US20170265169A1 - Methods and apparatus for resource management for ultra low latency (ull) and legacy transmissions - Google Patents

Methods and apparatus for resource management for ultra low latency (ull) and legacy transmissions Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170265169A1
US20170265169A1 US15/443,780 US201715443780A US2017265169A1 US 20170265169 A1 US20170265169 A1 US 20170265169A1 US 201715443780 A US201715443780 A US 201715443780A US 2017265169 A1 US2017265169 A1 US 2017265169A1
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Prior art keywords
tti
configuration
information
different
resources
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US15/443,780
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English (en)
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Wanshi Chen
Peter Gaal
Juan Montojo
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Priority to US15/443,780 priority Critical patent/US20170265169A1/en
Priority to JP2018547344A priority patent/JP6953421B2/ja
Priority to KR1020187025609A priority patent/KR102828512B1/ko
Priority to CN202311047881.8A priority patent/CN116847466A/zh
Priority to EP17711414.7A priority patent/EP3427530A1/en
Priority to BR112018068014A priority patent/BR112018068014A2/pt
Priority to PCT/US2017/019918 priority patent/WO2017155738A1/en
Priority to CN201780015927.4A priority patent/CN108713341A/zh
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MONTOJO, JUAN, GAAL, PETER, CHEN, WANSHI
Publication of US20170265169A1 publication Critical patent/US20170265169A1/en
Priority to US16/709,525 priority patent/US11323993B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H04W72/042—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/11—Semi-persistent scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1231—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H04W72/1268—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of uplink data flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/1263—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows
    • H04W72/1273—Mapping of traffic onto schedule, e.g. scheduled allocation or multiplexing of flows of downlink data flows
    • H04W72/1289—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H04W72/542—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for resource management for ultra low latency (ULL) and legacy transmissions.
  • UDL ultra low latency
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts.
  • Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power).
  • multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency divisional multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency divisional multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
  • a wireless multiple-access communication system may include a number of base stations (BSs), each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipment (UEs).
  • BSs base stations
  • UEs user equipment
  • LTE long term evolution
  • LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • eNB enhanced/evolved Node B
  • a wireless multiple-access communication system may include a number of distributed units (DUs) (e.g., edge units (EUs), edge nodes (ENs), radio heads (RHs), smart radio heads (SRHs), transmission reception points (TRPs), etc.) in communication with a number of central units (CUs) (e.g., central nodes (CNs), access node controllers (ANCs), etc.), where a set of one or more distributed units, in communication with a central unit, may define an access node (e.g., a NR BS, a NR NB, a network node, a 5G NB, a gNB, an access point (AP), etc.).
  • DUs distributed units
  • EUs edge units
  • ENs edge nodes
  • RHs radio heads
  • RHs smart radio heads
  • TRPs transmission reception points
  • CUs central units
  • CNs central nodes
  • ANCs access node controllers
  • AP access point
  • a BS or DU may communicate with a set of UEs on downlink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station or to a UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a BS or DU).
  • downlink channels e.g., for transmissions from a base station or to a UE
  • uplink channels e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a BS or DU.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • NR for example, 5G radio access
  • NR is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide mechanisms for resource management for ultra low latency (ULL) and legacy transmissions.
  • UDL ultra low latency
  • the method generally includes receiving information indicating a first configuration based on a first transmission time interval (TTI) and a second configuration based on a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; and communicating based on the first TTI according to the first resource and based on the second TTI according to the second configuration.
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • the method generally includes determining a first TTI and a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; determining a first configuration based on the first TTI and a second configuration based on the second TTI; and transmitting information indicating the first configuration for the first TTI and the second configuration for the second TTI.
  • the apparatus generally includes means for receiving information indicating a first configuration based on a first TTI and a second configuration based on a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; and means for communicating based on the first TTI according to the first configuration and based on the second TTI according to the second configuration.
  • the apparatus generally includes means for a first TTI and a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; means for determining a first configuration based on the first TTI and a second configuration based on the second TTI; and means for transmitting information indicating the first configuration for the first TTI and the second configuration for the second TTI.
  • the apparatus generally includes at least one processor configured to receive information indicating a first configuration based on a first TTI and a second configuration based on a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; and communicate based on the first TTI according to the first configuration and based on the second TTI according to the second configuration; and a memory coupled with the at least one processor.
  • the apparatus generally includes at least one processor configured to determine a first TTI and a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; determine a first configuration based on the first TTI and a second configuration based on the second TTI; and transmit information indicating the first configuration for the first TTI and the second configuration for the second TTI; and a memory coupled with the at least one processor.
  • the computer executable code generally includes code for receiving information indicating a first configuration based on a first TTI and a second configuration based on a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; and code for communicating based on the first TTI according to the first configuration and based on the second TTI according to the second configuration.
  • the computer executable code generally includes code for determining a first TTI and a second TTI, wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI; and the first TTI and the second TTI are different; code for determining a first configuration based on the first TTI and a second configuration based on the second TTI; and code for transmitting information indicating the first configuration for the first TTI and the second configuration for the second TTI.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network architecture, in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an access network, in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink frame structure in an access network, in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink frame structure in an access network, in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a radio protocol architecture for the user and control plane, in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) in an access network, in accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure.
  • BS base station
  • UE user equipment
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed radio access network (RAN), in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • RAN radio access network
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a downlink (DL)-centric subframe, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an uplink (UL)-centric subframe, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates example operations for wireless communications by a UE, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates example operations for wireless communications by a base station, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example UE and BS capable of resource management for low latency and legacy transmissions, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Certain devices may support low latency (or ultra low latency “ULL”) communications, including the capability to perform certain procedures with low latency relative to devices that lack the capability.
  • Devices that lack the capability to perform low latency or ULL communications may be referred to herein as “legacy” devices.
  • a legacy transmission time interval (TTI) may be 1 ms.
  • TTI lengths of shorter than 1 ms may be used.
  • legacy and ULL resources may overlap.
  • Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for resource management for transmission of legacy and/or ULL data where different transmissions may have different TTI lengths. For example, different devices, different transmission directions (uplink and downlink), different component carriers, different subframes, may be configured for different TTI lengths.
