Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
  • A61K8/8182—Copolymers of vinyl-pyrrolidones. Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/22—Peroxides; Oxygen; Ozone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
  • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
  • A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/817—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Compositions or derivatives of such polymers, e.g. vinylimidazol, vinylcaprolactame, allylamines (Polyquaternium 6)
  • A61K8/8176—Homopolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones. Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/86—Polyethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/48—Thickener, Thickening system

Definitions

• structure-building agents also referred to as gelling agents, thickening agents, or thickeners
• gelling agents also referred to as gelling agents, thickening agents, or thickeners
• thickening agents are used in oral care composition to increase a viscosity of the oral care composition and to provide a structure to hold other ingredients of the oral care composition, such as whitening agents, in a homogenous state or in a chemically and/or physically stable environment.
• Structure-building agents may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
• Hydrophilic gelling agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Carbopol, etc.
• PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
• hydrophobic gelling agents such as plastic gels
• conventional structure-building agents such as PVP, Carbopol, plastic gels, etc., are not able to provide a fully homogenous structure to oral care compositions when the oral care composition includes significant amounts of non-aqueous dispersants.
• Oral care products with teeth whitening attributes also use a variety of active ingredients to remove stains or whiten teeth.
• the most commonly used whitening active ingredients are peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide.
• Hydrogen peroxide can bleach the teeth, remove stains, and kill bacteria.
• peroxides may be highly reactive, and consequently may be difficult to formulate.
• hydrogen peroxide can spontaneously decompose to form oxygen gas (O 2 ) and water, so that on storage, oral care compositions using hydrogen peroxide may bloat, burst or leak, and the remaining formulation may not have enough peroxide remaining to clean and whiten teeth effectively.
• Some formulations initially comprise very high levels of peroxide, which decomposes over time, so that the exact amount of peroxide delivered on application is variable and largely depends on how long and under what conditions the dentifrice has been stored.
• structure-building agents that can provide a stable and homogeneous structure to oral care compositions that include non-aqueous liquids as dispersants and hydrogen peroxide whitening agents.
• an oral care composition including from about 0.01% to about 60% of peroxydone complex, based on a total weight of the oral care composition; from about 0.01% to about 99% of a non-aqueous dispersant, based on the total weight of the oral care composition, and from about 0.01% to about 60% of a polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent, based on the total weight of the oral care composition, wherein the non-aqueous dispersant includes a non-aqueous liquid, and the oral care composition includes from about 1% to about 70% of the non-aqueous liquid, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the peroxydone complex includes a crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with hydrogen peroxide (PVP-H 2 O 2 ).
• the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer is a polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer.
• the dispersant includes a liquid poloxamer or a paste poloxamer.
• the liquid poloxamer includes polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene glycol.
• the non-aqueous liquid includes one or more of the group consisting of glycerin monoacetate, triacetin, diethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and propylene glycol diacetate (PGDA).
• glycerin monoacetate triacetin
• diethylene glycol diacetate diethylene glycol diacetate
• ethylene glycol diacetate ethylene glycol diacetate
• PGDA propylene glycol diacetate
• the non-aqueous liquid includes triacetin, and wherein the oral care composition comprises at least 0.01% triacetin, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the non-aqueous liquid includes PGDA and wherein the oral care composition comprises at least 0.01% PGDA, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes an equal or greater amount of non-aqueous liquid to polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent, such that a mass ratio of the non-aqueous liquid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent is 50:50 or greater.
• a mass ratio of the non-aqueous liquid to the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent is from about 90 to 50 non-aqueous liquid to about 10 to 50 polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer structure-building agent.
• the non-aqueous liquid has a log P value of from about ⁇ 2.0 to about 2.0
• a viscosity of the oral care composition is from about 50,000 to about 500,000 cPs.
• the oral care composition further includes at least one ingredient from the group consisting of: a whitening agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, a flavoring, a sweetener, a pH modifiers, an abrasive, an anticalculus agent, a source of fluoride ions, a stannous ion source, a colorant, a dye, and a pigment.
• the at least one ingredient is orally acceptable.
• the oral care composition is a dentifrice.
• non-aqueous oral care composition including from about 0.01% to about 60% of peroxydone complex, based on a total weight of the oral care composition; from about 0.01% to about 60% of a amphiphilic copolymer structure-building agent, based on the total weight of the oral care composition; and from about 0.01% to about 99% of a non-aqueous liquid dispersant, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• amphiphilic copolymer is a polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate copolymer.
