US20170336115A1 - Air-conditioning apparatus - Google Patents
Air-conditioning apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US20170336115A1 US20170336115A1 US15/523,013 US201515523013A US2017336115A1 US 20170336115 A1 US20170336115 A1 US 20170336115A1 US 201515523013 A US201515523013 A US 201515523013A US 2017336115 A1 US2017336115 A1 US 2017336115A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure reducing
- reducing device
- control time
- compressor
- heat exchanger
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
- F25B47/025—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting by reversing the cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/41—Defrosting; Preventing freezing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
- F25B2400/053—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the storage receiver and another part of the system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/05—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
- F25B2400/054—Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system between the suction tube of the compressor and another part of the cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/12—Sound
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/01—Timing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air-conditioning apparatus.
- a conventional air-conditioning apparatus performs a defrosting operation every time the air-conditioning apparatus performs a heating operation for a predetermined time to melt frost adhering to an outdoor heat exchanger to control deterioration of heat exchange capacity (see Patent Literature 1, for example).
- the conventional air-conditioning apparatus sets the rotation speed of a compressor to be lower than that in the defrosting operation and sets the opening degree of a pressure reducing device to be less than that in the defrosting operation at the completion of the defrosting operation.
- pressure difference between an outdoor heat exchanger side and an indoor heat exchanger side of the pressure reducing device is hardly reduced.
- This relatively large pressure difference causes a relatively large amount of refrigerant to move in the pressure reducing device, resulting in a problem of the occurrence of refrigerant sound from the pressure reducing device at the completion of the defrosting operation.
- the compressor is stopped, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device is further reduced.
- the above-described pressure difference is not eliminated even at the resumption of the heating operation, raising a problem that an excessive load is imposed on a shaft bearing of the compressor at the start of the compressor, creating a possibility of malfunction of the compressor.
- the present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and aims to provide an air-conditioning apparatus in which the occurrence of the refrigerant sound at the completion of the defrosting operation is controlled and the malfunction of the compressor possibly occurring at the resumption of the heating operation is controlled.
- An air-conditioning apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit connecting a compressor, a refrigerant circuit switching device, an outdoor heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device, and an indoor heat exchanger, and performing a refrigeration cycle in which refrigerant circulates, and a control unit configured to control the refrigerant circuit switching device to cause refrigerant to flow from the compressor into the indoor heat exchanger in a heating operation, and cause refrigerant to flow from the compressor into the outdoor heat exchanger in a defrosting operation of defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger.
- the control unit is configured to set a rotation speed of the compressor to be lower than that in the defrosting operation and set an opening degree of the pressure reducing device to be equal to or greater than that in the defrosting operation during a first control time after completion of the defrosting operation, stop the compressor and set the opening degree of the pressure reducing device to be less than that in the first control time during a second control time after lapse of the first control time, and control the refrigerant circuit switching device to resume the heating operation after lapse of the second control time.
- the rotation speed of the compressor is set to be lower than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device is set to be equal to or greater than that in the defrosting operation.
- the compressor is stopped, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device is set to be less than that in the first control time.
- This operation in the first control time can substantially reduce the pressure difference between the outdoor heat exchanger side and the indoor heat exchanger side of the pressure reducing device, as compared with the conventional art. It is therefore possible to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound from the pressure reducing device at the completion of the defrosting operation. Further, since it is possible to substantially reduce the above-described pressure difference during the first control time, it is possible to reliably eliminate the pressure difference at the resumption of the heating operation, thus controlling the malfunction of the compressor at the resumption of the heating operation.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of a compressor and the opening degree of a pressure reducing device after a defrosting operation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a change in a pressure difference between an outdoor heat exchanger side and an indoor heat exchanger side in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, as compared with that in a conventional art.
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of the compressor and the opening degrees of pressure reducing devices after the defrosting operation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 of an air-conditioning apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 1 is formed of an outdoor unit 10 , an indoor unit 20 , and extension pipes 30 a and 30 b on a liquid side and a gas side connecting the outdoor unit 10 and the indoor unit 20 to each other.
- the outdoor unit 10 includes a compressor 11 , a refrigerant circuit switching device 12 , an outdoor heat exchanger 13 , a pressure reducing device 14 , an outdoor fan 15 , and other devices.
- the indoor unit 20 includes an indoor heat exchanger 21 , an indoor fan 22 , and other devices.
- a refrigerant circuit is formed that sequentially and circularly connects the compressor 11 , the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 , the outdoor heat exchanger 13 , the pressure reducing device 14 , and the indoor heat exchanger 21 , and is filled with refrigerant R 32 .
- the compressor 11 in this refrigerant circuit has a discharge side connected to a first connection end ( 1 ) of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 and a suction side connected to a second connection end ( 2 ) of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 .
- a scroll or rotary, fully hermetic compressor for example, is employed as the compressor 11 .
- An electric motor of the compressor 11 is connected to a commercial power supply via an inverter. When the output frequency of the inverter is changed, the rotation speed of the electric motor changes, and the rotation speed of the compressor 11 changes accordingly.
- the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 switches the circulation direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit to switch the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus (one of a cooling operation, a heating operation, and a defrosting operation). In the cooling operation or the defrosting operation, this refrigerant circuit switching device 12 is brought into a first switching state in which the first connection end ( 1 ) communicates with the third connection end ( 3 ), and the second connection end ( 2 ) and the fourth connection end ( 4 ) communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 is brought into a second switching state in which the first connection end ( 1 ) and the fourth connection end ( 4 ) communicate with each other, and the second connection end ( 2 ) communicates with the third connection end ( 3 ).
