US20170217992A1 - Organic electroluminescent compounds and organic electroluminescent devices comprising the same - Google Patents

Organic electroluminescent compounds and organic electroluminescent devices comprising the same Download PDF

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US20170217992A1
US20170217992A1 US15/501,260 US201515501260A US2017217992A1 US 20170217992 A1 US20170217992 A1 US 20170217992A1 US 201515501260 A US201515501260 A US 201515501260A US 2017217992 A1 US2017217992 A1 US 2017217992A1
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organic electroluminescent
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Ji-Song Jun
Sang-Hee Cho
Kyoung-Jin Park
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Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials Korea Ltd
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    • C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
    • C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
    • C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
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    • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D491/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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    • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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    • C07D493/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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    • C07D495/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
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    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same.
  • organic electroluminescent device Since a double-layered, small molecular, green light-emitting organic electroluminescent device (OLED) was firstly developed by Tang, et al., of Eastman Kodak in 1987, which comprises TPD/Alq 3 as a light-emitting layer and a charge transport layer, the development of organic electroluminescent devices has been rapidly achieved, and thus organic electroluminescent devices have currently reached commercialization. At present, an organic electroluminescent device usually uses phosphorescent materials having high luminous efficiency for the realization of panels.
  • OLED organic electroluminescent device
  • blue light-emitting phosphorescent materials have the following disadvantages: Due to the disappearance of excessive formed excitons, roll-off at high current is reduced thereby resulting in degradation of characteristics; blue light-emitting phosphorescent materials have a problem with respect to long-term storage stability; and color purity is rapidly reduced with the passage of time, and thus it is difficult to realize a full-color display.
  • Fluorescent light-emitting materials which are currently used also have many problems.
  • fluorescent light-emitting materials have lower efficiency than phosphorescent light-emitting materials in a material aspect.
  • Korean Patent Application Laying-open No. 10-2012-0092550 discloses an organic electroluminescent device in which a blocking layer comprising aromatic heterocyclic derivatives having an azine ring is disposed between an electron injection layer and a light-emitting layer.
  • Japanese Patent No. 4947909 presents a blue fluorescent light-emitting device comprising an electron buffer layer, which efficiently injects electrons to a light-emitting layer compared with Alq 3 and controls the movement of electrons, and thereby prevents the reduction of driving voltage and the degradation due to the light-emitting at an interface, and improves the lifespan of the device.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long driving lifespan.
  • W represents O or S
  • X represents O, S, or NR 11 ;
  • R 1 to R 11 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri
  • the heteroaryl group contains at least one hetero atom selected from B, N, O, S, Si, and P.
  • the organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention can provide an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage and high luminous efficiency such as current efficiency and power efficiency, and showing good color purity and improved lifespan.
  • the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent compound represented by formula 1 and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same.
  • the organic electroluminescent compound represented by formula 1 will be described in detail as follows.
  • alkyl may be specifically exemplified as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, etc.
  • Cycloalkyl may be specifically exemplified as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
  • “3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl” is a cycloalkyl having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, Si, and P, preferably O, S, and N, and 3 to 7 ring backbone atoms, and includes tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, thiolan, tetrahydropyran, etc.
  • Aryl(ene) is a monocyclic or fused ring-based radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon; contains spiro compounds in which two rings are linked by one atom, and includes phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, binaphthyl, phenylnaphthyl, naphthylphenyl, fluorenyl, phenylfluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenylphenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, tetracenyl, perylenyl, chrysenyl, naphthacenyl, fluoranthenyl, spirobifluorenyl, etc.
  • “3- to 30-membered heteroaryl(ene)” is an aryl group having at least one, preferably 1 to 4, heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, Si, and P, preferably O, S, and N, and 3 to 30 ring backbone atoms; is a monocyclic ring, or a fused ring condensed with at least one benzene ring; may be partially saturated; may be one formed by linking at least one heteroaryl or aryl group to a heteroaryl group via a single bond(s); and includes a monocyclic ring-type heteroaryl including furyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl,
  • Halogen includes F, Cl, Br, and I.
  • substituted in the expression “substituted or unsubstituted” means that a hydrogen atom in a certain functional group is replaced with another atom or group, i.e., a substituent.
  • Substituents of the substituted alkyl group, the substituted aryl group, the substituted heteroaryl group, the substituted cycloalkyl group, the substituted alkoxy group, the substituted trialkylsilyl group, the substituted dialkylarylsilyl group, the substituted alkyldiarylsilyl group, the substituted triarylsilyly group, the substituted mono- or di-alkylamino group, the substituted mono- or di-arylamino group, the substituted alkylarylamino group, and the substituted mono- or polycyclic, alicyclic or aromatic ring in R 1 to R 11 of formula 1 are each independently at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium; a halogen; a cyano group; a carboxyl group; a nitro group; a hydroxyl group; a (C1-C30)alkyl group; a halo(C1-C30)alkyl group; a (C1
  • W in formula 1 represents O or S.
  • X in formula 1 represents O, S, or NR 11 .
  • R 1 to R 11 in formula 1 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstit
  • R 1 to R 10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) alicyclic or aromatic ring; and, more preferably, hydrogen, or a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) aromatic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C12)aryl group.
  • R 11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; and more preferably, a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group, or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
  • W represents 0 or S
  • X represents O, S, or NR 11
  • R 1 to R 10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) alicyclic or aromatic ring
  • R 11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
  • W represents O or S
  • X represents O, S, or NR 11
  • R 1 to R 10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) aromatic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C12)aryl group; and R 11 represents a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group, or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroary
  • the compound of formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds, but is not limited thereto:
  • organic electroluminescent compound according to the present invention can be prepared by known methods to one skilled in the art, and can be prepared, for example, according to the following reaction scheme 1:
  • W, X, and R 1 to R 10 are as defined in formula 1; Hal represents a halogen; and n represents 0 or 1.
  • the present invention further provides an electron buffer material comprising the organic electroluminescent compound of formula 1, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the electron buffer material.
  • the electron buffer material can be comprised of the organic electroluminescent compound of formula 1 of the present invention alone, or can further include conventional materials generally used in organic electroluminescent materials.
  • the organic electroluminescent compound of formula 1 may be used in organic electroluminescent materials other than the electron buffer material.
  • Such organic electroluminescent materials may be preferably a host material, and, more preferably, a phosphorescent host material. If the organic electroluminescent material is used as a host material, it may further include a second host material as described below, in addition to the compound of formula 1.
  • the organic electroluminescent device may comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and at least one organic layer between the first and second electrodes, wherein the organic layer comprises at least one compound of formula 1.