• the non-aqueous liquid includes one or more of the group consisting of glycerin monoacetate, triacetin, diethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and propylene glycol diacetate (PGDA).
• glycerin monoacetate triacetin
• diethylene glycol diacetate diethylene glycol diacetate
• ethylene glycol diacetate ethylene glycol diacetate
• PGDA propylene glycol diacetate
• the non-aqueous liquid includes triacetin.
• the non-aqueous liquid includes PGDA.
• the term “or” is an inclusive operator, and is equivalent to the term “and/or,” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
• the term “based on” is not exclusive and allows for being based on additional factors not described, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
• the recitation of “at least one of A, B, and C,” includes embodiments containing A, B, or C, multiple examples of A, B, or C, or combinations of A/B, A/C, B/C, A/B/B/B/B/C, A/B/C, etc.
• the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references.
• the meaning of“in” includes “in” and “on.”
• first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
• a first object, component, or step could be termed a second object, component, or step, and, similarly, a second object, component, or step could be termed a first object, component, or step, without departing from the scope of the invention.
• the first object, component, or step, and the second object, component, or step are both, objects, component, or steps, respectively, but they are not to be considered the same object, component, or step.
• any numerical range of values herein are understood to include each and every number and/or fraction between the stated range minimum and maximum, as well as the endpoints.
• a range of 0.5-6% would expressly include all intermediate values of, for example, 0.6%, 0.7%, and 0.9%, all the way up to and including 5.95%, 5.97%, and 5.99%, among many others.
• the present inventors have surprisingly discovered a stable oral care composition using novel structure-building agents with hydrogen peroxide teeth whitening agents and one or more non-aqueous liquids or dispersants.
• the oral care composition includes one or more peroxide whitening agent.
• a “whitening agent” is a material which effects whitening of a tooth surface to which it is applied.
• the whitening agent is an oxidizing agent.
• oxidizing agent is intended to include those compounds which can accept an electron from another molecule in the environment of the oral cavity without having a deleterious or unacceptably harmful effect on the oral cavity in normal and accepted use.
• the whitening agent may include peroxides and hydroperoxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals, organic peroxy compounds, peroxy acids, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
• Peroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals include lithium peroxide, potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, calcium peroxide, barium peroxide, and mixtures thereof.
• Organic peroxy compounds include urea peroxide, carbamide peroxide (also known as urea hydrogen peroxide), glyceryl hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydrogen peroxides, dialkyl peroxides, alkyl peroxy acids, peroxy esters, diacyl peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, and monoperoxyphthalate, and mixtures thereof.
• Peroxy acids and their salts include organic peroxy acids such as alkyl peroxy acids, and monoperoxyphthalate and mixtures thereof, as well as inorganic peroxy acid salts such as percarbonate, perphosphate, perborate and persilicate salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals such as lithium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and barium, and mixtures thereof.
• the whitening agent includes a peroxydone complex.
• a peroxydone complex also known as polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogen peroxide complexes (PVP-H 2 O 2 ), peroxydone complexes are the powder formed of hydrogen peroxide and a polymer. In these complexes, hydrogen peroxide is stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidino polymer via hydrogen bonds, and is released once the complex contacts water.
• PVP-H 2 O 2 polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogen peroxide complexes
• the peroxide may be provided as a peroxydone complex.
• the whitening agent may be a crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with hydrogen peroxide (PVP-H 2 O 2 ).
• PVP-H 2 O 2 is available commercially as Peroxydone XL 10F, 18% H 2 O 2 , from Ashland Inc.
• the PVP-H 2 O 2 dissociates into individual species (PVP polymer and H 2 O 2 ).
• the PVP-H 2 O 2 complex is generally comprised of about 80% by weight polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 20% by weight H 2 O 2 .
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 60% whitening agent based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about 0.1 weight % to about 30 weight % whitening agent. In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes about 0.55 weight % whitening agent based on a total weight of the oral care composition. For example, in one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 60% crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone complexed with hydrogen peroxide (PVP-H 2 O 2 ) based on a total weight of the oral care composition.
• PVP-H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.1 weight % to about 30 weight % PVP-H 2 O 2 , from about 0.2 weight % to about 10 weight % PVP-H 2 O 2 , and from about 0.4 weight % to about 1 weight % PVP-H 2 O 2 . In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes about 0.55 weight % PVP-H 2 O 2 .
• the oral care composition includes one or more dispersants.