- Cross-fin heat exchangers are employed as the outdoor heat exchanger 13 and the indoor heat exchanger 21 .
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat of the refrigerant with outdoor air
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 exchanges heat of the refrigerant with indoor air.
- the pressure reducing device 14 is an electronic expansion valve, for example, and is configured to be changed in opening degree by a pulse motor.
- a controller 40 mounted in the outdoor unit 10 controls the operations of devices of the refrigerant circuit, such as the rotation speed of the compressor 11 , the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 , and the switching of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 .
- the controller 40 is not limited to be mounted in the outdoor unit 10 , and may be mounted in the indoor unit 20 , or may be mounted in both the outdoor unit 10 and the indoor unit 20 to allow communication with each other.
- this controller 40 sets the rotation speed of the compressor 11 to be lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 , when the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is fully open. Further, when the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is not fully open, the controller 40 increases the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 (to fully open, for example).
- the controller 40 stops the compressor 11 , and sets the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time. After the lapse of the second control time, the controller 40 switches the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 to the second switching state to resume the heating operation.
- the controller 40 brings the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 into the first switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 reaches a target value.
- the controller 40 further performs the operations of the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 .
- Gas refrigerant evaporated in the indoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into the compressor 11 via the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 . This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by the compressor 11 , and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated.
- the controller 40 brings the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 into the second switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 21 reaches a target value.
- the controller 40 further performs the operations of the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 .
- the gas refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is then suctioned into the compressor 11 via the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 .
- This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by the compressor 11 , and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated.
- the controller 40 switches the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 from the second switching state to the first switching state during the heating operation, and controls the pressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation so that the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 reaches a preset opening degree for the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). Further, the controller 40 stops the operations of the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 .
- the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into the compressor 11 via the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 .
- This suctioned refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by the compressor 11 , and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated.
- This defrosting operation continues to be performed until a predetermined condition for the completion of defrosting is satisfied. For example, a defrosting operation time corresponding to the outdoor air temperature is previously set in the controller 40 as the condition for the completion of defrosting.
- the controller 40 selects the defrosting operation time based on the temperature detected by a temperature detection unit (not illustrated) installed in the outdoor unit 10 (outdoor air temperature), and performs the defrosting operation until the defrosting operation time elapses.
- a temperature condition of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 (plus 3 degrees Celsius, at which frost is reliably melted, for example) is previously set in the controller 40 as the condition for the completion of defrosting.
- the controller 40 performs the defrosting operation until the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit (not illustrated) installed in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 in the outdoor unit 10 (outdoor heat exchanger temperature) reaches the above-described preset temperature condition (plus 3 degrees Celsius in this case).
- FIG. 2 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of the compressor and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device after the defrosting operation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a change in a pressure difference between an outdoor heat exchanger side and an indoor heat exchanger side in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, as compared with that in a conventional art.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 illustrate examples, which are not exhaustive.
- the controller 40 drives the compressor 11 with the rotation speed lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 to be equal to that in the defrosting operation (fully open, for example).
- the controller 40 further maintains the first switching state of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 , and keeps the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 stopped.
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in the first control time is described to be maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation, the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is increased (to fully open, for example) when the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is not fully open.
- the refrigerant circulates in the same direction as that in the defrosting operation.
- the refrigeration cycle is performed also in this case in which the outdoor heat exchanger 13 acts as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger 21 acts as an evaporator.
- the pressure difference between the outdoor heat exchanger 13 side and the indoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to the pressure reducing device 14 is substantially reduced as compared with that in the defrosting operation, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , because the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is maintained at that in the defrosting operation or set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation while the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is reduced.
- the compressor 11 is driven with the rotation speed lower than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is set to be less than that in the defrosting operation.
- the above-described pressure difference is thus smaller than that in the defrosting operation, but is not smaller than that in Embodiment 1 described above due to the reduction in the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 , and a relatively large pressure difference is maintained.
- the conventional art therefore is unable to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound accompanying the movement of the refrigerant due to the pressure difference.
- the controller 40 stops the compressor 11 , and sets the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time (a minimum opening degree, for example). Further, the controller 40 maintains the first switching state of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 , and keeps the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 stopped.
- the compressor 11 in the refrigerant circuit is stopped in this process, and thus the refrigeration cycle is not performed and the refrigerant does not circulate from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 side to the indoor heat exchanger 21 side via the pressure reducing device 14 .
- a part of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 21 through the pressure reducing device 14 to eliminate the pressure difference between the outdoor heat exchanger 13 side and the indoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to the pressure reducing device 14 .
- the above-described pressure difference is smaller than that in the conventional art, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is further reduced.
- the flow of the liquid refrigerant from the outdoor heat exchanger 13 to the indoor heat exchanger 21 is reduced to a minimum amount, and the above-described pressure difference is reliably eliminated (the pressure difference is zero) at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation.
- the length of the second control time has been set to be equal to that of the first control time, when the first control time is set to be sufficiently long (45 seconds, for example), the drop of the pressure difference in the first control time further increases, enabling the second control time to be shorter than the first control time. Also in this case, the pressure difference can be reliably eliminated. Alternatively, the second control time may be set to be longer than the first control time. In this case, the pressure difference can be more reliably eliminated.
