US20180155121A1 - System and method for controlling vapor expansions and contractions inside of closed storage vessels - Google Patents
System and method for controlling vapor expansions and contractions inside of closed storage vessels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20180155121A1 US20180155121A1 US15/456,378 US201715456378A US2018155121A1 US 20180155121 A1 US20180155121 A1 US 20180155121A1 US 201715456378 A US201715456378 A US 201715456378A US 2018155121 A1 US2018155121 A1 US 2018155121A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- tube
- vapors
- flange
- bottom opening
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/38—Means for reducing the vapour space or for reducing the formation of vapour within containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/28—Means for preventing or minimising the escape of vapours
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D88/00—Large containers
- B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/22—Safety features
- B65D90/32—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure
- B65D90/34—Venting means
Definitions
- This specification relates to a system and a method for controlling contracting and expanding gases or gas generation inside a closed storage vessel while minimizing or eliminating inhalation or exhalation with the surrounding environment.
- Closed storage vessels such as storage tanks may store volatile liquid, such as gasoline.
- the volatile liquid inside the vessel can then evaporate, resulting in gas vapors diffusing into the air in the vapor space above the liquid inside the storage vessel. These gas vapors may cause environmental damage if released from the vessel.
- vessels storing the volatile liquid may be sealed to limit release of the gas vapors.
- Sealed containers in an open environment are subject to expansion and contraction of the liquid and vapors stored within. For example, when the volatile liquid and vapors expands due to rising temperatures caused by the sun, the pressure within the sealed storage tanks also increases. In some situations, the storage tank may bend outward or even burst open from the increase in pressure. Conversely, when the liquid and vapors contract due to falling temperatures at night, the pressure within the sealed storage tanks decreases. In some situations, the storage tank may bend inward or even implode from the reduction in pressure.
- Storage vessels may also store solids and/or liquids that generate additional vapor, such as biodegradable material, in an anaerobic digestion tank, which produces methane and other gases as a result of bacterial action, or crude oil which flashes upon reduction in pressure, releasing hydrocarbon vapors such as methane and butane.
- additional vapor such as biodegradable material
- the apparatus includes a sealed storage tank having an upper tank opening and defining a tank cavity configured to store volatile liquid and vapors.
- the apparatus also includes a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity.
- the apparatus also includes a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening.
- the apparatus also includes a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity. The bag has an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube.
- the bag is configured to receive or emit atmospheric air via the tube when the volatile liquid and vapors stored within the storage tank contract or expand due to variations in temperature of the stored vapors, and a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity is supported by the bag flange.
- the apparatus includes a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity.
- the apparatus also includes a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening.
- the apparatus also includes a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, and a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange.
- the bag has an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube.
- the bag is configured to receive or emit atmospheric air via the tube responsive to at least one of a change in volume of the volatile liquid stored within the sealed storage tank or a change in volume of the vapors stored within the sealed storage tank.
- the apparatus includes a sealed storage tank having an upper tank opening and defining a tank cavity configured to store the matter and the vapors created from the matter.
- the apparatus also includes a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity.
- the apparatus also includes a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening.
- the apparatus also includes a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange.
- the bag has an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube.
- the bag is configured to emit atmospheric air via the tube when the matter stored within the sealed storage tank creates vapors.
- the bag is also configured to receive atmospheric air via the tube when at least one of the matter or the vapors created from the matter is reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for the storage of atmospheric air in a vessel or the safe handling and storage of volatile liquid and vapors, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus with a contracted bag, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2A , according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 3A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus with a partially inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3A , according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 4A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus with a fully inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4A , according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the contracted bag outside of the storage tank, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the bag within the tank cavity, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the sealed storage tank and bag within the tank, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 8A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 7 with an inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 8B is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 7 with a partially inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention.
- the matter may be a volatile liquid and vapors created therefrom.
- a liquid with high volatility is one which will easily vaporize, such as gasoline, acetone, butyl acetate, ethanol, and butane, for example.
- Conventional sealed storage tanks for these volatile liquids contain both the volatile liquid and vapors from the volatile liquid. Sealed storage tanks may create undesirable emissions from working losses or from standing losses.
- a vapor connection line may be attached from the vapor side of the storage tank to the vapor side of the vessel that is filling the storage tank. As liquid flows out of the unloading vessel into the storage tank, vapor flows from the storage tank to the unloading vessel. This approach is called “balanced loading” and may be used to control emissions from underground storage tanks at gasoline stations.
- Sealed storage tanks storing volatile liquid are subject to expansion and contraction forces due to changes in temperature.
- Some sealed storage tanks containing volatile liquid are located outdoors in areas where there may be a significant difference in the lowest temperature at night and the highest temperature during the day. When the temperature of the volatile liquid and vapors inside the sealed storage tank increases, the volatile liquid and vapors expand, causing pressure inside the sealed storage tank to increase.
- Releasing gases from inside a sealed storage tank to the air outside of the storage tank using a relief valve may not be a desirable option, as the release of gases results in emissions that are harmful to the environment.
- Retaining the pressurized vapors inside the vessel may also not be a desirable option, as the storage tank body has to be reinforced to withstand the expansion and contraction forces and thus cost significantly more money.
- even reinforced tanks may fail due to excessive pressure or contraction forces significantly larger than their designed pressures.
- the system and apparatus described herein accommodates for the expansion and contraction of the volatile liquid without deforming the sealed storage tank or requiring reinforcing, and without releasing emissions.
- the liquid volume and the gas volume occupied within the sealed storage tank may change.
- the system and apparatus described herein also accommodates for changes in the stored amounts of the volatile liquid and vapors.
- the matter stored inside the sealed storage tank may be a solid or semi-solid matter which generates vapors.
- the matter is organic waste and the vapors are methane.
- methane is produced.
- the methane may be used as a power source.
- pressure may build inside the sealed vessel, and releasing the methane into the atmosphere to relieve the pressure is undesirable.
- the system and apparatus described herein accommodates for changes in the stored amounts of the solid or semi-solid matter and the vapors created therefrom.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for the safe handling and storage of volatile liquid and vapors, according to an aspect of the invention.
- the apparatus 100 includes a sealed storage tank 102 .
- the sealed storage tank 102 may be generally cylindrically shaped.
- the sealed storage tank 102 is configured to store the volatile liquid and vapors on a long-term scale.
- the sealed storage tank 102 may be made of a metal, such as steel (e.g., stainless steel or a corrosion-resistant steel), which will not chemically react over time with the volatile liquid or vapors stored inside of it.
- the inner surface of the sealed storage tank 102 may be treated, either by a process, such as heat or pressure treating, or by applying a material to the inner surface to render the sealed storage tank 102 more resistant to deterioration from the volatile liquid and vapors stored inside.
- the inside of the sealed storage tank 102 may be accessed by a manway 108 .
- the manway 108 may define an upper tank opening of the sealed storage tank 102 .
- a pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 is connected to the sealed storage tank 102 and configured to open to emit vapors or bring in atmospheric air when the pressure or vacuum difference between the inside of the sealed storage tank 102 and the outside of the sealed storage tank 102 exceeds a threshold value.
- the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 is only used as a fail-safe, as emitting vapors is undesirable.
- the apparatus 100 also includes an emergency pressure vent 170 configured to release pressure from within the sealed storage tank 102 in an emergency situation.
- the apparatus 100 also includes a vapor balance pipe 172 configured to connect to a vessel that is filling the sealed storage tank 102 with additional volatile liquid.
- the vapor balance pipe 172 emits vapors from the sealed storage tank 102 to the vessel to address working losses, as described herein.
- a bag (or bladder) inside of the sealed storage tank 102 may receive or emit atmospheric air via a top opening 106 of a tube 112 .
- the receiving and emitting of atmospheric air by the bag allows the apparatus 100 to maintain a constant atmospheric pressure within the sealed storage tank 102 , despite changes in temperature.