• the whitening agent is initially in a powdered or solid form and is dispersed by the dispersant to form the oral care composition.
• the dispersant is a non-aqueous dispersant.
• the dispersant is a non-aqueous liquid and serves to stabilize the whitening agent in the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition is non-aqueous, but the dispersant is sufficiently hydrophilic to react in an aqueous environment, such as the oral cavity, to release the whitening agent.
• the released whitening agent such as PVP-H 2 O 2 , will dissolve and activate in the aqueous environment.
• the non-aqueous oral care composition is activated when exposed to water outside of the oral cavity.
• the oral care composition includes one or more non-aqueous liquids.
• the oral care composition is non-aqueous, such that the moisture range of the oral care composition is about 5 weight % or less.
• the oral care composition includes a liquid or paste-like poloxamer, with average molecular weight less than 7000 Dalton, as an non-aqueous dispersant.
• the dispersant may include one or more of Pluronic® L35, Pluronic® L43, Pluronic® L64, Pluronic® L10, Pluronic® L44, Pluronic® L62, Pluronic® 10R5, Pluronic® 17R4, Pluronic®L25R4, Pluronic® P84, Pluronic® P65, Pluronic® P104, and Pluronic® P105.
• Pluronic® brand dispersants are commercially available from BASF, Florham Park, N.J.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 99% non-aqueous dispersant based on the total weight of the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight % non-aqueous dispersant. In yet another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % non-aqueous dispersant. For example, in one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.01 weight % to about 99 weight % L35, from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight % L35, or from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % L35.
• the oral care composition includes one or more non-aqueous liquids as non-aqueous dispersants or liquid carriers.
• a structure-building agent is combined with one or more non-aqueous liquids to create a gel to support other components of the oral care composition.
• the non-aqueous liquid is a hydrophobic non-aqueous liquid.
• non-aqueous or “non-aqueous liquid” refers to a substance, or mixture of substances, that has a moisture content of 5% or less by weight.
• the oral care composition may include one or more of glycerin monoacetate, triacetin, diethylene glycol diacetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, and propylene glycol diacetate (PGDA) as a non-aqueous liquid dispersant.
• Triacetin is commercially available as Glyceryl triacetate, from Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp.
• Propylene Glycol Diacetin (PGDA) is commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich Corp.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 99% non-aqueous liquid(s) based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight % non-aqueous liquid(s). In yet another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % non-aqueous liquid(s). For example, in one embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.01 weight % to about 99 weight % triacetin, from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight % triacetin, or from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % triacetin.
• the oral care composition includes about 26 weight % triacetin based on the total weight of the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about 0.01 weight % to about 99 weight % PGDA, from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight % PGDA, or from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % PGDA.
• the partition coefficient value may be used to determine the amphiphilic characteristics of an ingredient.
• the partition coefficient value may be used as a measure of lipophilicity. Large positive log P values indicate a lipophilic or hydrophobic nature, whereas, large negative log P value indicate a lipophobic or hydrophilic nature.
• the non-aqueous liquid has a log P value of about ⁇ 2 to about +2.
• an oral care composition may comprise a structure-building agent capable of holding other ingredients of the oral care composition in a homogenous state or in a chemically and/or physically stable environment.
• structural builder or structure-building agent refers to a material that not only may thicken the oral care composition, but may also maintain the oral care composition in a homogenous state.
• conventional structure-building agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Carbopol, plastic gels, etc., are not able to provide a homogenous structure to oral care compositions when the oral care composition includes significant amounts of non-aqueous liquids or dispersants. Instead, when the oral care composition containing conventional structure-building agents is mixed into a gel with non-aqueous liquids, physical separation of the gel normally occurs within a few hours after the gel is made.
• the oral care composition may also include one or more amphiphilic co-polymer structure-building agents capable of creating a stable and homogenous gel with non-aqueous liquids in the oral care composition.
• an “amphiphilic co-polymer” refers to a copolymer of two or more monomers, of which at least one is hydrophilic in nature, such as vinyl pyrrolidone, and at least one is hydrophobic in nature, such as vinyl acetate.
• amphiphilic co-polymers are able to interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic liquids to help build structures with these liquids or their mixture.
• the structure-building agent may include a polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP-VA) (e.g., commercially available as Plasdone S-630 from Ashland Inc.).
