US20170291334A1 - Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms - Google Patents
Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170291334A1 US20170291334A1 US15/513,075 US201515513075A US2017291334A1 US 20170291334 A1 US20170291334 A1 US 20170291334A1 US 201515513075 A US201515513075 A US 201515513075A US 2017291334 A1 US2017291334 A1 US 2017291334A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- neck
- embossing
- cooling
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/06—Making preforms by moulding the material
- B29B11/08—Injection moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0053—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor combined with a final operation, e.g. shaping
- B29C45/0055—Shaping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/1773—Means for adjusting or displacing the injection unit into different positions, e.g. for co-operating with different moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/2628—Moulds with mould parts forming holes in or through the moulded article, e.g. for bearing cages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/263—Moulds with mould wall parts provided with fine grooves or impressions, e.g. for record discs
- B29C45/2632—Stampers; Mountings thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/40—Removing or ejecting moulded articles
- B29C45/4005—Ejector constructions; Ejector operating mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
- B29C45/7207—Heating or cooling of the moulded articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/071—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration, e.g. geometry, dimensions or physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
- B29C45/7207—Heating or cooling of the moulded articles
- B29C2045/7214—Preform carriers for cooling preforms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C2049/023—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison using inherent heat of the preform, i.e. 1 step blow moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/072—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness
- B29C2949/0723—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having variable wall thickness at flange portion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/074—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having ribs or protrusions
- B29C2949/0745—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration having ribs or protrusions at flange portion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
- B29C2949/22—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at neck portion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
- B29C2949/24—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at flange portion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
- B29C2949/26—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at body portion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/20—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer
- B29C2949/28—Preforms or parisons whereby a specific part is made of only one component, e.g. only one layer at bottom portion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0081—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor of objects with parts connected by a thin section, e.g. hinge, tear line
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4242—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4242—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
- B29C49/42421—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4242—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
- B29C49/42421—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould
- B29C49/42422—Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould by the preform transporting means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6436—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential
- B29C49/6445—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential through the preform length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6463—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms
- B29C49/6465—Cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6463—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms
- B29C49/6466—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms on the inside
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6463—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms
- B29C49/6467—Thermal conditioning of preforms by contact heating or cooling, e.g. mandrels or cores specially adapted for heating or cooling preforms on the outside
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/76—Neck calibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7158—Bottles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A method and device for producing an optimized neck contour on preforms below the neck which is optimal for subsequent stretch blow molding. The geometry has a significantly thinner wall thickness than the neck itself. The preform can only be produced in the injection molding tool, when axial channels are used on the point or the vanes produce the thin points on the preform during injection molding. The thin-walled geometry on the preform can be produced outside of the mold during post-cooling by embossing. The preform is there removed in a cooled receiving sleeve and is cooled in the body by intensive contact cooling while no cooling contact is made with the preform neck due to the initial position of the embossing element. Due to the reheating of the neck they can be mechanically deformed into a new geometry advantageous for blow molding and thus wall thickness can be influenced.
Description
- Method and apparatus for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms.
- The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of preforms for forming an advantageous neck geometry for the subsequent blow-molding process.
- Preforms are injection-molded blanks which are made of at least one thermoplastic material and are used in blow-molding machines for producing stretch-blow-molded polymer-material containers.
- For the conventional production of preforms which is described according to this invention, raw plastic material is plasticized and then pressed under high pressure into a mold having one or more cavities.
- There are preforms according to
FIG. 1 which, in geometrical terms, comprise essentially a neck and stem region and a domed base and are hollow on the inside as a result of a core being used in the mold. The neck region is formed such that it can be configured for reclosure for example by means of a screw cap. The neck region must not undergo any further alteration above the transporting ring during the blow-molding process, since otherwise there is a risk of the closure system losing its complex capabilities, e.g. its sealing function. - The region beneath the transporting ring, the adjoining stem region and the domed base, in contrast, are inflated at elevated temperatures to form hollow bodies, as a result of which the plastic material is stretched and, in the process, solidifies to a considerable extent. It is therefore the case that the preform regions which are to be deformed are responsible in geometrical terms, along with the core geometry, for the bottle quality which is subsequently established.