- the top opening 106 may be angled or shielded such that precipitation or debris may be prohibited from entering the bag via the top opening 106 .
- FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus 100 with a substantially empty bag, according to an aspect of the invention
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the top of the apparatus 100 of FIG. 2A and also shows additional features.
- the sealed storage tank 102 defines a tank cavity 103 .
- a bag 114 is within the tank cavity 103 of the sealed storage tank 102 .
- the bag 114 defines an interior bag cavity 116 .
- the bag 114 is configured to expand or contract based on the temperature of the volatile liquid 118 and vapors 156 stored within the tank cavity 103 .
- the bag 114 may be made of a rubberized fabric or any fabric material which will not have a chemical reaction with the volatile liquid 118 stored inside the tank cavity 103 , the vapors 156 stored inside the tank cavity 103 , or the atmospheric air 150 .
- the temperature is a first temperature 130 .
- the volatile liquid 118 occupies a first liquid volume 121 within the tank cavity 103 .
- the vapors 156 occupy a first gas volume 120 within the tank cavity 103 .
- the bag 114 is filled with a first amount 115 of the atmospheric air 150 .
- the area of the tank cavity 103 not occupied by the volatile liquid 118 may be referred to as a vapor space 190 .
- the bag 114 may occupy between 10 percent and 50 percent of the vapor space 190 . In some embodiments, the bag 114 occupies between 20 percent and 40 percent of the vapor space 190 . In some embodiments, the bag 114 occupies approximately 30 percent of the vapor space 190 .
- the sealed storage tank 102 is connected to a tube 112 .
- the tube 112 may be connected to the sealed storage tank 102 via a manway 108 .
- the manway 108 may include an opening 129 for receiving the tube 112 , and the manway 108 may otherwise be sealed.
- the opening 129 may include sealing materials surrounding a periphery of the tube 112 at the opening 129 such that vapors 156 are unable to leak out of the tank cavity 103 via the manway 108 .
- the tube 112 has a top opening 106 positioned outside of the tank cavity 103 and a bottom opening 152 positioned within the tank cavity 103 .
- the tube 112 is shown herein as being a single tube travelling through the manway 108 and the opening 129 and sealed at the opening 129 , the tube 112 may be formed from multiple tubes.
- the tube 112 may include an upper tube attached to the opening 129 and located outside of the tank cavity 103 and a lower tube attached to the opening 129 and located inside the tank cavity 103 .
- a bag flange (or bladder flange) 104 is located within the tank cavity 103 .
- the bag flange 104 is configured to support a weight and location of the bag 114 within the tank cavity 103 .
- the bag flange 104 has a top opening 154 and a bottom opening 158 .
- the bag flange 104 also includes a rim 159 surrounding the bottom opening 158 .
- the bag flange 104 connects the bag 114 to the tube 112 .
- the top opening 154 of the bag flange 104 is connected to the bottom opening 152 of the tube 112 .
- the bottom opening 158 of the bag flange 104 is aligned with a bag opening 161 of the bag 114 such that atmospheric air 150 may freely pass to and from the outside 127 of the sealed storage tank 102 and the interior bag cavity 116 .
- the bag flange 104 and the tube 112 may be made of a metal, such as steel, which will not react with atmospheric air or the vapors inside the sealed storage tank 102 .
- the bag flange 104 , the tube 112 , and the sealed storage tank 102 may all be made of the same material or may each be made of different materials.
- the bag 114 may be connected to the rim 159 of the bag flange 104 .
- the bag flange 104 may also include a flange plate 160 located within the interior bag cavity 116 .
- the flange plate 160 may connect to the rim 159 of the bag flange 104 using one or more connectors 162 , such as rivets, screws, pins, or bolts.
- the connectors 162 may pass through corresponding holes on the rim 159 , the bag 114 , and the flange plate 160 .
- the connectors 162 may be threaded, screwed, welded, brazed, or secured by interference fit to connect the flange plate 160 to the rim 159 , thereby sandwichably fixing the bag 114 to the bag flange 104 .
- the apparatus 100 also includes a distance measurement unit 134 .
- the distance measurement unit 134 may be connected to the tube 112 at an opening 163 .
- the distance measurement unit 134 is configured to detect a distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and a fixed location on the interior surface of the bag 114 .
- the distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and the fixed location of the bag 114 may serve as an indicator of the degree to which the bag 114 is inflated.
- the degree to which the bag 114 is inflated may, in turn, serve as an indicator that further actions may need to be taken not to release vapors into the atmosphere.
- the distance measurement unit 134 may include a processor and a memory storing instructions for use by the processor to determine various distances, as described herein, and various volumes of the bag 114 , as described herein.
- the distance measurement unit 134 may use a distance measurement apparatus 138 to determine the distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and a bag plate 136 located on a bottom surface of the interior bag cavity 116 of the bag 114 . As shown in FIG. 2B , the distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and the bag plate 136 is a first distance 180 .
- the distance measurement apparatus 138 is a retractable tape (or cord, or string, or rope) extending from the distance measurement unit 134 and connected to the bag plate 136 . As the bag 114 inflates, the bag plate 136 may gradually move farther away from the distance measurement unit 134 (as illustrated in FIGS. 2B, 3B, and 4B ). Accordingly, the retractable tape attached to the bag plate 136 will be extended as the bag 114 inflates.
- the distance measurement unit 134 may be configured to detect an amount of retractable tape that is deployed.
- the distance measurement apparatus 138 is a laser and a sensor.
- the laser emits a beam of light, which reflects off of the bag plate 136 .
- the reflection from the bag plate 136 is detected by the sensor, and based on a time between emission of the beam of light and the detection of the reflection by the sensor, the distance measurement unit 134 is able to detect a distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and the bag plate 136 .
- the opening 163 is at a location on the tube 112 such that the beam of light may pass straight through the tube 112 and into the bag 114 , as shown in FIGS. 2B, 3B, and 4B .
- the distance measurement unit 134 and the opening 163 may be positioned anywhere on the tube 112 such that the retractable tape has access to the interior 116 of the bag 114 via the tube 112 .
- FIG. 3A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus 100 with a partially inflated bag 114 , according to an aspect of the invention
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the top of the apparatus 100 of FIG. 3A .
- the outside 127 of the sealed storage tank 102 has a second temperature 131 .
- the second temperature 131 is a lower temperature than the first temperature 130 of FIG. 2A .
- the vapors 156 have contracted.
- the vapors 156 now occupy a second gas volume 122 .
- the second gas volume 122 is less than the first gas volume 120 .
- the atmospheric air 150 is drawn into the bag 114 via the tube 112 .
- the atmospheric air 150 enters through the top opening 106 of the tube 112 , passes through the bottom opening 152 of the tube 112 , passes through the top opening 154 of the bag flange 104 , passes through the bottom opening 158 of the bag flange 104 , and enters the interior bag cavity 116 .
- the bag 114 inflates with the atmospheric air 150 and the bag 114 now has a second amount 117 of the atmospheric air 150 inside of the bag 114 .
- the second amount 117 is greater than the first amount 115 of the atmospheric air 150 inside of the bag 114 in FIG. 2A .
- any potential effects from a potential pressure difference between the tank cavity 103 and the outside 127 as a result of the falling temperature is mitigated.
- the pressure outside 127 may be greater than the pressure in the tank cavity 103 , and the sealed storage tank 102 may have deformed inward, or the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 may have allowed atmospheric air 150 into the tank cavity 103 to mix with the vapors 156 .
- the distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and the bag plate 136 is now a second distance 182 .
- the second distance 182 is greater than the first distance 180 .
- the distance measurement unit 134 may determine the second amount 117 of the atmospheric air 150 inside the bag 114 based on the second distance 182 .
- the distance measurement unit 134 may be connected to a clock and/or a thermometer, and may be able to determine a relationship between the time and/or a temperature and the amount of the atmospheric air 150 inside of the bag 114 .