• PVP-VA polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
• the molecular structure of PVP-VA may be represented as follows:
• the structure-building agent may also include polyvinyl pyrrolidone-co-polyvinyl butyrate copolymer (PVP-VB), polyvinyl pyrrolidone-co-polyvinyl propionate copolymer, or mixtures thereof.
• PVP-VB polyvinyl pyrrolidone-co-polyvinyl butyrate copolymer
• PV-VB polyvinyl pyrrolidone-co-polyvinyl propionate copolymer
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 99% non-aqueous liquid and from about 0.01% to about 60% structure-building agent, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes from about 1 weight % to about 70 weight % non-aqueous liquid and from about 1 weight % to about 50 weight % structure-building agent.
• the oral care composition includes from about 5 weight % to about 50 weight % non-aqueous liquid and from about 5 weight % to about 40 weight % structure-building agent.
• the oral care composition includes from about 10 weight % to about 95 weight % triacetin and from about 0.1 weight % to about 40 weight % PVP-VA, or from about 20 weight % to about 80 weight % triacetin and from about 1 weight % to about 30 weight % PVP-VA.
• an oral care composition includes a mass ratio of non-aqueous liquids to structure-building agent from about 1 to 99: from about 99 to 1 (non-aqueous liquids:structure-building agent).
• the non-aqueous liquids:structure-building agent mass ratio may be 90:10, 70:30, or 50:50.
• the oral care composition will include equal or greater amounts of the non-aqueous liquid to the amount of structure-building agent.
• the oral care composition may have a 90:10 triacetin:PVP-VA mass ratio.
• the oral care composition may have a 70:30 triacetin:PVP-VA mass ratio, or a 60:40 triacetin:PVP-VA mass ratio. In some embodiments, the oral care composition may have a 70:30 PGDA:PVP-VA mass ratio, or a 60:40 PGDA:PVP-VA mass ratio.
• viscosity is an important parameter for oral care compositions, such as toothpastes or whitening gels.
• oral care compositions such as toothpastes or whitening gels.
• viscosity of an oral care composition is too low, it may become too runny and physical phase separation may take place. In some cases, this will not only affect the aesthetics of the oral care composition but also the homogeneity of the ingredients in the oral care composition.
• the viscosity of the oral care compositions is too high, the oral care composition will be difficult to manufacture and package.
• oral care compositions with high viscosity are very difficult for users to evacuate from commonly used packages, such as tubes or syringes.
• the gel formed of the structural-building agent and the non-aqueous liquids helps determine the overall viscosity of the oral care composition. Accordingly, it's important to select ingredients for oral care compositions that achieve a desirable range of viscosity to ensure product manufacturability, stability, and quality, as well as consumer acceptance.
• the viscosity of the oral care composition is from about 50,000 centipoise (cPs) to about 500,000 cPs at 25° C. In other embodiments, the viscosity of the oral care composition is from about 75,000 cPs to about 400,000 cPs at 25° C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the oral care composition is from about 125,000 cPs to about 300,000 cPs at 25° C.
• the structure-building agent is capable of creating a stable and homogenous gel with the non-aqueous liquids in an oral care composition.
• a homogenous and transparent or semi-transparent gel can be created from combining an amphiphilic co-polymer structure-building agent, such as PVP-VA, with a non-aqueous liquid dispersant, such as triacetin, diacetin, propylene glycol diacetin, etc.
• the oral care composition may include additional ingredients common to oral care compositions, such as, flavoring agents, tartar control agents, surfactants, sweeteners, humectants, colorants, dyes, and pigments.
• All ingredients used in the compositions described herein should be orally acceptable.
• “Orally acceptable” means an ingredient which is present in the composition as described in an amount and form which does not render the composition unsafe, unpalatable, or otherwise unsuitable for use in the oral cavity.
• the orally acceptable additional ingredient must be selected in view of the requirement to maintain a non-aqueous or a substantially non-aqueous oral care composition.
• the additional ingredients will not affect the non-aqueous nature of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes one or more surfactants.
• the surfactants enhance stability of the composition, help clean the oral cavity surfaces through detergency, and provide foam upon agitation, e.g., during brushing with an oral care composition of the disclosure.
• Surfactants or surface active agents generally achieve increased whitening action by thoroughly dispersing the whitening agent throughout the oral cavity.
• suitable surface active agents may function as a surface active agent, emulsifier, and/or foam modulator.
• Any orally acceptable surfactant most of which are anionic, nonionic, cationic, or amphoteric, can be used.
• a combination of surfactants may also be used.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include without limitation water-soluble salts of C 8-20 alkyl sulfates, sulfonated monoglycerides of C 8-20 fatty acids, sarcosinates, taurates and the like.
