US20170267564A1 - Method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage - Google Patents
Method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage Download PDFInfo
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- US20170267564A1 US20170267564A1 US15/390,526 US201615390526A US2017267564A1 US 20170267564 A1 US20170267564 A1 US 20170267564A1 US 201615390526 A US201615390526 A US 201615390526A US 2017267564 A1 US2017267564 A1 US 2017267564A1
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000008122 artificial sweetener Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000021311 artificial sweeteners Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine dioxide Inorganic materials O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009303 advanced oxidation process reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 235000010358 acesulfame potassium Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229960004998 acesulfame potassium Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000000619 acesulfame-K Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl FTLYMKDSHNWQKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940109275 cyclamate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940085605 saccharin sodium Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960005164 acesulfame Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YGCFIWIQZPHFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N acesulfame Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)O1 YGCFIWIQZPHFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004895 liquid chromatography mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002414 normal-phase solid-phase extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PALPTWOXTUVPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;n-cyclohexylsulfamate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 PALPTWOXTUVPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000206601 Carnobacterium mobile Species 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDIPTWFVPPPURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cyclamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 UDIPTWFVPPPURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000132 electrospray ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 thus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001946 ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
- C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/40—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
- C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes.
- Conventional wastewater treatment includes: active carbon absorption, coagulating sedimentation, chlorine disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection, and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes.
- active carbon absorption includes active carbon absorption, coagulating sedimentation, chlorine disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection, and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes.
- coagulating sedimentation includes coagulating sedimentation, chlorine disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection, and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes.
- a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes comprises:
- the photoreactor of 2) is made of organic glass outside; a quartz sleeve is vertically disposed in a center of the photoreactor; and an ultraviolet lamp is placed in the quartz sleeve for irradiation.
- a mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt is adopted in 2), and a radiation intensity of the ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of the quartz sleeve is 0.52 ⁇ W/cm 2 .
- concentrations of the NaOH solution and the perchloric acid solution each are 0.5 mol/L.
- the pH value of the supernatant is initially regulated to be 5.
- the ratio of a molar concentration of H 2 O 2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in the mixed solution is 20:1.
- the mixed solution is stirred under the ultraviolet light for 30 min.
- the ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes process is adopted in the method of the invention.
- hydroxyl radicals (.OH) having strong oxidizability are produced to decompose or mineralize multiple pollutants in the sewage, thus, artificial sweeteners are efficiently removed from the sewage, the sewage discharge satisfies the requirement.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of analysis of treatment results in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates influences of an original pH value on degradation effects of sweeteners in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates influences of a concentration of an oxidant on degradation effects of sweeteners in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates influences of an irradiation time on decomposition of four sweeteners in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- Nanjing Secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing was taken as an example.
- a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes was conducted as follows:
- Sewage was introduced to a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity to precipitate sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank.
- a supernatant was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank and added with a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be between 3 and 11.
- a concentration of the NaOH solution or the perchloric acid solution was 0.5 mol/L.
- a 30% w/w aqueous H 2 O 2 solution was added to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H 2 O 2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in a resulting mixed solution to be 10:1.
- the resulting mixed solution was transferred to a photoreactor for photoreaction, during which, the mixed solution was electromagnetically stirred and irradiated by an ultraviolet light in the photoreactor for 30 min at a working power of 22 Watt.
- the UV irradiation was realized by using an ultraviolet lamp, and an irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet was 0.52 ⁇ W/cm 2 at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of a quartz sleeve.
- a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO 2 solution was added to the mixed solution to terminate the photo reaction.
- Nanjing Secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing was taken as an example.
- a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes was conducted as follows:
- Sewage was introduced to a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity to precipitate sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank.
- a supernatant was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank and added with a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be 5.
- a concentration of the NaOH solution or the perchloric acid solution was 0.5 mol/L.
- a 30% w/w aqueous H 2 O 2 solution was added to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H 2 O 2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in a resulting mixed solution to be between 1:1 and 30:1, in the meanwhile, active carbon fibers according to an addition of 150 mg/L were added.
- a resulting mixture was transferred to a photoreactor for photoreaction, during which, the mixed solution was electromagnetically stirred and irradiated by an ultraviolet light in the photoreactor for 30 min at a working power of 22 Watt.