- the volatile liquid 118 may also be removed from the tank cavity 103 , decreasing the liquid volume of the volatile liquid 118 from the first liquid volume 121 to the second liquid volume 123 . Decreasing the liquid volume of the volatile liquid 118 may also cause the bag 114 to inflate, similar to the contraction of the vapors 156 described herein.
- FIG. 4A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus 100 with a fully inflated bag 114 , according to an aspect of the invention
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the top of the apparatus 100 of FIG. 4A .
- the outside 127 of the sealed storage tank 102 has a third temperature 132 .
- the third temperature 132 is a lower temperature than the first temperature 130 of FIG. 2A and the second temperature 131 of FIG. 3A .
- the vapors 156 have further contracted.
- the vapors 156 now occupy a third gas volume 124 .
- the third gas volume 124 is less than the second gas volume 122 .
- the atmospheric air 150 is drawn into the bag 114 via the tube 112 .
- the bag 114 inflates with the atmospheric air 150 and the bag 114 now has a third amount 119 of the atmospheric air 150 inside of the bag 114 .
- the third amount 119 is greater than the second amount 117 of the atmospheric air 150 inside of the bag 114 in FIG. 3A .
- the distance between the distance measurement unit 134 and the bag plate 136 is a third distance 184 .
- the third distance 184 is greater than the first distance 180 and the second distance 182 .
- the distance measurement unit 134 may determine the third amount 119 of the atmospheric air 150 inside the bag 114 based on the third distance 184 .
- the volatile liquid 118 may further be removed from the tank cavity 103 , causing the liquid volume of the volatile liquid 118 to further decrease from the second liquid volume 123 to the third liquid volume 125 .
- the decreasing of the liquid volume of the volatile liquid 118 may cause the bag 114 to further inflate, similar to the contraction of the vapors 156 described herein.
- the states of the apparatus 100 illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B may alternate based on the temperature of the outside 124 affecting the temperature of the volatile liquid 118 and the vapors 156 stored inside the sealed storage tank 102 .
- the vapors 156 expand, causing the bag 114 to deflate (e.g., FIGS. 4A-4B to FIGS. 3A-3B to FIGS. 2A-2B ).
- the atmospheric air 150 in the interior bag cavity 116 exits the bag via the bag flange 104 and the tube 112 and out of the top opening 106 of the tube 112 .
- the states of the apparatus 100 illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B may also alternate based on the volatile liquid 118 being pumped into or out of the tank cavity 103 .
- the expansion or contraction of the stored volatile liquid 118 may also contribute to variations in the pressure within the tank cavity 103 , causing the bag 114 to deflate or inflate, respectively.
- the effect of the expansion or contraction of the stored volatile liquid 118 may not have as much of an impact on pressure within the tank cavity 103 as the expansion or contraction of the stored vapors 156 .
- the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 may release vapors 156 into the environment so that the pressure difference between the tank cavity 103 and the outside 127 does not cause the sealed storage tank 102 to deform or rupture.
- the variations in the bag inflation state have been described with respect to the variations in the temperature and volume of the liquids and vapors stored in the tank cavity, adding or removing volatile liquid and/or vapors while maintaining the seal of the sealed storage tank may cause variations in the volume of the atmospheric air inside the bag.
- the volatile liquid 118 is removed from the tank cavity 103 in FIG. 2A , the liquid volume occupied by the volatile liquid 118 would decrease, and the bag 114 would inflate, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 4A .
- the volatile liquid 118 is added to the tank cavity 103 in FIG. 4A , the liquid volume occupied by the volatile liquid 118 would increase, and the bag 114 would inflate, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 2A .
- the bag 114 of the system 100 allows for maintaining of a constant atmospheric pressure within the tank cavity 103 , regardless of changes in liquid volume or gas volume of the contents of the sealed storage tank 102 .
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the contracted bag outside of the sealed storage tank, according to an aspect of the invention.
- the bag 114 as shown in FIG. 5 is uninflated and outside of the tank cavity 103 of the sealed storage tank 102 .
- the manway 108 is open, allowing the bag 114 to enter the tank cavity 103 .
- the manway 108 has an opening diameter 502 and the bag flange 104 has a flange diameter 504 .
- the opening diameter 502 of the manway 108 is approximately 24 inches.
- the flange diameter 504 is 16 inches.
- the tube 112 is made of an upper tube and a lower tube, and each are connected to the manway cover 508 .
- the manway cover 508 is sealed by a gasket located between the manway cover 508 and the manway 103 .
- the tube 112 is a single tube and the manway cover 508 has an opening 129 for the tube 112 to pass through, and the sealed storage tank 102 may be sealed around a portion 506 of the tube 112 that occupies the opening 129 .
- the tube 112 may have a straight path from the distance measurement unit through the tube 112 and into the bag 114 .
- the tube 112 may have a curved or bent path from the opening 106 through the tube 112 (which may include two tubes connected to the manway cover 508 ) and into the bag 114 .
- FIG. 6 is a top cross-sectional view of the tank cavity 103 with a bag 114 stretched out to resemble what it would look like if it were flat on the ground, within the tank cavity 103 .
- the sealed storage tank 102 and the tank cavity 103 defined thereby may be circular in shape.
- the sealed storage tank 102 may have a diameter 608 .
- the sealed storage tank 102 has a diameter of 10 feet and a height of 15 feet.
- the bag 114 may have a generally rectangular shape, with a first width 602 , a second width 604 , and a diagonal length 606 .
- the bag 114 has a square shape, with the first width 602 and the second width 604 being the same width.
- the bag 114 is square shaped with a first width 602 of 12 feet and a second width 604 of 12 feet. In yet other embodiments, the bag may be any number of different shapes, including a circle, a hexagon, or a pentagon, for example.
- the bag flange 104 may have a flange diameter 504 .
- the flange diameter 504 of the bag flange 104 may scale with the dimensions of the bag 114 .
- the bag flange 104 may support the weight of the bag 114 and may establish the position of the bag 114 within the tank cavity 103 . Accordingly, as the bag 114 increases in size, the bag flange 104 may also increase in size.
- the flange diameter 504 of the bag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of the diagonal length 606 of the bag 114 . In some embodiments, the flange diameter 504 of the bag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of the first width 602 of the bag 114 . In some embodiments, the flange diameter 504 of the bag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of the second width 604 of the bag 114 . In some embodiments, the flange diameter 504 of the bag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of the diameter 186 of the bag 114 in a fully inflated state (as shown in FIG. 4B ). While the shape of the bag 114 may be generally rectangular, when fully inflated, the material used to make the bag 114 may be sufficiently elastic to allow the bag 114 to be generally spherical when fully inflated.
- the generally rectangular shape of the bag 114 and the circular shape of the sealed storage tank 102 results in multiple gaps 610 between the bag 114 and the interior wall 612 of the tank cavity 103 .
- the gaps 610 may allow for vapors to freely pass and rise up from the volatile liquid stored below the bag 114 , and surround the bag 114 .
- the systems described herein may also be used to store solid, semi-solid, and/or liquid matter and the vapors produced from the matter.
- the matter is biodegradable food waste and the vapors are methane and other vapors produced from the decomposing of the food waste.
- the methane may be used in other systems as a power source.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a system 700 used to store biodegradable matter and the vapors created therefrom.
- the system 700 includes a sealed storage tank 702 .
- the sealed storage tank 702 is generally rectangularly shaped, but may be cylindrically shaped, as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the sealed storage tank 102 may be generally rectangularly shaped, similar to the sealed storage tank 702 .
- the sealed storage tank 702 may be constructed to insulate the matter and vapors stored inside.
- the biodegradable matter may be broken down by bacteria more efficiently at a constant, high temperature.
- the sealed storage tank 702 may be made of any insulating material, such as ceramic or a multi-layered metal having an insulator disposed between layers, for example.
- the system 700 may also include a pressure/vacuum relief valve 710 , similar to the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 described herein.
- the system 700 may also include a vapor exit tube 772 , used to direct vapors out of the sealed storage tank 702 .
