancer diseases like T-cell lymphoma (Balasubramanian et al., 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,954), neuroblastoma (Oehme et al., 2009), urothelial cancer (Niegisch et al., 2013) and breast cancer (Park et al., 2011) as well as in neural crest development (Haberland et al., 2009).
  • the present invention provides a compound according to the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention for use as therapeutic agent against eukaryotic parasites.
  • the present invention provides a compound according to the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention for use in the treatment of infections with eukaryotic parasites.
  • the eukaryotic parasites are preferably Schistosoma mansoni or Plasmodium falciparum.
  • the compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are used in combination with further agent(s) or drug(s), such as cytostatic compound(s).
  • compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are used in a combination therapy together with other anti-cancer drug(s).
  • the medical use of the present invention comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method of treatment of cancer.
  • Said treatment method comprises the step of administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound according to the invention preferably refers to the amount necessary to achieve the therapeutic outcome.
  • the dosage of the compounds according to the invention is carried out in the order of magnitude customary for histone deacetylases inhibitors.
  • the customary dose in the case of systemic therapy may be between 0.03 and 60 mg/kg body weight per day, (i. v.) may be between 0.03 and 60 mg/kg/h.
  • the customary dose in the case of systemic therapy is between 0.3 and 30 mg/kg per day, (i. v.) is between 0.3 and 30 mg/kg/h.
  • the choice of the optimal dosage regime and duration of medication, particularly the optimal dose and manner of administration of the active compounds necessary in each case can be determined by a person skilled in the art on the basis of his/her expert knowledge.
  • the cancer is selected from
  • the treatment method of the invention comprises
  • the present invention provides a method of treatment of an infection with eukaryotic parasites.
  • Said treatment method comprises the step of
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound according to the invention preferably refers to the amount necessary to achieve the therapeutic outcome.
  • the eukaryotic parasites are preferably Schistosoma mansoni or Plasmodium falciparum.
  • the present invention discloses novel HDAC inhibitors. Furthermore, the present invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising HDAC inhibitor(s) and exemplary treatment regimens for various diseases. These especially include cancer and infections with eukaryotic parasites.
  • HDACi's histone deacetylase inhibitors
  • This schedule is basically in accordance to the natural substrate which complexes the zinc in the active site with an acetyl group instead of the hydroxamic acid.
  • One of the first potent hydroxamate HDACi's was isolated from Streptomyces bydroscopicus : Trichostation A (TSA) (Kim et al., 2000). Based on this structure, a second very potent HDACi was synthesized: Vorinostat (SAHA) (Butler et al., 2000). SAHA was one of the first HDACi that passed all clinical trials and was applied for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • TSAHA Trichostation A
  • CTCL cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
  • HDA8 to be involved in various cancer diseases like T-cell lymphoma (Balasubramanian et al., 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,954), neuroblastoma (Oehme et al., 2009), urothelial cancer (Niegisch et al., 2013) and breast cancer (Park et al., 2011) as well as in neural crest development (Haberland et al., 2009).
  • the class of compounds discloses herein are more potent and selective inhibitors for HDAC8 when compared to the known HDAC8-selective inhibitor PCI-34051, and also more effective on cancer cell lines.
  • compounds of general formula III or IV which can be intermediates/synthesis intermediates of the compounds having general formula I or II, are selective HDAC8 inhibitors, which in addition show higher cell stability.
  • 12x increases SMC3 acetylation much stronger than the imine compounds 13a and 13l (see FIG. 6C ) indicating an increased inhibition of HDAC8 within cells.
  • FIG. 1 Structure of HDAC inhibitors.
  • FIG. 2 Characterization of compounds of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 Inhibition of HDACs 1, 5, 7 and 8 by compounds of the invention.
  • the HDAC activity was investigated using a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al (2009) using 50 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC for HDAC1 or 20 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(TFA)-AMC for HDAC5, 7 and 8.
  • the IC 50 -values of P2742 were determined to be 3.0 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 0.11 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 0.24 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.012 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • the IC 50 -values were 20 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 13 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 0.51 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.20 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • the compound KA090 showed IC 50 -values of 34 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 12 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 2.1 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.071 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • the IC 50 -values of KA091 were 7.9 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 1.0 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 0.080 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.0055 I M for HDAC8.
  • FIG. 4 Inhibition of HDAC8 and cell proliferation of cancer cells by further compounds of the invention.
  • HDAC8 activity was investigated using a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al (2009) using 20 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(TFA)-AMC. Increasing concentrations of the thions 12x and 12h inhibit HDAC8 with different potencies.
  • FIG. 5 PCA-Analysis of chemical descriptors characterising compounds of the benzothiazinimine series. Each sphere represents one chemical entity labeled by its code number.
  • FIG. 6 HDAC8 inhibition increases the acetylation level of SMC3, a specific substrate of HDAC8.
  • FIG. 7 HPLC-MS of representative compounds (13e, 13g, 13i).
  • Mass spectra were acquired either in positive or in negative mode scanning over the mass range of 105-1500.
  • the purities of the final compounds were determined using an Agilent 1200 series HPLC system using a C-18 column (Waters Sunfire C18 3.5 ⁇ m, 2.1 mm ⁇ 100 mm) and were found to be >95%. Flash column chromatography was conducted using silica gel (Merck Kieselgel 60, No. 9385, 230-400 mesh ASTM).
  • JURKAT Human T cell leukemia cell line JURKAT (ATCC® TIB152TM)
  • Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (ATCC@ HTB22TM)
  • DMEM Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
  • 2-Bromobenzaldehyde (10a) (924 mg, 5.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (367 ⁇ L, 330 mg, 5.50 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (2.07 g, 15.0 mmol) and 12 (1.74 g, 6.85 mmol).
  • 2-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11b) was received as orange oil (926 mg, 4.11 mmol, 82%).
  • 2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde (10c) (878 mg, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (294 ⁇ L, 265 mg, 4.40 mmol K 2 CO 3 (1.66 g, 12.0 mmol) and I 2 (1.27 g, 5.00 mmol).
  • 2-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11c) was received as yellowish solid (876 mg, 3.38 mmol, 84%).
  • 2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde (10c) (878 g, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (367 ml, 327 mg, 4.41 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (1.66 g, 12.0 mmol) and I 2 (1.30 g, 5.12 mmol).
  • 2-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11e) was received as yellow solid (992.7 mg, 3.63 mmol, 91%).
  • 2,4-Difluorobenzaldehyde (10f) (1.43 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 ⁇ L, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I 2 (3.18 g, 12.5 mmol).
  • 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11f) was received as brown solid (1.73 g, 8.80 mmol, 88%).
  • 2,3-Difluorobenzaldehyde (10h) (1.43 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 ⁇ l, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I 2 (3.16 g, 12.5 mmol).
  • 2-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11h) was received as brown solid (1.35 mg, 6.89 mmol, 69%).
  • 2,3-Difluorobenzaldehyde (10h) (1.43 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (735 ⁇ L, 661 mg, 11.0 mmol K 2 CO 3 (4.13 g, 30.1 mmol) and I 2 (3.19 g, 12.6 mmol).
  • 2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11i) was received as yellowish solid (1.55 g, 8.51 mmol, 85%).
  • 2-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11j) was received as yellowish solid (2.14 mg, 8.32 mmol, 83%).
  • 2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (10k) (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 ⁇ l, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I 2 (3.19 g, 12.6 mmol).
  • 2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11k) was received as brown viscous oil (1.93 mg, 10.0 mmol, quant.).
  • 2-Bromo-5-fluorobenzaldehyde (101) (2.04 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 ⁇ l, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I 2 (3.18 g, 12.5 mmol).
  • 2-(2-Bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11l) was received as colorless solid (1.93 mg, 7.49 mmol, 75%).
  • 2-Fluoro-6-methylbenzaldehyde (10m) (1.01 g, 7.30 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (663 ⁇ l, 590 mg, 7.75 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (2.99 g, 21.7 mmol) and I 2 (2.30 g, 9.06 mmol).
  • 2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11m) was received as yellowish solid (1.13 mg, 5.87 mmol, 80%).
  • 2-Fluoro-5-methylbenzaldehyde (10n) (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (734 ⁇ L, 660 mg, 11.0 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (4.15 g, 30.1 mmol) and I 2 (3.20 g, 12.6 mmol).
  • 2-(2-Fluoro-5methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11n) was received as yellowish solid (1.71 g, 9.57 mmol, 96%).
  • HDAC1 The activity of HDAC1 was determined by a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al (2003). 1 nM of HDAC1 was incubated with increasing concentrations of the respective compound for 30 minutes at 30° C. The reaction was initiated by addition of 50 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC. After an incubation of 60 minutes the reaction was stopped by addition of 20 ⁇ M SAHA and the deacetylated substrate was converted into a fluorescent product by the addition of trypsin.
  • HDAC4 The activity of HDAC4 was determined by a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al. (2003). 1 nM of HDAC4 was incubated with increasing concentrations of the respective compound for 30 minutes at 30° C. The reaction was initiated by addition of 20 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(trifluoracetyl)-AMC. After an incubation of 60 minutes the reaction was stopped by addition of 20 ⁇ M SAHA and the deacetylated substrate was converted into a fluorescent product by the addition of trypsin.
  • HDAC activity was investigated using a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al. (2003) using 50 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC for HDAC1 or 20 ⁇ M of the substrate Boc-Lys(TFA)-AMC for HDAC5, 7 and 8.
  • the IC 50 -values of P2742 were determined to be 3.0 j ⁇ M for HDAC1, 0.11 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 0.24 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.012 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • the IC 50 -values were 20 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 13 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 0.51 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.20 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • the compound KA090 showed IC 50 -values of 34 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 12 g ⁇ M for HDAC5, 2.1 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.071 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • the IC 50 -values of KA091 were 7.9 ⁇ M for HDAC1, 1.0 ⁇ M for HDAC5, 0.080 ⁇ M for HDAC7 and 0.0055 ⁇ M for HDAC8.
  • IC 50 ( ⁇ M) Cp HDAC1 HDAC2 HDAC3 HDAC4 HDAC5 HDAC6 HDAC7 HDAC8 13a 3.6 ⁇ 0.8 32 ⁇ 1.5 >50 8.6 ⁇ 1.5 0.11 ⁇ 0.01 6.7 ⁇ 0.8 0.22 ⁇ 0.02 0.011 ⁇ 0.001 13b >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.3 ⁇ 0.7 4.4 ⁇ 0.8 13c 21 ⁇ 1 >50 >50 >50 >50 13 ⁇ 1 32 ⁇ 18 0.5 ⁇ 0.2 0.18 ⁇ 0.02 13d 34 ⁇ 2 >50 >50 >50 >50 12 ⁇ 1 14 ⁇ 1 2.0 ⁇ 0.5 0.072 ⁇ 0.003 13e 7.9 ⁇ 0.2 >50 20 ⁇ 1 5.7 ⁇ 0.3 1.0 ⁇ 0.1 1.2 ⁇ 0.4 0.08 ⁇ 0.02 0.0059 ⁇ 0.0003 13f 2.9
  • GI 50 -values of compounds of the invention on different cell lines in ⁇ M The growth inhibition of the cancer cell lines was determined using the resazurin assay.