- the UV irradiation was realized by using an ultraviolet lamp, and an irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet was 0.52 ⁇ W/cm 2 at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of a quartz sleeve.
- a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO 2 solution was added to the mixture to terminate the photo reaction.
- Nanjing Secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing was taken as an example.
- a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes was conducted as follows:
- Sewage was introduced to a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity to precipitate sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank.
- a supernatant was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank and added with a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be 5.
- a concentration of the NaOH solution or the perchloric acid solution was 0.5 mol/L.
- a 30% w/w aqueous H 2 O 2 solution was added to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H 2 O 2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in a resulting mixed solution to be 10:1.
- the resulting mixed solution was transferred to a photoreactor for photoreaction, during which, the mixed solution was electromagnetically stirred and irradiated by an ultraviolet light in the photoreactor for 30 min at a working power of 22 Watt or 300 Watt.
- the UV irradiation was realized by using an ultraviolet lamp, and an irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet was 0.52 ⁇ W/cm 2 at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of a quartz sleeve.
- a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO 2 solution was added to the mixed solution to terminate the photo reaction.
- a weak anion exchange column CNW Poly-Sery PWAX 60 mg, 3 mL provided by ANPEL scientific instrument (Shanghai) Co., Ltd was selected as a solid phase extraction column. Specific steps were as follows:
- the sweeteners were eluted by 6 mL of a methanol solution comprising 1 mM of TRIS, a resulting solution comprising the sweeteners and methanol was then blown with nitrogen gas to a constant volume of 1 mL, and stored in the 4° C. refrigerator for subsequent detection by machine.
- Concentration unit of the artificial sweeteners were ⁇ g/L.
- the removal rate of the sweeteners (1 ⁇ C t /C 0 ) ⁇ 100%, in which C 0 is an original concentration, C t is a concentration of a sweetener at a photoreaction time t.
- FIG. 2 indicates the influence of the original pH value on the removal rate of the target pollutants, from which, it is known that in conditions of a ratio of a molar concentration of H 2 O 2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener of being 10:1 and 30 min of irradiation by the mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt, the removal rates of the sweeteners using the advanced oxidation processes process in the groups having the original pH value of the solution of between 3 and 5 were better than the groups having the original pH value of the solution of greater than or equal to 7.
- Two common ultraviolet light sources in the ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes process were selected, which were respectively mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt and mercury lamp having a working power of 300 Watt. Removal rates of the target pollutants in condition of the pH value of 5, an addition of the oxidant satisfying a ratio of a molar concentration of H 2 O 2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener of being 10:1, and a photoreaction time of 30 min were illustrated in Table 3. When the mercury lamp having the working power of 22 Watt was adopted, the degradation effects on the four sweeteners were better.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the influences of irradiation time of the ultraviolet light on the removal rate of the target pollutants, from which, it is known that decomposition reactions of the four sweeteners all follow first order reaction kinetics, and reaction rate constant k is between 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 and 8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 s ⁇ 1 .
- Reaction rate of acesulfame potassium is the fastest due that acesulfame potassium is able to be decomposed by absorbing photons under the irradiation of the UV light while the other three sweeteners are not.
- Sucralose is a strongly persistent organic substance. When using UV/H 2 O 2 process to decompose the artificial sweeteners, the reaction rate of sucralose is the lowest.
- the method of the invention is effective to degrade the artificial sweeteners from the sewage.
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Abstract
Description
- Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119 and the Paris Convention Treaty, this application claims the benefit of Chinese Patent Application No. 201610156280.4 filed Mar. 21, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Inquiries from the public to applicants or assignees concerning this document or the related applications should be directed to: Matthias Scholl P.C., Attn.: Dr. Matthias Scholl Esq., 245 First Street, 18th Floor, Cambridge, Mass. 02142.
- Field of the Invention
- The invention relates to a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes.
- Description of the Related Art
- Conventional wastewater treatment includes: active carbon absorption, coagulating sedimentation, chlorine disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection, and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes. However, all these processes consume a relatively large amount of materials and are inefficient in degrading artificial sweeteners.
- In view of the above-described problems, it is one objective of the invention to provide a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes that is efficient in degrading acesulfame potassium, sucralose, cyclamate, and saccharin sodium.