- the system 700 may also include a tube 712 similar to the tube 112 having a top opening 706 similar to the top opening 106 .
- FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate cross-sectional side views of a system 800 , similar to the system 700 .
- the system 800 includes a sealed storage tank 802 being made of standard construction, as described herein, or any insulating material, such as ceramic or a multi-layered metal having an insulator disposed between layers, for example.
- the sealed storage tank 802 defines a tank cavity 803 .
- the tank cavity 803 may store matter 818 , which produces vapors 856 .
- the system 800 also includes a vapor exit tube 872 , used to direct vapors out of the tank cavity 803 of the sealed storage tank 802 .
- the system 800 includes a pressure/vacuum relief valve 810 and a tube 812 having a top opening 806 and a bottom opening 852 .
- the bottom opening 852 of the tube 812 is connected to a top opening 854 of a flange 804 .
- the flange 804 has a bottom opening 858 connected to a bag opening 861 of a bag 814 connected to the flange 804 .
- the bag opening 814 and the bottom opening 858 of the flange 804 may be aligned so that atmospheric air 850 may freely enter an interior bag cavity 816 of the bag 814 .
- the system 800 includes a distance measurement unit 834 having a distance measurement apparatus 838 .
- the bag 814 includes a bag plate 836 .
- the system 800 has many components in common with the system 100 , and similar parts are numbered similarly. One of ordinary skill in the art could freely combine the features of the system 100 and the system 800 .
- the bag 814 is in a fully inflated state.
- the matter 818 may occupy a first matter volume 821 and the vapors 856 may occupy a first gas volume 820 .
- the distance between the bag plate 836 and the distance measurement unit 834 is a first distance 880 .
- the bag 814 is in a partially inflated state.
- the matter 818 may occupy a second matter volume 823 and the vapors 856 may occupy a second gas volume 822 .
- the matter 818 may have decomposed, and the second matter volume 823 may be less than the first matter volume 821 .
- the matter 818 may have created additional vapors 856 such that the second gas volume 822 is greater than the first gas volume 820 .
- the atmospheric air 850 has exited the interior bag cavity 816 to outside of the tank cavity via the tube 812 .
- distance between the bag plate 836 and the distance measurement unit 834 is now a second distance 882 .
- the second distance 882 is shorter than the first distance 880 , indicating that the interior bag cavity 816 of the bag 814 is filled with less atmospheric air 850 than before (in FIG. 8A ).
- the distance measurement unit 834 may determine a gas volume of the vapors 856 stored inside the tank cavity 803 .
- the distance measurement unit 834 may, over time, track the production of vapors 856 within the tank cavity 803 based on the determined volume of the atmospheric air 850 inside the interior bag cavity 816 .
- the vapors 856 may be brought out of the tank cavity 803 via a vapor exit tube 872 . In some situations, it may be beneficial for the vapors 856 to be urged or propelled out of the tank cavity 803 .
- the system 800 may include a pump 892 connected to the top opening 806 of the tube 812 .
- the pump 892 may bring in the atmospheric air 850 into the interior bag cavity 816 via the tube 812 , such that the bag 814 is purposefully inflated.
- the arrow 890 illustrates the atmospheric air 850 entering the top opening 806 of the tube 812 .
- the bag 814 inflates, the vapors 856 are urged out of the tank cavity 803 via the vapor exit tube 872 , as illustrated by arrow 894 .
- the bag 814 when fully inflated, may occupy substantially all of the vapor space of the tank cavity 803 .
Abstract
Methods, systems, and apparatus for the safe storage of atmospheric air inside a vessel that stores volatile liquid and vapors. The apparatus includes a storage tank defining a tank cavity for storing the volatile liquid and vapors. The apparatus includes a tube having a top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and a bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity. The apparatus includes a bag flange connected to the tube bottom opening and located within the tank cavity. The apparatus includes a bag connected to the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, the bag receiving or emitting atmospheric air via the tube when the volatile liquid and vapors stored within the storage tank contract or expand due to variations in temperature of the stored volatile liquid and vapors, and a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange.
Description
- This application claims the benefit and priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/430,818, filed on Dec. 6, 2016, entitled “System and Method for Reducing Vapor Emissions Out of Liquid Storage Tanks,” the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- This specification relates to a system and a method for controlling contracting and expanding gases or gas generation inside a closed storage vessel while minimizing or eliminating inhalation or exhalation with the surrounding environment.
- Closed storage vessels, such as storage tanks may store volatile liquid, such as gasoline. The volatile liquid inside the vessel can then evaporate, resulting in gas vapors diffusing into the air in the vapor space above the liquid inside the storage vessel. These gas vapors may cause environmental damage if released from the vessel. Accordingly, vessels storing the volatile liquid may be sealed to limit release of the gas vapors. Sealed containers in an open environment are subject to expansion and contraction of the liquid and vapors stored within. For example, when the volatile liquid and vapors expands due to rising temperatures caused by the sun, the pressure within the sealed storage tanks also increases. In some situations, the storage tank may bend outward or even burst open from the increase in pressure. Conversely, when the liquid and vapors contract due to falling temperatures at night, the pressure within the sealed storage tanks decreases. In some situations, the storage tank may bend inward or even implode from the reduction in pressure.
- Storage vessels may also store solids and/or liquids that generate additional vapor, such as biodegradable material, in an anaerobic digestion tank, which produces methane and other gases as a result of bacterial action, or crude oil which flashes upon reduction in pressure, releasing hydrocarbon vapors such as methane and butane.
- What is described is an apparatus for the storage of atmospheric air inside a storage vessel. The apparatus includes a sealed storage tank having an upper tank opening and defining a tank cavity configured to store volatile liquid and vapors. The apparatus also includes a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity. The apparatus also includes a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening. The apparatus also includes a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity. The bag has an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube. The bag is configured to receive or emit atmospheric air via the tube when the volatile liquid and vapors stored within the storage tank contract or expand due to variations in temperature of the stored vapors, and a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity is supported by the bag flange.
- Also described is an apparatus for the safe handling and storage of volatile liquid and vapors inside of a tank cavity of a sealed storage tank. The apparatus includes a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity. The apparatus also includes a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening. The apparatus also includes a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, and a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange. The bag has an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube. The bag is configured to receive or emit atmospheric air via the tube responsive to at least one of a change in volume of the volatile liquid stored within the sealed storage tank or a change in volume of the vapors stored within the sealed storage tank.
- Also described is an apparatus for the safe handling and storage of matter and vapors created from the matter. The apparatus includes a sealed storage tank having an upper tank opening and defining a tank cavity configured to store the matter and the vapors created from the matter. The apparatus also includes a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity. The apparatus also includes a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening. The apparatus also includes a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange. The bag has an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube. The bag is configured to emit atmospheric air via the tube when the matter stored within the sealed storage tank creates vapors. The bag is also configured to receive atmospheric air via the tube when at least one of the matter or the vapors created from the matter is reduced.
- Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. Component parts shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and may be exaggerated to better illustrate the important features of the present invention.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for the storage of atmospheric air in a vessel or the safe handling and storage of volatile liquid and vapors, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus with a contracted bag, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown inFIG. 2A , according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 3A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus with a partially inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown inFIG. 3A , according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 4A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus with a fully inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the apparatus shown inFIG. 4A , according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the contracted bag outside of the storage tank, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 6 is a top view of the bag within the tank cavity, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the sealed storage tank and bag within the tank, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 8A is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown inFIG. 7 with an inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention. -
FIG. 8B is a side cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown inFIG. 7 with a partially inflated bag, according to an aspect of the invention. - Disclosed herein are apparatuses, systems, and methods for the storage of atmospheric air within a vessel or the safe handling and storage of matter and vapors created from the matter. The matter may be a volatile liquid and vapors created therefrom. A liquid with high volatility is one which will easily vaporize, such as gasoline, acetone, butyl acetate, ethanol, and butane, for example. Conventional sealed storage tanks for these volatile liquids contain both the volatile liquid and vapors from the volatile liquid. Sealed storage tanks may create undesirable emissions from working losses or from standing losses.