  • GI 50 ( ⁇ M) Cpd SK-UT-1 MCF7 JURKAT 13a 736 ⁇ 659 >1000 63 ⁇ 8 13b 343 ⁇ 191 213 ⁇ 50 558 ⁇ 342 13c 64 ⁇ 7 60 ⁇ 6 67 ⁇ 8 13d 106 ⁇ 21 200 ⁇ 58 153 ⁇ 28 13e >1000 >1000 56 ⁇ 9 13f 147 ⁇ 73 >1000 33 ⁇ 3 13g 76 ⁇ 7 >1000 30 ⁇ 3 13h >1000 >1000 42 ⁇ 3 13i 109 ⁇ 29 16 ⁇ 3 24 ⁇ 3 13j 16 ⁇ 3 11 ⁇ 3 17 ⁇ 3 13k 45 ⁇ 16 44 ⁇ 12 36 ⁇ 4 13l 24 ⁇ 5 79 ⁇ 11 16 ⁇ 2 13m 35 ⁇ 2 179 ⁇ 66 23 ⁇ 2
  • the imine function is crucial for very strong inhibition of HDAC8, because the corresponding thione intermediates 12a-m are substantially less potent against this enzyme (see Table 1). Furthermore, the ring size of the nitrogen heterocycle had a tremendous impact on potency: As demonstrated by the direct comparison of three matching pairs of imine compounds (13a/13b, 13e/13c, 13h/13i), the 3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imines were at least 30 times more potent than the corresponding 2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imines.

Abstract

The present invention relates to small molecule compounds based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiazin-imine as well as their (synthesis) intermediates and their use as HDAC inhibitors, in particular HDAC8 inhibitors. The present invention also relates to the use of said compounds in the treatment of cancer and as therapeutic agents for eukaryotic parasites and respective methods of treatment.

Description

  • The present invention relates to small molecule compounds based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiazin-imine as well as their (synthesis) intermediates and their use as HDAC inhibitors, in particular HDAC8 inhibitors. The present invention also relates to the use of said compounds in the treatment of cancer and as therapeutic agents for eukaryotic parasites and respective methods of treatment.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Today, cancer is still one of the most threatening diseases in common societies. 13% of the worldwide deaths (7.9 million people) in 2007 were caused by cancer. As the second most common cause of death (USA), exceeded only by heart diseases, cancer remains a burden to the health and even the funds off many societies (see e.g. Cancer Facts & Figures 2009). The start of a cancer disease can be caused by environmental influences or the incorporation of toxins into a healthy cell, leading to several damages in its DNA. Cancer cells are characterized by their out-of-control growth, their invasion into different tissues and the extensive spreading over the whole body through bloodstream and lymph system migration. Conventionally, cancer is treated by a mixture of chemotherapy, surgery and radiation, depending on the individual type of cancer. For a long time DNA crosslinking agents like cisplatin were applied in treatments with chemotherapy to induce apoptosis.
  • During the last decades of cancer research several new targets were explored, leading to new approaches for cancer treatments. Among these targets, the enzyme class of the so called histone deacetylases (HDACs) is one of the most promising ones.
  • In the nucleus of cells, the DNA is structurally tensely packed by forming nucleosomes, which comprise of multiple units of a protein octamer and attached convoluted DNA. Those proteins, called histones, have a strong influence on the accessibility for transcriptional proteins by binding the DNA over acetylated histone-lysine residues. Acetylated lysine residues form tense structures with the negatively charged backbone of the DNA leading to reduced gene expression.
  • HDACs play a great role in controlling the acetylation state of lysine residues located at the ends of histones. Occurring as a natural substrate, acetylated lysines become deacetylated by HDACs resulting in reduced gene expression due to a less accessible DNA structure. The loss of acetylations can be restored by the antagonistic histone acetyl-transferases (HATs).
  • In consequence of their fundamental influence on regulating gene expression, HDACs are associated with several diseases and vice versa are valid targets for cancer treatments (Bieliauskas and Pflum, 2008).
  • In humans, the overall family of HDAC proteins contains 18 different members separated into four classes by their homology to yeast proteins, cellular localization and the structure of their active sites. Class I comprises of HDAC-1, -2, -3 and -8 which are homologue to the yeast protein RPD3 and retain mostly located in the nucleus. Class II HDAC members are divided into the further subclasses IIa and IIb. Class IIa Includes HDAC-4, -5, -7 and -9 which are homologue to yeast HDA1-deacetylase and contain one active site. In contrast, the HDAC IIb members HDAC-6 and -10 contain two active sites. However HDAC-10 carries only one completely functional active site while the second C-terminally localized domain lacks important residues of the active site. Class IIa members have the possibility of shuttling between cytoplasm and the nucleus. In contrast HDAC IIb members are localized in the cytoplasm. The Class IV member HDAC-11 shares a similar catalytic domain with Class I and H members. Yet, no substrate could be identified for this protein. All Class I, II and IV members are zinc-dependent deacetylases. In contrast Class III proteins are NAD+ dependent and denoted as Sirtuins due to their yeast homologue SirT2 (Finnin et al., 1999; Schrump 2009; Marks and Xu, 2009).
  • Despite their strong structural similarities, HDACs are involved in different non-redundant processes, which are tissue specific. Knock-out of HDAC-1, -2, -3 or -7 in mice are lethal in early embryonic states due to aberrant angiogenesis or cell cycle control. Mice with knock-out for HDAC-4, -5, -6, or -9 are viable with occurring abnormalities in cardiovascular, bone and muscle development. In cancer tissue a single knock-down of one HDAC results in specific symptoms. For example, HDAC-2 knock-down in colon cancer cells induces growth arrest, while lagging this effect in osteosarcoma or breast-cancer. Conducted studies found high expression levels of class I HDACs in many primary human cancer cell lines (breast, pancreas, lung, esophageal, gastric, colon, ovary and thyroid). Yet, less is known about expression levels of class II HDACs in cancer cell lines (Schrump 2009; Nakagawa et al., 2007).
  • The high expression values of different HDAC members in cancer cell lines and their strong influence on gene regulation led to a new approach for cancer treatments based on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's). In the last few years several types of HDACi's could be identified for the zinc-dependent HDAC classes (I, II and IV). Four main classes are established till today: hydroxamates, cyclic peptides, small fatty acids and benzamidines.
  • Off these four, the hydroxamates are the most enlightened group until today. In general, their structure consists of a variable cap group and a metal-binding hydroxamic acid group. Both parts are connected through an aliphatic linker. This schedule is basically in accordance to the natural substrate which complexes the zinc in the active site with an acetyl group instead of the hydroxamic acid. One of the first potent hydroxamate HDACi's was isolated from Streptomyces bydroscopicus: Trichostation A (TSA) (Kim et al., 2000). Based on this structure, a second very potent HDACi was synthesized: Vorinostat (SAHA) (Butler et al., 2000). SAHA was one of the first HDACi that passed all clinical trials and was applied for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • Several studies clearly identified HDA8 to be involved in various cancer diseases like T-cell lymphoma (Balasubramanian et al., 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,954), neuroblastoma (Oehme et al., 2009), urothelial cancer (Niegisch et al., 2013) and breast cancer (Park et al., 2011) as well as in neural crest development (Haberland et al., 2009).
  • However, most of the very potent HDACi's, in particular TSA, SAHA, Panobinostat, are rather unselective inhibitors. The inhibition of several or nearly all HDACs goes along with several site effects (see also WO 2007/019116 A1). To avoid these pharmacological issues research for HDAC isoform specific inhibitors became an urgent challenge.
  • There is a need in the art for improved HDAC inhibitors, in particular for HDAC inhibitors with improved selectivity.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by using a compound having general formula I or II
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00001
  • wherein
      • n is an integer of 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 4,
      • i, j are each an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3,
      • Y is O, NR11 and S,
  • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from hydrogen; halogen, such as I, Cl, Br, F, NO2, CN, SO3, N(R10)2, O—X, S—X, NR8—X, —NR10C(═O)—X, S(═O)—X, S(═O)2—X, NHS(═O)2—X, C1-C6alkyl-X, C2-C6alkenyl-X, C2-C6alkynyl-X, C1-C6heteroalkyl-X, C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-O—X, C1-C3alkyl-O—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8—C1-C3alkyl —X, C1-C6alkyl-C(═O)NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-C(═O)NR8—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8C(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8C(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S—X, C1-C3alkyl-S—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)2—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)2—C1-C3alkyl-X, C(═O)—X, C(═O)—NR8—X, C(═O)—C1-C6alkyl-X, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, Si1—Si3silyl-X, Si2—Si4siloxane-X;
  • X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, hydroxyC1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C5heterocycloalkylC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, CN, NO2, SO3, CO2R9, C(═O)R9, S—R9, S(═O)—R9, S(═O)2—R9, NR10C(═O)—R9, C(═O)N(R10)2, S(═O)2N(R10)2, NR10S(═O)2—R9, OC(═O)N(R10)2, NR10C(═O)O—R9, —OC(═O)O—R9, NHC(═O)NH—R9, OC(═O)R9, N(R10)2, C1-C2alkylN(R10)2, C2-C6alkyne, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, Si1—Si3silyl, Si2—Si4siloxane;
  • R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
  • R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C3-C5cycloalkyl, C2-C5heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • R10 and R11 are each independently selected from hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • or a pharmaceutically accepted salt or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof,
  • as inhibitor of enzymes of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by using a compound having general formula III or IV
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00002
  • wherein
      • n is an integer of 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 4,
      • i, j are each an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3,
      • Y is O, NR11 and S,
      • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from hydrogen,
      • halogen, such as I, Cl, Br, F,
      • NO2, CN, SO3, N(R10)2,
      • O—X, S—X, NR8—X, —NR10C(═O)—X, S(═O)—X, S(═O)2—X, NHS(═O)2—X,
  • C1-C6alkyl-X, C2-C6alkenyl-X, C2-C6alkynyl-X, C1-C6heteroalkyl-X, C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-O—X, C1-C3alkyl-O—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8—C1-C3alkyl —X, C1-C6alkyl-C(═O)NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-C(═O)NR8—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8C(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8C(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S—X, C1-C3alkyl-S—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)2—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)2—C1-C3alkyl-X, C(═O)—X, C(═O)—NR8—X, C(═O)—C1-C6alkyl-X,
  • substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl,
  • Si1—Si3silyl-X, Si2—Si4siloxane-X;
  • X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, hydroxyC1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C5heterocycloalkylC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, CN, NO2, SO3, CO2R9, C(═O)R9, S—R9, S(═O)—R9, S(═O)2—R9, NR10C(═O)—R9, C(═O)N(R10)2, S(═O)2N(R10)2, NR10S(═O)2—R9, OC(═O)N(R10)2, NR10C(═O)O—R9, —OC(═O)O—R9, NHC(═O)NH—R9, OC(═O)R9, N(R10)2, C1-C2alkylN(R10)2, C2-C6alkyne, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, Si1—Si3silyl, Si2—Si4siloxane;
  • R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
  • R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • R10 and R11 are each independently selected from hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
  • or a pharmaceutically accepted salt or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof,
    as inhibitor of enzymes of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by a pharmaceutical composition comprising
  • (a) at least one compound according to the present invention,
  • (b) optionally, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) and/or carrier.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by a compound according to the invention or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by a compound according to the invention or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for use as therapeutic agent against eukaryotic parasites.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by a compound according to the invention or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for use in the treatment of infections with eukaryotic parasites.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by a method of treatment of cancer, comprising the step of
      • administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
  • According to the present invention this object is solved by a method of an infection with eukaryotic parasites, comprising the step of
      • administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • Before the present invention is described in more detail below, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols and reagents described herein as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention which will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For the purpose of the present invention, all references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
  • Concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and thus should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. As an illustration, a numerical range of “0.03 to 60 mg per kg” should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of 0.03 to 60, but also include individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values such as 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, . . . 59, 60 and sub-ranges such as from 14 to 20, from 14 to 30, from 15 to 25, from 19 to 25, from 20 to 25, from 20 to 30 and from 15 to 30, etc. This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value, such as “at least 0.03 mg per kg”. Furthermore, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.