  • the organic layer may comprise a light-emitting layer, and may further comprise at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an interlayer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, and an electron buffer layer.
  • the compound of formula 1 of the present invention can be included in the light-emitting layer. If included in the light-emitting layer, the compound of formula 1 of the present invention can be contained as a host material, preferably, a phosphorescent host material. Preferably, the light-emitting layer may further comprise at least one dopant, and further comprise compounds other than the compound of formula 1 of the present invention as a second host material, if necessary.
  • a first host material (the compound of formula 1) and the second host material may be present in the range of 1:99 to 99:1 in a weight ratio.
  • the second host material can be any of known phosphorescent host materials and preferably, is selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the following formulae 2 to 6 in view of luminous efficiency:
  • A represents —O— or —S—
  • R 21 to R 24 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroaryl group, or —SiR 25 R 26 R 27 ;
  • R 25 to R 27 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group;
  • L 4 represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroarylene group;
  • M represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroaryl group;
  • Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represent —O—, —S—, —N(R 31 )—, or —C(R 32 )(R 33 )—; and Y 1 and Y 2 are not simultaneously present;
  • R 31 to R 33 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroaryl group; and R 32 and R 33 may be the same or different;
  • h and i each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3;
  • j, k, I, and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.
  • each (Cz-L 4 ), each (Cz), each R 21 , each R 22 , each R 23 , or each R 24 may be the same or different.
  • the second host material preferably includes the following:
  • TPS represents a triphenylsilyl group.
  • the dopants are preferably one or more phosphorescent dopants.
  • the phosphorescent dopant material applied to the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is not specifically limited, but preferably may be selected from complex compounds of iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt), more preferably ortho-metallated complex compounds of iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt), and even more preferably ortho-metallated iridium complex compounds.
  • the dopant included in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulae 7 to 9:
  • L is selected from the following structures:
  • R 100 represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group;
  • R 101 to R 109 and R 111 to R 123 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a (C1-C30)alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen(s), a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group; and R 106 to R 109 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, fluorene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, dibenzothiophene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, or dibenzofuran which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group; R 120 to R 123
  • R 124 to R 127 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group; R 124 to R 127 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, fluorene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, dibenzothiophene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, or dibenzofuran which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group;
  • R 201 to R 211 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a (C1-C30)alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with halogen(s), a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group;
  • R 208 to R 211 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, fluorene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, dibenzothiophene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, or dibenzofuran which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group;
  • f and g each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3; where f or g is an integer of 2 or more, each R 100 may be the same or different; and
  • n an integer of 1 to 3.
  • the dopant compound includes the following:
  • the organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention may comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and at least one organic layer between the first and second electrodes, wherein the organic layer comprises the materials for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention.
  • the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention comprises the organic electroluminescent compound of formula I in an organic layer and may further include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of arylamine-based compounds and styrylarylamine-based compounds in the organic layer.
  • an organic layer may further comprise at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Group 1, metals of Group 2, transition metals of the 4 th period, transition metals of the 5 th period, lanthanides, and organic metals of d-transition elements of the Periodic Table, or at least one complex compound comprising the metal; or may further comprise at least one of a light-emitting layer and a charge generating layer.
  • the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention may emit white light by further comprising at least one light-emitting layer which comprises a blue light-emitting compound, a red light-emitting compound, or a green light-emitting compound which is known in the art, in addition to the compound of the present invention; and may further include a yellow or orange light-emitting layer, if necessary.
  • a surface layer selected from a chalcogenide layer, a metal halide layer, and a metal oxide layer may be placed on an inner surface(s) of one or both electrode(s).
  • a chalcogenide (including oxides) layer of silicon or aluminum is placed on an anode surface of a light-emitting medium layer, and a metal halide layer or metal oxide layer is placed on a cathode surface of an electroluminescent medium layer.
  • the surface layer provides operating stability for the organic electroluminescent device.
  • the chalcogenide includes SiO x (1 ⁇ X ⁇ 2), AlO x (1 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.5), SiON, SiAlON, etc.;
  • the metal halide includes LiF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 , a rare earth metal fluoride, etc.; and the metal oxide includes Cs 2 O, Li 2 O, MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, etc.
  • a mixed region of an electron transport compound and a reductive dopant, or a mixed region of a hole transport compound and an oxidative dopant may be placed on at least one surface of a pair of electrodes.
  • an electron transport compound is reduced to an anion, and thus it becomes easier to inject and transport electrons from the mixed region to a light-emitting medium.
  • a hole transport compound is oxidized to a cation, and thus it becomes easier to inject and transport holes from the mixed region to a light-emitting medium.
  • an oxidative dopant includes various Lewis acids and acceptor compounds; and a reductive dopant includes alkali metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metals, rare-earth metals, and mixtures thereof.
  • a reductive dopant layer may be employed as a charge generating layer to prepare an organic electroluminescent device having two or more light-emitting layers and emitting white light.
  • dry film-forming methods such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, plasma, ion plating methods, etc.
  • wet film-forming methods such as spin coating, dip coating, flow coating methods, etc.
  • a thin film is formed by dissolving or dispersing materials constituting each layer in suitable solvents, such as ethanol, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.
  • suitable solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.
  • the solvents are not specifically limited as long as the materials constituting each layer is soluble or dispersible in the solvents, which do not cause any problems in forming a layer.
  • organic electroluminescent compounds of the present invention the preparation method thereof, and the properties of devices comprising the compounds will be explained in detail with reference to the representative compounds of the present invention.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 PRODUCTION OF A BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE WHICH DOES NOT COMPRISE AN ELECTRON BUFFER LAYER
  • An OLED device was produced as follows: A transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film (15 ⁇ /sq) on a glass substrate for an OLED device (GEOMATEC CO., LTD., Japan) was subjected to an ultrasonic washing by sequentially using acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, and was then stored in isopropanol. Next, the ITO substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • N 4 ,N 4′ -diphenyl-N 4 ,N 4′ -bis(9-pnenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine was introduced into a cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and the pressure in the chamber of the apparatus was then controlled to 10 ⁇ 6 torr. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole injection layer having a thickness of 60 nm on the ITO substrate.
  • 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole injection layer having a thickness of 5 nm on the first hole injection layer.
  • N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • the two materials were evaporated at a different rate and the dopant was deposited in a doping amount of 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the host and dopant, to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 20 nm on the second hole transport layer.
  • 2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as an electron transport material was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and lithium quinolate was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • the two materials were evaporated at the same rate and doped in a doping amount of 50 wt %, respectively, to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 35 nm on the light-emitting layer.
  • an Al cathode having a thickness of 80 nm was then deposited by another vacuum vapor deposition apparatus on the electron injection layer.