- It should be noted that, for an optimum result, the temperature profile between the neck and the stem would have to make an abrupt temperature jump of approximately 50-80° C., although this is difficult to realize nowadays. In most cases, this means, that as a result of a gradual temperature transition, the material beneath the transporting ring cannot be optimally drawn off into the bottle body during the stretch-blow-molding process, and this results in unnecessary material consumption.
- It is usually the mold which constitutes the highest level of investment in a production system. It is therefore important for the mold to be operated efficiently. Consequently, the preform, of which the outer skin is in direct contact with the intensively cooled mold steel, and therefore solidifies quickly there, is demolded without sustaining damage or mechanical deformation, so that the mold is ready for the next production cycle without any time being wasted.
- In the case of the conventional quick production cycles, there is a considerable amount of residual heat remaining in the interior of the preform wall, and this leads to reheating, as a result of which the preform can soften again and crystallize, which can render it unusable.
- It is therefore imperative to continue with intensive cooling of the preform, following demolding, in relatively straightforward mold parts, so-called cooling sleeves, during a number of production cycles.
- The preform as is illustrated in
FIG. 1 corresponds to the current prior art, in the case of which it is inevitable for the wall thicknesses of the preform, particularly in the region of the domed base and of the stem, to be similar. If the material freezes prematurely as a result of thinner wall thicknesses in the injection region or in the neck region, it is not possible to avoid shrinkage in the cooling phase as a result of the melt being subjected to holding pressure, this having an effect on the entire preform including the neck region, and this all consequently results in undesired sink marks in critical regions of the preform, particularly in the neck region. - The preform geometry as is shown in
FIG. 2 , the advantages of which will be explained hereinbelow, therefore cannot be produced by the known injection-molding method—or only if appropriate measures are taken in order to maintain the necessary holding pressure—since, for this invention, it is desired to have a significantly thinner wall thickness in the region of the neck beneath the transporting ring than in the following threaded region, and it is therefore no longer possible to avoid sink marks as a result of said thin region freezing prematurely. - The central object of the present invention is that of describing a method and an apparatus which make it possible to produce preforms with significantly more advantageous contours beneath the transporting ring. The advantage resides in the fact that the infrared heaters of the downstream blow-molding machines can introduce heat energy more efficiently over this now enlarged surface area with the simultaneously reduced wall thickness, in order to bring the plastic material quickly to a temperature at which it can be stretched. Therefore, during the operation of heating the preform, more attention can be paid to the neck itself, which must not be heated—the temperature jump from the cold neck region to the hot preform body should be as abrupt as possible. It is thus possible, during the stretch-blow-molding operation, to draw out the material directly beneath the transporting ring in optimum fashion to the benefit of the bottle body, which allows the amount of raw materials used to be reduced.
- A total of three solutions are proposed here for the purpose of producing such preforms, said solutions being used either in the mold itself or subsequently, during the post-cooling operation.
- Therefore, as far as the first approach is concerned, it is possible for example in the region of the mold to shape the preform such that most of the neck-transition region is actually thin-walled—but at least two or more channels are created, and these channels do not freeze prematurely and therefore maintain the holding pressure in relation to the neck. These channels are manifested on the finished injection molding in the form of ribs, which have no adverse effect on the subsequent blow-molding operation—provided they are distributed as symmetrically as possible over the circumference.
- An alternative, second approach described here by the invention is that of implementing, within the mold, at least two slides, which, as far as possible at the end of the holding-pressure phase, realize the thin contour beneath the transporting ring when still in the injection mold. A favorably selected timing would even result in the displacement process assisting the holding pressure. This solution also produces ribs, as a result of the parting locations of the slides; the number of ribs is in direct proportion to the number of slides used. It is possible, however, for said ribs to be significantly thinner than the ribs which are necessary for the straightforward injection-molding solution above, since the freezing of the melt in the ribs is then no longer of any import.