  • HDAC Inhibitory Compounds
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a class of small molecule compounds and their use as HDAC inhibitors.
  • The here described class of HDAC inhibitors was shown to be also promising with respect to selective efficacy for target HDAC8.
  • A compound of the present invention is a compound having the general formula I or II or III or IV.
  • A compound of the present invention is a compound having the general formula I or II
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00003
  • wherein
      • n is an integer of 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 4,
      • i, j are each an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3,
      • Y is O, NR11 and S,
      • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from hydrogen;
      • halogen, such as I, Cl, Br, F,
      • NO2, CN, SO3, N(R10)2,
      • O—X, S—X, NR8—X, —NR10C(═O)—X, S(═O)—X, S(═O)2—X, NHS(═O)2—X,
      • C1-C6alkyl-X, C2-C6alkenyl-X, C2-C6alkynyl-X, C1-C6heteroalkyl-X, C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-O—X, C1-C3alkyl-O—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8—C1-C3alkyl —X, C1-C6alkyl-C(═O)NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-C(═O)NR8—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8C(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8C(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S—X, C1-C3alkyl-S—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)2—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)2—C1-C3alkyl-X, C(═O)—X, C(═O)—NR8—X, C(═O)—C1-C6alkyl-X,
      • substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl,
      • Si1—Si3silyl-X, Si2—Si4siloxane-X;
      • X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, hydroxyC1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, CN, NO2, SO3, CO2R9, C(═O)R9, S—R9, S(═O)—R9, S(═O)2—R9, NR10C(═O)—R9, C(═O)N(R10)2, S(═O)2N(R10)2, NR10S(═O)2—R9, OC(═O)N(R10)2, NR10C(═O)O—R9, —OC(═O)O—R9, NHC(═O)NH—R9, OC(═O)R9, N(R10)2, C1-C2alkylN(R10)2, C2-C6alkyne, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, Si1—Si3silyl, Si2—Si4siloxane;
      • R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
      • R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
      • R10 is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
      • R11 is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C8heteroalkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
      • or a pharmaceutically accepted salt or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof.
  • A compound of the present invention is a compound having the general formula III or IV:
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00004
  • wherein
      • n is an integer of 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 4,
      • i, j are each an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3,
      • Y is O, NR11 and S,
      • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from
      • hydrogen,
      • halogen, such as I, Cl, Br, F,
      • NO2, CN, SO3, N(R10)2,
      • O—X, S—X, NR8—X, —NR10C(═O)—X, S(═O)—X, S(═O)2—X, NHS(═O)2—X,
      • C1-C6alkyl-X, C2-C6alkenyl-X, C2-C6alkynyl-X, C1-C6heteroalkyl-X, C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-O—X, C1-C3alkyl-O—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8—C1-C3alkyl —X, C1-C6alkyl-C(═O)NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-C(═O)NR8—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8C(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8C(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S—X, C1-C3alkyl-S—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)2—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)2—C1-C3alkyl-X, C(═O)—X, C(═O)—NR8—X, C(═O)—C1-C6alkyl-X,
      • substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl,
      • Si1—Si3silyl-X, Si2—Si4siloxane-X;
      • X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, hydroxyC1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, CN, NO2, SO3, CO2R9, C(═O)R8, S—R9, S(═O)—R9, S(═O)2—R9, NR10C(═O)—R9, C(═O)N(R10)2, S(═O)2N(R10)2, NR10S(═O)2—R9, OC(═O)N(R10)2, NR10C(═O)O—R9, —OC(═O)O—R9, NHC(═O)NH—R9, OC(═O)R9, N(R10)2, C1-C2alkylN(R10)2, C2-C6alkyne, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, Si1-Si3silyl, Si2—Si4siloxane;
      • R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;
      • R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C5fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
      • R10 and R11 are each independently selected from hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C5cycloalkyl, C2-C5heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
        or a pharmaceutically accepted salt or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof,
        as inhibitor of enzymes of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family.
  • In one embodiment, a compound of the present invention having general formula III or IV is a compound which is an intermediate/a synthesis intermediate of a compound having general formula I or II.
  • Examples for “C1-C6alkyl” are: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, or tert-butyl.
  • Examples for “C2-C6alkenyl” are: ethenyl, 1-methyl-ethenyl, cis-2-methyl-ethenyl, trans-2-methyl-ethenyl, cis-1,2-dimethyl-ethenyl, trans-1,2-dimethyl-ethenyl, cis-1-propenyl, trans-1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, cis-1-buthenyl, trans-1-buthenyl, cis-2-buthenyl, trans-2-buthenyl, or 3-buthenyl.
  • Examples for “C2-C6alkynyl” are: ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 3-methyl-1-propynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl, 1-buthynyl, 2-buthynyl, or 3-buthynyl.
  • Examples for “C3-C10cycloalkyl” are: cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • Examples for “C1-C6alkoxy” are: methoxy, ethoxy, or propoxy.
  • Examples for “C2-C10heteracycloalkyl” are: quinolizinyl, dioxinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, piperazinyl, oxazinanonyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydroimidazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydrooxazolyl, oxiranyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, dihydrothienyl, imidazolidinonyl, pyrrolidinonyl, dihydrofuranonyl, dioxolanonyl, thiazolidinyl, piperidinonyl, indolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, or tetrahydrothienyl.
  • Examples for “heteroaryl” are: pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, 4-azaindolyl, 5-azaindolyl, 6-azaindolyl, 7-azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, thiophenopyridinyl, or furopyridinyl.
  • Examples for “Si1-Si3silyl” are: trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, or tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
  • Examples for “Si2-Si4siloxane” are: dimethylsiloxy, ethylmethylsiloxy, diisopropylsiloxy, di-tert-butylsiloxy, (trimethylsiloxy)dimethylsilyl.
  • The compounds of the present invention are provided as inhibitors of enzymes of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family.
  • Preferably, the compounds of the present invention selectively inhibit HDAC8.
  • An inhibitor is “selective” as used herein if its potency (which is proportional to the inverse of Ki or IC50 values) against HDAC8 is at least 10 times higher compared to each of the other HDAC isoform.
  • In a preferred embodiment, in the compound having general formula I
      • n is 2 or 3.
  • In this embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiazin-imine.
  • For embodiments wherein n is more than 1, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,
  • optionally R1 and/or R2 of each C atom are different from each other.
  • A compound of the present invention is not P2742 (ND 404,182; 6H-6-Imino-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrimido)[1,2-c]-[1,3]benzothiazine) with the following formula:
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00005
  • In a preferred embodiment, in the compound having general formula I
      • R1 and R2 are hydrogen.
  • In a preferred embodiment, in the compound
      • R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen (Cl, Br, F) and alkylamino.
  • In a preferred embodiment, in the compound
      • R7 is hydrogen.
  • In one embodiment, in the compound
      • n is 2 or 3; and/or
      • R1 and R2 are hydrogen; and/or
      • R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen (Cl, Br, F) and alkylamino; and/or
      • R7 is hydrogen.
  • In one embodiment, in the compound having general formula I
      • n is 2 or 3; and/or
      • R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each hydrogen.
  • In one embodiment, the compound has general formula II and
      • i=j.
  • Preferably, the compound is selected from
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00006
  • Preferably, the compound is selected from 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13i, 13j, 13k, 13l and 13m, more preferably 13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13j, 13k, 13l and 13m
  • In a preferred embodiment, in the compound having general formula III
      • n is 1 or 2.
  • In this embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are based on benzopyrimido- or benzoimidazo-thiones.
  • In a preferred embodiment, in the compound having general formula III
      • n is 1 or 2; and/or
      • R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each hydrogen; and/or
      • of R3, R4, R5 and R6 two or three are hydrogen; and/or
      • R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen (Cl, Br, F), C1-C6alkyl, alkylamino, N(R10)2 with R10 being C1-C6alkyl, and C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X with X being hydrogen.
  • In a preferred embodiment, the compound has general formula III and
      • n is 1;
      • R3 is alkyl, preferably methyl, and
      • R4, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen.
  • Preferably, the compound is compound 12x (“KA192”).
  • In a preferred embodiment, the compound has general formula m and
      • n is 2;
      • R3, R4, and R5 are each hydrogen; and
      • R6 is halogen, preferably F.
  • Preferably, the compound is compound 12h.
  • In a preferred embodiment, the compound has general formula m and
      • n is 2;
      • R3, R4, and R6 are each hydrogen; and
      • R5 is halogen, preferably Br.
  • Preferably, the compound is compound 12g.
  • In a preferred embodiment, the compound has general formula III and
      • n is 2;
      • R3, R4, and R6 are each hydrogen; and
      • R5 is alkyl, preferably methyl.
  • Preferably, the compound is compound 12k.
  • In a preferred embodiment, the compound has general formula III and
      • n is 1;
      • R3, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen; and
      • R4 is halogen, preferably Br.
  • Preferably, the compound is compound 12t.
  • In a preferred embodiment, the compound having general formula III is selected from compound 12x (KA192), 12g, 12k, 12t and 12h.
  • In one embodiment, the compound has general formula IV and
      • i=j.
  • Pharmaceutical Compositions and Medical Uses
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising
  • (a) at least one compound according to the present invention,
  • (b) optionally, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) and/or carrier.
  • The pharmaceutical composition can optionally comprise a further agent or drug, such as cytostatic compound(s).
  • In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is used in a combination therapy together with other anti-cancer drug(s).
  • Preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is for oral application/administration.
  • The skilled artisan can select suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) and/or carrier for such oral application/administration.
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a compound according to the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention for use in the treatment of cancer.
  • Preferably, the cancer is selected from
      • neuroblastoma,
      • T-cell lymphomas,
      • urothelial cancer, or
      • breast cancer.
  • Several studies clearly identified HDA8 to be involved in various cancer diseases like T-cell lymphoma (Balasubramanian et al., 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,954), neuroblastoma (Oehme et al., 2009), urothelial cancer (Niegisch et al., 2013) and breast cancer (Park et al., 2011) as well as in neural crest development (Haberland et al., 2009).
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a compound according to the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention for use as therapeutic agent against eukaryotic parasites.
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a compound according to the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention for use in the treatment of infections with eukaryotic parasites.
  • The eukaryotic parasites are preferably Schistosoma mansoni or Plasmodium falciparum.
  • See e.g. Giannini et al., 2015 or Stolfa 2014.
  • In one embodiment, the compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are used in combination with further agent(s) or drug(s), such as cytostatic compound(s).