- Working losses occur when liquid is pumped into the sealed storage tank, and as the new liquid enters the storage tank, vapor inside the storage tank is forced out, resulting in emissions. To reduce working losses, when liquid is added to the storage tank, a vapor connection line may be attached from the vapor side of the storage tank to the vapor side of the vessel that is filling the storage tank. As liquid flows out of the unloading vessel into the storage tank, vapor flows from the storage tank to the unloading vessel. This approach is called “balanced loading” and may be used to control emissions from underground storage tanks at gasoline stations.
- Standing losses occur due to changes in ambient temperature outside of the storage tank. Sealed storage tanks storing volatile liquid are subject to expansion and contraction forces due to changes in temperature. Some sealed storage tanks containing volatile liquid are located outdoors in areas where there may be a significant difference in the lowest temperature at night and the highest temperature during the day. When the temperature of the volatile liquid and vapors inside the sealed storage tank increases, the volatile liquid and vapors expand, causing pressure inside the sealed storage tank to increase.
- Releasing gases from inside a sealed storage tank to the air outside of the storage tank using a relief valve may not be a desirable option, as the release of gases results in emissions that are harmful to the environment. Retaining the pressurized vapors inside the vessel may also not be a desirable option, as the storage tank body has to be reinforced to withstand the expansion and contraction forces and thus cost significantly more money. Furthermore, even reinforced tanks may fail due to excessive pressure or contraction forces significantly larger than their designed pressures. The system and apparatus described herein accommodates for the expansion and contraction of the volatile liquid without deforming the sealed storage tank or requiring reinforcing, and without releasing emissions. In addition, when volatile liquid and vapors are added to the sealed storage tank or removed from the sealed storage tank, the liquid volume and the gas volume occupied within the sealed storage tank may change. The system and apparatus described herein also accommodates for changes in the stored amounts of the volatile liquid and vapors.
- Alternatively, the matter stored inside the sealed storage tank may be a solid or semi-solid matter which generates vapors. In some embodiments, the matter is organic waste and the vapors are methane. As the organic waste decomposes inside of the sealed vessel, methane is produced. The methane may be used as a power source. As more methane is created, pressure may build inside the sealed vessel, and releasing the methane into the atmosphere to relieve the pressure is undesirable. The system and apparatus described herein accommodates for changes in the stored amounts of the solid or semi-solid matter and the vapors created therefrom.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for the safe handling and storage of volatile liquid and vapors, according to an aspect of the invention. Theapparatus 100 includes a sealedstorage tank 102. The sealedstorage tank 102 may be generally cylindrically shaped. The sealedstorage tank 102 is configured to store the volatile liquid and vapors on a long-term scale. The sealedstorage tank 102 may be made of a metal, such as steel (e.g., stainless steel or a corrosion-resistant steel), which will not chemically react over time with the volatile liquid or vapors stored inside of it. The inner surface of the sealedstorage tank 102 may be treated, either by a process, such as heat or pressure treating, or by applying a material to the inner surface to render the sealedstorage tank 102 more resistant to deterioration from the volatile liquid and vapors stored inside. The inside of the sealedstorage tank 102 may be accessed by amanway 108. Themanway 108 may define an upper tank opening of the sealedstorage tank 102. A pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 is connected to the sealedstorage tank 102 and configured to open to emit vapors or bring in atmospheric air when the pressure or vacuum difference between the inside of the sealedstorage tank 102 and the outside of the sealedstorage tank 102 exceeds a threshold value. In some embodiments, the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 is only used as a fail-safe, as emitting vapors is undesirable. - The
apparatus 100 also includes anemergency pressure vent 170 configured to release pressure from within the sealedstorage tank 102 in an emergency situation. Theapparatus 100 also includes avapor balance pipe 172 configured to connect to a vessel that is filling the sealedstorage tank 102 with additional volatile liquid. Thevapor balance pipe 172 emits vapors from the sealedstorage tank 102 to the vessel to address working losses, as described herein. - A bag (or bladder) inside of the sealed
storage tank 102 may receive or emit atmospheric air via atop opening 106 of atube 112. As described herein, the receiving and emitting of atmospheric air by the bag allows theapparatus 100 to maintain a constant atmospheric pressure within the sealedstorage tank 102, despite changes in temperature. Thetop opening 106 may be angled or shielded such that precipitation or debris may be prohibited from entering the bag via thetop opening 106. -
FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of theapparatus 100 with a substantially empty bag, according to an aspect of the invention, andFIG. 2B is an enlarged view of the top of theapparatus 100 ofFIG. 2A and also shows additional features. - Referring to
FIGS. 2A and 2B , the sealedstorage tank 102 defines atank cavity 103. Abag 114 is within thetank cavity 103 of the sealedstorage tank 102. Thebag 114 defines aninterior bag cavity 116. Thebag 114 is configured to expand or contract based on the temperature of thevolatile liquid 118 andvapors 156 stored within thetank cavity 103. Thebag 114 may be made of a rubberized fabric or any fabric material which will not have a chemical reaction with thevolatile liquid 118 stored inside thetank cavity 103, thevapors 156 stored inside thetank cavity 103, or theatmospheric air 150. As shown inFIG. 2A , outside 127 of the sealedstorage tank 102, the temperature is afirst temperature 130. Thevolatile liquid 118 occupies a firstliquid volume 121 within thetank cavity 103. Thevapors 156 occupy afirst gas volume 120 within thetank cavity 103. Thebag 114 is filled with afirst amount 115 of theatmospheric air 150. The area of thetank cavity 103 not occupied by thevolatile liquid 118 may be referred to as avapor space 190. Thebag 114 may occupy between 10 percent and 50 percent of thevapor space 190. In some embodiments, thebag 114 occupies between 20 percent and 40 percent of thevapor space 190. In some embodiments, thebag 114 occupies approximately 30 percent of thevapor space 190. - As shown in
FIG. 2B , the sealedstorage tank 102 is connected to atube 112. Thetube 112 may be connected to the sealedstorage tank 102 via amanway 108. Themanway 108 may include anopening 129 for receiving thetube 112, and themanway 108 may otherwise be sealed. Theopening 129 may include sealing materials surrounding a periphery of thetube 112 at theopening 129 such thatvapors 156 are unable to leak out of thetank cavity 103 via themanway 108. Thetube 112 has atop opening 106 positioned outside of thetank cavity 103 and abottom opening 152 positioned within thetank cavity 103. While thetube 112 is shown herein as being a single tube travelling through themanway 108 and theopening 129 and sealed at theopening 129, thetube 112 may be formed from multiple tubes. Thetube 112 may include an upper tube attached to theopening 129 and located outside of thetank cavity 103 and a lower tube attached to theopening 129 and located inside thetank cavity 103. - A bag flange (or bladder flange) 104 is located within the
tank cavity 103. Thebag flange 104 is configured to support a weight and location of thebag 114 within thetank cavity 103. Thebag flange 104 has atop opening 154 and abottom opening 158. Thebag flange 104 also includes arim 159 surrounding thebottom opening 158. Thebag flange 104 connects thebag 114 to thetube 112. Thetop opening 154 of thebag flange 104 is connected to thebottom opening 152 of thetube 112. Thebottom opening 158 of thebag flange 104 is aligned with abag opening 161 of thebag 114 such thatatmospheric air 150 may freely pass to and from the outside 127 of the sealedstorage tank 102 and theinterior bag cavity 116. - The
bag flange 104 and thetube 112 may be made of a metal, such as steel, which will not react with atmospheric air or the vapors inside the sealedstorage tank 102. Thebag flange 104, thetube 112, and the sealedstorage tank 102 may all be made of the same material or may each be made of different materials. - The
bag 114 may be connected to therim 159 of thebag flange 104. Thebag flange 104 may also include aflange plate 160 located within theinterior bag cavity 116. Theflange plate 160 may connect to therim 159 of thebag flange 104 using one ormore connectors 162, such as rivets, screws, pins, or bolts. Theconnectors 162 may pass through corresponding holes on therim 159, thebag 114, and theflange plate 160. Theconnectors 162 may be threaded, screwed, welded, brazed, or secured by interference fit to connect theflange plate 160 to therim 159, thereby sandwichably fixing thebag 114 to thebag flange 104. - The