• Illustrative examples of these and other classes include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl monoglyceride sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauryl isoethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate, and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants include without limitation poloxamers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary amine oxides, tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides and the like.
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants include, without limitation, derivatives of C 8-20 aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines having an anionic group such as carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate or phosphonate.
• a suitable example is cocoamidopropyl betaine.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 20.0% surfactant based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about 1.0 weight % to about 10.0 weight % surfactant. In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes about 2% surfactant based on a total weight of the oral care composition. For example, the oral care composition may include about 2 weight % sodium lauryl sulfate.
• the oral care composition may include additional thickening agents.
• Any orally acceptable thickening agent can be used, including without limitation carbomers, also known as carboxyvinyl polymers, carrageenans, also known as Irish moss and more particularly carrageenan (iota-carrageenan), high molecular weight polyethylene glycols (such as CARBOWAXTM, available from The Dow Chemical Company), cellulosic polymers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (“CMC”) and salts thereof, e.g., CMC sodium, natural gums such as karaya, xanthan, gum arabic and tragacanth, colloidal magnesium aluminum silicate, and colloidal or fumed silica and mixtures of the same.
• the thickening agent may be a combination of one or more orally acceptable thickening agents.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.1% to about 90% thickening agent based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about 0.2 weight % to about 50 weight % thickening agent. In yet another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.5% to about 35% thickening agent based on a total weight of the oral care composition. For example, the oral care composition may include about 2.3 weight % fumed silica.
• the oral care composition includes an antioxidant.
• Acceptable antioxidants include BHA, BHT, vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin E, flavonoids, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, herbal antioxidants, chlorophyll, melatonin and mixtures thereof.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.001% to about 1% antioxidants based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In one embodiment, the oral care composition includes about 0.03% antioxidant by weight.
• the oral care composition includes one or more flavoring agent.
• Useful flavoring agents include any material or mixture of materials operable to enhance the taste of the oral care composition. Any orally acceptable natural or synthetic flavoring agent can be used, such as flavoring oils, flavoring aldehydes, esters, alcohols, similar materials, and combinations thereof.
• Flavoring agents include vanillin, sage, marjoram, parsley oil, spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methylsalicylate), peppermint oil, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, citrus oils, fruit oils and essences including those derived from lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, apricot, banana, grape, apple, strawberry, cherry, pineapple, etc., bean- and nut-derived flavors such as coffee, cocoa, cola, peanut, almond, etc., adsorbed and encapsulated flavorants, and mixtures thereof. Also encompassed within flavoring agents herein are ingredients that provide fragrance and/or other sensory effect in the mouth, including cooling or warming effects.
• Such ingredients include menthol, menthyl acetate, menthyl lactate, camphor, eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol, anethole, eugenol, cassia, oxanone, x-irisone, propenyl guaiethol, thymol, linalool, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, N-ethyl-p-menthan-3-carboxamine, N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropylbutanamide, 3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol, cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal (CGA), methone glycerol acetal (MGA) and mixtures thereof.
• CGA cinnamaldehyde glycerol acetal
• MCA methone glycerol acetal
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 5% flavoring agents based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.05 weight % to about 2 weight % flavoring agents. In yet another embodiment, the oral care composition includes from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.2% to about 2.5%, or about 1.5% flavoring agents based on a total weight of the oral care composition. For example, the oral care composition may include about 1.5 weight % of dental cream flavoring agent.
• the oral care composition may also include one or more sweeteners.
• Sweeteners among those useful herein include orally acceptable natural or artificial, nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners.
• Such sweeteners include dextrose, polydextrose, sucrose, maltose, dextrin, dried invert sugar, mannose, xylose, ribose, fructose, levulose, galactose, corn syrup (including high fructose corn syrup and corn syrup solids), partially hydrolyzed starch, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, isomalt, aspartame, neotame, saccharin and salts thereof, sucralose, dipeptide-based intense sweeteners, cyclamates, dihydrochalcones and mixtures thereof.
• Some embodiments may include one or more sweeteners.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.005% to about 5% sweeteners based on a total weight of the oral care composition. In other embodiments, the oral care composition includes from about 0.01 weight % to about 1 weight % sweeteners.
• the oral care composition may include about 0.5 weight % sodium saccharin and about 0.04 weight % sucralose.
• the oral care composition may also include one or more pH modifying agents.