  • All the materials used for producing the OLED device were purified by vacuum sublimation at 10 ⁇ 6 torr prior to use.
  • the driving voltage at the luminance of 1,000 nit, the luminous efficiency, the CIE color coordinate, and the time taken for the light-emission to be reduced from 100% to 90% at the luminance of 2,000 nit (T90 lifespan) of the OLED device produced as above are provided in Table 2 below.
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the thickness of an electron transport layer was reduced to 30 nm, and an electron buffer layer comprising compound A-27 and having a thickness of 5 nm was inserted between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer. Evaluation results of the OLED device produced in Device Example 1 are provided in Table 2 below.
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 1, except that the electron buffer layer was changed to one comprising compound A-133. Evaluation results of the OLED device produced in Device Example 2 are provided in Table 2 below.
  • the electron buffer layer of the present invention has fast electron current property, and thus Device Examples 1 and 2 provide high efficiency and long lifespan compared with Comparative Example 1 having no electron buffer layer.
  • the electron buffer layer can improve the problem that when organic electroluminescent materials are exposed to a high temperature in the process of the manufacture of panels, the current properties of the device may be changed in the devices thereby changing the light-emitting luminance.
  • the properties of compounds included in the electron buffer layer are important.
  • the compound of formula 1 has the structure in which a benzene ring of fluorene in the spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] backbone is fused to benzofuran, benzothiophene, or indole.
  • each of the fluorene and the xanthene derivative in the spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] forms a planar structure, thereby forming a tetra-substituted structure based on the center of a spiro structure, and thus the dihedral angle of the two planes is almost 90° which provides a rectangular form.
  • electron injection can be controlled by the electron affinity LUMO energy value of an electron buffer layer, by disposing the electron buffer layer between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode.
  • LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
  • HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital
  • DFT Density Functional Theory
  • the LUMO energy value of the electron buffer layer may be larger than the LUMO energy value of the host compounds.
  • a difference between the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be equal to or less than 0.3 eV.
  • the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be 1.9 eV and 1.6 eV, respectively.
  • the difference between the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be 0.3 eV.
  • the LUMO barrier between the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be a factor to increase driving voltage.
  • the electron buffer layer comprises the compound of formula 1, it is easier to transport electrons to the host compound compared with other compounds than the compound of formula 1.
  • the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long driving lifespan.
  • the LUMO energy value of the electron buffer layer corresponds to the LUMO energy value of the compound of formula 1 included in the electron buffer layer.
  • an electron transport zone indicates a zone which transports electrons from a second electrode to a light-emitting layer.
  • the electron transport zone may comprise an electron transport compound, a reducing dopant, or the combination thereof.
  • the electron transport compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of oxazole-, isoxazole-, triazole-, isothiazole-, oxadiazole-, thiadiazole-, perylene-, and anthracene-based compounds, aluminum complexes, and gallium complexes.
  • the reducing dopant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal, an alkaline metal compound, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a halide thereof, an oxide thereof, and a complex thereof.
  • the electron transport zone may further comprise an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or both of them. Each of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer may be comprised of two or more layers.
  • the LUMO energy value of an electron buffer layer may be smaller or larger than the LUMO energy value of an electron transport zone. For example, the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the electron transport zone may be 1.9 eV and 1.8 eV, respectively.
  • the difference between the LUMO energy values of the layer and the zone may be 0.1 eV.
  • the electron buffer layer has the LUMO energy value as recited above, it is easy to inject electrons to a light-emitting layer through the electron buffer layer.
  • the LUMO energy value of the electron transport zone may be 1.7 eV or higher, or 1.9 eV or higher.
  • the LUMO energy level of the electron buffer layer may be higher than the LUMO energy levels of the host compound and the electron transport zone.
  • the LUMO energy levels may have the following relationship: the electron buffer layer>the electron transport zone>the host compound.
  • an electron buffer layer comprising the compound of formula 1 easily transports electrons to a light-emitting layer, and thus the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention can have low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long driving lifespan.
  • LUMO energy values can be easily determined by using various known methods.
  • LUMO energy levels can be determined by using cyclic voltammetry or ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS).
  • UPS ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy
  • one skilled in the art can easily recognize an electron buffer layer, a host material, and an electron transport zone which satisfy the relationship of the LUMO energy levels of the present invention and practice the present invention.
  • HOMO energy levels can also be easily determined in the same manner as used for the LUMO energy levels.
  • An OLED device by using an organic electroluminescent compound according to the present invention was produced as follows: A transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film (15 ⁇ /sq) on a glass substrate for an OLED device (GEOMATEC CO., LTD., Japan) was subjected to an ultrasonic washing by sequentially using trichloroethylene, acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, and was then stored in isopropanol. Next, the ITO substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • N 4 ,N 4′ -diphenyl-N 4 ,N 4′ -bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine was introduced into a cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and the pressure in the chamber of the apparatus was then controlled to 10 ⁇ 6 torr. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole injection layer having a thickness of 80 nm on the ITO substrate.
  • 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole injection layer having a thickness of 3 nm on the first hole injection layer.
  • N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • a light-emitting layer was then deposited as follows.
  • Compound A-27 as a host was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and compound D-1 as a dopant was introduced into another cell of the apparatus.
  • the two materials were evaporated at a different rate and the dopant was deposited in a doping amount of 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the host and dopant, to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer.
  • the produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 2.66 mA/cm 2 and a luminance of 1350 cd/m 2 at 2.7 V.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 2, except that compound B-1 was used as a host and compound D-1 was used as a dopant in the light-emitting material, thereby depositing a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer.
  • the produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 2.59 mA/cm 2 and a luminance of 1060 cd/m 2 at 4.8 V.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3 PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 2, except that 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazol-biphenyl was used as a host and compound D-1 was used as a dopant in the light-emitting material, thereby depositing a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer; aluminum(III) bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)-4-phenyl phenolate as a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 10 nm was deposited; and 2,4-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-6-(naphthalene-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and lithium quinolate were evaporated at the rate of 4:6 on another two cells to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 25 nm on the hole blocking layer.
  • the produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 4.18 mA/cm 2 and a luminance of 1890 cd/m 2 at 5.6 V.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4 PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 2, except that compound B-2 was used as a host and compound D-1 was used as a dopant in the light-emitting material, thereby depositing a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer.
  • the produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 2.39 mA/cm 2 and a luminance of 1040 cd/m 2 at 3.0 V.
  • the organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention has better luminous property than that of conventional materials.