apparatus 100 also includes adistance measurement unit 134. Thedistance measurement unit 134 may be connected to thetube 112 at anopening 163. Thedistance measurement unit 134 is configured to detect a distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and a fixed location on the interior surface of thebag 114. The distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and the fixed location of thebag 114 may serve as an indicator of the degree to which thebag 114 is inflated. The degree to which thebag 114 is inflated may, in turn, serve as an indicator that further actions may need to be taken not to release vapors into the atmosphere. Thedistance measurement unit 134 may include a processor and a memory storing instructions for use by the processor to determine various distances, as described herein, and various volumes of thebag 114, as described herein. - The
distance measurement unit 134 may use adistance measurement apparatus 138 to determine the distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and abag plate 136 located on a bottom surface of theinterior bag cavity 116 of thebag 114. As shown inFIG. 2B , the distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and thebag plate 136 is afirst distance 180. In some embodiments, thedistance measurement apparatus 138 is a retractable tape (or cord, or string, or rope) extending from thedistance measurement unit 134 and connected to thebag plate 136. As thebag 114 inflates, thebag plate 136 may gradually move farther away from the distance measurement unit 134 (as illustrated inFIGS. 2B, 3B, and 4B ). Accordingly, the retractable tape attached to thebag plate 136 will be extended as thebag 114 inflates. Thedistance measurement unit 134 may be configured to detect an amount of retractable tape that is deployed. - In some embodiments, the
distance measurement apparatus 138 is a laser and a sensor. The laser emits a beam of light, which reflects off of thebag plate 136. The reflection from thebag plate 136 is detected by the sensor, and based on a time between emission of the beam of light and the detection of the reflection by the sensor, thedistance measurement unit 134 is able to detect a distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and thebag plate 136. - When the
distance measurement apparatus 138 is a laser, theopening 163 is at a location on thetube 112 such that the beam of light may pass straight through thetube 112 and into thebag 114, as shown inFIGS. 2B, 3B, and 4B . When thedistance measurement apparatus 138 is a retractable tape, thedistance measurement unit 134 and theopening 163 may be positioned anywhere on thetube 112 such that the retractable tape has access to theinterior 116 of thebag 114 via thetube 112. -
FIG. 3A is a side cross-sectional view of theapparatus 100 with a partially inflatedbag 114, according to an aspect of the invention, andFIG. 3B is an enlarged view of the top of theapparatus 100 ofFIG. 3A . - The outside 127 of the sealed
storage tank 102 has asecond temperature 131. In one embodiment, thesecond temperature 131 is a lower temperature than thefirst temperature 130 ofFIG. 2A . As a result, thevapors 156 have contracted. Thevapors 156 now occupy asecond gas volume 122. Thesecond gas volume 122 is less than thefirst gas volume 120. - As the
vapors 156 contract, theatmospheric air 150 is drawn into thebag 114 via thetube 112. In particular, theatmospheric air 150 enters through thetop opening 106 of thetube 112, passes through thebottom opening 152 of thetube 112, passes through thetop opening 154 of thebag flange 104, passes through thebottom opening 158 of thebag flange 104, and enters theinterior bag cavity 116. Thebag 114 inflates with theatmospheric air 150 and thebag 114 now has asecond amount 117 of theatmospheric air 150 inside of thebag 114. Thesecond amount 117 is greater than thefirst amount 115 of theatmospheric air 150 inside of thebag 114 inFIG. 2A . As a result, any potential effects from a potential pressure difference between thetank cavity 103 and the outside 127 as a result of the falling temperature is mitigated. If thebag 114 were not used in theapparatus 100, the pressure outside 127 may be greater than the pressure in thetank cavity 103, and the sealedstorage tank 102 may have deformed inward, or the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 may have allowedatmospheric air 150 into thetank cavity 103 to mix with thevapors 156. - In addition to the
bag 114 having an increased amount ofatmospheric air 150 in theinterior bag cavity 116, the distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and thebag plate 136 is now asecond distance 182. Thesecond distance 182 is greater than thefirst distance 180. Thedistance measurement unit 134 may determine thesecond amount 117 of theatmospheric air 150 inside thebag 114 based on thesecond distance 182. Thedistance measurement unit 134 may be connected to a clock and/or a thermometer, and may be able to determine a relationship between the time and/or a temperature and the amount of theatmospheric air 150 inside of thebag 114. - The
volatile liquid 118 may also be removed from thetank cavity 103, decreasing the liquid volume of the volatile liquid 118 from the firstliquid volume 121 to the secondliquid volume 123. Decreasing the liquid volume of thevolatile liquid 118 may also cause thebag 114 to inflate, similar to the contraction of thevapors 156 described herein. -
FIG. 4A is a side cross-sectional view of theapparatus 100 with a fully inflatedbag 114, according to an aspect of the invention, andFIG. 4B is an enlarged view of the top of theapparatus 100 ofFIG. 4A . - The outside 127 of the sealed
storage tank 102 has athird temperature 132. Thethird temperature 132 is a lower temperature than thefirst temperature 130 ofFIG. 2A and thesecond temperature 131 ofFIG. 3A . As a result, thevapors 156 have further contracted. Thevapors 156 now occupy athird gas volume 124. Thethird gas volume 124 is less than thesecond gas volume 122. - Again, as the
vapors 156 contract, theatmospheric air 150 is drawn into thebag 114 via thetube 112. Thebag 114 inflates with theatmospheric air 150 and thebag 114 now has athird amount 119 of theatmospheric air 150 inside of thebag 114. Thethird amount 119 is greater than thesecond amount 117 of theatmospheric air 150 inside of thebag 114 inFIG. 3A . - In addition to the
bag 114 having an increased amount of theatmospheric air 150 in theinterior bag cavity 116, the distance between thedistance measurement unit 134 and thebag plate 136 is athird distance 184. Thethird distance 184 is greater than thefirst distance 180 and thesecond distance 182. Thedistance measurement unit 134 may determine thethird amount 119 of theatmospheric air 150 inside thebag 114 based on thethird distance 184. - The
volatile liquid 118 may further be removed from thetank cavity 103, causing the liquid volume of thevolatile liquid 118 to further decrease from the secondliquid volume 123 to the thirdliquid volume 125. The decreasing of the liquid volume of thevolatile liquid 118 may cause thebag 114 to further inflate, similar to the contraction of thevapors 156 described herein. - The states of the
apparatus 100 illustrated inFIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B may alternate based on the temperature of the outside 124 affecting the temperature of thevolatile liquid 118 and thevapors 156 stored inside the sealedstorage tank 102. For example, as the temperature of the outside 127 increases, thevapors 156 expand, causing thebag 114 to deflate (e.g.,FIGS. 4A-4B toFIGS. 3A-3B toFIGS. 2A-2B ). When thebag 114 deflates, theatmospheric air 150 in theinterior bag cavity 116 exits the bag via thebag flange 104 and thetube 112 and out of thetop opening 106 of thetube 112. The states of theapparatus 100 illustrated inFIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B may also alternate based on thevolatile liquid 118 being pumped into or out of thetank cavity 103. The expansion or contraction of the storedvolatile liquid 118 may also contribute to variations in the pressure within thetank cavity 103, causing thebag 114 to deflate or inflate, respectively. The effect of the expansion or contraction of the storedvolatile liquid 118 may not have as much of an impact on pressure within thetank cavity 103 as the expansion or contraction of the storedvapors 156. - If the
bag 114 were not a part of theapparatus 100, the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 may releasevapors 156 into the environment so that the pressure difference between thetank cavity 103 and the outside 127 does not cause the sealedstorage tank 102 to deform or rupture. - While the variations in the bag inflation state have been described with respect to the variations in the temperature and volume of the liquids and vapors stored in the tank cavity, adding or removing volatile liquid and/or vapors while maintaining the seal of the sealed storage tank may cause variations in the volume of the atmospheric air inside the bag. For example, if the
volatile liquid 118 is removed from thetank cavity 103 inFIG. 2A , the liquid volume occupied by thevolatile liquid 118 would decrease, and thebag 114 would inflate, as shown inFIGS. 3A and 4A . In addition, if thevolatile liquid 118 is added to thetank cavity 103 inFIG. 4A , the liquid volume occupied by thevolatile liquid 118 would increase, and thebag 114 would inflate, as shown inFIGS. 3A and 2A . In general, thebag 114 of thesystem 100 allows for maintaining of a constant atmospheric pressure within thetank cavity 103, regardless of changes in liquid volume or gas volume of the contents of the sealedstorage tank 102. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the contracted bag outside of the sealed storage tank, according to an aspect of the invention. - The