  • For example, compound or pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are used in a combination therapy together with other anti-cancer drug(s).
  • Preferably, the medical use of the present invention comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
  • Methods for Treatment
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a method of treatment of cancer.
  • Said treatment method comprises the step of administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • A “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound according to the invention preferably refers to the amount necessary to achieve the therapeutic outcome.
  • The dosage of the compounds according to the invention is carried out in the order of magnitude customary for histone deacetylases inhibitors. For example, the customary dose in the case of systemic therapy (p.o.) may be between 0.03 and 60 mg/kg body weight per day, (i. v.) may be between 0.03 and 60 mg/kg/h. In another embodiment, the customary dose in the case of systemic therapy (p.o.) is between 0.3 and 30 mg/kg per day, (i. v.) is between 0.3 and 30 mg/kg/h. The choice of the optimal dosage regime and duration of medication, particularly the optimal dose and manner of administration of the active compounds necessary in each case can be determined by a person skilled in the art on the basis of his/her expert knowledge.
  • Preferably, the cancer is selected from
      • neuroblastoma,
      • T-cell lymphomas,
      • urothelial cancer, or
      • breast cancer.
  • In one embodiment, the treatment method of the invention comprises
      • administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention
      • in combination with further agent(s) or drug(s),
        such as cytostatic compound(s),
        as discussed above.
  • As discussed above, the present invention provides a method of treatment of an infection with eukaryotic parasites.
  • Said treatment method comprises the step of
      • administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to the invention or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • A “therapeutically effective amount” of a compound according to the invention preferably refers to the amount necessary to achieve the therapeutic outcome.
  • The eukaryotic parasites are preferably Schistosoma mansoni or Plasmodium falciparum.
    • Further Description of Preferred Embodiments
  • The present invention discloses novel HDAC inhibitors. Furthermore, the present invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising HDAC inhibitor(s) and exemplary treatment regimens for various diseases. These especially include cancer and infections with eukaryotic parasites.
  • The high expression values of different HDAC members in cancer cell lines and their strong influence on gene regulation led to a new approach for cancer treatments based on histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's). In the last few years several types of HDACi's could be identified for the zinc-dependent HDAC classes (I, II and IV). Four main classes are established till today: hydroxamates, cyclic peptides, small fatty acids and benzamidines. Off these four, the hydroxamates are the most enlightened group until today. In general, their structure consists of a variable cap group and a metal-binding hydroxamic acid group. Both parts are connected through an aliphatic linker. This schedule is basically in accordance to the natural substrate which complexes the zinc in the active site with an acetyl group instead of the hydroxamic acid. One of the first potent hydroxamate HDACi's was isolated from Streptomyces bydroscopicus: Trichostation A (TSA) (Kim et al., 2000). Based on this structure, a second very potent HDACi was synthesized: Vorinostat (SAHA) (Butler et al., 2000). SAHA was one of the first HDACi that passed all clinical trials and was applied for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).
  • Several studies clearly identified HDA8 to be involved in various cancer diseases like T-cell lymphoma (Balasubramanian et al., 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,954), neuroblastoma (Oehme et al., 2009), urothelial cancer (Niegisch et al., 2013) and breast cancer (Park et al., 2011) as well as in neural crest development (Haberland et al., 2009).
  • However, most of the very potent HDACi's, in particular TSA, SAHA, Panobinostat, are rather unselective inhibitors. The inhibition of several or nearly all HDACs goes along with several site effects (see also WO 2007/019116 A1). To avoid these pharmacological issues research for HDAC isoform specific inhibitors became an urgent challenge.
  • The here described class of HDAC inhibitors was shown to be also promising with respect to selective efficacy hitting predominantly the wanted target HDAC8.
  • The class of compounds discloses herein are more potent and selective inhibitors for HDAC8 when compared to the known HDAC8-selective inhibitor PCI-34051, and also more effective on cancer cell lines.
  • By choosing the substituents on general formula I (or general formula II) and/or choosing the size of the ring structure (n in general formula I), the selectivity of the compounds for the HDACs and their efficacy against cancer cells can be selected and fine-tuned.
  • Also compounds of general formula III or IV, which can be intermediates/synthesis intermediates of the compounds having general formula I or II, are selective HDAC8 inhibitors, which in addition show higher cell stability.
  • The example of the thione 12x shows that this compound is only 10 times less active against JURKAT T-cell lymphoma cancer cells (IC50=5 μM) than on the isolated HDAC8 enzyme (IC50=0.5 μM). In contrast, 13a as a representative of the imine compounds is even more potent on HDAC8 (IC50=0.011 μM) but more than 5700 time less active against JURKAT cells (GI=63 μM). This extraordinary loss in activity is attributed to decreased chemical stability of 13a in living cells. In addition, 12x increases SMC3 acetylation much stronger than the imine compounds 13a and 13l (see FIG. 6C) indicating an increased inhibition of HDAC8 within cells.
  • The following examples and drawings illustrate the present invention without, however, limiting the same thereto.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1. Structure of HDAC inhibitors.
  • (A) Shown are the structures of the prior art HDAC inhibitors PCI-34051, Vorinostat (SAHA), and Panobinostat (Farydak®).
  • (B) Shown are structures of novel HDAC inhibitors of the invention having general formula I or II.
  • FIG. 2. Characterization of compounds of the invention.
  • (A) 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra and LC/MS chromatogram of 2H-Benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (6a).
  • (B) 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra and LC/MS chromatogram of 9-Chloro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (6b).
  • (C) 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra and LC/MS chromatogram of 6-Imino-N,N-dimethyl-2,3,4,6-tetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-9-amine (7c).
  • (D) 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra and LC/MS chromatogram of 9-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (7d).
  • (E) 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra and LC/MS chromatogram of 9-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2B)-imine (7e).
  • FIG. 3. Inhibition of HDACs 1, 5, 7 and 8 by compounds of the invention.
  • (A) P2742,
  • (B) KA089 (6b),
  • (C) KA090 (7c), and
  • (D) KA091 (7b).
  • The HDAC activity was investigated using a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al (2009) using 50 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC for HDAC1 or 20 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(TFA)-AMC for HDAC5, 7 and 8. The IC50-values of P2742 were determined to be 3.0 μM for HDAC1, 0.11 μM for HDAC5, 0.24 μM for HDAC7 and 0.012 μM for HDAC8. For KA089 the IC50-values were 20 μM for HDAC1, 13 μM for HDAC5, 0.51 μM for HDAC7 and 0.20 μM for HDAC8. The compound KA090 showed IC50-values of 34 μM for HDAC1, 12 μM for HDAC5, 2.1 μM for HDAC7 and 0.071 μM for HDAC8. The IC50-values of KA091 were 7.9 μM for HDAC1, 1.0 μM for HDAC5, 0.080 μM for HDAC7 and 0.0055 I M for HDAC8.
  • FIG. 4. Inhibition of HDAC8 and cell proliferation of cancer cells by further compounds of the invention.
  • (A) The HDAC8 activity was investigated using a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al (2009) using 20 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(TFA)-AMC. Increasing concentrations of the thions 12x and 12h inhibit HDAC8 with different potencies.
  • (B) The proliferation of JURKAT T-cell leukemia cells (9×104 per well) was monitored in the presence of different compound concentrations using a resazurin reduction assay. 12x is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation.
  • FIG. 5. PCA-Analysis of chemical descriptors characterising compounds of the benzothiazinimine series. Each sphere represents one chemical entity labeled by its code number.
  • FIG. 6. HDAC8 inhibition increases the acetylation level of SMC3, a specific substrate of HDAC8.
  • (A) Immunoblot analysis of acetylated SMC3 levels in Jurkat cells (5×105) treated for 3h with the indicated HDAC inhibitors. Each compound was used at its gIC50, (B) Densitometric analysis of the acSMC3/SMC3 ratio in JURKAT cells treated as in A. n=3, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.005, the data prove the intracellular target engagement of the compounds.
  • (C) Immunoblot analysis of acetylated SMC3 levels in Jurkat cells (5×105) treated for 0, 3, 6, 9h with the indicated HDAC inhibitors. Each compound was used at its gIC50.
  • FIG. 7. HPLC-MS of representative compounds (13e, 13g, 13i).
    •  EXAMPLES Example 1 Materials and Methods
  • 1.1 All of the starting materials were obtained commercially and were used without further purification. All of the reported yields are for isolated products and are not optimized. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectra were recorded with a Bruker DRX-500 spectrometer (operating at 500 MHz), with chemical shifts in parts per million (8) downfield from TMS, the internal standard. Mass spectral (MS) data were obtained using an Agilent 6110 Quadrupole LC/MS system with a 0.3 mL/min flow rate using a gradient mobile phase consisting of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. UV detection was monitored at 227 nm. Mass spectra were acquired either in positive or in negative mode scanning over the mass range of 105-1500. The purities of the final compounds were determined using an Agilent 1200 series HPLC system using a C-18 column (Waters Sunfire C18 3.5 μm, 2.1 mm×100 mm) and were found to be >95%. Flash column chromatography was conducted using silica gel (Merck Kieselgel 60, No. 9385, 230-400 mesh ASTM). Gas chromatographic data were obtained using an Agilent 7890A GC System (G3440A) with a mass detector VL MSD with Triple-Axis Detector (5975C) and an Agilent HP-5MS column (19091S-433 30 m, 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm).
  • 1.2 Tumor Cell Lines
  • The following tumor cell lines were used:
  • Human uterine leiomyosarcoma cell line SKUT-1 (ATCC® HTB114™)
  • Human T cell leukemia cell line JURKAT (ATCC® TIB152™)
  • Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (ATCC@ HTB22™)
  • Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% FCS.
  • 1.3 Substances
  • The following commercially available substances and compounds were used:
  • Compound P2742 (ND 404,182 of Sigma Aldrich).
  • 1.4 Assays
  • Colorimetric Assay
  • As described by Wegener et al. (2003).
  • Resazurin Assay
  • As described by Nociari et al. (1998).
    • Example 2 Chemical Synthesis and Structures
  • Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00007
    Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00008
    • 2.1 General Synthesis of the 2-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11, n=2) and 2-aryl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11, n=3)
  • To a solution of the aldehyde 10 (1 eq.) in tert-butanol (9.0 ml/mmol) the diamine (1.1 eq.) was added and the solution was stirred at 70° C. for 30 min. K2CO3 (4 eq.) and I2 (1.25 eq.) was added at 70° C. and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for further 3 h. The mixture was cooled down to rt and Na2S2O3 was added until the iodine color almost disappear. The organic layer was separated and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The received solid was dissolved in water (7.5 ml/mmol) and 2 N NaOHaq was added until pH=12-14. The aqueous layer was separated with CHCl3 (3×3.75 ml/mmol), the combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The product can be used without further purification.