  • the base station may determine configurations for different TTI lengths based on the TTI length.
  • the base station may send information indicating the configurations to the UEs.
  • the UEs can receive the information and communicate according to the determined configurations for the different TTIs.
  • a CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc.
  • UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR).
  • CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards.
  • a TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM).
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • An OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as NR (e.g., 5G radio access), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc.
  • NR e.g., 5G radio access
  • E-UTRA Evolved UTRA
  • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 Flash-OFDM®
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS).
  • LTE is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA.
  • UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS, and LTE are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP).
  • CDMA2000 is described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2).
  • NR is an emerging wireless communications technology under development in conjunction with the 5G Technology Forum (5GTF).
  • 5GTF 5G Technology Forum
  • These communications networks are merely listed as examples of networks in which the techniques described in this disclosure may be applied; however, this disclosure is not limited to the above-described communications network.
  • 5GTF 5G Technology Forum
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network architecture 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced.
  • network architecture 100 may be a new radio (NR) or 5G network.
  • a base station e.g., 106 , 108 etc.
  • TTIs transmission time intervals
  • the BS 106 , 108 may determine configurations for an ultra low latency (ULL) TTI and for a legacy TTI.
  • the BS 106 , 108 may determine a configuration for different ULL TTIs.
  • the BS 106 , 108 may send information indicating the determined configurations to the user equipment(s) (UE) 102 (which may be ULL capable UEs or legacy UEs).
  • the UEs 102 can receive the information and communicate with the BS 106 , 108 based on the different TTIs according to the determined configurations.
  • UE user equipment
  • Network architecture 100 may be referred to as an Evolved Packet System (EPS) 100 (e.g., a long term evolution (LTE) network).
  • EPS 100 may include one or more user equipment (UE) 102 , an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) 104 , an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 110 , a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 120 , and an Operator's IP Services 122 .
  • EPS 100 can interconnect with other access networks, but for simplicity those entities/interfaces are not shown.
  • Exemplary other access networks may include an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) packet data network (PDN), Internet PDN, Administrative PDN (e.g., Provisioning PDN), carrier-specific PDN, operator-specific PDN, and/or Global Positioning System (GPS) PDN.
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • PDN packet data network
  • Administrative PDN e.g., Provisioning PDN
  • carrier-specific PDN e.g., operator-specific PDN
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • EPS 100 provides packet-switched (PS) services; however, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be extended to networks providing circuit-switched (CS) services.
  • PS packet-switched
  • CS circuit-switched
  • a UE 102 may also be referred to as a mobile station, a terminal, an access terminal (AT), a subscriber unit, a station, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or medical equipment, a biometric sensor/device, a wearable device such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wrist band, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet, etc.), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, a satellite radio, etc.), a vehicular component or sensor, a drone, a robot/robotic device, a smart meter/sensor, industrial manufacturing
  • MTC evolved or machine-type communication
  • eMTC evolved MTC
  • MTC may refer to communication involving at least one remote device on at least one end of the communication and may include forms of data communication which involve one or more entities that do not necessarily need human interaction.
  • MTC UEs may include UEs that are capable of MTC communications with MTC servers and/or other MTC devices through Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMN), for example.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Networks
  • MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., that may communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity.
  • a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.
  • a network e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network
  • Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices or narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices.
  • IoT Internet-of-Things
  • NB-IoT narrowband IoT
  • E-UTRAN 104 includes BS 106 and other BSs 108 .
  • BS 106 provides user and control plane protocol terminations toward UE 102 .
  • BS 106 may be connected to the other BSs 108 via an X2 interface (e.g., backhaul).
  • BS 106 may also be referred to as an access point.
  • BS 106 may provide an access point (AP) to EPC 110 for a UE 102 .
  • AP access point
  • An access point may comprise, be implemented as, or known as NodeB, Radio Network Controller (“RNC”), eNodeB (eNB), Base Station Controller (“BSC”), Base Transceiver Station (“BTS”), Base Station (“BS”), Transceiver Function (“TF”), Radio Router, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (“BSS”), Extended Service Set (“ESS”), Radio Base Station (“RBS”), or some other terminology.
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • eNB eNodeB
  • BSC Base Station Controller
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • BS Base Station
  • Transceiver Function TF
  • Radio Router Radio Transceiver
  • BSS Basic Service Set
  • ESS Extended Service Set
  • RBS Radio Base Station
  • a BS may be a station that communicates with UEs. Each BS 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a Node B and/or a Node B subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • the term “cell” and gNB, Node B, 5G NB, AP, NR BS, NR BS, or TRP may be interchangeable.
  • a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile base station.
  • the base stations may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other base stations or network nodes (not shown) in wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.
  • EPC 110 includes a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 112 , other MMEs 114 , a Serving Gateway 116 , and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 118 .
  • MME 112 is the control node that processes the signaling between UE 102 and EPC 110 .
  • MME 112 provides bearer and connection management. All user IP packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 116 , which itself is connected to PDN Gateway 118 .
  • PDN Gateway 118 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions.
  • PDN Gateway 118 is connected to Operator's IP Services 122 .
  • Operator's IP Services 122 may include, for example, the Internet, the Intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and a PS (packet-switched) Streaming Service (PSS).
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • PS packet-switched Streaming Service
  • the UE 102 may be coupled to the PDN through network architecture 100 .
  • any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area.
  • Each wireless network may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies.
  • a RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc.
  • a frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc.
  • Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.
  • NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed. While aspects of the examples described herein may be associated with LTE technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable with other wireless communications systems, such as NR or 5G.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an access network 200 in a network architecture (e.g., such as network architecture 100 ) in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced.
  • BSs 204 and UEs 206 may be configured to implement techniques for resource management of transmissions having different TTI types (e.g., different TTI lengths), in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure as discussed below.
  • access network 200 is divided into a number of cellular regions (cells) 202 .
  • One or more lower power class BSs 208 may have cellular regions 210 that overlap with one or more of the cells 202 .