bag 114 as shown inFIG. 5 is uninflated and outside of thetank cavity 103 of the sealedstorage tank 102. Themanway 108 is open, allowing thebag 114 to enter thetank cavity 103. Themanway 108 has anopening diameter 502 and thebag flange 104 has aflange diameter 504. In some embodiments, theopening diameter 502 of themanway 108 is approximately 24 inches. In some embodiments, theflange diameter 504 is 16 inches. Once thebag 114, thebag flange 104, and part of thetube 112 are inside thetank cavity 103, amanway cover 508 may be placed within or on top of themanway 108. - In some embodiments, the
tube 112 is made of an upper tube and a lower tube, and each are connected to themanway cover 508. Themanway cover 508 is sealed by a gasket located between themanway cover 508 and themanway 103. In some embodiments, thetube 112 is a single tube and themanway cover 508 has anopening 129 for thetube 112 to pass through, and the sealedstorage tank 102 may be sealed around aportion 506 of thetube 112 that occupies theopening 129. - The
tube 112 may have a straight path from the distance measurement unit through thetube 112 and into thebag 114. Thetube 112 may have a curved or bent path from theopening 106 through the tube 112 (which may include two tubes connected to the manway cover 508) and into thebag 114. -
FIG. 6 is a top cross-sectional view of thetank cavity 103 with abag 114 stretched out to resemble what it would look like if it were flat on the ground, within thetank cavity 103. The sealedstorage tank 102 and thetank cavity 103 defined thereby may be circular in shape. The sealedstorage tank 102 may have adiameter 608. In some embodiments, the sealedstorage tank 102 has a diameter of 10 feet and a height of 15 feet. Thebag 114 may have a generally rectangular shape, with afirst width 602, asecond width 604, and adiagonal length 606. In some embodiments, thebag 114 has a square shape, with thefirst width 602 and thesecond width 604 being the same width. In some embodiments, thebag 114 is square shaped with afirst width 602 of 12 feet and asecond width 604 of 12 feet. In yet other embodiments, the bag may be any number of different shapes, including a circle, a hexagon, or a pentagon, for example. - The
bag flange 104 may have aflange diameter 504. Theflange diameter 504 of thebag flange 104 may scale with the dimensions of thebag 114. Thebag flange 104 may support the weight of thebag 114 and may establish the position of thebag 114 within thetank cavity 103. Accordingly, as thebag 114 increases in size, thebag flange 104 may also increase in size. - In some embodiments, the
flange diameter 504 of thebag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of thediagonal length 606 of thebag 114. In some embodiments, theflange diameter 504 of thebag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of thefirst width 602 of thebag 114. In some embodiments, theflange diameter 504 of thebag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of thesecond width 604 of thebag 114. In some embodiments, theflange diameter 504 of thebag flange 104 is between about 6 and 10 percent of thediameter 186 of thebag 114 in a fully inflated state (as shown inFIG. 4B ). While the shape of thebag 114 may be generally rectangular, when fully inflated, the material used to make thebag 114 may be sufficiently elastic to allow thebag 114 to be generally spherical when fully inflated. - The generally rectangular shape of the
bag 114 and the circular shape of the sealedstorage tank 102 results inmultiple gaps 610 between thebag 114 and theinterior wall 612 of thetank cavity 103. Thegaps 610 may allow for vapors to freely pass and rise up from the volatile liquid stored below thebag 114, and surround thebag 114. - The systems described herein may also be used to store solid, semi-solid, and/or liquid matter and the vapors produced from the matter. In some embodiments, the matter is biodegradable food waste and the vapors are methane and other vapors produced from the decomposing of the food waste. The methane may be used in other systems as a power source.
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FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of asystem 700 used to store biodegradable matter and the vapors created therefrom. Thesystem 700 includes a sealedstorage tank 702. The sealedstorage tank 702 is generally rectangularly shaped, but may be cylindrically shaped, as shown inFIG. 1 . Likewise, the sealedstorage tank 102 may be generally rectangularly shaped, similar to the sealedstorage tank 702. - When the
system 700 is used for storage of biodegradable matter, the sealedstorage tank 702 may be constructed to insulate the matter and vapors stored inside. The biodegradable matter may be broken down by bacteria more efficiently at a constant, high temperature. The sealedstorage tank 702 may be made of any insulating material, such as ceramic or a multi-layered metal having an insulator disposed between layers, for example. - The
system 700 may also include a pressure/vacuum relief valve 710, similar to the pressure/vacuum relief valve 110 described herein. Thesystem 700 may also include avapor exit tube 772, used to direct vapors out of the sealedstorage tank 702. Thesystem 700 may also include atube 712 similar to thetube 112 having atop opening 706 similar to thetop opening 106. -
FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate cross-sectional side views of asystem 800, similar to thesystem 700. Thesystem 800 includes a sealedstorage tank 802 being made of standard construction, as described herein, or any insulating material, such as ceramic or a multi-layered metal having an insulator disposed between layers, for example. The sealedstorage tank 802 defines atank cavity 803. Thetank cavity 803 may store matter 818, which producesvapors 856. Thesystem 800 also includes avapor exit tube 872, used to direct vapors out of thetank cavity 803 of the sealedstorage tank 802. - The
system 800 includes a pressure/vacuum relief valve 810 and atube 812 having atop opening 806 and abottom opening 852. Thebottom opening 852 of thetube 812 is connected to atop opening 854 of aflange 804. Theflange 804 has abottom opening 858 connected to abag opening 861 of abag 814 connected to theflange 804. Thebag opening 814 and thebottom opening 858 of theflange 804 may be aligned so thatatmospheric air 850 may freely enter aninterior bag cavity 816 of thebag 814. Thesystem 800 includes adistance measurement unit 834 having adistance measurement apparatus 838. Thebag 814 includes abag plate 836. In general, thesystem 800 has many components in common with thesystem 100, and similar parts are numbered similarly. One of ordinary skill in the art could freely combine the features of thesystem 100 and thesystem 800. - As shown in
FIG. 8A , thebag 814 is in a fully inflated state. Thematter 818 may occupy afirst matter volume 821 and thevapors 856 may occupy afirst gas volume 820. When thebag 814 is fully inflated, the distance between thebag plate 836 and thedistance measurement unit 834, as indicated by the distance measurement apparatus 838 (e.g., laser and sensor or retractable tape) is afirst distance 880. - As shown in
FIG. 8B , thebag 814 is in a partially inflated state. Thematter 818 may occupy asecond matter volume 823 and thevapors 856 may occupy asecond gas volume 822. Thematter 818 may have decomposed, and thesecond matter volume 823 may be less than thefirst matter volume 821. However, in decomposing, thematter 818 may have createdadditional vapors 856 such that thesecond gas volume 822 is greater than thefirst gas volume 820. As a result of the increase invapors 856, theatmospheric air 850 has exited theinterior bag cavity 816 to outside of the tank cavity via thetube 812. - In
FIG. 8B , distance between thebag plate 836 and thedistance measurement unit 834, as indicated by thedistance measurement apparatus 838 is now asecond distance 882. Thesecond distance 882 is shorter than thefirst distance 880, indicating that theinterior bag cavity 816 of thebag 814 is filled with lessatmospheric air 850 than before (inFIG. 8A ). When thebag 814 has deflated, it may be determined thatmore vapors 856 have been created from thematter 818. In some embodiments, based on the amount ofmatter 818 and the distance measured by thedistance measurement unit 834, thedistance measurement unit 834 may determine a gas volume of thevapors 856 stored inside thetank cavity 803. Thedistance measurement unit 834 may, over time, track the production ofvapors 856 within thetank cavity 803 based on the determined volume of theatmospheric air 850 inside theinterior bag cavity 816. - In order to harvest the
vapors 856, thevapors 856 may be brought out of thetank cavity 803 via avapor exit tube 872. In some situations, it may be beneficial for thevapors 856 to be urged or propelled out of thetank cavity 803. Thesystem 800 may include apump 892 connected to thetop opening 806 of thetube 812. Thepump 892 may bring in theatmospheric air 850 into theinterior bag cavity 816 via thetube 812, such that thebag 814 is purposefully inflated. Thearrow 890 illustrates theatmospheric air 850 entering thetop opening 806 of thetube 812. As thebag 814 inflates, thevapors 856 are urged out of thetank cavity 803 via thevapor exit tube 872, as illustrated byarrow 894. In order to reliably urge thevapors 856 out of thetank cavity 803, thebag 814, when fully inflated, may occupy substantially all of the vapor space of thetank cavity 803. - Exemplary embodiments of the methods/systems have been disclosed in an illustrative style. Accordingly, the terminology employed throughout should be read in a non-limiting manner. Although minor modifications to the teachings herein will occur to those well versed in the art, it shall be understood that what is intended to be circumscribed within the scope of the patent warranted hereon are all such embodiments that reasonably fall within the scope of the advancement to the art hereby contributed, and that that scope shall not be restricted, except in light of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (20)