    • 2-(2-Bromophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11a)
  • 2-Bromobenzaldehyde (10a) (1 ml, 8.56 mmol) and 1,3 diaminopropane (0.785 ml, 9.42 mmol) were dissolved in t-BuOH (86 ml) and stirred for 30 min at 70° C., then Na2CO3 (2.72 g, 25.7 mmol) and I2 (2.72 g, 10.7 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred 3h at the same temperature. Afterwards Na2SO3 sat. was added until the organic layer turns slightly yellow. The organic layer was separated and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained bright yellow solid was dissolved in 100 ml water followed by addition of 1M NaOH till pH 13. The mixture was extracted (2×60 ml CHCl3), the combined organics were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to obtain a yellow oil. After recrystallization (CHCl3-hexane) the title compound was obtained as a white solid (970 mg, 47%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.53-7.47 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.35-7.23 (m, 2H, Ar), 7.23-7.14 (m, 1H, Ar), 5.82 (s, 1H, NH), 3.28 (t, 4H, 2×CH2), 1.86-1.64 (m, 2H, CH2). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 155.84, 138.53, 132.88, 130.40, 130.28, 127.51, 120.87, 41.86, 20.37.
    • 2-(2-Bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11b)
  • 2-Bromobenzaldehyde (10a) (924 mg, 5.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (367 μL, 330 mg, 5.50 mmol), K2CO3 (2.07 g, 15.0 mmol) and 12 (1.74 g, 6.85 mmol). 2-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11b) was received as orange oil (926 mg, 4.11 mmol, 82%). GC/MS (tr=16.81 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=226 [M+] (46), 224 [M+] (48), 197 (98), 195 (100), 116 (50), 89 (39). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ=7.55 (td, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.18 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 4H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 75 MHz): δ=164.5, 133.2, 132.7, 131.1, 131.1, 127.4, 120.8, 50.3.
    • 2-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11c)
  • 2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde (10c) (878 mg, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (294 μL, 265 mg, 4.40 mmol K2CO3 (1.66 g, 12.0 mmol) and I2 (1.27 g, 5.00 mmol). 2-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11c) was received as yellowish solid (876 mg, 3.38 mmol, 84%). GC/MS (tr=18.78 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=260 [M+] (42), 258 [M+] (33), 231 (100), 229 (78), 150 (23). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.61 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 4H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=163.3, 134.4, 133.6, 131.2, 131.1, 118.7, 50.6.
    • 2-(2-Bromo-4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11d)
  • 2-Bromo-4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (10d) (458 mg, 2.01 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (183 μL, 163 mg, 2.20 mmol) K2CO3 (829 mg, 6.00 mmol) and I2 (637 mg, 2.50 mmol). 2-(2-Bromo-4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11d) was received as brown solid (564 mg, 2.00 mmol, 99%). GC/MS (tr=23.21 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=283 [M+] (74), 282 [M+-H] (83), 281 [M+] (77), 280 [M+-H] (76), 225 (61), 202 (100), 145 (21). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.21 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J=8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.26 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 1.76 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=156.1, 151.5, 130.8, 125.6, 121.4, 115.5, 110.9, 41.8, 40.2, 20.4.
    • 2-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11e)
  • 2-Bromo-5-chlorobenzaldehyde (10c) (878 g, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (367 ml, 327 mg, 4.41 mmol), K2CO3 (1.66 g, 12.0 mmol) and I2 (1.30 g, 5.12 mmol). 2-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11e) was received as yellow solid (992.7 mg, 3.63 mmol, 91%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.42 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 12H), 7.36 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 11H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.14 (dd, J=8.5, 2.6 Hz, 12H), 4.97 (s, 13H), 3.40-3.33 (m, 50H), 1.84-1.75 (m, 25H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=154.4, 140.4, 134.0, 133.5, 130.4, 130.2, 118.7, 42.2, 20.5.
    • 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11j)
  • 2,4-Difluorobenzaldehyde (10f) (1.43 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 μL, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I2 (3.18 g, 12.5 mmol). 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11f) was received as brown solid (1.73 g, 8.80 mmol, 88%). GC/MS (tr=14.63 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=196 (62) [M+], 195 (86) [M+-H], 177 (69), 140 (100), 139 (46), 120 (39). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.71 (td, J=8.8, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.87-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.74 (ddd, J=11.3, 8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 3.49-3.33 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.58 (m, 2H). 13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 163.5 (dd, J=251.9, 12.3 Hz), 160.3 (dd, J=250.5, 12.0 Hz), 151.3 (s), 131.9 (dd, J=9.7, 4.6 Hz), 120.4 (d, J=11.8 Hz), 111.8 (dd, J=21.2, 3.1 Hz), 104.1 (t, J=26.4 Hz), 42.00 (s), 20.5 (s).
    • 2-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11g)
  • 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (10g) (5.08 g, 25.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (2.29 ml, 2.04 g, 27.5 mmol), K2CO3 (10.4 g, 75.0 mmol) and I2 (7.98 g, 31.4 mmol). 2-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11g) was received as brown solid (800 mg, 3.11 mmol, 12%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.61 (t, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J=8.4, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dd, J=10.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 3.43 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 4H), 1.81 (p, J=5.8 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=159.78 (d, J=252.3 Hz), 151.12 (s), 131.76 (d, J=3.6 Hz), 127.79 (d, J=3.0 Hz), 123.76 (d, J=10.0 Hz), 123.29 (d, J=11.7 Hz), 119.55 (d, J=26.9 Hz), 42.13 (s), 20.53 (s).
    • 2-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11h)
  • 2,3-Difluorobenzaldehyde (10h) (1.43 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 μl, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I2 (3.16 g, 12.5 mmol). 2-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11h) was received as brown solid (1.35 mg, 6.89 mmol, 69%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.36 (ddt, J=7.9, 6.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dtd, J=9.9, 8.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (tdd, J=8.2, 4.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 3.40 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 4H), 1.80 (p, J=5.8 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=151.3 (d, J=2.6 Hz), 151.7-149.1 (m), 147.4 (d, J=13.9 Hz), 126.2 (d, J=8.9 Hz), 125.0 (s), 124.2 (dd, J=6.0, 5.0 Hz), 118.2 (d, J=17.1 Hz), 41.9 (s), 20.3 (s).
    • 2-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11i)
  • 2,3-Difluorobenzaldehyde (10h) (1.43 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (735 μL, 661 mg, 11.0 mmol K2CO3 (4.13 g, 30.1 mmol) and I2 (3.19 g, 12.6 mmol). 2-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11i) was received as yellowish solid (1.55 g, 8.51 mmol, 85%). GC/MS (tr=13.55 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=182 [M+] (38), 153 (100), 140 (7), 126 (10). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.75 (ddt, J=8.0, 6.3, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (dtd, J=9.8, 8.0, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (tdd, J=8.2, 4.8, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (s, 1H), 3.74 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 4H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=160.1 (s), 151.8 (d, J=13.6 Hz), 150.2 (d, J=14.3 Hz), 149.8 (d, J=13.6 Hz), 148.2 (d, J=14.2 Hz), 125.5 (s), 124.3 (dd, J=6.3, 4.7 Hz), 120.3 (d, J=7.7 Hz), 119.1 (d, J=17.1 Hz), 49.9 (s).
    • 2-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11j)
  • 2-Bromo-6-fluorobenzaldehyde (10j) (2.03 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 μl, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I2 (3.17 g, 12.5 mmol). 2-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11j) was received as yellowish solid (2.14 mg, 8.32 mmol, 83%). GC/MS (tr=17.93 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=258 (22) [M+(81Br)], 256 (27) [M+(79Br)], 239 (26), 237 (27), 201 (20), 200 (30), 177 (100), 121 (29), 18 (27). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.31 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (td, J=8.2, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (td, J=8.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 3.36-3.27 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.75 (m, 1H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=160.1 (d, J=252.3 Hz), 151.1 (s), 131.2 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 128.5 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 126.7 (d, J=20.1 Hz), 122.7 (d, J=3.5 Hz), 115.0 (d, J=22.0 Hz), 41.8 (s), 20.2 (s).
    • 2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11k)
  • 2-Fluoro-4-methylbenzaldehyde (10k) (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 μl, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I2 (3.19 g, 12.6 mmol). 2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11k) was received as brown viscous oil (1.93 mg, 10.0 mmol, quant.). GC/MS (tr=17.93 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=191 [(M−H)+] (100), 173 (38), 136 (68), 116 (20), 89 (18). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.48 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 3.38 (dd, J=13.1, 7.3 Hz, 4H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.74 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=159.8 (d, J=248.8 Hz), 153.0 (s), 142.8 (d, J=8.6 Hz), 130.1 (d, J=2.6 Hz), 125.2 (d, J=2.1 Hz), 119.7 (d, J=11.8 Hz), 116.5 (d, J=22.7 Hz), 41.4 (s), 21.2 (s), 20.1 (s).
    • 2-(2-Bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11l)
  • 2-Bromo-5-fluorobenzaldehyde (101) (2.04 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (916 μl, 815 mg, 11.0 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol) and I2 (3.18 g, 12.5 mmol). 2-(2-Bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11l) was received as colorless solid (1.93 mg, 7.49 mmol, 75%). GC/MS (tr=14.63 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=258 (43) [M+(81Br)], 257 (79) [M+-H (81Br)], 256 (25) [M+(79Br)], 255 (78) [M+-H (79Br)], 202 (36), 200 (36), 177 (100), 121 (55), 120 (31). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.71 (td, J=8.8, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.87-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.74 (ddd, J=11.3, 8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 3.49-3.33 (m, 4H), 1.98-1.58 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=161.8 (d, J=248.3 Hz), 154.6 (s), 140.7 (d, J=7.5 Hz), 134.3 (d, J=7.9 Hz), 117.6 (d, J=23.9 Hz), 117.4 (d, J=22.5 Hz), 115.1 (d, J=3.0 Hz), 42.2 (s), 20.6 (s).
    • 2-(2-Fluoro-6-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11m)
  • 2-Fluoro-6-methylbenzaldehyde (10m) (1.01 g, 7.30 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using propane-1,3-diamine (663 μl, 590 mg, 7.75 mmol), K2CO3 (2.99 g, 21.7 mmol) and I2 (2.30 g, 9.06 mmol). 2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11m) was received as yellowish solid (1.13 mg, 5.87 mmol, 80%).
  • GC/MS (tr=15.23 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=192 [M+] (100), 177 (45), 173 (19), 135 (46), 116 (15), 89 (12). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 300 MHz): δ=7.25 (s, J=3.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (td, J=8.0, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.12-3.02 (m, 4H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 75 MHz): δ=159.7 (d, J=247.3 Hz), 152.4 (s), 138.7 (d, J=2.4 Hz), 130.3 (d, J=8.8 Hz), 125.8 (d, J=2.8 Hz), 123.9 (d, J=16.5 Hz), 112.8 (d, J=21.6 Hz), 40.8 (s), 19.9 (s), 18.6 (d, J=2.1 Hz).
    • 2-(2-Fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11n)
  • 2-Fluoro-5-methylbenzaldehyde (10n) (1.38 g, 10.0 mmol) was subjected to general procedure, using ethane-1,2-diamine (734 μL, 660 mg, 11.0 mmol), K2CO3 (4.15 g, 30.1 mmol) and I2 (3.20 g, 12.6 mmol). 2-(2-Fluoro-5methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11n) was received as yellowish solid (1.71 g, 9.57 mmol, 96%).
  • 2.2 Cyclization Using Carbon Disulfide
  • General Procedure
  • To a mixture of 10 (1 eq.) and NaH (2 eq.) in DMF (3.3 ml/mmol) was added CS2 (2 eq.) under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring at 80° C. for 16 h the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The product was purified via chromatography.