- the controller 40 switches the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 from the first switching state to the second switching state to resume the heating operation.
- the controller 40 starts and controls the compressor 11 to increase the rotation speed of the compressor 11 in steps, and controls the pressure reducing device 14 to increase the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in steps to a predetermined opening degree. Since the above-described pressure difference has been eliminated at the start of this compressor 11 , no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of the compressor 11 , leaving no possibility of malfunction of the compressor 11 .
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation, or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, when the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is to be reduced. It is thereby possible to substantially reduce the pressure difference to thus control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound.
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation, or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, as described above. Further, in the second control time, the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is set to be less than that in the first control time when the compressor 1 is stopped. Thereby, the pressure difference is eliminated at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, and thus no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of the compressor 11 , leaving no possibility of malfunction of the compressor 11 .
- the present invention is useful for an air-conditioning apparatus that performs a heating operation of heating the interior of a room and a defrosting operation of defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger 13 .
- Embodiment 1 the rotation speed of the compressor 11 and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 are controlled in Embodiment 1 to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound and the malfunction of the compressor
- Embodiment 2 the rotation speed of the compressor 11 and the opening degrees of two pressure reducing devices are controlled in Embodiment 2 to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound and the malfunction of the compressor.
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Parts same as those in Embodiment 1 are assigned with the same reference signs. Further, description of the parts same as those in Embodiment 1 will be omitted.
- the air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 2 includes the outdoor unit 10 having a container 16 and a pressure reducing device 17 (a second pressure reducing device) added between the pressure reducing device 14 (a first pressure reducing device) and the indoor heat exchanger 21 .
- the discharge side of the compressor 11 is connected to the first connection end ( 1 ) of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12
- the suction side of the compressor 11 is connected to the second connection end ( 2 ) of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 via a fifth connection end ( 5 ) to a sixth connection end ( 6 ) of the container 16 .
- the outdoor heat exchanger 13 the pressure reducing device 14 , the container 16 , the pressure reducing device 17 , and the indoor heat exchanger 21 are sequentially connected from the side of the third connection end ( 3 ).
- the pressure reducing device 17 is an electronic expansion valve similarly to the pressure reducing device 14 , and is configured to be changed in opening degree by a pulse motor.
- a controller 40 a controls the operations of devices of the refrigerant circuit, such as the rotation speed of the compressor 11 , the opening degrees of the pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 , and the switching of the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 .
- the controller 40 a sets the rotation speed of the compressor 11 to be lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 , when the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is fully open. Further, when the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 in the defrosting operation is fully open, the controller 40 a maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 .
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is increased (to fully open, for example).
- the controller 40 a stops the compressor 11 , sets the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time, and maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 .
- the controller 40 a switches the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 to the second switching state to resume the heating operation.
- Embodiment 2 A description will be given here of an operation of the air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 2.
- This air-conditioning apparatus performs the cooling operation, the heating operation, and the defrosting operation of defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger 13 similarly as in Embodiment 1.
- the controller 40 a brings the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 into the first switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 reaches a target value.
- the controller 40 a further adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 so that a discharge temperature of the compressor 11 reaches a target value.
- the controller 40 a performs the operations of the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 .
- Gas refrigerant evaporated in the indoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into the compressor 11 via the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 and the container 16 . This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by the compressor 11 , and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated.
- the controller 40 a brings the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 into the second switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 21 reaches a target value.
- the controller 40 a further adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 so that the discharge temperature of the compressor 11 reaches a target value. Furthermore, the controller 40 a performs the operations of the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 .
- the gas refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 is then suctioned into the compressor 11 via the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 and the container 16 .
- This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by the compressor 11 , and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated.
- the controller 40 a switches the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 from the second switching state to the first switching state during the heating operation, and controls the pressure reducing device 14 and the pressure reducing device 17 in the defrosting operation so that the opening degrees of the pressure reducing device 14 and the pressure reducing device 17 reach a preset opening degree for the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). Further, the controller 40 stops the operations of the outdoor fan 15 and the indoor fan 22 .
- the refrigerant flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into the compressor 11 via the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 and the container 16 .
- This suctioned refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by the compressor 11 , and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated.
- This defrosting operation continues to be performed until a predetermined condition for the completion of defrosting is satisfied, similarly as in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of the compressor and the opening degrees of the pressure reducing devices after the defrosting operation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example, which is not exhaustive.
- the controller 40 a drives the compressor 11 with the rotation speed lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 to be equal to that in the defrosting operation (fully open, for example).
- the controller 40 a further maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 to be equal to that in the defrosting operation (fully open, for example).
- the pressure difference between the outdoor heat exchanger 13 side and the indoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to the two pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 is substantially reduced as compared with that in the defrosting operation, similarly as in Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 3 ).
- the controller 40 a stops the operation of the compressor 11 and sets the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time.
- the controller 40 a further maintains the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 to be equal to that in the first control time (fully open in this case).
- the opening degrees of the pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 in the first control time are described to be maintained to be equal to those in the defrosting operation, the opening degrees of the pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 are increased (to fully open, for example) when the opening degrees of the pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 in the defrosting operation are not fully open.