  • the device using the organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention as a host material has excellent luminous property and reduces the driving voltage, thereby increasing the power efficiency and improving the consumption of electric power.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced as follows: A transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film (15 ⁇ /sq) on a glass substrate for an OLED device (GEOMATEC CO., LTD., Japan) was subjected to an ultrasonic washing by sequentially using acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, and was then stored in isopropanol. Next, the ITO substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • N 4 ,N 4′ -diphenyl-N 4 ,N 4′ -bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine was introduced into a cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and the pressure in the chamber of the apparatus was then controlled to 10 ⁇ 6 torr. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole injection layer having a thickness of 60 nm on the ITO substrate.
  • 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole injection layer having a thickness of 5 nm on the first hole injection layer.
  • N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus.
  • Compound BH-1 as a host was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and compound BD-1 as a dopant was introduced into another cell of the apparatus.
  • the two materials were evaporated at a different rate and the dopant was deposited in a doping amount of 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the host and dopant, to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 20 nm on the second hole transport layer.
  • OLED devices were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5, except that an electron transport material was changed as shown in Table 3 below. Evaluation results of the OLED devices produced in Comparative Example 5, and Device Examples 4 and 5 are provided in Table 3 below.
  • the electron transport layer of the present invention has fast electron current property, and thus Device Examples 4 and 5 provide high efficiency compared with Comparative Example 5.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By using the organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage and excellent luminous efficiency such as current efficiency and power efficiency, emitting color of high purity, and having improved lifespan.

Description

    TECHNICAL FIELD
  • The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same.
    • BACKGROUND ART
  • Since a double-layered, small molecular, green light-emitting organic electroluminescent device (OLED) was firstly developed by Tang, et al., of Eastman Kodak in 1987, which comprises TPD/Alq3 as a light-emitting layer and a charge transport layer, the development of organic electroluminescent devices has been rapidly achieved, and thus organic electroluminescent devices have currently reached commercialization. At present, an organic electroluminescent device usually uses phosphorescent materials having high luminous efficiency for the realization of panels. In the case of organic electroluminescent devices emitting red or green light, although organic electroluminescent devices using phosphorescent materials have been successfully commercialized, blue light-emitting phosphorescent materials have the following disadvantages: Due to the disappearance of excessive formed excitons, roll-off at high current is reduced thereby resulting in degradation of characteristics; blue light-emitting phosphorescent materials have a problem with respect to long-term storage stability; and color purity is rapidly reduced with the passage of time, and thus it is difficult to realize a full-color display.
  • Fluorescent light-emitting materials which are currently used also have many problems. First, when they are exposed to a high temperature in the process of the manufacture of panels, current properties may be changed in the organic electroluminescent devices thereby changing the light-emitting luminance, and due to the structural nature, luminance may be reduced according to the reduction in properties of an interface between a light-emitting layer and an electron injection layer. Furthermore, fluorescent light-emitting materials have lower efficiency than phosphorescent light-emitting materials in a material aspect. Although the efficiency improvement was attempted by certain fluorescent light-emitting materials such as the combination of anthracene-based host and pyrene-based dopant, since the materials have a large hole trap, they have a tendency to emit light at the interface with the light-emitting zone in a light-emitting layer being biased toward a hole transport layer. Such light-emitting at the interface not only reduces the lifespan of organic electroluminescent devices but also does not achieve satisfactory efficiency.
  • The above problems of fluorescent light-emitting materials are no longer possible to be overcome by the mere improvement of materials per se. Thus, attempts are currently being made to change charge movement properties by improving charge transport materials or solve the problems by developing optimized device structures.
  • Korean Patent Application Laying-open No. 10-2012-0092550 discloses an organic electroluminescent device in which a blocking layer comprising aromatic heterocyclic derivatives having an azine ring is disposed between an electron injection layer and a light-emitting layer.
  • Japanese Patent No. 4947909 presents a blue fluorescent light-emitting device comprising an electron buffer layer, which efficiently injects electrons to a light-emitting layer compared with Alq3 and controls the movement of electrons, and thereby prevents the reduction of driving voltage and the degradation due to the light-emitting at an interface, and improves the lifespan of the device.
  • Chinese Patent Application Laying-open No. CN 101870865, and International Publication Nos. WO 2013/149958 A1 and WO 2014/072017 A1 disclose spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] derivatives.
  • However, none of the above literature disclose organic electroluminescent compounds in which a benzene ring of the fluorene in the spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] backbone is fused with benzofuran, benzothiophene, or indole.
    • DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved
  • The object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long driving lifespan.
    • Solution to Problems
  • The above objective can be achieved by an organic electroluminescent compound represented by the following formula 1:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00001
  • wherein
  • W represents O or S;
  • X represents O, S, or NR11;
  • R1 to R11 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or polycyclic, (C3-C30) alicyclic or aromatic ring, whose carbon atom(s) may be replaced with at least one hetero atom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and
  • the heteroaryl group contains at least one hetero atom selected from B, N, O, S, Si, and P.
    • Effects of the Invention
  • The organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention can provide an organic electroluminescent device having low driving voltage and high luminous efficiency such as current efficiency and power efficiency, and showing good color purity and improved lifespan.
    • EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
  • Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. However, the following description is intended to explain the invention, and is not meant in any way to restrict the scope of the invention.
  • The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent compound represented by formula 1 and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same.
  • The organic electroluminescent compound represented by formula 1 will be described in detail as follows.