- A third approach for rendering the preform according to this invention thin beneath the neck region can be realized during the post-cooling operation and is based on the fact that there is residual heat, which results in the preform softening again. In the case of this solution using the post-cooling operation, where the preforms removed from the mold basically soften again without cooling as such being continued any further, i.e. they adjust to a certain temperature level and are thus easier to deform again, the desired contour can be introduced by embossing. While, as described in the prior art, the preform stem and the preform dome are cooled in the cooling sleeve by contact cooling, the region between the preform stem and transporting ring then, as a result of the cooling-sleeve function being modified, is excluded from the cooling contact, as a result of which, at this location, a temperature of approximately 90-130° C. can be established as a result of reheating and said location is thus deformable again.
- In contrast to the prior art, in the case of which the preform is basically intensively cooled in order for a preform which is generally solidified as far as possible to be obtained, the basic idea of this part of the invention is that the modified function of the cooling sleeve, which rules out direct contact with the preform region beneath the transporting ring, precludes intensive cooling there and thus allows for reheating. Following a conditioning period of a few seconds, the preform region beneath the transporting ring is at a temperature level at which it is most easily deformable.
- For the purpose of deforming the preform region beneath the transporting ring, use is made of special embossing elements, which form the new contour in a specific and reproducible manner.
- The embossing elements, which are produced from solid material, for example from tool steel, are arranged such that they can apply high embossing forces as a result of straightforward axial movement. Embossing is understood to mean that the plastic material is deformed by pulling, pressing and pushing operations in the manner predefined precisely by the embossing elements. A further possible way of influencing the precision of the embossing operation in said preform region is that of actively temperature-controlling the embossing bodies.
- The embossing operation can be understood, in principle, to mean that the embossing elements press the soft plastic material onto a hard cylinder, which rules out any inner deformation of the preform. The plastic material therefore yields upward and downward, as a result of which the preform can lengthen to an insignificantly reproducible extent when the regions above and beneath the embossing location are freely movable in the axial direction. It is also the case that this method, in direct dependence on the number of embossing parts, has slight ribs, since said embossing parts have geometrical divisions in their contour which are replicated on the preform neck. The embossing method has basically no influence on the production-cycle time, since the time taken for injection molding in the mold is longer than the embossing operation itself.
- The invention will be explained in more detail hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a preform as is conventionally produced according to the prior art, -
FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a preform in which the region beneath the transporting ring has been configured using different methods following or during the injection-molding process in the mold, or in the post-cooling station, and the wall thickness there can thus be decreased more or less as desired, -
FIGS. 3-6 show schematic views of the post-cooling unit, in which the embossing elements have been integrated and from which it can be seen how the embossing forces can be applied, -
FIG. 7 shows the schematic illustration, as seen from the outside and from the side, of the flow paths on the wound-up preform neck, -
FIGS. 8a and 8b show the use of slide inserts for producing relatively thin wall thicknesses in the mold following or during the filling operation, and -
FIG. 9 shows a plan view of an example of a production arrangement for preforms. - The drawings are intended to assist the explanation hereinbelow of the operation for producing the preform neck.