  • a lower power class BS 208 may be referred to as a remote radio head (RRH).
  • the lower power class BS 208 may be a femto cell (e.g., home BS), pico cell, or micro cell.
  • the macro BSs 204 are each assigned to a respective cell 202 and are configured to provide an access point to EPC 110 for all the UEs 206 in the cells 202 .
  • There is no centralized controller in this example of an access network 200 but a centralized controller may be used in alternative configurations.
  • BSs 204 are responsible for all radio related functions including radio bearer control, admission control, mobility control, scheduling, security, and connectivity to serving gateway 116 .
  • Access network 200 may also include one or more relays (not shown). A UE may serve
  • the term “cell” and gNB, Node B, 5G NB, or TRP may be interchangeable.
  • a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile base station.
  • the base stations may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other base stations or network nodes (not shown) in the access network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.
  • the modulation and multiple access scheme employed by access network 200 may vary depending on the particular telecommunications standard being deployed.
  • OFDM is used on the DL
  • SC-FDMA is used on the UL to support both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD).
  • FDD frequency division duplexing
  • TDD time division duplexing
  • the various concepts presented herein are well suited for LTE applications. However, these concepts may be readily extended to other telecommunication standards, such as NR and 5G, which may employ these or other modulation and multiple access techniques.
  • the actual wireless communication standard and the multiple access technology employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
  • BSs 204 may have multiple antennas supporting MIMO technology.
  • MIMO technology enables BSs 204 to exploit the spatial domain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmit diversity.
  • Spatial multiplexing may be used to transmit different streams of data simultaneously on the same frequency.
  • the data streams may be transmitted to a single UE 206 to increase the data rate or to multiple UEs 206 to increase the overall system capacity. This is achieved by spatially precoding each data stream (e.g., applying a scaling of an amplitude and a phase) and then transmitting each spatially precoded stream through multiple transmit antennas on the DL.
  • the spatially precoded data streams arrive at the UE(s) 206 with different spatial signatures, which enables each of the UE(s) 206 to recover the one or more data streams destined for that UE 206 .
  • each UE 206 transmits a spatially precoded data stream, which enables BS 204 to identify the source of each spatially precoded data stream.
  • Beamforming may be used to focus the transmission energy in one or more directions. This may be achieved by spatially precoding the data for transmission through multiple antennas. To achieve good coverage at the edges of the cell, a single stream beamforming transmission may be used in combination with transmit diversity.
  • OFDM is a spread-spectrum technique that modulates data over a number of subcarriers within an OFDM symbol.
  • the subcarriers are spaced apart at precise frequencies. The spacing provides “orthogonality” that enables a receiver to recover the data from the subcarriers.
  • a guard interval e.g., cyclic prefix
  • the UL may use SC-FDMA in the form of a DFT-spread OFDM signal to compensate for high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
  • a scheduling entity e.g., a BS
  • the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity.
  • BSs are not the only entities that may function as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). In this example, the UE is functioning as a scheduling entity, and other UEs utilize resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communication.
  • a UE may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and/or in a mesh network. In a mesh network example, UEs may optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • mesh network UEs may optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.
  • a scheduling entity and one or more subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduled resources.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a DL frame structure 300 in an access network (e.g., such as access network 200 ).
  • a frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized sub-frames with indices of 0 through 9. Each sub-frame may include two consecutive time slots.
  • a resource grid may be used to represent two time slots, each time slot including a resource block (RB).
  • the resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs).
  • a RB contains 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and, for a normal cyclic prefix in each OFDM symbol, 7 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain, or 84 REs.
  • a RB contains 6 consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain and has 72 REs.
  • the DL-RS include Cell-specific RS (CRS) (also sometimes called common RS) 302 and UE-specific RS (UE-RS) 304 .
  • UE-RS 304 are transmitted only on the RBs upon which the corresponding physical DL shared channel (PDSCH) is mapped.
  • PDSCH physical DL shared channel
  • the number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme. Thus, the more RBs that a UE receives and the higher the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate for the UE.
  • a BS may send a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) for each cell in the eNB.
  • PSS and SSS may be sent in symbol periods 6 and 5 , respectively, in each of subframes 0 and 5 of each radio frame with the normal cyclic prefix (CP).
  • the synchronization signals may be used by UEs for cell detection and acquisition.
  • the BS may send a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) in symbol periods 0 to 3 in slot 1 of subframe 0 .
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • the PBCH may carry certain system information.
  • the BS may send a Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) in the first symbol period of each subframe.
  • the PCFICH may convey the number of symbol periods (M) used for control channels, where M may be equal to 1, 2 or 3 and may change from subframe to subframe. M may also be equal to 4 for a small system bandwidth, e.g., with less than 10 RBs.
  • the BS may send a Physical HARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) and a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) in the first M symbol periods of each subframe.
  • the PHICH may carry information to support hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).
  • the PDCCH may carry information on resource allocation for UEs and control information for downlink channels.
  • the BS may send a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.
  • the PDSCH may carry data for UEs scheduled for data transmission on the downlink.
  • the BS may send the PSS, SSS, and PBCH in the center 1.08 MHz of the system bandwidth used by the BS.
  • the BS may send the PCFICH and PHICH across the entire system bandwidth in each symbol period in which these channels are sent.
  • the BS may send the PDCCH to groups of UEs in certain portions of the system bandwidth.
  • the BS may send the PDSCH to specific UEs in specific portions of the system bandwidth.
  • the BS may send the PSS, SSS, PBCH, PCFICH, and PHICH in a broadcast manner to all UEs, may send the PDCCH in a unicast manner to specific UEs, and may also send the PDSCH in a unicast manner to specific UEs.
  • a number of REs may be available in each symbol period.
  • Each RE may cover one subcarrier in one symbol period and may be used to send one modulation symbol, which may be a real or complex value.
  • REs not used for a reference signal in each symbol period may be arranged into resource element groups (REGs).
  • Each REG may include four REs in one symbol period.
  • the PCFICH may occupy four REGs, which may be spaced approximately equally across frequency, in symbol period 0 .