- To achieve the above objective, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes. The method comprises:
-
- 1) allowing sewage to flow in a secondary sedimentation tank by gravity, and precipitating sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank;
- 2) collecting a supernatant from the secondary sedimentation tank, adding a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be between 3 and 11; adding a 30% w/w aqueous H2O2 solution to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener to be between 1:1 and 30:1; transferring the resulting mixed solution to a photoreactor, irradiating the mixed solution by ultraviolet light having a working power of 22 or 300 Watt, and stirring the mixed solution for between 5 and 30 min; and adding a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO2 solution to the mixed solution to terminate the reaction; and
- 3) collecting and analyzing an effluent obtained from 2), introducing the effluent to a disinfecting tank and disinfecting the effluent with ClO2, and discharging an effluent from the disinfecting tank to an urban sewage system.
- In a class of this embodiment, the photoreactor of 2) is made of organic glass outside; a quartz sleeve is vertically disposed in a center of the photoreactor; and an ultraviolet lamp is placed in the quartz sleeve for irradiation.
- In a class of this embodiment, a mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt is adopted in 2), and a radiation intensity of the ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of the quartz sleeve is 0.52 μW/cm2.
- In a class of this embodiment, in 2), concentrations of the NaOH solution and the perchloric acid solution each are 0.5 mol/L.
- In a class of this embodiment, in 2), the pH value of the supernatant is initially regulated to be 5.
- In a class of this embodiment, in 2), the ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in the mixed solution is 20:1.
- In a class of this embodiment, in 2), the mixed solution is stirred under the ultraviolet light for 30 min.
- Advantages of the method for degrading the artificial sweeteners from sewage by the advanced oxidation processes according to embodiments of the invention are summarized as follows: the ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes process is adopted in the method of the invention. By catalytic decomposing some oxidants, hydroxyl radicals (.OH) having strong oxidizability are produced to decompose or mineralize multiple pollutants in the sewage, thus, artificial sweeteners are efficiently removed from the sewage, the sewage discharge satisfies the requirement.
- The invention is described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of analysis of treatment results in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates influences of an original pH value on degradation effects of sweeteners in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 3 illustrates influences of a concentration of an oxidant on degradation effects of sweeteners in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 4 illustrates influences of an irradiation time on decomposition of four sweeteners in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. - For further illustrating the invention, experiments detailing a method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes are described below. It should be noted that the following examples are intended to describe and not to limit the invention.
- Secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing was taken as an example. A method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes was conducted as follows:
- 1) Sewage was introduced to a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity to precipitate sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank.
- 2) A supernatant was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank and added with a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be between 3 and 11. A concentration of the NaOH solution or the perchloric acid solution was 0.5 mol/L. Thereafter, a 30% w/w aqueous H2O2 solution was added to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in a resulting mixed solution to be 10:1. The resulting mixed solution was transferred to a photoreactor for photoreaction, during which, the mixed solution was electromagnetically stirred and irradiated by an ultraviolet light in the photoreactor for 30 min at a working power of 22 Watt. The UV irradiation was realized by using an ultraviolet lamp, and an irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet was 0.52 μW/cm2 at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of a quartz sleeve. Finally, a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO2 solution was added to the mixed solution to terminate the photo reaction.
- 3) A sample was collected from an effluent obtained from 2) for analyzing treatment results, the effluent was introduced to a disinfecting tank and disinfecting the effluent with ClO2, and an effluent was discharged from the disinfecting tank to an urban sewage system.
- Secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing was taken as an example. A method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes was conducted as follows:
- 1) Sewage was introduced to a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity to precipitate sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank.
- 2) A supernatant was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank and added with a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be 5. A concentration of the NaOH solution or the perchloric acid solution was 0.5 mol/L. Thereafter, a 30% w/w aqueous H2O2 solution was added to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in a resulting mixed solution to be between 1:1 and 30:1, in the meanwhile, active carbon fibers according to an addition of 150 mg/L were added. A resulting mixture was transferred to a photoreactor for photoreaction, during which, the mixed solution was electromagnetically stirred and irradiated by an ultraviolet light in the photoreactor for 30 min at a working power of 22 Watt. The UV irradiation was realized by using an ultraviolet lamp, and an irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet was 0.52 μW/cm2 at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of a quartz sleeve. Finally, a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO2 solution was added to the mixture to terminate the photo reaction.