-
FIG. 1 shows a preform produced according to the prior art. Said preform may have a transportingring 3 for further container-production steps—it may also be possible in the future, however, to dispense with said transportingring 3, since it is possible, if appropriate, to grip the region between the ribs of the preform. The wall thickness in the region beneath the transportingring 3 here has asimilar wall thickness 12 as the threadedregion 15. On account of the risk of the melt freezing, preforms according toFIG. 2 , which are optimized for the blow-molding process by having reducedwall thicknesses 9 beneath the transportingring 3, can be realized by injection molding only with limited success, since it is then no longer possible for the holding pressure, which counteracts the shrinkage of the preform during the cooling process, to act in the critical regions. - This invention discloses three solution-related approaches as to how the preform in
FIG. 2 can be produced. It should be mentioned here, however, that all three methods produce at least two ribs orchannels 14 on the circumference of the preform region described, but said ribs or channels have no adverse effect on the desired result. In order for it to be possible, however, for a preform like that shown inFIG. 2 to be produced by conventional injection molding, themold 17 is configured such that at least two, and even better three,channels 14 of sufficient width, as inFIG. 7 , are provided over thethin wall 9 beneath thepreform neck 15, said channels ensuring that the holding pressure in theneck region 15 is maintained. - In order to make the
channels 14 narrower, however, it is also possible for at least twosliding elements 13 to be integrated in themold 17, as illustrated inFIG. 8a andFIG. 8b , said sliding elements then being used at the optimum point in time of the injection-molding process. These elements press the still soft polymer material in the mold into regions which are less critical for the blow-molding process and, in doing so, possibly assist the holding-pressure phase. - It is also possible, however, for narrower channels to be achieved following the injection-molding process in that, following initial cooling and opening of the
mold 17, they are removed in a conventional manner by aremoval arm 18 and said modification is shifted to the subsequent post-cooling phase. Theremoval arm 18 here has a multiplicity ofcooling sleeves 8, in which the preform according toFIG. 1 is introduced as far as theneck region 15. - Both the injection-molding machines with
mold 17 and theremoval arm 18 are well known from the prior art. - Such a
cooling sleeve 8 is illustrated inFIGS. 3 to 6 . The initially produced preform according toFIG. 1 has a conventional shape with a relatively thick wall thickness in the region beneath the transportingring 3 and has its outer body region accommodated, with a virtually full, direct contact, in a water-cooledcooling sleeve 8. There is no need to give any more details relating to this present cooling operation, which uses liquids or gases, since numerous variants are known from the prior art. - The left-hand preforming position illustrated in
FIG. 3 shows that thecooling sleeve 8, in the upper region, has embossing elements 5, which are mounted onsprings 6 and are secured by screws. Thepreform 1 has its transportingring 3 resting on the embossing elements 5 and thus has not yet reached its axial end position in thecooling sleeve 8. If the preform does not have a transportingring 3, it is then possible, as an alternative, for thepreform 1 to be brought into this position by a movable, spring-mounted base support 11 on its domed base. In this position, the embossing elements 5 are not yet in shaping abutment against thepreform 1, as a result of which this region can reheat on account of contact cooling being absent. In order to intensify the preform cooling, the number ofcooling sleeves 8 may be a multiple of the number of cavities in themold 17. It is thus possible for the residence time of thepreform 1 orpreform 2 in the cooling phase to continue for a number of injection-molding cycles. - In order to prepare the
mold 17 as quickly as possible for the next injection-molding cycle, aremoval arm 18 removes the preforms from the mold region. Theremoval arm 18 here assumes such a position that the mouth openings of the last-produced number ofpreforms 1 are located opposite a transporting plate, on which are mounted supporting pins 4 and bell-shaped pressure-exerting members 7 in a number equal to the number of preforms, can be aligned axially. On account of the high level of force which is then required, it is possible for the sake of simplicity for the transporting plate to be mounted directly on the moving platen. However, it could also be an independently movable unit. - The supporting pin 4 is provided essentially so that, when the
removal gripper 18 is brought together with the transporting plate, thepreform 1 is centered and, during the following embossing operation by the embossing elements 5, deformation of the internal diameter of the preform is for the most part avoided. The embossing operation itself is initiated with the same action of theremoval gripper 18 being brought together with the transporting plate, during which the embossing elements 5 are subjected to the necessary force by way of the bell-shaped pressure-exerting element 7. The actual embossing forces are produced by the conical mounting of the embossing elements 5, which thus move by a geometrically predefined displacement amount in relation to the preform axis. - The angle and the length of the cone are selected in accordance with the amount of force required for embossing purposes.