  • the PHICH may occupy three REGs, which may be spread across frequency, in one or more configurable symbol periods. For example, the three REGs for the PHICH may all belong in symbol period 0 or may be spread in symbol periods 0 , 1 , and 2 .
  • the PDCCH may occupy 9, 18, 36, or 72 REGs, which may be selected from the available REGs, in the first M symbol periods, for example. Only certain combinations of REGs may be allowed for the PDCCH.
  • a UE may know the specific REGs used for the PHICH and the PCFICH.
  • the UE may search different combinations of REGs for the PDCCH.
  • the number of combinations to search is typically less than the number of allowed combinations for the PDCCH.
  • a BS may send the PDCCH to the UE in any of the combinations that the UE will search.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of an UL frame structure 400 in an access network (e.g., LTE).
  • the available RBs for the UL may be partitioned into a data section and a control section.
  • the control section may be formed at the two edges of the system bandwidth and may have a configurable size.
  • the RBs in the control section may be assigned to UEs for transmission of control information.
  • the data section may include all RBs not included in the control section.
  • the UL frame structure 300 results in the data section including contiguous subcarriers, which may allow a single UE to be assigned all of the contiguous subcarriers in the data section.
  • a UE may be assigned RBs 410 a, 410 b in the control section to transmit control information to a BS.
  • the UE may also be assigned RBs 420 a, 420 b in the data section to transmit data to the BS.
  • the UE may transmit control information in a physical UL control channel (PUCCH) on the assigned resource blocks in the control section.
  • the UE may transmit only data or both data and control information in a physical UL shared channel (PUSCH) on the assigned resource blocks in the data section.
  • a UL transmission may span both slots of a subframe and may hop across frequency.
  • a set of RBs may be used to perform initial system access and achieve UL synchronization in a physical random access channel (PRACH) 430 .
  • the PRACH 430 carries a random sequence and cannot carry any UL data/signaling.
  • Each random access preamble occupies a bandwidth corresponding to six consecutive RBs.
  • the starting frequency is specified by the network. That is, the transmission of the random access preamble is restricted to certain time and frequency resources. There is no frequency hopping for the PRACH.
  • the PRACH attempt is carried in a single subframe (1 ms) or in a sequence of few contiguous subframes and a UE can make only a single PRACH attempt per frame (10 ms).
  • a BS may transmit these or other signals in these locations or in different locations of the subframe.
  • a BS may transmit these or other signals in these locations or in different locations of the subframe.
  • different uplink and/or downlink frame structures may be used.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example of a radio protocol architecture for the user and control planes in an example access network (e.g., LTE).
  • the radio protocol architecture for the UE and the BS is shown with three layers: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3.
  • Layer 1 (L1 layer) is the lowest layer and implements various physical layer signal processing functions.
  • the L1 layer will be referred to herein as the physical layer 506 .
  • Layer 2 (L2 layer) 508 is above the physical layer 506 and is responsible for the link between the UE and BS over the physical layer 506 .
  • the L2 layer 508 includes a media access control (MAC) sublayer 510 , a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 512 , and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) 514 sublayer, which are terminated at the BS on the network side.
  • MAC media access control
  • RLC radio link control
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • the UE may have several upper layers above the L2 layer 508 including a network layer (e.g., IP layer) that is terminated at the PDN gateway 118 on the network side, and an application layer that is terminated at the other end of the connection (e.g., far end UE, server, etc.).
  • IP layer e.g., IP layer
  • the PDCP sublayer 514 provides multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels.
  • the PDCP sublayer 514 also provides header compression for upper layer data packets to reduce radio transmission overhead, security by ciphering the data packets, and handover support for UEs between BSs.
  • the RLC sublayer 512 provides segmentation and reassembly of upper layer data packets, retransmission of lost data packets, and reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-order reception due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the MAC sublayer 510 provides multiplexing between logical and transport channels.
  • the MAC sublayer 510 is also responsible for allocating the various radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) in one cell among the UEs.
  • the MAC sublayer 510 is also responsible for HARQ operations.
  • the radio protocol architecture for the UE and BS is substantially the same for the physical layer 506 and the L2 layer 508 with the exception that there is no header compression function for the control plane.
  • the control plane also includes a radio resource control (RRC) sublayer 516 in Layer 3 (L3 layer).
  • RRC sublayer 516 is responsible for obtaining radio resources (i.e., radio bearers) and for configuring the lower layers using RRC signaling between the BS and the UE.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a BS 610 in communication with a UE 650 in an access network, in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced.
  • a controller/processor 675 implements the functionality of the L2 layer.
  • controller/processor 675 provides header compression, ciphering, packet segmentation and reordering, multiplexing between logical and transport channels, and radio resource allocations to the UE 650 based on various priority metrics.
  • the controller/processor 675 is also responsible for HARQ operations, retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to UE 650 .
  • TX processor 616 implements various signal processing functions for the L1 layer (i.e., physical layer).
  • the signal processing functions includes coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC) at UE 650 and mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)).
  • FEC forward error correction
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • Each stream is then mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.
  • the OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams.
  • Channel estimates from a channel estimator 674 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing.
  • the channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by UE 650 .
  • Each spatial stream is then provided to a different antenna 620 via a separate transmitter 618 TX.
  • Each transmitter 618 TX modulates an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • each receiver 654 RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 652 .
  • Each receiver 654 RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receiver (RX) processor 656 .
  • the RX processor 656 implements various signal processing functions of the L1 layer.
  • the RX processor 656 performs spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 650 . If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 650 , they may be combined by the RX processor 656 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
  • the RX processor 656 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.
  • the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal is recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the eNB 610 . These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 658 .
  • the soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the eNB 610 on the physical channel.
  • the data and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor 659 .
  • Controller/processor 659 implements the L2 layer.
  • the controller/processor can be associated with a memory 660 that stores program codes and data. Memory 660 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium.
  • control/processor 659 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover upper layer packets from the core network.
  • the upper layer packets are then provided to a data sink 662 , which represents all the protocol layers above the L2 layer.
  • Various control signals may also be provided to data sink 662 for L3 processing.