- the length of the second control time has been set to be equal to that of the first control time, when the first control time is set to be sufficiently long (45 seconds, for example), the drop of the pressure difference in the first control time further increases, enabling the second control time to be shorter than the first control time. Also in this case, the pressure difference can be reliably eliminated.
- the second control time may be set to be longer than the first control time. In this case, the pressure difference can be more reliably eliminated.
- the controller 40 a switches the refrigerant circuit switching device 12 from the first switching state to the second switching state to resume the heating operation.
- the controller 40 a starts and controls the compressor 11 to increase the rotation speed of the compressor 11 in steps, and controls the pressure reducing device 14 to increase the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 in steps to a predetermined opening degree.
- the controller 40 a further controls the pressure reducing device 17 for a reduction from fully-open degree to a predetermined opening degree.
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, when the rotation speed of the compressor 11 is to be reduced. It is thereby possible to substantially reduce the pressure difference between the outdoor heat exchanger 13 side and the indoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to the two pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 to thus control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound.
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, as described above.
- the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is set to be less than that in the first control time, when the compressor 11 is stopped. Thereby, the pressure difference is eliminated at the time end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, and thus no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of the compressor 11 , leaving no possibility of malfunction of the compressor 11 .
- Similar effects are obtainable by switching (reversing) the operations of the pressure reducing devices 14 and 17 in the first control time and the second control time. That is, in the first control time, the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation. Further, in the second control time, the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 17 is set to be less than that in the first control time when the compressor 11 is stopped. Thereby, the pressure difference is eliminated at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, and thus no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of the compressor 11 , leaving no possibility of malfunction of the compressor 11 .
- the length of the second control time has been set to be equal to that of the first control time, when the first control time is set to be sufficiently long (45 seconds, for example), the drop of the pressure difference in the first control time further increases, enabling the second control time to be shorter than the first control time. Also in this case, the pressure difference can be reliably eliminated. Alternatively, the second control time may be set to be longer than the first control time. In this case, the pressure difference can be more reliably eliminated.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an air-conditioning apparatus.
- A conventional air-conditioning apparatus performs a defrosting operation every time the air-conditioning apparatus performs a heating operation for a predetermined time to melt frost adhering to an outdoor heat exchanger to control deterioration of heat exchange capacity (see
Patent Literature 1, for example). -
- Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent No. 5516695
- During the time from the completion of the defrosting operation to the resumption of the heating operation, the conventional air-conditioning apparatus sets the rotation speed of a compressor to be lower than that in the defrosting operation and sets the opening degree of a pressure reducing device to be less than that in the defrosting operation at the completion of the defrosting operation. Thus, pressure difference between an outdoor heat exchanger side and an indoor heat exchanger side of the pressure reducing device is hardly reduced. This relatively large pressure difference causes a relatively large amount of refrigerant to move in the pressure reducing device, resulting in a problem of the occurrence of refrigerant sound from the pressure reducing device at the completion of the defrosting operation.
- Further, after the above-described operation, the compressor is stopped, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device is further reduced. Thus, the above-described pressure difference is not eliminated even at the resumption of the heating operation, raising a problem that an excessive load is imposed on a shaft bearing of the compressor at the start of the compressor, creating a possibility of malfunction of the compressor.
- The present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and aims to provide an air-conditioning apparatus in which the occurrence of the refrigerant sound at the completion of the defrosting operation is controlled and the malfunction of the compressor possibly occurring at the resumption of the heating operation is controlled.
- An air-conditioning apparatus according to the present invention includes a refrigerant circuit connecting a compressor, a refrigerant circuit switching device, an outdoor heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device, and an indoor heat exchanger, and performing a refrigeration cycle in which refrigerant circulates, and a control unit configured to control the refrigerant circuit switching device to cause refrigerant to flow from the compressor into the indoor heat exchanger in a heating operation, and cause refrigerant to flow from the compressor into the outdoor heat exchanger in a defrosting operation of defrosting the outdoor heat exchanger. The control unit is configured to set a rotation speed of the compressor to be lower than that in the defrosting operation and set an opening degree of the pressure reducing device to be equal to or greater than that in the defrosting operation during a first control time after completion of the defrosting operation, stop the compressor and set the opening degree of the pressure reducing device to be less than that in the first control time during a second control time after lapse of the first control time, and control the refrigerant circuit switching device to resume the heating operation after lapse of the second control time.
- According to the present invention, during the first control time after the completion of the defrosting operation, the rotation speed of the compressor is set to be lower than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device is set to be equal to or greater than that in the defrosting operation. Further, during the second control time after the lapse of the first control time, the compressor is stopped, and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device is set to be less than that in the first control time.
- This operation in the first control time can substantially reduce the pressure difference between the outdoor heat exchanger side and the indoor heat exchanger side of the pressure reducing device, as compared with the conventional art. It is therefore possible to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound from the pressure reducing device at the completion of the defrosting operation. Further, since it is possible to substantially reduce the above-described pressure difference during the first control time, it is possible to reliably eliminate the pressure difference at the resumption of the heating operation, thus controlling the malfunction of the compressor at the resumption of the heating operation.