    • 3,4-Dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12a)
  • 2-(2-Bromophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11a) (930 mg, 3.89 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml dry DMF, NaH (311 mg, 7.78 mmol, 60% suspension in oil) and CS2 (470 μl, 7.78 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 15 h at rt. Afterwards 800 μl MeOH was added and the solvent was evaporated. Purification via silica column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc 8:2; Rf: 0.4) gave the product as a bright yellow solid (500 mg, 55%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.21 (dd, J=8.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H, Ar), 7.44-7.36 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.10-6.94 (m, 1H, Ar), 4.56-4.25 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.75 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H, CH2), 2.22-1.86 (m, 2H, CH). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 189.78, 144.43, 131.93, 131.24, 128.95, 127.60, 126.31, 121.66, 48.76, 45.51, 21.62.
    • 2H-Benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-5(3H)-thione (12b)
  • 2-(2-bromophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11b) (261 mg, 1.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 80.0 mg, 2.00 mmol) and carbon disulfide (120 μl, 151 mg, 1.99 mmol). 2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-5(3H)-thione (4a) was received as yellow crystals (156 mg, 612 μmol, 61%). GC/MS (tr=23.03 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=220 [M+] (100), 187 (30), 161 (31), 135 (27), 86 (37). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.17 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (td, J=8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.46-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.21-4.11 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=183.3, 151.6, 134.9, 132.7, 129.2, 127.8, 122.4, 120.6, 52.5, 52.1.
    • 9-Chloro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-5(31)-thione (12c)
  • 2-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11c) (520 mg, 2.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 82.1 mg, 2.05 mmol) and carbon disulfide (120 μl, 151 mg, 1.99 mmol). 9-Chloro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-5(3H)-thione (4b) was received as yellow crystals (360 mg, 1.41 mmol, 71%). GC/MS (tr=24.61 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=254 [M+] (100), 221 (36), 195 (34), 169 (22), 86 (64). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.13 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.48-4.29 (m, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=182.4, 150.7, 133.8, 133.2, 132.9, 128.9, 123.8, 122.1, 52.8, 52.3.
    • 9-(Dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12d)
  • 2-(2-Bromo-4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11d) (283 mg, 1.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 87.0 mg, 2.18 mmol) and carbon disulfide (120 μl, 151 mg, 1.99 mmol). 9-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (Sc) was received as yellow crystals (159 mg, 574 μmol, 57%). GC/MS (tr=28.95 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=277 [M+] (100), 244 (14), 219 (66), 191 (27), 177 (37).
    • 10-Chloro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12e)
  • 2-(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11e) (274 mg, 1.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 80.9 mg, 2.00 mmol) and carbon disulfide (121 μl, 152 mg, 2.00 mmol). 10-Chloro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (5b) was received as yellow crystals (168 mg, 626 μmol, 63%). GC/MS (tr=25.49 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=268 [M+] (100), 235 (14), 210 (62), 169 (22), 133 (16), 100 (28), 72 (65). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.21 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.4, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.75 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.03 (ddd, J=11.4, 7.8, 6.0 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=6 189.1, 143.3, 133.6, 131.4, 130.2, 128.8, 127.8, 123.0, 48.7, 45.6, 21.6.
    • 9-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12f)
  • 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11f) (783 mg, 3.99 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 195 mg, 8.14 mmol) and carbon disulfide (483 μl, 609 mg, 8.00 mmol). 9-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (5d) was received as yellow crystals (656 mg, 2.60 mmol, 65%). GC/MS (tr=23.17 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=252 (100) [M+], 194 (50), 192 (17), 166 (16), 99 (18), 72 (52), 41 (22). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.20 (dd, J=9.0, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (td, J=8.6, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (dd, J=7.9, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.45-4.34 (m, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (dt, J=11.9, 5.9 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=188.9 (s), 164.0 (d, J=255.4 Hz), 143.5 (s), 134.1 (d, J=8.7 Hz), 131.8 (d, J=8.9 Hz), 122.8 (s), 115.2 (d, J=22.0 Hz), 108.1 (d, J=24.7 Hz), 48.8 (s), 45.5 (s), 21.6 (s).
    • 9-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12g)
  • 2-(4-Bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11g) (1.02 g, 3.96 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 322 mg, 8.05 mmol) and carbon disulfide (480 μl, 605 mg, 8.05 mmol). 9-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (5e) was received as yellow crystals (578 mg, 1.84 mmol, 47%). GC/MS (tr=26.19 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=314 (100) [M+ (81Br)], 312 (94) [M+(79Br)], 256 (67), 254 (76), 113 (26), 72 (80), 41 (32). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.05 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J=8.7, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (dt, J=11.6, 5.9 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=188.9, 143.7, 133.8, 130.7, 126.0, 125.4, 124.07, 48.7, 45.7, 21.6.
    • 8-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12h)
  • 2-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11h) (788 mg, 4.01 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 320 mg, 8.00 mmol) and carbon disulfide (490 μl, 617 mg, 8.11 mmol). 8-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (5d) was received as yellow crystals (595 mg, 2.36 mmol, 59%). GC/MS (tr=23.53 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=252 (100) [M+], 219 (10), 194 (46), 153 (17), 72 (48), 41 (21). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (ddd, J=13.8, 7.9, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.09 (m, 1H), 4.46-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.75 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08-1.99 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=188.2 (s), 153.8 (d, J=245.2 Hz), 143.3 (d, J=3.4 Hz), 128.0 (s, J=2.1 Hz), 127.9 (d, J=7.6 Hz), 124.4 (d, J=2.9 Hz), 120.7 (d, J=20.1 Hz), 117.0 (d, J=19.5 Hz), 48.8 (s), 45.6 (s), 21.6 (s).
    • 7-Fluoro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-5(3H)-thione (12i)
  • 2-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole (11i) (728 mg, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 321 mg, 8.02 mmol) and carbon disulfide (490 μl, 617 mg, 8.11 mmol). 7-Fluoro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-5(3H)-thione (12i) was received as yellow solid (727 mg, 3.05 mmol, 76%). GC/MS (tr=24.61 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=254 [M] (100), 221 (36), 195 (34), 169 (22), 86 (64). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.94 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 1H), 4.39-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.16-4.11 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=181.4 (s), 154.4 (d, J=246.3 Hz), 150.7 (s), 128.4 (d, J=7.6 Hz), 124.7 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 123.4 (d, J=19.7 Hz), 122.4 (s), 118.5 (d, J=19.8 Hz), 52.9 (s), 52.3 (s).
    • 11-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12j)
  • 2-(2-Bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11j) (1.03 g, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 320 mg, 8.00 mmol) and carbon disulfide (490 μl, 617 mg, 8.11 mmol). 11-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12j) was received as yellow crystals (210 mg, 670 muol, 17%). GC/MS (tr=25.54 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=314 (80) [M+(81Br)], 312 (76) [M+(79Br)], 255 (64), 253 (73), 133 (30), 100 (37), 72 (100), 41 (42). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.63 (dd, J=8.0, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=7.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.39-4.28 (m, 2H), 3.84 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.16-2.06 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=187.9, 144.6, 134.9, 134.3, 131.2, 125.9, 122.8, 121.9, 48.3, 45.9, 23.4.
    • 9-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12k)
  • 2-(2-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11k) (767 mg, 3.99 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 322 mg, 8.06 mmol) and carbon disulfide (490 μl, 617 mg, 8.11 mmol). 9-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(21H)-thione (12k) was received as yellow crystals (323 mg, 1.30 mmol, 33%). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 4.49-4.41 (m, 2H), 3.75 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.04 (dt, J=11.8, 5.9 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=190.1, 144.9, 142.3, 132.0, 129.1, 129.0, 123.6, 121.8, 48.9, 45.4, 21.6, 21.4.
    • 10-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (121)
  • 2-(2-Bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11l) (1.03 g, 4.00 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 320 mg, 8.00 mmol) and carbon disulfide (490 μl, 617 mg, 8.11 mmol). 10-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (121) was received as yellow solid (482 mg, 1.90 mmol, 48%). GC/MS (tr=23.17 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=23.43 min, 70 eV, EI) m/z (%)=252 (100) [M+], 194 (48), 100 (20), 72 (49). 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=7.92 (dd, J=10.1, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J=8.7, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47-4.39 (m, 2H), 3.74 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.03 (dt, J=12.2, 5.9 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz): δ=189.3 (s), 161.9 (d, J=247.1 Hz), 143.4 (s), 128.5 (d, J=8.1 Hz), 127.4 (s), 123.6 (d, J=7.8 Hz), 119.2 (d, J=23.4 Hz), 115.6 (d, J=25.2 Hz), 48.6 (s), 45.6 (s), 21.6 (s).
    • 11-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12m)
  • 2-(2-Fluoro-6-methylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine (11m) (716 mg, 3.72 mmol) was subjected to general procedure for cyclization using NaH (60%, 325 mg, 8.13 mmol) and carbon disulfide (480 μl, 605 mg, 7.94 mmol). 11-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12m) was received as yellow solid (528 mg, 2.13 mmol, 57%). 12m was immediately reacted with bromine cyanide to yield 13m (see below).
  • 2.3 Cyclization Using Bromine Cyanide
  • General Procedure
  • The thiazinethione 11 (1 eq.) was suspended in 0.1 M NaOH (20 ml/mmol, MeOH:H2O=9:1) and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 16 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dried azeotrope with MeOH (3×20 ml/mmol) and CHCl3 (2×20 ml/mmol). The solid was suspended under Argon atmosphere in dry EtOH (4 ml/mmol) and BrCN (2 eq.) was added. The mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 h, 2 M NaOH (4 ml/mmol) was added and the solution was extracted with CHCl3 (2×20 mL/mmol). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4) and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (AlO2—N).
    • 3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13a)
  • 3,4-Dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazine-6(2H)-thione (12a) (450 mg, 1.92 mmol) was suspended in 36 ml MeOH and 4 ml 0.1 M NaOH and stirred under reflux for 9 h and 14 h at rt. Afterwards the solvent was evaporated and coevaporated (2×20 ml MeOH, 2×20 ml CHCl3). The residue was suspended in dry EtOH (8 ml), BrCN (406 mg, 3.84 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred under reflux. After 2.5 h the suspension was cooled to 0° C., 2M NaOH (2 mL) was added and the whole was extracted with CHCl3 (3×20 ml). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (Al2O3, hexane-EtOAc 9:1, Rf:0.25) to obtain 40 mg (10%) of the desired compound and 210 mg of the starting material. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.21 (dd, J=7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H, Ar), 7.46-7.10 (m, 3H, NH, 2Ar), 7.10-6.95 (m, 1H, Ar), 4.13-3.95 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.68 (t, 2H, CH2), 2.08-1.87 (m, 2H, CH2). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 153.51, 146.72, 130.67, 128.96, 126.93, 126.39, 123.67, 45.06, 43.94, 21.17.
    • 2H-Benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13b) (Also Named 6a)
  • 12b (110 mg, 500 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (120 mg, 1.13 mmol). After purification 2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13b) (21.2 mg, 104 μmol, 21%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=1.145 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=204.1, M+H+ (calculated)=204.059. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.19 (dd, J=8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=8.0, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (s, 4H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz): δ=154.2, 132.1, 129.2, 126.6, 123.9, 121.1, 53.2, 47.5.