1. An apparatus for the storage of atmospheric air inside a storage vessel, the apparatus comprising:
a sealed storage tank having an upper tank opening and defining a tank cavity configured to store volatile liquid and vapors;
a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity;
a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening; and
a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, the bag having an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube, the bag configured to receive or emit atmospheric air via the tube when the volatile liquid and vapors stored within the sealed storage tank contract or expand due to variations in temperature of the stored vapors, and a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a level indicator unit connected to the connector tube, the level indicator unit configured to detect a height of the bag, determine a bag volume based on the height of the bag, and determine a volume of volatile liquid and vapors stored in the sealed storage tank based on the bag volume.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the level indicator unit includes a laser configured to emit a beam through the connector tube and to a laser reflector located on an interior bottom surface of the bag, and
wherein the level indicator unit detects the height of the bag based on a reflection of the beam from the laser reflector.
4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the level indicator unit includes a retractable tape connected to a tape connection point located on an interior bottom surface of the bag, the retractable tape travelling through the connector tube, and
wherein the level indicator unit detects the height of the bag based on a detected length of the tape.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a vapor space not occupied by the stored volatile liquid inside the tank cavity, and wherein the bag occupies between 10% and 50% of the vapor space.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bag flange has a flange diameter and the bag has a bag diameter, the flange diameter being between 6 percent and 10 percent of the bag diameter.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bag is connected to the rim surrounding the bottom opening of the bag flange.
8. An apparatus for the safe handling and storage of volatile liquid and vapors inside of a tank cavity of a sealed storage tank, the apparatus comprising:
a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity;
a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening; and
a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange, the bag having an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube, and the bag configured to receive or emit atmospheric air via the tube responsive to at least one of a change in volume of the volatile liquid stored within the sealed storage tank or a change in volume of the vapors stored within the sealed storage tank.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising a level indicator unit connected to the connector tube, the level indicator unit configured to detect a height of the bag, determine a bag volume based on the height of the bag, and determine a volume of volatile liquid and vapors stored in the sealed storage tank based on the bag volume.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the level indicator unit includes a laser configured to emit a beam through the connector tube and to a laser reflector located on an interior bottom surface of the bag, and
wherein the level indicator unit detects the height of the bag based on a reflection of the beam from the laser reflector.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the level indicator unit includes a retractable tape connected to a tape connection point located on an interior bottom surface of the bag, the retractable tape travelling through the connector tube, and
wherein the level indicator unit detects the height of the bag based on a detected length of the tape.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising a vapor space not occupied by the stored volatile liquid inside the tank cavity, and wherein the bag occupies between 10% and 50% of the vapor space.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the bag flange has a flange diameter and the bag has a bag diameter, the flange diameter being between 6 percent and 10 percent of the bag diameter.
14. An apparatus for the safe handling and storage of matter and vapors created from the matter, the apparatus comprising:
a sealed storage tank having an upper tank opening and defining a tank cavity configured to store the matter and the vapors created from the matter;
a tube having a top opening and a bottom opening, the top opening positioned outside the tank cavity and the bottom opening positioned within the tank cavity;
a bag flange located within the tank cavity and having a bottom opening, a top opening connected to the bottom opening of the tube, and a rim surrounding the bottom opening; and
a bag connected to the bottom opening of the bag flange and located within the tank cavity, a weight and a location of the bag within the tank cavity being supported by the bag flange, the bag having an opening aligned with the bottom opening of the bag flange and the bottom opening of the connecting tube, the bag configured to:
emit atmospheric air via the tube when the matter stored within the sealed storage tank creates vapors, and
receive atmospheric air via the tube when at least one of the matter or the vapors created from the matter is reduced.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising a level indicator unit connected to the connector tube, the level indicator unit configured to detect a height of the bag, determine a bag volume based on the height of the bag, and determine a volume of vapors created from the matter based on the bag volume and a known volume of the matter.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the level indicator unit includes a laser configured to emit a beam through the connector tube and to a laser reflector located on an interior bottom surface of the bag, and
wherein the level indicator unit detects the height of the bag based on a reflection of the beam from the laser reflector.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the level indicator unit includes a retractable tape connected to a tape connection point located on an interior bottom surface of the bag, the retractable tape travelling through the connector tube, and
wherein the level indicator unit detects the height of the bag based on a detected length of the tape.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the matter is food waste and the vapors created from the matter are methane, and
wherein the sealed storage tank is an insulated sealed storage tank for maintaining a substantially constant temperature conducive for breaking down of the food waste into methane.
19. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising a vapor exit tube attached to the sealed storage tank, the vapor exit tube configured to allow the vapors created from the matter to exit the tank cavity, and a pump attached to the top opening of the tube, the pump configured to inflate the bag by directing atmospheric air into the bag, the inflating of the bag forcing the vapors created from the matter to exit tank cavity via the vapor exit tube.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , further comprising a vapor space not occupied by the stored matter inside the tank cavity, and wherein the bag occupies substantially all of the vapor space when the bag is in a fully inflated state.
Priority Applications (1)
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US15/456,378 US20180155121A1 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-10 | System and method for controlling vapor expansions and contractions inside of closed storage vessels |
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US201662430818P | 2016-12-06 | 2016-12-06 | |
US15/456,378 US20180155121A1 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-10 | System and method for controlling vapor expansions and contractions inside of closed storage vessels |
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US20180155121A1 true US20180155121A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
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US15/456,378 Abandoned US20180155121A1 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-10 | System and method for controlling vapor expansions and contractions inside of closed storage vessels |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114013847A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-08 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Gasoline inner floating roof storage tank |
CN115447464A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-12-09 | 河南银丰科技有限公司 | Carriage with self-tightening functional material transport bag and unloading method |
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CN115447464A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-12-09 | 河南银丰科技有限公司 | Carriage with self-tightening functional material transport bag and unloading method |
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