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FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of a compressor and the opening degree of a pressure reducing device after a defrosting operation inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a change in a pressure difference between an outdoor heat exchanger side and an indoor heat exchanger side inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, as compared with that in a conventional art. -
FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus inEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of the compressor and the opening degrees of pressure reducing devices after the defrosting operation inEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. -
Embodiment 1 andEmbodiment 2 of an air-conditioning apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with the drawings. -
FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. The air-conditioning apparatus in Embodiment 1 is formed of anoutdoor unit 10, anindoor unit 20, andextension pipes outdoor unit 10 and theindoor unit 20 to each other. Theoutdoor unit 10 includes acompressor 11, a refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, anoutdoor heat exchanger 13, apressure reducing device 14, anoutdoor fan 15, and other devices. Theindoor unit 20 includes anindoor heat exchanger 21, anindoor fan 22, and other devices. - Further, a refrigerant circuit is formed that sequentially and circularly connects the
compressor 11, the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, theoutdoor heat exchanger 13, thepressure reducing device 14, and theindoor heat exchanger 21, and is filled with refrigerant R32. Thecompressor 11 in this refrigerant circuit has a discharge side connected to a first connection end (1) of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 and a suction side connected to a second connection end (2) of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12. Further, between a third connection end (3) and a fourth connection end (4) of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, theoutdoor heat exchanger 13, thepressure reducing device 14, and theindoor heat exchanger 21 are connected from the side of the third connection end (3). - A scroll or rotary, fully hermetic compressor, for example, is employed as the
compressor 11. An electric motor of thecompressor 11 is connected to a commercial power supply via an inverter. When the output frequency of the inverter is changed, the rotation speed of the electric motor changes, and the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 changes accordingly. - The refrigerant
circuit switching device 12 switches the circulation direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit to switch the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus (one of a cooling operation, a heating operation, and a defrosting operation). In the cooling operation or the defrosting operation, this refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 is brought into a first switching state in which the first connection end (1) communicates with the third connection end (3), and the second connection end (2) and the fourth connection end (4) communicate with each other. Further, in the heating operation, the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 is brought into a second switching state in which the first connection end (1) and the fourth connection end (4) communicate with each other, and the second connection end (2) communicates with the third connection end (3). - Cross-fin heat exchangers, for example, are employed as the
outdoor heat exchanger 13 and theindoor heat exchanger 21. Theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 exchanges heat of the refrigerant with outdoor air, and theindoor heat exchanger 21 exchanges heat of the refrigerant with indoor air. Thepressure reducing device 14 is an electronic expansion valve, for example, and is configured to be changed in opening degree by a pulse motor. Acontroller 40 mounted in theoutdoor unit 10 controls the operations of devices of the refrigerant circuit, such as the rotation speed of thecompressor 11, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14, and the switching of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12. Thecontroller 40 is not limited to be mounted in theoutdoor unit 10, and may be mounted in theindoor unit 20, or may be mounted in both theoutdoor unit 10 and theindoor unit 20 to allow communication with each other. - Further, during a first control time (30 seconds, for example) after the completion of the defrosting operation, this
controller 40 sets the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 to be lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14, when the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is fully open. Further, when the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is not fully open, thecontroller 40 increases the opening degree of the pressure reducing device 14 (to fully open, for example). Then, during a second control time (30 seconds, for example) equal in length to the first control time, for example, after the lapse of the first control time, thecontroller 40 stops thecompressor 11, and sets the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time. After the lapse of the second control time, thecontroller 40 switches the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 to the second switching state to resume the heating operation. - A description will be given here of an operation of the air-conditioning apparatus configured as described above.
- In the cooling operation, the
controller 40 brings the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 into the first switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 reaches a target value. Thecontroller 40 further performs the operations of theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22. - When the
compressor 11 is driven by thecontroller 40 in this state, high-temperature gas refrigerant is discharged from thecompressor 11. This gas refrigerant flows into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, turns into liquid refrigerant through heat exchange with outdoor air, and flows out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. The liquid refrigerant then turns into two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant through pressure reduction performed in thepressure reducing device 14, and thereafter flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21. The two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant flowing into theindoor heat exchanger 21 evaporates through heat exchange with indoor air. In this process, the indoor air suctioned by theindoor fan 22 is cooled. Gas refrigerant evaporated in theindoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into thecompressor 11 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12. This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by thecompressor 11, and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated. - In the heating operation, the
controller 40 brings the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 into the second switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of theindoor heat exchanger 21 reaches a target value. Thecontroller 40 further performs the operations of theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22. - When the
compressor 11 is driven by thecontroller 40 in this state, high-temperature gas refrigerant is discharged from thecompressor 11. This gas refrigerant flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and turns into liquid refrigerant through heat exchange with indoor air. In this process, the indoor air suctioned by theindoor fan 22 is heated. The liquid refrigerant turns into two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant through pressure reduction performed in thepressure reducing device 14, and thereafter flows into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. The two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant flowing into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 turns into gas refrigerant though heat exchange with outdoor air, and flows out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. The gas refrigerant flowing out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 is then suctioned into thecompressor 11 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12. This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by thecompressor 11, and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated. - The