- The force and the point in time for the actual embossing operation can be defined by a dedicated overall drive of the transporting plate. If the transporting plate, however, is connected directly to the moving platen of the injection-molding machine, it is necessary to use individual axial drives if the point in time for the embossing operation is to be delayed.
- During removal, the preforms according to
FIG. 1 are mounted in the inner contour of thecooling sleeve 8 such that, although they are indeed capable of executing a further defined-length axial displacement, which is necessary for the following embossing operation, they are prevented from so doing by the embossing elements 5, since the transportingrings 3 rest there. If the preforms do not have any transportingrings 3, then the preform is preferably retained in this defined position by a movable, resiliently mounted base supports 11. This defined residual axial displacement is executed for the embossing operation by the supporting pin 4, the bell-shaped pressure-exerting member 7, thepreform 1 and the embossing elements 5, counter to the restoringcompression spring 6. In the case of preforms without supportingrings 3, the base support 11 is additionally moved counter to thecompression spring 10. The embossing displacement is executed ideally when the heat balance is optimum for embossing as a result of the reheating at theembossing location 9. - The embossing elements 5 can be formed, and positioned, in more or less any desired manner in the shaping region. It is possible for the embossing elements 5 to be all the same size or different sizes. The number of embossing elements can also be selected as desired on an individual basis. An ideal scenario is that where there are three to six equal-size embossing elements 5, which can each leave behind
axial ribs 14 at the location where thepreform 2 is embossed. If theseribs 14 are distributed uniformly, which is achieved by equal-size embossing elements 5, the subsequent blow-molding process is not disadvantaged. - Once the embossing operation has been completed, the system can be relieved of loading, as a result of which the restoring compression spring moves the embossing elements 5, and thus the
preform 2, the bell-shaped pressure-exerting member 7 and the supporting pin 4, into the starting position again. It is, of course, possible for the restoringcompression spring 6 to be replaced by a pneumatic function, in which case thepreform 2 can be ejected at any desired later point in time via the embossing elements 5. This is critical, in particular, if the preform, for further post-cooling purposes, is to remain with contact cooling in thecooling sleeve 8. In the case of a preform which has no supportingring 3, it is always possible for the embossing elements 5 to be relieved of stressing, since the preform in this case is not moved axially.
Claims (22)
1-21. (canceled)
22. A method for producing preforms with an improved neck geometry beneath a threaded region or a transporting ring for a simplified subsequent blow-molding process, wherein the produced preform made of at least one thermoplastic material has a significantly thinner wall thickness in a neck region beneath the thread than in the thread itself, and the preform is provided in order to be formed into blow-molded containers, the method comprising: providing at least two channels having an increased wall thickness so that when the preform is blow molded the holding pressure is maintained, despite thin-walled regions, by the at least two channels with an increased wall thickness, or integrating at least two slides in the mold to produce the relatively thin wall thicknesses following an operation of filling the cavities and a certain process time period, or opening a mold once an outer skin of the preform has solidified following initial cooling for a shortest period of time possible; receiving the preforms from the open mold by a removal arm and cooling sleeves of the removal arm; cooling the preform stem, but not the neck region beneath the thread, by contact cooling with the cooling sleeves; and carrying out an embossing operation in which a plastically redeformable region is deformed mechanically by embossing elements, in accordance with repeatability necessary for further processing, by the plastic material being embossed by cooling, pressing and pushing operations, wherein a contour of the embossing elements is configured, in combination with a supporting pin, so that said contours are replicated in a reproducible manner on an open preform to the greatest extent following the deforming operation.
23. The method according to claim 21, including providing all of the preforms, as the preforms are being produced, with at least two ribs or channels in the thin-walled region beneath the neck.
24. The method according to claim 21., wherein the channels for an injection-molding solution arc configured so that, in order for a holding pressure to be maintained, the plastic material in said channels does not freeze any more quickly than the plastic material in the preform neck.