  • Herein, “alkyl” may be specifically exemplified as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, etc. “Cycloalkyl” may be specifically exemplified as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. “3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl” is a cycloalkyl having at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, Si, and P, preferably O, S, and N, and 3 to 7 ring backbone atoms, and includes tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, thiolan, tetrahydropyran, etc. “Aryl(ene)” is a monocyclic or fused ring-based radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon; contains spiro compounds in which two rings are linked by one atom, and includes phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, naphthyl, binaphthyl, phenylnaphthyl, naphthylphenyl, fluorenyl, phenylfluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, dibenzofluorenyl, phenanthrenyl, phenylphenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, indenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, tetracenyl, perylenyl, chrysenyl, naphthacenyl, fluoranthenyl, spirobifluorenyl, etc. “3- to 30-membered heteroaryl(ene)” is an aryl group having at least one, preferably 1 to 4, heteroatom selected from the group consisting of B, N, O, S, Si, and P, preferably O, S, and N, and 3 to 30 ring backbone atoms; is a monocyclic ring, or a fused ring condensed with at least one benzene ring; may be partially saturated; may be one formed by linking at least one heteroaryl or aryl group to a heteroaryl group via a single bond(s); and includes a monocyclic ring-type heteroaryl including furyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, furazanyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, etc., and a fused ring-type heteroaryl including benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, carbazolyl, phenoxazinyl, phenanthridinyl, benzodioxolyl, dihydroacridinyl, benzofuroindole, etc. “Halogen” includes F, Cl, Br, and I. Herein, “substituted” in the expression “substituted or unsubstituted” means that a hydrogen atom in a certain functional group is replaced with another atom or group, i.e., a substituent. Substituents of the substituted alkyl group, the substituted aryl group, the substituted heteroaryl group, the substituted cycloalkyl group, the substituted alkoxy group, the substituted trialkylsilyl group, the substituted dialkylarylsilyl group, the substituted alkyldiarylsilyl group, the substituted triarylsilyly group, the substituted mono- or di-alkylamino group, the substituted mono- or di-arylamino group, the substituted alkylarylamino group, and the substituted mono- or polycyclic, alicyclic or aromatic ring in R1 to R11 of formula 1 are each independently at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium; a halogen; a cyano group; a carboxyl group; a nitro group; a hydroxyl group; a (C1-C30)alkyl group; a halo(C1-C30)alkyl group; a (C1-C30)alkoxy group; a (C1-C30)alkylthio group; a (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group; a 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group; a (C6-C30)aryloxy group; a (C6-C30)arylthio group; a 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C30)aryl group; a (C6-C30)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group; a tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl group; a tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl group; a di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl group; a (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl group; an amino group; a mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino group; a mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino group; a (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino group; a (C1-C30)alkylcarbonyl group; a (C1-C30)alkoxycarbonyl group; a (C6-C30)arylcarbonyl group; a di(C6-C30)arylboronyl group; a di(C1-C30)alkylboronyl group; a (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylboronyl group; a (C6-C30)aryl(C1-C30)alkyl group; and a (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl group; and, preferably, at least one selected from the group consisting of a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group which is substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group; a (C6-C18)aryl group; and a (C6-C18)aryl group which is substituted with a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
  • W in formula 1 represents O or S.
  • X in formula 1 represents O, S, or NR11.
  • R1 to R11 in formula 1 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or polycyclic, (C3-C30) alicyclic or aromatic ring, whose carbon atom(s) may be replaced with at least one hetero atom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Preferably, R1 to R10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) alicyclic or aromatic ring; and, more preferably, hydrogen, or a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) aromatic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C12)aryl group.
  • Preferably, R11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; and more preferably, a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group, or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
  • According to one embodiment of the present invention, in formula 1, W represents 0 or S; X represents O, S, or NR11; R1 to R10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) alicyclic or aromatic ring; and R11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
  • According to another embodiment of the present invention, in formula 1, W represents O or S; X represents O, S, or NR11; R1 to R10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a mono- or polycyclic, (C6-C20) aromatic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C12)aryl group; and R11 represents a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group, or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
  • The compound of formula 1 may be selected from the group consisting of the following compounds, but is not limited thereto:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00002
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00003
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00004
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00005
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00006
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00007
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00008
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00009
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00010
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00011
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00012
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00013
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00014
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00015
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00016
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00017
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00018
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00019
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00020
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00021
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00022
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00023
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00024
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00025
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00026
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00027
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00028
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00029
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00030
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00031
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00032
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00033
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00034
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00035
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00036
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00037
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00038
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00039
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00040
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00041
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00042
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00043
  • The organic electroluminescent compound according to the present invention can be prepared by known methods to one skilled in the art, and can be prepared, for example, according to the following reaction scheme 1:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00044
  • wherein
  • W, X, and R1 to R10 are as defined in formula 1; Hal represents a halogen; and n represents 0 or 1.
  • The present invention further provides an electron buffer material comprising the organic electroluminescent compound of formula 1, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the electron buffer material.
  • The electron buffer material can be comprised of the organic electroluminescent compound of formula 1 of the present invention alone, or can further include conventional materials generally used in organic electroluminescent materials.
  • The organic electroluminescent compound of formula 1 may be used in organic electroluminescent materials other than the electron buffer material. Such organic electroluminescent materials may be preferably a host material, and, more preferably, a phosphorescent host material. If the organic electroluminescent material is used as a host material, it may further include a second host material as described below, in addition to the compound of formula 1.
  • The organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention may comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and at least one organic layer between the first and second electrodes, wherein the organic layer comprises at least one compound of formula 1.
  • One of the first electrode and the second electrode can be an anode and the other can be a cathode. The organic layer may comprise a light-emitting layer, and may further comprise at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an interlayer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, and an electron buffer layer.
  • The compound of formula 1 of the present invention can be included in the light-emitting layer. If included in the light-emitting layer, the compound of formula 1 of the present invention can be contained as a host material, preferably, a phosphorescent host material. Preferably, the light-emitting layer may further comprise at least one dopant, and further comprise compounds other than the compound of formula 1 of the present invention as a second host material, if necessary. A first host material (the compound of formula 1) and the second host material may be present in the range of 1:99 to 99:1 in a weight ratio.
  • The second host material can be any of known phosphorescent host materials and preferably, is selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the following formulae 2 to 6 in view of luminous efficiency:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00045
  • wherein
  • Cz represents the following structure:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00046
  • A represents —O— or —S—;
  • R21 to R24 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroaryl group, or —SiR25R26R27;
  • R25 to R27 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group;
  • L4 represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)arylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroarylene group;
  • M represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroaryl group;
  • Y1 and Y2 each independently represent —O—, —S—, —N(R31)—, or —C(R32)(R33)—; and Y1 and Y2 are not simultaneously present;
  • R31 to R33 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 30-membered heteroaryl group; and R32 and R33 may be the same or different;
  • h and i each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3;
  • j, k, I, and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4;
  • where h, i, j, k, I, or m is an integer of 2 or more, each (Cz-L4), each (Cz), each R21, each R22, each R23, or each R24 may be the same or different.
  • Specifically, the second host material preferably includes the following:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00047
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00048
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00049
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00050
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00051
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00052
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00053
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00054
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00055
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00056
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00057
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00058
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00059
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00060
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00061
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00062
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00063
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00064
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00065
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00066
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00067
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00068
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00069
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00070
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00071
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00072
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00073
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00074
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00075
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00076
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00077
  • wherein TPS represents a triphenylsilyl group.
  • The dopants are preferably one or more phosphorescent dopants. The phosphorescent dopant material applied to the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is not specifically limited, but preferably may be selected from complex compounds of iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt), more preferably ortho-metallated complex compounds of iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), copper (Cu), and platinum (Pt), and even more preferably ortho-metallated iridium complex compounds.