controller 40 switches the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 from the second switching state to the first switching state during the heating operation, and controls thepressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation so that the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 reaches a preset opening degree for the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). Further, thecontroller 40 stops the operations of theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22. - When the
compressor 11 is driven by thecontroller 40 in this state, high-temperature gas refrigerant is discharged from thecompressor 11. Similarly as in the cooling operation, this gas refrigerant flows into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and turns into liquid refrigerant through heat exchange with frost adhering to theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. In this process, the frost is heated and melted by the high-temperature gas refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant then turns into two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant through pressure reduction performed in thepressure reducing device 14, and thereafter flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21. The refrigerant flowing into theindoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into thecompressor 11 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12. This suctioned refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by thecompressor 11, and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated. This defrosting operation continues to be performed until a predetermined condition for the completion of defrosting is satisfied. For example, a defrosting operation time corresponding to the outdoor air temperature is previously set in thecontroller 40 as the condition for the completion of defrosting. Then, when thecontroller 40 starts the defrosting operation, thecontroller 40 selects the defrosting operation time based on the temperature detected by a temperature detection unit (not illustrated) installed in the outdoor unit 10 (outdoor air temperature), and performs the defrosting operation until the defrosting operation time elapses. Alternatively, a temperature condition of the outdoor heat exchanger 13 (plus 3 degrees Celsius, at which frost is reliably melted, for example) is previously set in thecontroller 40 as the condition for the completion of defrosting. Then, after the start of the defrosting operation, thecontroller 40 performs the defrosting operation until the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit (not illustrated) installed in theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 in the outdoor unit 10 (outdoor heat exchanger temperature) reaches the above-described preset temperature condition (plus 3 degrees Celsius in this case). - An operation performed during the time from the completion of the defrosting operation to the resumption of the heating operation will be described below with
FIG. 2 andFIG. 3 .FIG. 2 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of the compressor and the opening degree of the pressure reducing device after the defrosting operation inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention.FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a change in a pressure difference between an outdoor heat exchanger side and an indoor heat exchanger side inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, as compared with that in a conventional art.FIG. 2 andFIG. 3 illustrate examples, which are not exhaustive. - During the first control time after the completion of the defrosting operation, the
controller 40 drives thecompressor 11 with the rotation speed lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 to be equal to that in the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). Thecontroller 40 further maintains the first switching state of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and keeps theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22 stopped. - Although the opening degree of the
pressure reducing device 14 in the first control time is described to be maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is increased (to fully open, for example) when the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is not fully open. - In the refrigerant circuit in this process, the refrigerant circulates in the same direction as that in the defrosting operation. The refrigeration cycle is performed also in this case in which the
outdoor heat exchanger 13 acts as a condenser and theindoor heat exchanger 21 acts as an evaporator. Further, the pressure difference between theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 side and theindoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to thepressure reducing device 14 is substantially reduced as compared with that in the defrosting operation, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , because the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is maintained at that in the defrosting operation or set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation while the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 is reduced. - Meanwhile, according to the aforementioned conventional art, the
compressor 11 is driven with the rotation speed lower than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is set to be less than that in the defrosting operation. The above-described pressure difference is thus smaller than that in the defrosting operation, but is not smaller than that inEmbodiment 1 described above due to the reduction in the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14, and a relatively large pressure difference is maintained. The conventional art therefore is unable to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound accompanying the movement of the refrigerant due to the pressure difference. - During the second control time after the lapse of the first control time, the
controller 40 stops thecompressor 11, and sets the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time (a minimum opening degree, for example). Further, thecontroller 40 maintains the first switching state of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and keeps theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22 stopped. - The
compressor 11 in the refrigerant circuit is stopped in this process, and thus the refrigeration cycle is not performed and the refrigerant does not circulate from theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 side to theindoor heat exchanger 21 side via thepressure reducing device 14. A part of the refrigerant in theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21 through thepressure reducing device 14 to eliminate the pressure difference between theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 side and theindoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to thepressure reducing device 14. In this case, the above-described pressure difference is smaller than that in the conventional art, as illustrated inFIG. 3 , and the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is further reduced. Therefore, the flow of the liquid refrigerant from theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 to theindoor heat exchanger 21 is reduced to a minimum amount, and the above-described pressure difference is reliably eliminated (the pressure difference is zero) at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation. - Although the length of the second control time has been set to be equal to that of the first control time, when the first control time is set to be sufficiently long (45 seconds, for example), the drop of the pressure difference in the first control time further increases, enabling the second control time to be shorter than the first control time. Also in this case, the pressure difference can be reliably eliminated. Alternatively, the second control time may be set to be longer than the first control time. In this case, the pressure difference can be more reliably eliminated.