25. The method according to claim 21, wherein, with embossing by pushing, displacement of the plastic material is definable freely in terms of time and is used for holding pressure, and slides produce geometrically predefined ribs in a reproducible manner at parting locations.
26. The method according to claim 21., wherein the embossing operation displaces the plastic material axially into the cooling sleeves so that lengthening of the preform is possible.
27. The method according to claim 21, including establishing a temperature range between 90° and 150° at the preform in the region where the embossing takes place.
28. The method according to claim 21, wherein embossing elements of any desired number and size of a geometrically defined contour deform the plastic material of the neck by pulling, pressing and pushing the plastic mass until a volume between the two contours is filled with the plastic material so that the geometry and the wall thickness of the preform neck are defined in a repeatable manner.
29. The method according to claim 21, wherein the embossing operation is determinable freely in terms of time in each part of the process.
30. The method according to claim 21, including, in a multi-cavity application, individually setting an embossing force for each cavity, by mechanical or pneumatic springs for each preform, in order to ensure identical processes.
31. The method according to claim 21, wherein the embossing elements are temperature-controlled or cooled to influence the embossing operation,
32. The method according to claim 21, wherein the embossing elements preform the preform neck for specific bottle-shaped requirements, by pulling, pressing and pushing the plastic material.
33. The method according to claim 21, wherein the embossing operation is preceded by a waiting time of 1 to 20 seconds in order to stabilize heat balance in the preform neck.
34. An apparatus for production of a preform with a geometry beneath a neck that is optimized for a blow-molding process, wherein the preform has a considerably thinner wall thickness in a region beneath a thread than in the thread itself, the apparatus comprising: a mold with at least one mold cavity for definitive shaping of the preforms; an injection-molding apparatus that plasticizes raw plastic material to introduce the plastic material into the cavities with the closed mold under pressure, the mold having channels or slides that ensure that a required holding pressure is maintained in the neck despite the reduced wall thickness, or the mold is responsible for the preform geometries in a first shaping step; a removal arm, which is equipped with at least one cooled cooling sleeve, equal in number to the number of cavities, for removing the preforms, the cooling-sleeve having an inner geometry that provides the preform stem, but not the region of the preform neck, with contact cooling; and an embossing apparatus that has embossing elements mounted in a radially floating manner and use a cone to deflect an axial force perpendicularly to an axis and to intensify said force to an extent for an embossing operation that deforms the neck beneath the threaded part by pulling, pressing and pushing operations, said neck being defined by a cavity between the embossing elements and a supporting pin so as to describe the contour and wall thickness of the neck in a repeatable manner.
35. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the slide in the mold is also movable under closing pressure.
36. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the embossing elements are produced from rigid and thermally conductive material.
37. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the embossing elements are cooled or temperature-controlled.
38. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the cooling sleeves are liquid-cooled.
39. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the embossing elements are mounted resiliently with individually definable spring forces.
40. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the embossing elements are seated in a cone that serves as a uniform force-transmitting element.
41. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein each cooling sleeve with embossing unit has an individual axial drive with preselectable displacement length and forces.