• PH modifying agents among those useful herein include acidifying agents to lower pH, basifying agents to raise pH and buffering agents to control pH within a desired range.
• one or more compounds selected from acidifying, basifying and buffering agents can be included to provide a pH of 2 to 10, or in various embodiments from about 2 to about 8, from about 3 to about 9, from about 4 to about 8, from about 5 to about 7, from about 6 to about 10, and from about 7 to about 9.
• Any orally acceptable pH modifying agent can be used, including without limitation carboxylic, phosphoric and sulfonic acids, acid salts (e.g., monosodium citrate, disodium citrate, monosodium malate, etc.), alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, bicarbonates, sesquicarbonates, borates, silicates, phosphates (e.g., monosodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, pyrophosphate salts, etc.), imidazole and mixtures thereof.
• One or more pH modifying agents are optionally present in a total amount effective to maintain the composition in an orally acceptable pH range.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.01% to about 10% pH modifier agents based on a total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition may include about 0.9 weight % sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) and about 2 weight % tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) as a pH modifier.
• the oral care composition may include colorants.
• Colorants such as dyes or pigments, may be food color additives presently certified under the Food Drug & Cosmetic Act for use in food and ingested drugs, including dyes such as FD&C Red No. 3 (sodium salt of tetraiodofluorescein), Food Red 17, disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, Food Yellow 13, sodium salt of a mixture of the mono and disulphonic acids of quinophthalone or 2-(2-quinolyl) indanedione, FD&C Yellow No.
• FD&C Red No. 3 sodium salt of tetraiodofluorescein
• Food Red 17 disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid
• Food Yellow 13 sodium salt of a mixture of the
• compositions of the present disclosure may also include one or more other active ingredients, which are operable for the prevention or treatment of a condition or disorder of hard or soft tissue of the oral cavity, the prevention or treatment of a physiological disorder or condition, or to provide a cosmetic benefit.
• a dental abrasive or combination of dental abrasive agents include a dental abrasive or combination of dental abrasive agents.
• abrasive or “abrasive agent” also includes materials commonly referred to as “polishing agents.” Any orally acceptable abrasive can be used, but typically, type, fineness (particle size) and amount of abrasive should be selected so that tooth enamel is not excessively abraded in normal use of the composition.
• Suitable abrasives include without limitation silica (in the form of silica gel, hydrated silica or precipitated silica), alumina, insoluble phosphates, calcium carbonate, resinous abrasives such as urea-formaldehyde condensation products and the like.
• insoluble phosphates useful as abrasives are orthophosphates, polymetaphosphates and pyrophosphates.
• Illustrative examples are dicalcium orthophosphate dihydrate, calcium pyrophosphate, n-calcium pyrophosphate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polymetaphosphate and insoluble sodium polymetaphosphate.
• Average particle size of an abrasive is generally from about 0.1 to about 100 ⁇ m.
• the particle size is from about 1 to about 80 ⁇ m or from about 5 to about 60 ⁇ m.
• one or more abrasives are present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.1 weight % to about 60 weight % abrasives.
• the abrasive is calcium pyrophosphate.
• the oral care composition includes from 0.01% to about 70% calcium pyrophosphate based on a total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes about 20 weight % calcium pyrophosphate.
• the oral care composition includes an anticalculus agent.
• Suitable anticalculus agents include without limitation phosphates and polyphosphates (for example pyrophosphates), polyaminopropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), hexametaphosphate salts, zinc citrate trihydrate, polypeptides, polyolefin sulfonates, polyolefin phosphates, diphosphonates.
• the anticalculus agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 30% weight based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes a mixture of anticalculus agents.
• tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) are used as the anticalculus agents.
• the anticalculus agent includes from 0.1% to 10 weight % TSPP, or about 2 weight % TSPP.
• Another component of the present compositions may be a synthetic anionic polymeric polycarboxylate, which acts as a stabilizer for the polyphosphate anti-tartar agent and which may help to block access of painful or pain-causing materials, such as sugars, to the tooth nerves.
• the oral care composition optionally includes a source of fluoride ions.
• the source of fluoride ions is selected from: fluoride, monofluorophosphate (MFP), and fluorosilicate salts.
• one or more fluoride ion-releasing compounds are optionally present in an amount providing a total of 100 to 20,000 ppm, 200 to 5,000 ppm, or 500 to 2,500 ppm, fluoride ions. If present, in some embodiments, the amount of fluoride source in the oral care composition ranges from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the oral care composition, typically about 1.1 weight %. For example, in one embodiment, the oral care composition may include about 0.76 weight % MFP.