  • Controller/processor 659 is also responsible for error detection using an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocol to support HARQ operations.
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • NACK negative acknowledgement
  • a data source 667 is used to provide upper layer packets to controller/processor 659 .
  • Data source 667 represents all protocol layers above the L2 layer.
  • controller/processor 659 implements the L2 layer for the user plane and the control plane by providing header compression, ciphering, packet segmentation and reordering, and multiplexing between logical and transport channels based on radio resource allocations by BS 610 .
  • Controller/processor 659 is also responsible for HARQ operations, retransmission of lost packets, and signaling to BS 610 .
  • Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 658 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by BS 610 may be used by TX processor 668 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing.
  • the spatial streams generated by TX processor 668 are provided to different antenna 652 via separate transmitters 654 TX. Each transmitter 654 TX modulates an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the UL transmission is processed at BS 610 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at UE 650 .
  • Each receiver 618 RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 620 .
  • Each receiver 618 RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to RX processor 670 .
  • RX processor 670 may implement the L1 layer.
  • Controller/processor 675 implements the L2 layer. Controller/processor 675 can be associated with memory 676 that stores program codes and data. Memory 676 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, control/processor 675 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover upper layer packets from UE 650 . Upper layer packets from controller/processor 675 may be provided to the core network. Controller/processor 675 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations. Controllers/processors 675 , 659 may direct the operations at BS 610 and UE 650 , respectively.
  • Controller/processor 675 and/or other processors and modules at BS 610 may perform or direct operations, for example, operations 1200 in FIG. 12 , and/or other processes for the techniques described herein for resource management for transmissions using different TTI types. Controller/processor 659 and/or other processors and modules at the UE 650 may perform or direct operations, for example, operations 1100 in FIG. 11 , and/or other processes for the techniques described herein for resource management for transmissions using different TTI types. In certain aspects, one or more of any of the components shown in FIG. 6 may be employed to perform example operations 1100 and 1200 and/or other processes for the techniques described herein.
  • Memories 660 and 676 may store data and program codes for UE 650 and BS 610 respectively, accessible and executable by one or more other components of UE 650 and BS 610 .
  • aspects of the examples described herein may be associated with LTE technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable with other wireless communications systems, such as NR or 5G technologies.
  • New radio may refer to radios configured to operate according to a new air interface (e.g., other than Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based air interfaces) or fixed transport layer (e.g., other than Internet Protocol (IP)).
  • NR may utilize OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink and may include support for half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD).
  • NR may include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service targeting wide bandwidth (e.g. 80 MHz beyond), millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g. 60 GHz), massive MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or mission critical targeting ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) service.
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • mMTC massive MTC
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
  • NR resource blocks may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 75 kHz over a 0.1 ms duration or a bandwidth of 15 kHz over a 1 ms duration.
  • Each radio frame may consist of 10 or 50 subframes with a length of 10 ms.
  • Each subframe may have a length of 0.2 ms.
  • Each subframe may indicate a link direction (i.e., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched.
  • Each subframe may include DL/UL data as well as DL/UL control data.
  • UL and DL subframes for NR may be as described in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 9 and 10 .
  • Beamforming may be supported and beam direction may be dynamically configured.
  • MIMO transmissions with precoding may also be supported.
  • MIMO configurations in the DL may support up to 8 transmit antennas with multi-layer DL transmissions up to 8 streams and up to 2 streams per UE.
  • Multi-layer transmissions with up to 2 streams per UE may be supported.
  • Aggregation of multiple cells may be supported with up to 8 serving cells.
  • NR may support a different air interface, other than an OFDM-based interface.
  • the NR RAN may include a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DUs).
  • a NR BS e.g., gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmission reception point (TRP), access point (AP)
  • a NR cell can be configured as access cells (ACells) or data only cells (DCells).
  • the RAN e.g., a central unit or distributed unit
  • DCells may be cells used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity and may not be used for initial access, cell selection/reselection, or handover. In some cases DCells may not transmit synchronization signals (SS)—in some case cases DCells may transmit SS.
  • SS synchronization signals
  • NR BSs may transmit downlink signals to UEs indicating the cell type. Based on the cell type indication, the UE may communicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and/or measurement based on the indicated cell type.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed RAN 700 , according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a 5G access node 706 may include an access node controller (ANC) 702 .
  • the ANC may be a central unit (CU) of the distributed RAN 700 .
  • the backhaul interface to the next generation core network (NG-CN) 704 may terminate at the ANC.
  • the backhaul interface to neighboring next generation access nodes (NG-ANs) may terminate at the ANC.
  • the ANC may include one or more TRPs 708 (which may also be referred to as BSs, NR BSs, Node Bs, 5G NBs, APs, or some other term). As described above, a TRP may be used interchangeably with “cell.”
  • the TRPs 708 may be a distributed unit (DU).
  • the TRPs may be connected to one ANC (ANC 702 ) or more than one ANC (not illustrated).
  • ANC 702 ANC 702
  • ANC 702 radio as a service
  • RaaS radio as a service
  • a TRP may include one or more antenna ports.
  • the TRPs may be configured to individually (e.g., dynamic selection) or jointly (e.g., joint transmission) serve traffic to a UE.
  • the local architecture 700 may be used to illustrate fronthaul definition.
  • the architecture may be defined that support fronthauling solutions across different deployment types.
  • the architecture may be based on transmit network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency, and/or jitter).
  • the architecture may share features and/or components with LTE.
  • the next generation AN (NG-AN) 710 may support dual connectivity with NR.
  • the NG-AN may share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR.
  • the architecture may enable cooperation between and among TRPs 708 .
  • cooperation may be preset within a TRP and/or across TRPs via the ANC 702 .
  • no inter-TRP interface may be needed/present.
  • a dynamic configuration of split logical functions may be present within the architecture 700 .
  • the PDCP, RLC, MAC protocol may be adaptably placed at the ANC or TRP.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed RAN 800 , according to aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a centralized core network unit (C-CU) 802 may host core network functions.
  • the C-CU may be centrally deployed.
  • C-CU functionality may be offloaded (e.g., to advanced wireless services (AWS)), in an effort to handle peak capacity.