    • 9-Chloro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13c) (Also Named 6b)
  • 12c (128 mg, 502 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (139 mg, 1.31 mmol). After purification 9-Chloro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13c) (34.7 mg, 146 μmol, 29%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=5.935 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=238.0, M+H+ (calculated)=238.020. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.15 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (s, 4H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz): δ=152.9, 150.7, 133.0, 132.5, 130.2, 128.9, 125.3, 122.0, 53.1, 47.7, 29.7.
    • 6-Imino-N,N-dimethyl-2,3,4,6-tetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-9-imine (13d) (Also Named 7c)
  • 12d (84.3 mg, 304 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (95.0 mg, 897 μmol). After purification 6-Imino-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13d) (32.5 mg, 125 μmol, 41%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=8.143 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=261.1, M+H+ (calculated)=261.117. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.10-8.03 (m, 1H), 6.58-6.52 (m, 1H), 6.17 (d, J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.04-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.64 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (s, 6H), 2.00-1.91 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz): δ=13C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 154.4, 151.6, 147.1, 130.1, 130.1, 114.4, 110.9, 104.6, 44.8, 44.0, 40.1, 21.3.
    • 10-Chloro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13e) (Also Named 7b)
  • 12e (134 mg, 500 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (123 mg, 1.17 mmol). After purification 10-Chloro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13e) (35.6 mg, 141 μmol, 28%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=8.143 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=252.1, M+H+ (calculated)=252.036. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.23 (d, J=2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.13 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.05-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.68 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.01-1.89 (m, 2H). 13C-NM (126 MHz, CDCl3) δ 152.7, 145.6, 132.5, 130.8, 128.87, 128.3, 127.3, 124.9, 45.1, 43.9, 21.1.
    • 9-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13f) (Also Named 7d)
  • 12f (252 mg, 998 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (287 mg, 2.71 mmol). After purification 9-Fluoro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13f) (82.4 mg, 350 μmol, 35%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=8.143 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=261.1, M+H+ (calculated)=235.058. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.21 (dd, J=9.0, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (s, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (ddd, J=9.0, 8.1, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (dd, J=8.2, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (td, J=11.4, 6.0 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz): δ=163.7 (d, J=253.6 Hz), 152.6 (s), 145. (s), 131.6 (d, J=8.9 Hz), 131.0 (d, J=9.1 Hz), 123.1 (s), 114.0 (d, J=21.7 Hz), 110.1 (d, J=24.9 Hz), 44.9 (s), 43.9 (s), 21.1 (s).
    • 9-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13g) (Also Named 7e)
  • 12g (313 mg, 1.00 mmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (226 mg, 2.13 mmol). After purification 9-Bromo-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13g) (89.9 mg, 304 μmol, 30%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=1.124 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=296.0, M+H+ (calculated)=295.985.
    • 8-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13h) (Also Named 7)
  • 12h (252 mg, 998 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (211 mg, 1.99 mmol). After purification 8-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13h) (123 mg, 524 μmol, 53%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=1.127 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=236.1, M+H+ (calculated)=236.065. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.05-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.17 (td, J=8.1, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (td, J=8.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.67 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.00-1.92 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz): δ=155.7 (d, J=243.5 Hz), 151.8 (s), 145.8 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 128.5 (s), 126.5 (d, J=7.6 Hz), 124.4 (d, J=2.7 Hz), 116.5 (d, J=19.7 Hz), 45.0 (s), 44.0 (s), 21.0 (s).
    • 7-Fluoro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13i)
  • 12i (238 mg, 997 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (232 mg, 2.19 mmol). After purification 7-Fluoro-2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imine (13i) (45.5 mg, 206 μmol, 21%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=5.935 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=238.0, M+H+ (calculated)=238.020. 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δ=8.15 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (s, 4H). 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 126 MHz): δ=152.9, 150.7, 133.0, 132.5, 130.2, 128.9, 125.3, 122.0, 53.1, 47.7, 29.7.
    • 11-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13j)
  • 12j (156 mg, 498 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (106 mg, 997 mmol). After purification 11-Bromo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13j) (52.3 mg, 177 μmol, 35%) was obtained as a yellowish solid. LC/MS (tr=5. min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=0.1, M+H+ (calculated)=232.090.
    • 9-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13k)
  • 12k (248 mg, 499 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (293 mg, 2.76 mmol). After purification 9-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13k) (123 mg, 530 μmol, 28%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=5.337 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=232.1, M+H+ (calculated)=232.090. 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ=8.09 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=8.3, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.04-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.65 (t, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.94 (td, J=11.3, 6.0 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ=153.7, 146.7, 141.2, 128.9, 128.7, 127.6, 124.1, 123.7, 44.9, 43.9, 21.2, 21.1.
    • 10-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13l)
  • 121 (241 mg, 954 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (212 mg, 2.00 mmol). After purification 10-Fluoro-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13l) (73.3 mg, 312 μmol, 33%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=1.105 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=236.1, M+H+ (calculated)=236.065. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.27 (td, J=8.1, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (ddd, J=11.1, 8.3, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (td, J=11.5, 6.1 Hz, 2H). 13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ=160.6 (d, J=261.6 Hz), 152.6 (s), 144.9 (d, J=9.2 Hz), 131.6 (s), 131.2 (d, J=9.9 Hz), 120.1 (d, J=4.0 Hz), 117.4 (d, J=9.1 Hz), 115.4 (d, J=24.0 Hz), 45.5 (s), 44.1 (s), 21.8 (s).
    • 11-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13m)
  • 12m (232 mg, 933 μmol) was subjected to the general procedure using BrCN (251 mg, 2.37 mmol). After purification 11-Methyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imine (13m) (74.2 mg, 321 μmol, 34%) was obtained as a colorless solid. LC/MS (tr=6.153 min, ESI) M+H+ (measured)=232.1, M+H+ (calculated)=236.090. 1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ=7.17 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J=7.7, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.70-3.64 (m, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.91 (m, 2H). 13C-NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) δ=153.9, 148.8, 139.3, 130.6, 129.8, 129.4, 128.1, 122.6, 45.3, 44.2, 23.0, 22.7.
    • Example 3 Inhibition of Histonedeacetylase Activity
  • For HDAC1, 2, 3 and 6:
  • The activity of HDAC1 was determined by a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al (2003). 1 nM of HDAC1 was incubated with increasing concentrations of the respective compound for 30 minutes at 30° C. The reaction was initiated by addition of 50 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC. After an incubation of 60 minutes the reaction was stopped by addition of 20 μM SAHA and the deacetylated substrate was converted into a fluorescent product by the addition of trypsin.
  • For HDAC4, 5, 7 and 8:
  • The activity of HDAC4 was determined by a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al. (2003). 1 nM of HDAC4 was incubated with increasing concentrations of the respective compound for 30 minutes at 30° C. The reaction was initiated by addition of 20 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(trifluoracetyl)-AMC. After an incubation of 60 minutes the reaction was stopped by addition of 20 μM SAHA and the deacetylated substrate was converted into a fluorescent product by the addition of trypsin.
  • The following results are shown in FIG. 3.
  • Inhibition of HDACs 1, 5, 7 and 8 by P2742, KA089, KA090 and KA091 was tested. The HDAC activity was investigated using a colorimetric assay as described by Wegener et al. (2003) using 50 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(Ac)-AMC for HDAC1 or 20 μM of the substrate Boc-Lys(TFA)-AMC for HDAC5, 7 and 8.
  • The IC50-values of P2742 were determined to be 3.0 jμM for HDAC1, 0.11 μM for HDAC5, 0.24 μM for HDAC7 and 0.012 μM for HDAC8. For KA089 the IC50-values were 20 μM for HDAC1, 13 μM for HDAC5, 0.51 μM for HDAC7 and 0.20 μM for HDAC8. The compound KA090 showed IC50-values of 34 μM for HDAC1, 12 gμM for HDAC5, 2.1 μM for HDAC7 and 0.071 μM for HDAC8. The IC50-values of KA091 were 7.9 μM for HDAC1, 1.0 μM for HDAC5, 0.080 μM for HDAC7 and 0.0055 μM for HDAC8.
  • Further results are shown in Table 1.
  • TABLE 1
    IC50-values of compounds of the invention on different HDAC isoforms in μM.
    IC50 (μM)
    Cp HDAC1 HDAC2 HDAC3 HDAC4 HDAC5 HDAC6 HDAC7 HDAC8
    13a 3.6 ± 0.8  32 ± 1.5 >50 8.6 ± 1.5 0.11 ± 0.01 6.7 ± 0.8 0.22 ± 0.02 0.011 ± 0.001
    13b >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.3 ± 0.7 4.4 ± 0.8
    13c 21 ± 1  >50 >50 >50 13 ± 1  32 ± 18 0.5 ± 0.2 0.18 ± 0.02
    13d 34 ± 2  >50 >50 >50 12 ± 1  14 ± 1  2.0 ± 0.5 0.072 ± 0.003
    13e 7.9 ± 0.2 >50 20 ± 1  5.7 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.1 1.2 ± 0.4 0.08 ± 0.02 0.0059 ± 0.0003
    13f 2.9 ± 0.3 >50   10 ± 0.56 2.84 ± 0.13 0.17 ± 0.02 9.0 ± 4.0 2.6 ± 0.4 0.0041 ± 0.0002
    13g 1.7 ± 0.2 >50 6.7 ± 0.4 2.0 ± 0.1 0.14 ± 0.02 2.8 ± 0.7 1.7 ± 0.2 0.0029 ± 0.0001
    13h 35 ± 3  >50 >50 5.1 ± 0.6 0.74 ± 0.16 5.2 ± 1.1 5 ± 1 0.017 ± 0.001
    13i >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 9.2 ± 0.3
    13j 2.6 ± 0.3 16 ± 2  7.0 ± 0.5 2.3 ± 0.3 0.038 ± 0.001 1.4 ± 0.2 2.0 ± 0.7 0.0063 ± 0.0004
    13k 5.8 ± 0.3 >50 26 ± 4  7.6 ± 0.8 0.24 ± 0.01 1.3 ± 0.3 2.5 ± 0.1 0.0054 ± 0.0004
    13l 2.1 ± 0.2 30 ± 2  5.3 ± 0.4 2.2 ± 0.3 0.046 ± 0.003 0.65 ± 0.11 1.5 ± 0.4 0.0060 ± 0.0006
    13 3.7 ± 0.4 >50 9.6 ± 0.7 3.2 ± 0.5 0.038 ± 0.002 1.3 ± 0.3 1.3 ± 0.2 0.0043 ± 0.0005
    12a >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 2.8 ± 0.3
    12g >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 0.6 ± 0.1
    12h >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 13 ± 1 
    12k >50 >50 >50 >50 33 ± 2  >50 >50 0.72 ± 0.08
     1 0.062 ± 0.004 0.17 ± 0.01 0.054 ±     27 ± 4  24 ± 3  0.089 ± 0.007 12 ± 1  5.3 ± 1.2
     6 3.0 ± 0.2 45 ± 13 38 ± 3  10 ± 1  >50 18 ± 6  9.8 ± 1.4 0.024 ± 0.002
    1 = SAHA;
    6 = PCI-34051;
    The IC50-values were determined using a colorimetric assay as described above. Controls are SAHA (Vorinostat) and the best known selective HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051.