• compositions also may include a stannous ion or a stannous ion source to mitigate calcium loss.
• Suitable stannous ion sources include without limitation stannous fluoride, other stannous halides such as stannous chloride dihydrate, stannous pyrophosphate, organic stannous carboxylate salts such as stannous formate, acetate, gluconate, lactate, tartrate, oxalate, malonate and citrate, stannous ethylene glyoxide and the like.
• one or more stannous ion sources are included in the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition may include from about 0.01% to about 10% stannous ion source by weight, based on the total weight of the oral care composition.
• the oral care composition includes from about 0.1 weight % to about 7 weight % stannous ion source or from about 0.2 weight % to about 5 weight % stannous ion source.
• Table 1 illustrates two oral care compositions according to embodiments of the present disclosure using triacetin as a non-aqueous liquid dispersant.
• Example 1 illustrates an embodiment of a process to make the oral care compositions of Table 1
• Table 2 illustrates a stability of the oral care compositions of Table 1 over time.
• composition #1 PolyvinylPyrrolidone hydrogen 0.56% 0.56% peroxide complexes (PVP-H 2 O 2 ) (0.1% H 2 O 2 ) (0.1% H 2 O 2 ) PolyvinylPyrrolidone-vinyl acetate 30% 30% copolymer (PVP-VA) Triacetin (TA) 69.44% 68.44% Water — 1% Total Components 100% 100%
• Oral care compositions including the ingredients listed in Table 1 were prepared as follows: the formula amounts of PVP-VA and triacetin were added to a Ross mixer and mixed on high speed for 5 minutes with no vacuum. The resulting gel was then mixed with the formula amounts of PVP-HP. 1 weight % of the triacetin was replaced with 1 weight % water in Oral Care Composition #2 to test the stability of the non-aqueous oral care composition even in the presence of water.
• the potential effectiveness of tooth whitening oral care compositions can be measured in terms of active oxygen content.
• active oxygen can be correlated with the amount of peroxide present in the composition.
• One of the oxygen in each peroxide group is considered “active”.
• the percentage of active oxygen (AO) or hydrogen peroxide (HP) in a given composition can be defined by the following Formula 1:
• the stability of the oral care composition can be determined by monitoring the change of active oxygen level over time.
• the level of active oxygen can be obtained experimentally by a well-known thiosulfate based titration method. This method is also commonly used to determine the active oxygen level in hydrogen peroxide containing compositions as well.
• the amount of hydrogen peroxide in the oral care composition of Table 1 were determined via this active oxygen titration method as follows: about 1.3 grams of the Oral Care composition was added to a beaker. 25 ml of glacial acetic acid was then added, followed by addition of 50 ml of ethanol/water (1:1 volume ratio “v/v”). The mixture was then mixed until the Oral Care Composition was fully suspended. 5 ml of 20% (by weight) potassium iodide solution and 4 drops of ammonium molybdate solution were then added to the mixture and mixed for 5 minutes. The mixture turned yellowish. 2 ml of a starch indicator was added to the mixture. The mixture turned dark brown in color. The mixture was then titrated with 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate solution until the dark color disappeared and the amount (mL) of sodium thiosulfate solution used was recorded. The percentage of hydrogen peroxide (HP) was then calculated as follows:
• the % HP was measured before aging and after aging at 40° C. as illustrated in Table 2.
• the oral care compositions were aged up to 13 weeks, which is the extent of time commonly used to predict a 24 month shelf life under normal conditions. Under normal conditions, maintenance of about 70% or more of the initial % HP after 8 weeks is considered a good result, and signifies that the composition will be sufficiently stable for commercial distribution and sales, and maintenance of about 70% or more of the initial % HP after 13 weeks is considered a surprisingly good result.
• the oral care compositions using PVP-H 2 O 2 are stable and compatible with PVP-VA/TA gels.
• Both Oral Care Composition #1 and #2 displayed surprisingly good results for maintenance of HP content during aging.
• the addition of 1% water did not cause any significant degradation in the % HP of the oral care composition.
• gels using non-aqueous liquids and PVP-VA structure-building agents provide a stable base for oral care compositions with PVP-H 2 O 2 whitening agents.
• Table 3 illustrates two oral care compositions according to embodiments of the present disclosure using PGDA as a non-aqueous liquid dispersant.