  • The dopant included in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulae 7 to 9:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00078
  • wherein
  • L is selected from the following structures:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00079
  • R100 represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group;
  • R101 to R109 and R111 to R123 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a (C1-C30)alkyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen(s), a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group; and R106 to R109 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, fluorene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, dibenzothiophene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, or dibenzofuran which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group; R120 to R123 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, quinoline which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl or aryl group;
  • R124 to R127 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group; R124 to R127 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, fluorene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, dibenzothiophene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, or dibenzofuran which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group;
  • R201 to R211 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a (C1-C30)alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with halogen(s), a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group; R208 to R211 are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused ring, for example, fluorene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, dibenzothiophene which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, or dibenzofuran which is unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group;
  • f and g each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3; where f or g is an integer of 2 or more, each R100 may be the same or different; and
  • n represents an integer of 1 to 3.
  • The dopant compound includes the following:
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00080
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00081
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00082
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00083
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00084
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00085
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00086
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00087
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00088
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00089
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00090
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00091
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00092
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00093
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00094
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00095
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00096
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00097
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00098
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00099
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00100
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00101
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00102
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00103
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00104
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00105
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00106
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00107
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00108
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00109
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00110
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00111
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00112
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00113
    Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00114
  • The organic electroluminescent device according to the present invention may comprise a first electrode, a second electrode, and at least one organic layer between the first and second electrodes, wherein the organic layer comprises the materials for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention.
  • The organic electroluminescent device of the present invention comprises the organic electroluminescent compound of formula I in an organic layer and may further include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of arylamine-based compounds and styrylarylamine-based compounds in the organic layer.
  • In the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, an organic layer may further comprise at least one metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Group 1, metals of Group 2, transition metals of the 4th period, transition metals of the 5th period, lanthanides, and organic metals of d-transition elements of the Periodic Table, or at least one complex compound comprising the metal; or may further comprise at least one of a light-emitting layer and a charge generating layer.
  • In addition, the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention may emit white light by further comprising at least one light-emitting layer which comprises a blue light-emitting compound, a red light-emitting compound, or a green light-emitting compound which is known in the art, in addition to the compound of the present invention; and may further include a yellow or orange light-emitting layer, if necessary.
  • Preferably, in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, at least one layer (hereinafter, “a surface layer”) selected from a chalcogenide layer, a metal halide layer, and a metal oxide layer may be placed on an inner surface(s) of one or both electrode(s). Specifically, it is preferred that a chalcogenide (including oxides) layer of silicon or aluminum is placed on an anode surface of a light-emitting medium layer, and a metal halide layer or metal oxide layer is placed on a cathode surface of an electroluminescent medium layer. The surface layer provides operating stability for the organic electroluminescent device. Preferably, the chalcogenide includes SiOx(1≦X≦2), AlOx(1≦X≦1.5), SiON, SiAlON, etc.; the metal halide includes LiF, MgF2, CaF2, a rare earth metal fluoride, etc.; and the metal oxide includes Cs2O, Li2O, MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, etc.
  • Furthermore, preferably, in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, a mixed region of an electron transport compound and a reductive dopant, or a mixed region of a hole transport compound and an oxidative dopant may be placed on at least one surface of a pair of electrodes. In this case, an electron transport compound is reduced to an anion, and thus it becomes easier to inject and transport electrons from the mixed region to a light-emitting medium. Furthermore, a hole transport compound is oxidized to a cation, and thus it becomes easier to inject and transport holes from the mixed region to a light-emitting medium. Preferably, an oxidative dopant includes various Lewis acids and acceptor compounds; and a reductive dopant includes alkali metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metals, rare-earth metals, and mixtures thereof. A reductive dopant layer may be employed as a charge generating layer to prepare an organic electroluminescent device having two or more light-emitting layers and emitting white light.
  • In order to form each layer constituting the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, dry film-forming methods, such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, plasma, ion plating methods, etc., or wet film-forming methods, such as spin coating, dip coating, flow coating methods, etc., can be used.
  • When using a wet film-forming method, a thin film is formed by dissolving or dispersing materials constituting each layer in suitable solvents, such as ethanol, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc. The solvents are not specifically limited as long as the materials constituting each layer is soluble or dispersible in the solvents, which do not cause any problems in forming a layer.
  • Hereinafter, the organic electroluminescent compounds of the present invention, the preparation method thereof, and the properties of devices comprising the compounds will be explained in detail with reference to the representative compounds of the present invention.
    • EXAMPLE 1: PREPARATION OF COMPOUND A-27
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00115
    • Preparation of Compound 1-1
  • 2-Bromofluorene (30.0 g, 115.0 mmol), phenol (109.0 g, 1157.0 mmol), and methanesulfonic acid (30.0 mL) in a reaction vessel were stirred under reflux for 20 hrs. Upon completing the reaction, the mixture was washed with distilled water and the organic layer was extracted with methylene chloride (MC). After drying the extracted organic layer with MgSO4, the solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator. Thereafter, the obtained product was purified through column chromatography to obtain compound 1-1 (33.6 g, 71%).
    • Preparation of Compound 1-2
  • Compound 1-1 (25.0 g, 60.7 mmol), 2-chloroaniline (11.4 g, 91.1 mmol), palladium acetate (0.54 g, 2.43 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine (2.4 mL, 4.86 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (14.6 g, 151.9 mmol), and toluene (180.0 mL) in a reaction vessel were stirred under reflux for 5 hrs. Upon completing the reaction, the mixture was washed with distilled water and the organic layer was extracted with MC. After drying the extracted organic layer with MgSO4, the solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator. Thereafter, the obtained product was purified through column chromatography to obtain compound 1-2 (16.6 g, 60%).
    • Preparation of Compound 1-3
  • Compound 1-2 (16.6 g, 36.2 mmol), palladium acetate (0.81 g, 3.62 mmol), tricyclohexyl phosphonium tetrafluoroborate (2.6 g, 7.24 mmol), cesium carbonate (35.4 g, 108.7 mmol), and dimethylacetamide (200.0 mL) in a reaction vessel were stirred under reflux for 4 hrs. Upon completing the reaction, the mixture was washed with distilled water and the organic layer was extracted with MC. After drying the extracted organic layer with MgSO4, the solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator. Thereafter, the obtained product was purified through column chromatography to obtain compound 1-3 (11.8 g, 78%).
    • Preparation of compound A-27
  • Compound 1-3 (7.0 g, 16.6 mmol), 2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (7.7 g, 19.9 mmol), palladium acetate (0.37 g, 1.66 mmol), S-phos (1.3 g, 3.32 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (4.7 g, 49.8 mmol), and xylene (90.0 mL) in a reaction vessel were stirred under reflux for 5 hrs. Upon completing the reaction, the mixture was washed with distilled water and the organic layer was extracted with MC. After drying the extracted organic layer with MgSO4, the solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator. Thereafter, the obtained product was purified through column chromatography to obtain compound A-27 (9.0 g, 75%).