42. The apparatus according to claim 34 , wherein the preforms do not have a supporting ring.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102014014144.6A DE102014014144A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-22 | Method and device for producing an optimized neck contour on preforms |
DE102014014144.6 | 2014-09-22 | ||
PCT/DE2015/000472 WO2016045654A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2015-09-21 | Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
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PCT/DE2015/000472 A-371-Of-International WO2016045654A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2015-09-21 | Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
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US16/448,369 Continuation US20190308349A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2019-06-21 | Method and apparatus for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
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US20170291334A1 true US20170291334A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
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US15/513,075 Abandoned US20170291334A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2015-09-21 | Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
US16/448,369 Abandoned US20190308349A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2019-06-21 | Method and apparatus for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
US16/903,043 Active 2036-04-14 US11325288B2 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2020-06-16 | Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
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US16/448,369 Abandoned US20190308349A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2019-06-21 | Method and apparatus for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
US16/903,043 Active 2036-04-14 US11325288B2 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2020-06-16 | Method and device for the production of an optimized neck contour on preforms |
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US (3) | US20170291334A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3197655B1 (en) |
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CN (1) | CN107000262B (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2961964C (en) |
DE (2) | DE102014014144A1 (en) |
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Cited By (2)
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US11135759B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2021-10-05 | Nissei Asb Machine Co., Ltd. | Blow molding apparatus and blow molding method |
WO2023250040A1 (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-28 | F&S Tool, Inc. | Post-mold processing of preforms |
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JPS5953860B2 (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1984-12-27 | 株式会社吉野工業所 | Method for forming biaxially stretched blow-molded bottle pieces |
JPS5836121U (en) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-09 | 株式会社吉野工業所 | Primary molded product for biaxially stretched blow molded bottle molding |
JPS58209533A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-06 | Lion Corp | Molding form for forming dropping vessel of biaxially oriented synthetic resin and method of forming dropping vessel |
US4649068A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1987-03-10 | Continental Pet Technologies, Inc. | Preform for use in blow molding a container subjected to hot filling and closed by a rotatable closure, and method of an apparatus for making the same |
US5688570A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-11-18 | Crown Cork & Seal Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for forming a multi-layer preform |
JP4065091B2 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2008-03-19 | 大成化工株式会社 | Method for producing delamination container, apparatus for producing parison for blow molding of delamination container, and method for forming holes only in outer layer of laminated injection molded body |
WO2001026881A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Taisei Kako Co., Ltd. | Method of producing laminated bottles having peelable inner layer |
ITPN20000006A1 (en) * | 2000-01-26 | 2001-07-26 | Sipa Spa | HORIZONTAL AXIS ROTATING TOWER SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT HANDLING |
US6737007B2 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-05-18 | Husky Injection Molding Systems, Ltd | Cooling tube with porous insert |
US6811845B2 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-11-02 | Continental Pet Technologies, Inc. | Container preform assembly and method of manufacture |
ITRM20030460A1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-08 | Sipa Societa Industrializzazione P Rogettazione A | DEVICE AND PROCESS OF INJECTION OF PLASTIC OBJECTS. |
FR2898294A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-09-14 | Eaux Minerales D Evian Saeme S | INJECTION / BLOWING DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING HOLLOW BODY AND METHOD |
NL2003132C2 (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-04 | Heineken Supply Chain Bv | Container, preform assembly and method and apparatus for forming containers. |
JP5631183B2 (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2014-11-26 | ザ コカ・コーラ カンパニーThe Coca‐Cola Company | preform |
JP5750002B2 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2015-07-15 | 麒麟麦酒株式会社 | Plastic bottle preform and plastic bottle |
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2014
- 2014-09-22 DE DE102014014144.6A patent/DE102014014144A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2015
- 2015-09-21 ES ES15812937T patent/ES2830389T3/en active Active
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11135759B2 (en) | 2017-09-08 | 2021-10-05 | Nissei Asb Machine Co., Ltd. | Blow molding apparatus and blow molding method |
WO2023250040A1 (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-28 | F&S Tool, Inc. | Post-mold processing of preforms |
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JP2017533132A (en) | 2017-11-09 |
DE102014014144A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
BR112017005298B1 (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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CN107000262A (en) | 2017-08-01 |
RU2017109523A (en) | 2018-10-24 |
CA2961964C (en) | 2023-08-22 |
WO2016045654A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
US20190308349A1 (en) | 2019-10-10 |
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KR20170077114A (en) | 2017-07-05 |
RU2721113C2 (en) | 2020-05-15 |
JP2020179679A (en) | 2020-11-05 |
EP3197655A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
CN107000262B (en) | 2022-07-19 |
ES2830389T3 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
RU2017109523A3 (en) | 2019-04-08 |
JP6975829B2 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
KR102394752B1 (en) | 2022-05-04 |
BR112017005298A2 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
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