- 3) A sample was collected from an effluent obtained from 2) for analyzing treatment results, the effluent was introduced to a disinfecting tank and disinfecting the effluent with ClO2, and an effluent was discharged from the disinfecting tank to an urban sewage system.
- Secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant in Nanjing was taken as an example. A method for degrading artificial sweeteners from sewage by advanced oxidation processes was conducted as follows:
- 1) Sewage was introduced to a secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity to precipitate sediments of the sewage in the secondary sedimentation tank.
- 2) A supernatant was collected from the secondary sedimentation tank and added with a NaOH solution or a perchloric acid solution as a pH regulator to regulate a pH value of the supernatant to be 5. A concentration of the NaOH solution or the perchloric acid solution was 0.5 mol/L. Thereafter, a 30% w/w aqueous H2O2 solution was added to the supernatant to adjust a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener in a resulting mixed solution to be 10:1. The resulting mixed solution was transferred to a photoreactor for photoreaction, during which, the mixed solution was electromagnetically stirred and irradiated by an ultraviolet light in the photoreactor for 30 min at a working power of 22 Watt or 300 Watt. The UV irradiation was realized by using an ultraviolet lamp, and an irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet was 0.52 μW/cm2 at a wavelength of 254 nm on an outer wall of a quartz sleeve. Finally, a 1.5% w/w aqueous NaNO2 solution was added to the mixed solution to terminate the photo reaction.
- 3) A sample was collected from an effluent obtained from 2) for analyzing treatment results, the effluent was introduced to a disinfecting tank and disinfecting the effluent with ClO2, and an effluent was discharged from the disinfecting tank to an urban sewage system.
- It should be noted that ranges of the data involved in the embodiments can be realized and herein the specific data at the end values and the intermediate values are not respectively exemplified herein.
- Results Analyses
- 50 mL of a water sample was collected and filtered by a mixed fiber membrane having a thickness of 0.22 μm. A filtrate was then stored in a 4° C. refrigerator for subsequent solid phase extraction and quantitative detection of the artificial sweeteners. Each experiment was repeated for three times and a mean value±a standard deviation was analyzed. Simple experiment process is shown in
FIG. 1 . - A) Purification of Four Artificial Sweeteners
- A weak anion exchange column CNW Poly-Sery PWAX (60 mg, 3 mL) provided by ANPEL scientific instrument (Shanghai) Co., Ltd was selected as a solid phase extraction column. Specific steps were as follows:
- a) 6 mL of methanol was used to balance the CNW Poly-Sery PWAX column.
- b) The CNW Poly-Sery PWAX column was washed by 6 mL of a solution comprising acetic acid and sodium acetate having a concentration of 25 mM and a pH value of 4.
- c) 50 mL of a water sample was enabled to pass through the CNW Poly-Sery PWAX column at a rate of between 2 and 3 mL/min.
- d) The CNW Poly-Sery PWAX column was washed again by 6 mL of the solution comprising acetic acid and sodium acetate having the concentration of 25 mM and the pH value of 4.
- e) The sweeteners were eluted by 6 mL of a methanol solution comprising 1 mM of TRIS, a resulting solution comprising the sweeteners and methanol was then blown with nitrogen gas to a constant volume of 1 mL, and stored in the 4° C. refrigerator for subsequent detection by machine.
- B) Detection of Concentration of Sweeteners by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Xevo TQ-S UPLC-MS provided by Waters corporation from the USA was adopted as the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument. And the concentrations of the sweeteners were analyzed by multi-reaction monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization.
-
TABLE 1 Multi-reaction monitoring parameters of artificial sweeteners Parent ion Daughter-ion Cone Collision Compound (m/z) (m/z) Voltage (V) energy (V) Acesulfame 162 82/78 38 14/18 potassium Cyclamate 178 80 60 28 Saccharin 182 106/42 55 16/26 sodium Sucralose 395 359/35 70 10 - Acquity UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column (2.1×50 mm, 1.7 μm) was adopted in the liquid phase separation. A temperature of the column was maintained at 30° C. Mobile phases were water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Both the two phases were added with 5 mM ammonium acetate and 1 mM TRIS. The mobile phases were removed from gas by ultrasonic wave. A flow rate of the mobile phases was 0.1 mL/min. Gradient elution was adopted and the procedure for the gradient elution was illustrated in Table 2. An injection volume was 20 μL, and the sample was injected by an automatic sample injector.