• Example 2 illustrates an embodiment of a process to make the oral care compositions of Table 3
• Table 4 illustrates a stability of the oral care compositions of Table 3 over time.
• composition #4 PolyvinylPyrrolidone hydrogen 0.56% 5.6% peroxide complexes (0.1% H 2 O 2 ) (1.0% H 2 O 2 ) (PVP-H 2 O 2 ) PolyvinylPyrrolidone-vinyl acetate 17.0% 15.0% copolymer (PVP-VA) Propylene Glycol Diacetate 14.8% 14.8% (PGDA) Non-Aqueous Dispersants 41.04% 38% Thickening Agents 3% 3% PH Modifying Agents and 2.9% 2.9% Anticalculus Agents Abrasives 15% 15% Surfactants 2% 2% Sweeteners, flavorants, and 3.70% 3.70% additional ingredients Total Components 100% 100%
• Oral Care Compositions #3 and #4 include additional ingredient commonly found in oral care compositions.
• Oral Care Composition #4 includes a much larger amount of HP than typically used to further test the stability of the oral care composition.
• Oral care compositions including the ingredients listed in Table 3 were prepared as follows: the formula amounts of PVP-VA and PGDA were added to a beaker, and mixed at 50° C. until all solids were dissolved. This mixture was then added to a Ross mixer together with the formula amount of non-aqueous dispersants and mixed for 2 minutes at medium speed with no vacuum. The formula amounts of the pH modifying agents, anticalculus agents, sweeteners, and fluoride ion sources were then added to the Ross mixer and mixed for 5 minutes at high speed and under full vacuum.
• Thickeners were then added to the Ross mixer and mixed for 3 minutes at medium speed and no vacuum. Abrasives were then added to the Ross mixer and mixed for 15 minutes at high speed and under full vacuum. The formula amounts of PVP-HP was then added to the Ross mixer and mixed for 10 minutes at high speed and under full vacuum. Formula amounts of flavorant and antioxidant were added to a beaker and mixed together until all the antioxidant dissolved. This mixture was then added to the Ross Mixer, together with formula amounts of surfactant, and mixed for 10 minutes at medium speed and under full vacuum.
• the amount of hydrogen peroxide in the oral care compositions of Table 3 was determined using the active oxygen titration method described above. To determine the stability of the oral care compositions, the % HP was measured before aging and after aging at 40° C. for 13 weeks as illustrated in Table 4. As before, the oral care compositions were aged 13 weeks, which is the extent of time commonly used to predict a 24 month shelf life under normal conditions.
• the oral care compositions using PVP-H 2 O 2 are stable and compatible with PVP-VA/PGDA systems.
• Oral Care Composition #3 (0.1% HP) had only a 6.2% loss after 13 weeks, and Oral Care Composition #4 (1.0% HP) had only a 10.2% loss after 13 weeks, both easily surpassing the standard 70% maintenance after 13 weeks, which is considered a surprisingly good result.
• the present disclosure provides methods to whiten an oral surface in a human or animal subject.
• the method may include contacting a tooth surface with an oral care composition according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• animal subject includes non-human mammals, such as canines, felines and horses.
• the oral care composition is contacted with an oral surface of the mammalian subject to thereby whiten teeth in a highly efficacious manner.
• the oral care composition prepared in accordance with the present disclosure may be applied regularly to an oral surface, for example on a daily basis, at least one time daily for multiple days, or alternately every second or third day. In some embodiments, the oral care composition is applied to the oral surfaces from 1 to 3 times daily, for at least 2 weeks up to 8 weeks, from four months to three years, or more up to a lifetime.
• the oral care composition may be embodied as a gel and may be applied directly to the teeth using a delivery device, such as a pen, a liquid stick having an applicator, such as a felt tip, brush, roller ball, or non-woven pad, in an amount sufficient to effect whitening once activated.
• a delivery device such as a pen, a liquid stick having an applicator, such as a felt tip, brush, roller ball, or non-woven pad, in an amount sufficient to effect whitening once activated.
• the oral care composition is activated once exposed to the aqueous environment of the oral cavity or when exposed directly to water or saliva.
• the oral care composition of the present disclosure is maintained on the surface of the tooth for a plurality of minutes.
• the oral care composition is activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 1 minute to about 8 hours. In some embodiments, the composition is activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 5 minutes to about 4 hours. In some embodiments, the composition is activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 10 minutes to about 120 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 15 minutes to about 60 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is activated and maintained on the surface of a tooth for from about 20 minutes to about 45 minutes.

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