  • a centralized RAN unit (C-RU) 804 may host one or more ANC functions.
  • the C-RU may host core network functions locally.
  • the C-RU may have distributed deployment.
  • the C-RU may be closer to the network edge.
  • a distributed unit (DU) 706 may host one or more TRPs.
  • the DU may be located at edges of the network with radio frequency (RF) functionality.
  • RF radio frequency
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram 900 showing an example of a DL-centric subframe.
  • the DL-centric subframe may include a control portion 902 .
  • the control portion 902 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the control portion 902 may include various scheduling information and/or control information corresponding to various portions of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the control portion 902 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), as indicated in FIG. 9 .
  • the DL-centric subframe may also include a DL data portion 904 .
  • the DL data portion 904 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the DL data portion 904 may include the communication resources utilized to communicate DL data from the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS) to the subordinate entity (e.g., UE).
  • the DL data portion 904 may be a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH).
  • PDSCH physical DL shared channel
  • the DL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 906 .
  • the common UL portion 906 may sometimes be referred to as an UL burst, a common UL burst, and/or various other suitable terms.
  • the common UL portion 906 may include feedback information corresponding to various other portions of the DL-centric subframe.
  • the common UL portion 906 may include feedback information corresponding to the control portion 902 .
  • Non-limiting examples of feedback information may include an ACK signal, a NACK signal, a HARQ indicator, and/or various other suitable types of information.
  • the common UL portion 906 may include additional or alternative information, such as information pertaining to random access channel (RACH) procedures, scheduling requests (SRs), and various other suitable types of information.
  • RACH random access channel
  • SRs scheduling requests
  • the end of the DL data portion 904 may be separated in time from the beginning of the common UL portion 906 .
  • This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, a guard period, a guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms.
  • This separation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication (e.g., reception operation by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)) to UL communication (e.g., transmission by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)).
  • DL communication e.g., reception operation by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)
  • UL communication e.g., transmission by the subordinate entity (e.g., UE)
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 showing an example of an UL-centric subframe.
  • the UL-centric subframe may include a control portion 1002 .
  • the control portion 1002 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of the UL-centric subframe.
  • the control portion 1002 in FIG. 10 may be similar to the control portion 1002 described above with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • the UL-centric subframe may also include an UL data portion 1004 .
  • the UL data portion 1004 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of the UL-centric subframe.
  • the UL portion may refer to the communication resources utilized to communicate UL data from the subordinate entity (e.g., UE) to the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS).
  • the control portion 1002 may be a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
  • PDCH physical downlink control channel
  • the end of the control portion 1002 may be separated in time from the beginning of the UL data portion 1004 .
  • This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms.
  • This separation provides time for the switch-over from DL communication (e.g., reception operation by the scheduling entity) to UL communication (e.g., transmission by the scheduling entity).
  • the UL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 1006 .
  • the common UL portion 1006 in FIG. 10 may be similar to the common UL portion 1006 described above with reference to FIG. 10 .
  • the common UL portion 1006 may additional or alternative include information pertaining to channel quality indicator (CQI), sounding reference signals (SRSs), and various other suitable types of information.
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • SRSs sounding reference signals
  • One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the foregoing is merely one example of an UL-centric subframe and alternative structures having similar features may exist without necessarily deviating from the aspects described herein.
  • two or more subordinate entities may communicate with each other using sidelink signals.
  • Real-world applications of such sidelink communications may include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relaying, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical mesh, and/or various other suitable applications.
  • a sidelink signal may refer to a signal communicated from one subordinate entity (e.g., UE 1 ) to another subordinate entity (e.g., UE 2 ) without relaying that communication through the scheduling entity (e.g., UE or BS), even though the scheduling entity may be utilized for scheduling and/or control purposes.
  • the sidelink signals may be communicated using a licensed spectrum (unlike wireless local area networks, which typically use an unlicensed spectrum)
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • one or more devices may support low latency (or ultra low latency “ULL”) communications.
  • ULL ultra low latency
  • the term ultra low latency capability generally refers to the capability to perform certain procedures with low latency relative to devices that lack the capability (e.g., so called “legacy” devices).
  • the ULL capability may refer to the ability to support transmission time interval (TTI) lengths that are shorter than 1 ms (with 1 ms corresponding to a conventional LTE subframe duration).
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • such devices supporting low latency capabilities may support advanced antenna configurations, coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and/or reception, advanced interference management techniques, and the like.
  • CoMP coordinated multipoint
  • Low latency communications may be enabled by the use of reduced TTI lengths relative to legacy TTI lengths.
  • a TTI can be shorter than a 1 ms subframe, for example, 1 symbol, 2 symbols, 3 symbols, 4 symbols, 1 slot, etc.
  • low latency systems may maintain the procedures such as system information blocks (SIBs), paging, random access channel (RACH), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), and physical broadcast channel (PBCH) procedures as a legacy system.
  • SIBs system information blocks
  • RACH random access channel
  • PSS primary synchronization signals
  • SSS secondary synchronization signals
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • ULL devices and legacy UEs may be frequency division multiplexed (FDM) in a subframe. It may be desirable to minimize resource fragmentation (e.g., due to different TTIs) and interference variation (e.g., instead of 1 ms dependency on interference variations, ULL may introduce interference variations on a smaller than 1 ms time scale).
  • FDM frequency division multiplexed
  • different UEs in a cell may operate with different TTI lengths (also referred to herein as different TTI “types”). For example, one UE may use a 2-symbol TTI and another UE in the cell may use a 1-slot TTI. Similarly, a single UE may be dynamically scheduled, semi-persistently scheduled, or semi-statically configured, with different TTI types. In one example, a UE may use one TTI type for uplink and a different TTI type for downlink. In one example, a UE may use different TTI in different subframes. In another example, a UE may use different TTI types for different component carriers.