    • Example 4 Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cell Lines
  • TABLE 2
    GI50-values of compounds of the invention on different
    cell lines in μM. The growth inhibition of the cancer
    cell lines was determined using the resazurin assay.
    GI50 (μM)
    Cpd SK-UT-1 MCF7 JURKAT
    13a  736 ± 659 >1000 63 ± 8
    13b  343 ± 191 213 ± 50  558 ± 342
    13c 64 ± 7 60 ± 6 67 ± 8
    13d 106 ± 21 200 ± 58 153 ± 28
    13e >1000 >1000 56 ± 9
    13f 147 ± 73 >1000 33 ± 3
    13g 76 ± 7 >1000 30 ± 3
    13h >1000 >1000 42 ± 3
    13i 109 ± 29 16 ± 3 24 ± 3
    13j 16 ± 3 11 ± 3 17 ± 3
    13k  45 ± 16  44 ± 12 36 ± 4
    13l 24 ± 5  79 ± 11 16 ± 2
    13m 35 ± 2 179 ± 66 23 ± 2
    1 (SAHA)  5.4 ± 0.4  3.7 ± 0.4  3.7 ± 0.4
    6 (PCI-34051) 136 ± 62  65 ± 18 40 ± 4
    • Example 5 Testing of Further Compounds
  • The conditions were as described in Examples 3 and 4.
  • TABLE 3
    IC50-values of further compounds of the invention on HDAC1-8 in μM.
    LabId
    Cmp Nr HDAC1 HDAC2 HDAC3 HDAC4 HDAC5 HDAC6 HDAC7 HDAC8
    12a bh1-104 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 4.7 ± 0.6 >50 2.8 ± 0.3
    12b KA027 >50 >50 >50 19 >50 >50 >50 16 ± 1 
    12c KA032 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 23 ± 1 
    12d KA044 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 4.7 ± 1   >50 3.8 ± 0.4
    12e KA028 — — — — — — — 0.21 ± 0.01
    12f NaF09 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.6 ± 0.1
    12g KA167 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 12 ± 2  >50 0.60 ± 0.05
    12h KA170 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 12 ± 1 
    12i KA172 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 2.2 ± 0.2
    12j NaF11 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.5 ± 0.2
    12k KA181 >50 >50 >50 >50  33 >50 >50 0.72 ± 0.08
    12l NaF12 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.7 ± 0.1
    12m SaH05 >50 >50 >50 >50  39 >50  15 ± 5 1.3 ± 0.1
    12n KA100 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.2 ± 0.1
    12o KA092 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 17 ± 1 
    12p NaF03 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.6 ± 0.3
    12q NaF15 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 3.8 ± 0.6
    12r KA180 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 4.2 ± 0.2
    12s SaH02 >50 >50 >50 >50 26 ± 1  >50 >50 1.9 ± 0.1
    12t SaH03 >50 >50 >50 17 ± 2 4.0 ± 0.2 >50 4.5 ± 2 0.015 ± 0.002
    12u SaH04 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 3.4 ± 1 2.3 ± 0.2
    12v SaH06 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 5.4 ± 0.5
    12w KA182 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 >50 1.7 ± 0.1
    12x KA192 >50 >50 >50 >50 9.5 ± 0.8 >50 >50 0.46 ± 0.04
  • TABLE 4
    GI50-values of the further compounds of the
    invention on different cell lines in μM.
    Compound SKUT-1 MCF-7 Jurkat
    12h 107 ± 26 99 ± 13 712 ± 621
    12x  67 ± 20 51 ± 8  7.2 ± 0.4
    • Example 6
  • Chemoinformatics
  • The chemical structures of the imine series were represented by 249 chemical 2D descriptors implemented in the MOE program (Chemical Computing Group Inc.). Subsequently, the relationship between the IC50 values against HDAC8 and the chemical structures was analyzed by a classical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the same program.
  • The imine function is crucial for very strong inhibition of HDAC8, because the corresponding thione intermediates 12a-m are substantially less potent against this enzyme (see Table 1). Furthermore, the ring size of the nitrogen heterocycle had a tremendous impact on potency: As demonstrated by the direct comparison of three matching pairs of imine compounds (13a/13b, 13e/13c, 13h/13i), the 3,4-dihydrobenzo[e]pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-6(2H)-imines were at least 30 times more potent than the corresponding 2H-benzo[e]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazin-5(3H)-imines. Substitutions with halogens or methyl were well tolerated at each aromatic position of lead compound 13a and lead to IC50 values in the single digit nanomolar range. However, a dimethylamino group at R2-position is clearly disfavored and causes a strong drop in activity against the target enzyme. A principal component analysis (PCA) using 2D chemical descriptors of the thiazin-imines is shown in FIG. 5. The most potent compounds with single nanomolar activity are grouped in a prolate cluster which is highlighted by a black ellipsis in the center of the diagram. The PCA illustrates the large chemical space which is covered by diverse compounds with nanomolar potencies. This opens many opportunities to explore all aromatic positions of the thiazin-imine pharmacophore and further optimize the potency of this compound class while preserving beneficial physico chemical parameters. Based on the observed correlation between potency and selectivity we also expect an improvement in the selective recognition of HDAC8.
  • The features disclosed in the foregoing description, in the claims and/or in the accompanying drawings may, both separately and in any combination thereof, be material for realizing the invention in diverse forms thereof.
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Claims (17)

1-17. (canceled)
18. A method for inhibiting an enzyme of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family wherein said method comprises use of a compound having the general formula III
Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00009
wherein
n is an integer of 1 to 7,
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from
hydrogen,
halogen,
NO2, CN, SO3, N(R10)2,
O—X, S—X, NRR—X, —NR10C(═O)—X, S(═O)—X, S(═O)2—X, NHS(═O)2—X,
C1-C6alkyl-X, C2-C6alkenyl-X, C2-C6alkynyl-X, C1-C6heteroalkyl-X, C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-O—X, C1-C3alkyl-O—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8—C1-C3alkyl —X, C1-C6alkyl-C(═O)NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-C(═O)NR8—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NRRC(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8C(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S—X, C1-C3alkyl-S—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)2—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)2—C1-C3alkyl-X, C(═O)—X, C(═O)—NR8—X, C(═O)—C1-C6alkyl-X,
substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl,
Si1-Si3silyl-X, Si2-Si4siloxane-X;
X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, hydroxyC1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C5heterocycloalkylC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, CN, NO2, SO3, CO2R9, C(═O)R9, S—R9, S(═O)—R9, S(═O)2—R9, NR10C(═O)—R9, C(═O)N(R10)2, S(═O)2N(R10)2, NR10S(═O)2—R9, OC(═O)N(R10)2, NR10C(═O)O—R9, —OC(═O)O—R9, NHC(═O)NH—R9, OC(═O)R9, N(R10)2, C1-C2alkylN(R10)2, C2-C6alkyne, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, Si1-Si3silyl, and Si2—Si4siloxane;
R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and
R10 and R11 are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
or a pharmaceutically accepted salt or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof.
19. The method, according to claim 18, wherein n is an integer from 1 to 4.
20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the compound selectively inhibits HDAC8.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein
n is 1 or 2; and/or
R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen; and/or
two or three of R3, R4, R5, and R6 are hydrogen; and/or
R3, R4, R5 and R6 are each independently selected from hydrogen; halogen; C1-C6alkyl; alkylamino; N(R10)2 with R10 being C1-C6 alkyl; and C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X with X being hydrogen.
22. The method of claim 18, wherein the compound is selected from:
a compound having general formula III wherein n is 1; R3 is alkyl, and R4, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen;
a compound having general formula III wherein n is 2; R3, R4, and R5 are each hydrogen; and R6 is halogen;
a compound having general formula III wherein n is 2; R3, R4, and R6 are each hydrogen; and R5 is halogen;
a compound having general formula III wherein n is 2; R3, R4, and R6 are each hydrogen; and R5 is alkyl;
a compound having general formula III wherein n is 1; R3, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen; and R4 is halogen.
23. The method, according to claim 22, wherein n is 1, R3 is methyl, and R4, R5 and R6 are each hydrogen.
24. The method, according to claim 22, wherein n is 2; R3, R4, and R5 are each hydrogen; and R6 is F.
25. The method, according to claim 22, wherein 2; R3, R4, and R6 are each hydrogen; and R5 is Br.
26. The method, according to claim 22, wherein n is 2; R3, R4, and R6 are each hydrogen; and R5 is methyl.
27. The method, according to claim 22, wherein n is 1; R3, R5, and R6 are each hydrogen; and R4 is Br.
28. The method according to claim 18, which is used to treat cancer.
29. The method, according to claim 28, wherein the cancer is neuroblastoma, T-cell lymphomas, urothelial or breast cancer.
30. The method according to claim 28, wherein said compound is used in combination with a cytostatic compound.
31. The method according to claim 18, which is used to treat an infection caused by a eukaryotic parasite.
32. The method, according to claim 31, wherein the eukaryotic parasite is Schistosoma mansoni or Plasmodium falciparum.
33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) at least one a compound having the general formula III
Figure US20180311257A1-20181101-C00010
wherein
n is an integer of 1 to 7,
R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are each independently selected from
hydrogen,
halogen,
NO2, CN, SO3, N(R10)2,
O—X, S—X, NR8—X, —NR10C(═O)—X, S(═O)—X, S(═O)2—X, NHS(═O)2—X,
C1-C6alkyl-X, C2-C6alkenyl-X, C2-C6alkynyl-X, C1-C6heteroalkyl-X, C1-C6fluoroalkyl-X, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-O—X, C1-C3alkyl-O—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8—C1-C3alkyl —X, C1-C6alkyl-C(═O)NR8—X, C1-C3alkyl-C(═O)NR8—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-NR8C(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-NR8C(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S—X, C1-C3alkyl-S—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)—C1-C3alkyl-X, C1-C6alkyl-S(═O)2—X, C1-C3alkyl-S(═O)2—C1-C3alkyl-X, C(═O)—X, C(═O)—NR8—X, C(═O)—C1-C6alkyl-X,
substituted or unsubstituted C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl,
Si1—Si3silyl-X, Si2—Si4siloxane-X;
X is hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from aryl, heteroaryl, C1-C6alkyl, C2-C6alkenyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, hydroxyC1-C3alkylaminoC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C5heterocycloalkylC1-C3alkoxy, C2-C8heterocycloalkylC1-C2alkyl, CN, NO2, SO3, CO2R9, C(═O)R9, S—R9, S(═O)—R9, S(═O)2—R9, NR10C(═O)—R9, C(═O)N(R10)2, S(═O)2N(R10)2, NR10S(═O)2—R9, OC(═O)N(R10)2, NR10C(═O)O—R9, —OC(═O)O—R9, NHC(═O)NH—R9, OC(═O)R9, N(R10)2, C1-C2alkylN(R10)2, C2-C6alkyne, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C10cycloalkyl, C2-C10heterocycloalkyl, Si1—Si3silyl, and Si2—Si4siloxane;
R8 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;
R9 is a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; and
R10 and R11 are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted group selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6fluoroalkyl, partially fluorinated C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6heteroalkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C2-C8heterocycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl;
or a pharmaceutically accepted salt or pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof, and
(b) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient(s) and/or carrier.
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