- After the lapse of the second control time, the
controller 40 switches the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 from the first switching state to the second switching state to resume the heating operation. When thecontroller 40 resumes the heating operation, thecontroller 40 starts and controls thecompressor 11 to increase the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 in steps, and controls thepressure reducing device 14 to increase the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 in steps to a predetermined opening degree. Since the above-described pressure difference has been eliminated at the start of thiscompressor 11, no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of thecompressor 11, leaving no possibility of malfunction of thecompressor 11. - As described above, according to
Embodiment 1, in the first control time during the time from the completion of the defrosting operation to the resumption of the heating operation, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation, or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, when the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 is to be reduced. It is thereby possible to substantially reduce the pressure difference to thus control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound. - Further, in the first control time, the opening degree of the
pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation, or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, as described above. Further, in the second control time, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is set to be less than that in the first control time when thecompressor 1 is stopped. Thereby, the pressure difference is eliminated at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, and thus no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of thecompressor 11, leaving no possibility of malfunction of thecompressor 11. - As described above, the present invention is useful for an air-conditioning apparatus that performs a heating operation of heating the interior of a room and a defrosting operation of defrosting the
outdoor heat exchanger 13. - Although the rotation speed of the
compressor 11 and the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 are controlled inEmbodiment 1 to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound and the malfunction of the compressor, the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 and the opening degrees of two pressure reducing devices are controlled inEmbodiment 2 to control the occurrence of the refrigerant sound and the malfunction of the compressor. -
FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus inEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. Parts same as those inEmbodiment 1 are assigned with the same reference signs. Further, description of the parts same as those inEmbodiment 1 will be omitted. - As illustrated in
FIG. 4 , the air-conditioning apparatus inEmbodiment 2 includes theoutdoor unit 10 having acontainer 16 and a pressure reducing device 17 (a second pressure reducing device) added between the pressure reducing device 14 (a first pressure reducing device) and theindoor heat exchanger 21. In the refrigerant circuit of this air-conditioning apparatus, the discharge side of thecompressor 11 is connected to the first connection end (1) of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and the suction side of thecompressor 11 is connected to the second connection end (2) of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 via a fifth connection end (5) to a sixth connection end (6) of thecontainer 16. Further, between the third connection end (3) and the fourth connection end (4) of the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, theoutdoor heat exchanger 13, thepressure reducing device 14, thecontainer 16, thepressure reducing device 17, and theindoor heat exchanger 21 are sequentially connected from the side of the third connection end (3). - The
pressure reducing device 17 is an electronic expansion valve similarly to thepressure reducing device 14, and is configured to be changed in opening degree by a pulse motor. Acontroller 40 a controls the operations of devices of the refrigerant circuit, such as the rotation speed of thecompressor 11, the opening degrees of thepressure reducing devices circuit switching device 12. - Further, during the first control time (30 seconds, for example) after the completion of the defrosting operation, the
controller 40 a sets the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 to be lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14, when the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 in the defrosting operation is fully open. Further, when the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 in the defrosting operation is fully open, thecontroller 40 a maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17. - When the opening degrees of the
pressure reducing devices pressure reducing device 14 is increased (to fully open, for example). - During the second control time (30 seconds, for example) equal in length to the first control time, for example, after the lapse of the first control time, the
controller 40 a stops thecompressor 11, sets the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time, and maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17. After the lapse of the second control time, thecontroller 40 a switches the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 to the second switching state to resume the heating operation. - A description will be given here of an operation of the air-conditioning apparatus in
Embodiment 2. This air-conditioning apparatus performs the cooling operation, the heating operation, and the defrosting operation of defrosting theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 similarly as inEmbodiment 1. - In the cooling operation, the
controller 40 a brings the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 into the first switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 reaches a target value. Thecontroller 40 a further adjusts the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 so that a discharge temperature of thecompressor 11 reaches a target value. Furthermore, thecontroller 40 a performs the operations of theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22. - When the
compressor 11 is driven by thecontroller 40 a in this state, high-temperature gas refrigerant is discharged from thecompressor 11. This gas refrigerant flows into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, turns into liquid refrigerant through heat exchange with outdoor air, and flows out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. The liquid refrigerant then turns into two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant through pressure reduction sequentially performed in thepressure reducing device 14 and thepressure reducing device 17, and thereafter flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21. The two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant flowing into theindoor heat exchanger 21 evaporates through heat exchange with indoor air. In this process, the indoor air suctioned by theindoor fan 22 is cooled. Gas refrigerant evaporated in theindoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into thecompressor 11 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 and thecontainer 16. This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by thecompressor 11, and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated. - In the heating operation, the
controller 40 a brings the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 into the second switching state, and adjusts the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 so that the degree of subcooling of the refrigerant flowing out of theindoor heat exchanger 21 reaches a target value. Thecontroller 40 a further adjusts the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 so that the discharge temperature of thecompressor 11 reaches a target value. Furthermore, thecontroller 40 a performs the operations of theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22. - When the
compressor 11 is driven by thecontroller 40 a in this state, high-temperature gas refrigerant is discharged from thecompressor 11. This gas refrigerant flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and turns into liquid refrigerant through heat exchange with indoor air. In this process, the indoor air suctioned by theindoor fan 22 is heated. The liquid refrigerant turns into two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant through pressure reduction sequentially performed in thepressure reducing device 17 and thepressure reducing device 14, and thereafter flows into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. The two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant flowing into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 turns into gas refrigerant through heat exchange with outdoor air, and flows out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. The gas refrigerant flowing out of theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 is then suctioned into thecompressor 11 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 and thecontainer 16. This suctioned gas refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by thecompressor 11, and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated. - The
controller 40 a switches the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 from the second switching state to the first switching state during the heating operation, and controls thepressure reducing device 14 and thepressure reducing device 17 in the defrosting operation so that the opening degrees of thepressure reducing device 14 and thepressure reducing device 17 reach a preset opening degree for the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). Further, thecontroller 40 stops the operations of theoutdoor fan 15 and theindoor fan 22. - When the