-
TABLE 2 Procedure for gradient elution Flow rate Mobile phase A Mobile phase B Time (mL/min) (%) (%) 0 0.1 95 5 4.5 0.1 30 70 5 0.1 95 5 6 0.1 95 5 - C) Analysis of Removal Rate of Sweeteners
- Concentration unit of the artificial sweeteners were μg/L.
- The removal rate of the sweeteners=(1−Ct/C0)×100%, in which C0 is an original concentration, Ct is a concentration of a sweetener at a photoreaction time t. Artificial sweeteners detected included acesulfame potassium, sucralose, cyclamate, and saccharin sodium.
- Analysis Results
- 1. Influence of the Original pH Value on Removal Rate of Target Pollutants
-
FIG. 2 indicates the influence of the original pH value on the removal rate of the target pollutants, from which, it is known that in conditions of a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener of being 10:1 and 30 min of irradiation by the mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt, the removal rates of the sweeteners using the advanced oxidation processes process in the groups having the original pH value of the solution of between 3 and 5 were better than the groups having the original pH value of the solution of greater than or equal to 7. - 2. Influences of a Ratio of a Molar Concentration of H2O2 to a Molar Concentration of the Sweetener on Removal Rate of Target Pollutants
- As shown in
FIG. 3 , in condition of the pH value being equal to 5, 30 min of irradiation the mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt, and a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener of being between 1:1 and 30:1, removal rates of all the target pollutants increase with the increment in the concentration of the oxidants. Generally, when the concentration of H2O2 is too large, H2O2 contacts with the produced .OH for reaction therefore consumes the .OH. Thus, an optimized value might exist in the addition of the oxidant. However, all the four sweeteners are substances difficult to be decomposed. With the increment of the addition of the oxidant, the removal rate gradually increases. Considering the practical operation of the process, an optimum addition of the oxidant satisfies a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener of being 20:1. - 3. Influences of Irradiation Intensity of Light Source on Removal Rate of Target Pollutants
- Two common ultraviolet light sources in the ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation processes process were selected, which were respectively mercury lamp having a working power of 22 Watt and mercury lamp having a working power of 300 Watt. Removal rates of the target pollutants in condition of the pH value of 5, an addition of the oxidant satisfying a ratio of a molar concentration of H2O2 to a molar concentration of the sweetener of being 10:1, and a photoreaction time of 30 min were illustrated in Table 3. When the mercury lamp having the working power of 22 Watt was adopted, the degradation effects on the four sweeteners were better.
-
TABLE 3 Comparison of degradation effects of sweeteners between two light sources Luminous power Acesulfame Saccharin of mercury lamp potassium Cyclamate sodium Sucralose 22 W 77.64 ± 0.1% 30.68 ± 2.95% 21.16 ± 1.34% 17.03 ± 2.53% 300 W 55.01 ± 0.51% 26.38 ± 0.1% 17.61 ± 0.55% 10.93 ± 0.83% - 4. Influences of Irradiation Time of Ultraviolet Light on Removal Rate of Target Pollutants
-
FIG. 4 illustrates the influences of irradiation time of the ultraviolet light on the removal rate of the target pollutants, from which, it is known that decomposition reactions of the four sweeteners all follow first order reaction kinetics, and reaction rate constant k is between 1×10−4 and 8×10−4 s−1. Reaction rate of acesulfame potassium is the fastest due that acesulfame potassium is able to be decomposed by absorbing photons under the irradiation of the UV light while the other three sweeteners are not. When comparing the reaction rate of the four pollutants, acesulfame potassium>cyclamate>saccharin sodium>sucralose. Sucralose is a strongly persistent organic substance. When using UV/H2O2 process to decompose the artificial sweeteners, the reaction rate of sucralose is the lowest. - In summary, the method of the invention is effective to degrade the artificial sweeteners from the sewage.
- It also demonstrated from the treatment results analyses that the components and the parameters are both best choices to realize the method of the invention.
- Unless otherwise indicated, the numerical ranges involved in the invention include the end values. While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
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US9499415B2 (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-11-22 | Chiyoda Kohan Co., Ltd | Ultraviolet irradiation apparatus |
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CN112645515A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-13 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Tail end drainage integrated device for tail water advanced treatment |
CN113666451A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for efficiently degrading micro-pollutant saccharin in water by activating persulfate |
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