  • TABLE 1
    MW UV PL M.P
    A-27 728.84 344 nm 455 nm 257° C.
    • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1: PRODUCTION OF A BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE WHICH DOES NOT COMPRISE AN ELECTRON BUFFER LAYER
  • An OLED device was produced as follows: A transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film (15 Ω/sq) on a glass substrate for an OLED device (GEOMATEC CO., LTD., Japan) was subjected to an ultrasonic washing by sequentially using acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, and was then stored in isopropanol. Next, the ITO substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. N4,N4′-diphenyl-N4,N4′-bis(9-pnenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine was introduced into a cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and the pressure in the chamber of the apparatus was then controlled to 10−6 torr. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole injection layer having a thickness of 60 nm on the ITO substrate. 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole injection layer having a thickness of 5 nm on the first hole injection layer. N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm on the second hole injection layer. Compound HT-2 was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm on the first hole transport layer. After forming the hole injection layers and the hole transport layers, a light-emitting layer was then deposited as follows. Compound BH-1 as a host was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and compound BD-1 as a dopant was introduced into another cell of the apparatus. The two materials were evaporated at a different rate and the dopant was deposited in a doping amount of 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the host and dopant, to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 20 nm on the second hole transport layer. Next, 2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole as an electron transport material was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and lithium quinolate was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. The two materials were evaporated at the same rate and doped in a doping amount of 50 wt %, respectively, to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 35 nm on the light-emitting layer. After depositing lithium quinolate having a thickness of 2 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer, an Al cathode having a thickness of 80 nm was then deposited by another vacuum vapor deposition apparatus on the electron injection layer. Thus, an OLED device was produced. All the materials used for producing the OLED device were purified by vacuum sublimation at 10−6 torr prior to use.
  • The driving voltage at the luminance of 1,000 nit, the luminous efficiency, the CIE color coordinate, and the time taken for the light-emission to be reduced from 100% to 90% at the luminance of 2,000 nit (T90 lifespan) of the OLED device produced as above are provided in Table 2 below.
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00116
    • DEVICE EXAMPLE 1: PRODUCTION OF A BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the thickness of an electron transport layer was reduced to 30 nm, and an electron buffer layer comprising compound A-27 and having a thickness of 5 nm was inserted between the light-emitting layer and the electron transport layer. Evaluation results of the OLED device produced in Device Example 1 are provided in Table 2 below.
    • DEVICE EXAMPLE 2: PRODUCTION OF A BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 1, except that the electron buffer layer was changed to one comprising compound A-133. Evaluation results of the OLED device produced in Device Example 2 are provided in Table 2 below.
  • TABLE 2
    Color Color T90
    Electron Driving Luminous Coor- Coor- Life-
    Buffer Voltage Efficiency dinate dinate span
    Layer (V) (cd/A) (x) (y) (hr)
    Comparative — 4.5 6.1 140 94 41.3
    Example 1
    Device A-27  4.4 6.9 139 92 46.2
    Example 1
    Device A-133 4.4 6.8 139 91 47.5
    Example 2
  • From Table 2 above, the electron buffer layer of the present invention has fast electron current property, and thus Device Examples 1 and 2 provide high efficiency and long lifespan compared with Comparative Example 1 having no electron buffer layer.
  • The electron buffer layer can improve the problem that when organic electroluminescent materials are exposed to a high temperature in the process of the manufacture of panels, the current properties of the device may be changed in the devices thereby changing the light-emitting luminance. In order to secure stability at the exposure to a high temperature while having similar current properties compared to those of a device without an electron buffer layer, the properties of compounds included in the electron buffer layer are important. The compound of formula 1 has the structure in which a benzene ring of fluorene in the spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] backbone is fused to benzofuran, benzothiophene, or indole. In particular, each of the fluorene and the xanthene derivative in the spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] forms a planar structure, thereby forming a tetra-substituted structure based on the center of a spiro structure, and thus the dihedral angle of the two planes is almost 90° which provides a rectangular form. This effectively modulates π-π stacking interactions via the steric hindrance effect. That is, the compound of formula 1 has excellent morphological stability, and thus has Tg (glass transition temperature) of 172° C. which provides very high thermal stability. In this connection, a non-patent literature specifically describes the thermal and oxidation stability of the spiro derivatives (see Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2009, 30, 1745-1750). Furthermore, oxygen as a hetero atom linking to two phenyl rings increases the properties of charge injection and transport, and thus can contribute to fast electron current properties. This may be found in a non-patent literature (see D. Vak et al., Journal of Luminescence, 115 (2005) 109-116). Thus, the compound according to the present invention can greatly contribute to lower driving voltage and improve the lifespan of an organic electroluminescent device. The improvement of properties of devices also has a great effect on guaranteeing stability upon exposure to a high temperature in the process of the manufacture of panels and on improving performance.
  • In an organic electroluminescent device comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer, electron injection can be controlled by the electron affinity LUMO energy value of an electron buffer layer, by disposing the electron buffer layer between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode.
  • LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy value and HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) energy value have inherently negative numbers, but the LUMO energy value and the HOMO energy value in the present invention are conveniently expressed as their absolute values. Furthermore, the comparison between LUMO energy values is based on their absolute values. The LUMO energy value and the HOMO energy value in the present invention are calculated by Density Functional Theory (DFT).
  • In the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, the LUMO energy value of the electron buffer layer may be larger than the LUMO energy value of the host compounds. A difference between the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be equal to or less than 0.3 eV. For example, the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be 1.9 eV and 1.6 eV, respectively. Thus, the difference between the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be 0.3 eV. The LUMO barrier between the electron buffer layer and the host compounds may be a factor to increase driving voltage. However, since the electron buffer layer comprises the compound of formula 1, it is easier to transport electrons to the host compound compared with other compounds than the compound of formula 1. Therefore, the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention has low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long driving lifespan. In the present invention, the LUMO energy value of the electron buffer layer corresponds to the LUMO energy value of the compound of formula 1 included in the electron buffer layer.