compressor 11 is driven by thecontroller 40 a in this state, high-temperature gas refrigerant is discharged from thecompressor 11. Similarly as in the cooling operation, this gas refrigerant flows into theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12, and turns into liquid refrigerant through heat exchange with frost adhering to theoutdoor heat exchanger 13. In this process, the frost is heated and melted by the high-temperature gas refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant then turns into two-phase gas-liquid refrigerant through pressure reduction sequentially performed in thepressure reducing device 14 and thepressure reducing device 17, and thereafter flows into theindoor heat exchanger 21. The refrigerant flowing into theindoor heat exchanger 21 is suctioned into thecompressor 11 via the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 and thecontainer 16. This suctioned refrigerant is compressed and discharged again by thecompressor 11, and the refrigerant is repeatedly circulated. This defrosting operation continues to be performed until a predetermined condition for the completion of defrosting is satisfied, similarly as inEmbodiment 1. - An operation performed during the time from the completion of the defrosting operation to the resumption of the heating operation will be described below with
FIG. 3 andFIG. 5 .FIG. 5 is a time chart illustrating the rotation speed of the compressor and the opening degrees of the pressure reducing devices after the defrosting operation inEmbodiment 2 of the present invention.FIG. 5 illustrates an example, which is not exhaustive. - During the first control time after the completion of the defrosting operation, the
controller 40 a drives thecompressor 11 with the rotation speed lower than that in the defrosting operation, and maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 to be equal to that in the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). Thecontroller 40 a further maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 to be equal to that in the defrosting operation (fully open, for example). In this process, the pressure difference between theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 side and theindoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to the twopressure reducing devices FIG. 3 ). - Then, during the second control time after the lapse of the first control time, the
controller 40 a stops the operation of thecompressor 11 and sets the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 to be less than that in the first control time. Thecontroller 40 a further maintains the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 to be equal to that in the first control time (fully open in this case). Thereby, the above-described pressure difference is further reduced and reliably eliminated at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, as illustrated inFIG. 3 . - Although the opening degrees of the
pressure reducing devices pressure reducing devices pressure reducing devices - After the lapse of the second control time, the
controller 40 a switches the refrigerantcircuit switching device 12 from the first switching state to the second switching state to resume the heating operation. When thecontroller 40 a resumes the heating operation, thecontroller 40 a starts and controls thecompressor 11 to increase the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 in steps, and controls thepressure reducing device 14 to increase the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 in steps to a predetermined opening degree. Thecontroller 40 a further controls thepressure reducing device 17 for a reduction from fully-open degree to a predetermined opening degree. - As described above, according to
Embodiment 2, in the first control time during the time from the completion of the defrosting operation to the resumption of the heating operation, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, when the rotation speed of thecompressor 11 is to be reduced. It is thereby possible to substantially reduce the pressure difference between theoutdoor heat exchanger 13 side and theindoor heat exchanger 21 side connected to the twopressure reducing devices - Further, in the first control time, the opening degree of the
pressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, as described above. Further, in the second control time, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is set to be less than that in the first control time, when thecompressor 11 is stopped. Thereby, the pressure difference is eliminated at the time end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, and thus no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of thecompressor 11, leaving no possibility of malfunction of thecompressor 11. - Similar effects are obtainable by switching (reversing) the operations of the
pressure reducing devices pressure reducing device 17 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation, and the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 14 is maintained to be equal to that in the defrosting operation or is set to be greater than that in the defrosting operation. Further, in the second control time, the opening degree of thepressure reducing device 17 is set to be less than that in the first control time when thecompressor 11 is stopped. Thereby, the pressure difference is eliminated at the end of the second control time, that is, at the resumption of the heating operation, and thus no excessive load is imposed on the shaft bearing of thecompressor 11, leaving no possibility of malfunction of thecompressor 11. - Further, although the length of the second control time has been set to be equal to that of the first control time, when the first control time is set to be sufficiently long (45 seconds, for example), the drop of the pressure difference in the first control time further increases, enabling the second control time to be shorter than the first control time. Also in this case, the pressure difference can be reliably eliminated. Alternatively, the second control time may be set to be longer than the first control time. In this case, the pressure difference can be more reliably eliminated.
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outdoor unit 11compressor 12 refrigerantcircuit switching device 13outdoor heat exchanger 14 pressure reducing device (first pressure reducing device) 15outdoor fan 16container 17 pressure reducing device (second pressure reducing device) 20indoor unit 21indoor heat exchanger 22indoor fan b extension pipe
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Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/JP2015/051838 WO2016117113A1 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Air conditioner |
Publications (2)
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US20170336115A1 true US20170336115A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
US10753658B2 US10753658B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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US15/523,013 Active US10753658B2 (en) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Air-conditioning apparatus |
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US (1) | US10753658B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3088811B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6084297B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN107110551B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016117113A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170198955A1 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-07-13 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Refrigeration apparatus |
Families Citing this family (5)
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EP3702696A4 (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-11-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle device |
JP6620800B2 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-12-18 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Air conditioner |
CN110513904B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-11-19 | 海信(广东)空调有限公司 | Control method and device for eliminating defrosting noise of air conditioner and air conditioner |
JP6835185B1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-02-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat source unit and refrigeration equipment |
CN111412700A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-14 | 青岛海尔空调电子有限公司 | Defrosting control method for air conditioning unit |
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- 2015-01-23 WO PCT/JP2015/051838 patent/WO2016117113A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-01-23 EP EP15874420.1A patent/EP3088811B1/en active Active
- 2015-01-23 JP JP2015535930A patent/JP6084297B2/en active Active
- 2015-01-23 US US15/523,013 patent/US10753658B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3088811B1 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
JPWO2016117113A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
WO2016117113A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
EP3088811A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
EP3088811A4 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
JP6084297B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
CN107110551B (en) | 2019-08-16 |
US10753658B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
CN107110551A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
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