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for resource management for ULL and legacy transmissions. For example, different resource configurations can be determined for different TTIs.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates example operations 1100 that can be performed, for example, by a wireless device (e.g., a UE 102 may be a ULL capable UE), for resource management of transmissions with different TTI types, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a wireless device e.g., a UE 102 may be a ULL capable UE
  • Operations 1100 begin, at 1102 , by receiving information (e.g., dynamically, semi-persistently, or semi-statically signaled information) indicating (e.g., via a bitmap or bitmaps) a first configuration (e.g., resource configuration) based on a first transmission time interval (TTI) (e.g., two symbols) and a second configuration based on a second TTI (e.g., one slot), wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI (e.g., a one millisecond TTI); and the first TTI and the second TTI are different.
  • TTI transmission time interval
  • second TTI e.g., one slot
  • the UE communicates based on the first TTI according to the first configuration and based on the second TTI according to the second configuration.
  • the different TTIs may be configured to be used for uplink or downlink communications, different component carriers, and/or different sets of subframes.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates example operations 1200 that can be performed, for example by a base station (e.g., base station 106 , 108 ), for resource management of transmissions with different TTI types, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations 1200 may be corresponding operations by a base station to the operations 1100 performed by the UE.
  • Operations 1200 begin, at 1202 , by determining a first TTI (e.g., two symbols) and a second TTI (e.g., one slot), wherein: the first TTI and the second TTI are each less than a third TTI (e.g., a one millisecond TTI); and the first TTI and the second TTI are different.
  • a first TTI e.g., two symbols
  • a second TTI e.g., one slot
  • the base station determines a first configuration (e.g., resource configuration) based on the first TTI and a second configuration based on the second TTI.
  • the base station transmits information indicating (e.g., via a bitmap or bitmaps) the first configuration for the first TTI and the second configuration for the second TTI.
  • the first TTI and the second TTI may be for a same UE or different UEs.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example UE 1312 and BS 1302 capable of resource management for low latency and legacy transmissions, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • BS 1302 includes TTI determination module 1304 , configuration determination module 1306 , communication module 1308 , and antenna 1310 .
  • UE 1312 includes TTI determination module 1314 , configuration identification module 1316 , communication module 1318 , and antenna 1320 .
  • TTI determination module 1304 may determine or identify different TTIs, for example, having different lengths (e.g., 1-slot, 2-symbol, or 1 ms lengths).
  • the configuration module 1306 may determine different configurations (e.g., different resource sets) for the different TTIs.
  • the communication module 1308 may transmit an indication of the TTIs and/or configurations to the UE 1312 , via the antenna 1310 (or via multiple antennas).
  • UE 1312 may receive the indication of the TTIs and/or configurations, via the antenna 1320 and communication module 1318 .
  • TTI determination module 1314 and/or configuration identification module 1316 may use the indication to identify/determine TTIs and associated configurations.
  • Communication module 1318 of UE 1312 may communicate with BS 1302 , via the antennas 1310 and 1320 , according to the indicated TTIs and/or resource configurations.
  • ULL resource configuration may be performed on a per TTI type basis. For example, if a UE is configured with different TTI types, such as a 2-symbol TTI and a 1-slot TTI, the UE may be configured with different sets of resources for the different TTI types. In this example, the UE can be configured with a first set of resources for the 2-symbol TTI and another set of resources for the 1-slot TTI. Thus, the UE may be configured with multiple resource configurations for ULL service. According to certain aspects, different combinations of 2-symbol TTI, 1-slot TTI, and 1 ms TTI may be configured.
  • the resource configurations for the different TTIs may be signaled to the UE by the BS.
  • the ULL resource sets may be indicated by a bitmap or bitmaps.
  • the values of bits in a bitmap received from the BS may indicate resources to be configured for a TTI.
  • the granularity of the resources indicated in the bitmap may be the same for all TTIs; alternatively, the resource granularity may be different for different TTIs.
  • the bitmap may indicate resource blocks for all TTIs.
  • the resource granularity may be four RBs and for a 1-slot TTI, the resource granularity may be two RBs.
  • eMTC enhanced machine type communications
  • NB-IoT narrowband internet-of-things
  • different bitmaps may be used for different resource configurations.
  • ULL resources may be configured for different channels.
  • the ULL resource configuration may be for a control channel, a data channel, or a combination of both.
  • a same resource configuration may be applicable to both a control channel and a data channel.
  • a first resource configuration may be configured for a control channel, while a second resource configuration may be configured for a data channel.
  • the ULL resource set can be configured to be used on a per carrier basis.
  • different TTIs and/or different resource sets may be configured for communications on different component carriers.
  • the ULL resource can be separately configured to be used for uplink and downlink.
  • UL and DL may have different system bandwidth. Different TTIs and/or different resource sets may be configured for uplink communications and downlink communications.
  • UL and DL may be configured with the same TTIs and/or resource sets. For example, UL and DL may use any combination of a 1-slot TTI, a 2-symbol TTI, and/or a 1 ms TTI.
  • the ULL resource set can be separately configured for different sets of subframes.
  • different TTIs and/or different resource sets may be configured for different subframes or different subsets of subframes.
  • the ULL resource configuration may be applicable for only a subset of subframes and ULL service may not be supported (or supported in the entire bandwidth) for the other subframes. This may be applicable, for example, to time division duplexing (TDD) systems, where ULL may not be enabled for some subframes.
  • TDD time division duplexing
  • one resource configuration may be configured for a subset of subframes and a different resource configuration may be configured for a different subset of subframes.
  • Each set of subframes may be associated with different interference characteristics.
  • NB-IoT and eMTC may use some RBs in a subset of subframes, thus, a subframe dependent ULL resource set allocation may facilitate co-existence with other services.
  • a subset of system bandwidth may be managed for the TTI.
  • resource assignment in downlink control information (e.g., at least one field of the DCI) can be designed based on the entire system bandwidth. This approach may facilitate interaction of CSI measurement reporting across different TTIs (e.g., 1-ms TTI vs. 1-slot TTI).
  • differential CQI may be supported for 1-slot TTI with respect to the CQI reported based on 1-ms TTI, when both TTIs have the same CSI measurement bandwidth.
  • the resource assignment in DCI can be based on the configured ULL resource set. For example, if only half of the system bandwidth is configured for a TTI, the resource allocation information field in the DCI can be based on the configured half system bandwidth for that TTI.
  • channel state information (CSI) feedback for ULL may be based on the entire bandwidth.
  • the UE may perform measurements for CSI feedback based on the entire bandwidth.
  • the CSI feedback for ULL may be based on the configured ULL resource (e.g., ULL bandwidth). For example, if only half the system bandwidth is configured for a TTI, the UE may perform measurements for CSI feedback based on the half system bandwidth for that TTI. The UE may also perform CSI feedback based on the half system bandwidth for that TTI.
  • CSI measurement complexity may be reduced (e.g., due to reduced CSI measurement bandwidth) and/or CSI feedback overhead may be reduced (e.g., due to reduced CSI measurement bandwidth).
  • the ULL bandwidth (e.g., RBs) for a TTI can be shared across base stations.
  • information regarding ULL resource management may be exchanged (e.g., between BSs) via a backhaul.
  • the BS may determine the information regarding the sets of resources for the different TTIs based on information received via the backhaul, and may utilize this information for enhanced interference management.
  • the BS may also indicate such information to the UEs served by the BS for improved interference handling at the UE. Exchanging backhaul information may enhance inter-cell interference coordination.
  • the methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the described method.
  • the method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.
  • a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c).
  • determining encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure), ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
  • a device may have an interface to output a frame for transmission.
  • a processor may output a frame, via a bus interface, to an RF front end for transmission.
  • a device may have an interface to obtain a frame received from another device.
  • a processor may obtain (or receive) a frame, via a bus interface, from an RF front end for transmission.
  • the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions.
  • the means may include various hardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s), including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or processor.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • means for determining, means for indicating, means for receiving, means for communicating, means for signaling, means for performing, and/or means for transmitting may comprise a processing system, which may include one or more processors, such as the TX processor 616 , transmitter(s) 618 , and/or the controller/processor 675 of the wireless base station 610 illustrated in FIG. 6 , and/or the TX processor 668 , the transmitter(s) 654 , and/or the controller/processor 659 of the user equipment 650 illustrated in FIG. 6 ; a transmitter, which may include TX processor 616 , transmitter(s) 618 , and/or the antenna(s) 620 of the wireless base station 610 illustrated in FIG.
  • such means for may include corresponding components of a network entity, such as an MME.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • an example hardware configuration may comprise a processing system in a wireless node.
  • the processing system may be implemented with a bus architecture.
  • the bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints.
  • the bus may link together various circuits including a processor, machine-readable media, and a bus interface.
  • the bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter, among other things, to the processing system via the bus.
  • the network adapter may be used to implement the signal processing functions of the PHY layer.
  • a user interface e.g., keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.
  • the bus may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
  • the processor may be implemented with one or more general-purpose and/or special-purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuitry that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality for the processing system depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
  • the functions may be stored or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • the processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including the execution of software modules stored on the machine-readable storage media.
  • a computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the machine-readable media may include a transmission line, a carrier wave modulated by data, and/or a computer readable storage medium with instructions stored thereon separate from the wireless node, all of which may be accessed by the processor through the bus interface.
  • the machine-readable media, or any portion thereof may be integrated into the processor, such as the case may be with cache and/or general register files.
  • machine-readable storage media may include, by way of example, RAM (Random Access Memory), flash memory, phase change memory, ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • flash memory Phase change memory
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • registers magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage medium, or any combination thereof.
  • the machine-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product.
  • a software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media.
  • the computer-readable media may comprise a number of software modules.
  • the software modules include instructions that, when executed by an apparatus such as a processor, cause the processing system to perform various functions.
  • the software modules may include a transmission module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or be distributed across multiple storage devices.
  • a software module may be loaded into RAM from a hard drive when a triggering event occurs.
  • the processor may load some of the instructions into cache to increase access speed.
  • One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general register file for execution by the processor.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared (IR), radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray® disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers.
  • computer-readable media may comprise non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., tangible media).
  • computer-readable media may comprise transitory computer-readable media (e.g., a signal). Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • certain aspects may comprise a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein.
  • a computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium having instructions stored (and/or encoded) thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein.
  • modules and/or other appropriate means for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a wireless node and/or base station as applicable.
  • a wireless node and/or base station can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein.
  • various methods described herein can be provided via storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a wireless node and/or base station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to the device.
  • storage means e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.

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US15/443,780 US20170265169A1 (en) 2016-03-10 2017-02-27 Methods and apparatus for resource management for ultra low latency (ull) and legacy transmissions
BR112018068014A BR112018068014A2 (pt) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 métodos e aparelhos para o gerenciamento de recursos para transmissões com latência ultrabaixa (ull) e legadas
KR1020187025609A KR102828512B1 (ko) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 Ull(ultra low latency) 및 레거시 송신들에 대한 리소스 관리를 위한 방법들 및 장치
CN202311047881.8A CN116847466A (zh) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 用于超低延时（ull）和传统传输的资源管理的方法和装置
EP17711414.7A EP3427530A1 (en) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 Methods and apparatus for resource management for ultra low latency (ull) and legacy transmissions
JP2018547344A JP6953421B2 (ja) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 超低レイテンシ（ｕｌｌ）送信およびレガシ送信のためのリソース管理のための方法および装置
PCT/US2017/019918 WO2017155738A1 (en) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 Methods and apparatus for resource management for ultra low latency (ull) and legacy transmissions
CN201780015927.4A CN108713341A (zh) 2016-03-10 2017-02-28 用于超低延时（ull）和传统传输的资源管理的方法和装置
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CN108713341A (zh) 2018-10-26
EP3427530A1 (en) 2019-01-16
US20200112947A1 (en) 2020-04-09
KR20180122343A (ko) 2018-11-12
BR112018068014A2 (pt) 2019-01-08
WO2017155738A1 (en) 2017-09-14
US11323993B2 (en) 2022-05-03
JP6953421B2 (ja) 2021-10-27
JP2019509683A (ja) 2019-04-04
KR102828512B1 (ko) 2025-07-01
CN116847466A (zh) 2023-10-03

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