  • In the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention, an electron transport zone indicates a zone which transports electrons from a second electrode to a light-emitting layer. The electron transport zone may comprise an electron transport compound, a reducing dopant, or the combination thereof. The electron transport compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of oxazole-, isoxazole-, triazole-, isothiazole-, oxadiazole-, thiadiazole-, perylene-, and anthracene-based compounds, aluminum complexes, and gallium complexes. The reducing dopant may be at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkaline metal, an alkaline metal compound, an alkaline earth metal, a rare-earth metal, a halide thereof, an oxide thereof, and a complex thereof. The electron transport zone may further comprise an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or both of them. Each of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer may be comprised of two or more layers. The LUMO energy value of an electron buffer layer may be smaller or larger than the LUMO energy value of an electron transport zone. For example, the LUMO energy values of the electron buffer layer and the electron transport zone may be 1.9 eV and 1.8 eV, respectively. Thus, the difference between the LUMO energy values of the layer and the zone may be 0.1 eV. Since the electron buffer layer has the LUMO energy value as recited above, it is easy to inject electrons to a light-emitting layer through the electron buffer layer. The LUMO energy value of the electron transport zone may be 1.7 eV or higher, or 1.9 eV or higher. Specifically, the LUMO energy level of the electron buffer layer may be higher than the LUMO energy levels of the host compound and the electron transport zone. For example, the LUMO energy levels may have the following relationship: the electron buffer layer>the electron transport zone>the host compound. In view of the relationship of the LUMO levels of the respective layers, electrons are restricted between the light-emitting layer and the electron buffer layer, and electron injection is inhibited, and thus the driving voltage can be increased. However, an electron buffer layer comprising the compound of formula 1 easily transports electrons to a light-emitting layer, and thus the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention can have low driving voltage, high luminous efficiency, and long driving lifespan.
  • LUMO energy values can be easily determined by using various known methods. Conventionally, LUMO energy levels can be determined by using cyclic voltammetry or ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Thus, one skilled in the art can easily recognize an electron buffer layer, a host material, and an electron transport zone which satisfy the relationship of the LUMO energy levels of the present invention and practice the present invention. HOMO energy levels can also be easily determined in the same manner as used for the LUMO energy levels.
    • DEVICE EXAMPLE 3: PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING AN ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • An OLED device by using an organic electroluminescent compound according to the present invention was produced as follows: A transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film (15 Ω/sq) on a glass substrate for an OLED device (GEOMATEC CO., LTD., Japan) was subjected to an ultrasonic washing by sequentially using trichloroethylene, acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, and was then stored in isopropanol. Next, the ITO substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. N4,N4′-diphenyl-N4,N4′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine was introduced into a cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and the pressure in the chamber of the apparatus was then controlled to 10−6 torr. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole injection layer having a thickness of 80 nm on the ITO substrate. 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole injection layer having a thickness of 3 nm on the first hole injection layer. N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming a hole transport layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the second hole injection layer. After forming the hole injection layers and the hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer was then deposited as follows. Compound A-27 as a host was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and compound D-1 as a dopant was introduced into another cell of the apparatus. The two materials were evaporated at a different rate and the dopant was deposited in a doping amount of 15 wt %, based on the total weight of the host and dopant, to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer. Next, 2,4-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-6-(naphthalene-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and lithium quinolate were evaporated at the rate of 4:6 on another two cells of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 35 nm on the light-emitting layer. After depositing lithium quinolate having a thickness of 2 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer, an Al cathode having a thickness of 80 nm was then deposited by another vacuum vapor deposition apparatus on the electron injection layer. Thus, an OLED device was produced. All the materials used for producing the OLED device were purified by vacuum sublimation at 10−6 torr prior to use.
  • The produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 2.66 mA/cm2 and a luminance of 1350 cd/m2 at 2.7 V.
    • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2: PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 2, except that compound B-1 was used as a host and compound D-1 was used as a dopant in the light-emitting material, thereby depositing a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer.
  • The produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 2.59 mA/cm2 and a luminance of 1060 cd/m2 at 4.8 V.
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00117
    • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3: PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 2, except that 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazol-biphenyl was used as a host and compound D-1 was used as a dopant in the light-emitting material, thereby depositing a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer; aluminum(III) bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)-4-phenyl phenolate as a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 10 nm was deposited; and 2,4-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-6-(naphthalene-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and lithium quinolate were evaporated at the rate of 4:6 on another two cells to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 25 nm on the hole blocking layer.
  • The produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 4.18 mA/cm2 and a luminance of 1890 cd/m2 at 5.6 V.
    • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4: PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced in the same manner as in Device Example 2, except that compound B-2 was used as a host and compound D-1 was used as a dopant in the light-emitting material, thereby depositing a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 40 nm on the hole transport layer.
  • The produced OLED device showed green emission and had a current density of 2.39 mA/cm2 and a luminance of 1040 cd/m2 at 3.0 V.
  • Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00118
  • From the above, it can be seen that the organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention has better luminous property than that of conventional materials.
  • Furthermore, the device using the organic electroluminescent compound of the present invention as a host material has excellent luminous property and reduces the driving voltage, thereby increasing the power efficiency and improving the consumption of electric power.
    • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5: PRODUCTION OF AN OLED DEVICE BY USING CONVENTIONAL ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT COMPOUND
  • An OLED device was produced as follows: A transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film (15 Ω/sq) on a glass substrate for an OLED device (GEOMATEC CO., LTD., Japan) was subjected to an ultrasonic washing by sequentially using acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, and was then stored in isopropanol. Next, the ITO substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. N4,N4′-diphenyl-N4,N4′-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine was introduced into a cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and the pressure in the chamber of the apparatus was then controlled to 10−6 torr. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole injection layer having a thickness of 60 nm on the ITO substrate. 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole injection layer having a thickness of 5 nm on the first hole injection layer. N-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-fluorene-2-amine was introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus. Thereafter, an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the first hole transport layer having a thickness of 20 nm on the second hole injection layer. 9-(naphthalene-2-yl)-3-(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole was then introduced into another cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus, and an electric current was applied to the cell to evaporate the introduced material, thereby forming the second hole transport layer having a thickness of 5 nm on the first hole transport layer. After forming the hole injection layers and the hole transport layers, a light-emitting layer was then deposited as follows. Compound BH-1 as a host was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus and compound BD-1 as a dopant was introduced into another cell of the apparatus. The two materials were evaporated at a different rate and the dopant was deposited in a doping amount of 2 wt %, based on the total weight of the host and dopant, to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 20 nm on the second hole transport layer. Next, 2-(4-(9,10-di(naphthalene-2-Aanthracene-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (compound ETL-1) as an electron transport material was introduced into one cell of the vacuum vapor depositing apparatus to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 35 nm on the light-emitting layer. After depositing lithium quinolate having a thickness of 2 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer, an Al cathode having a thickness of 80 nm was then deposited by another vacuum vapor deposition apparatus on the electron injection layer. Thus, an OLED device was produced. All the materials used for producing the OLED device were purified by vacuum sublimation at 10−6 torr prior to use.
    • DEVICE EXAMPLES 4 AND 5: PRODUCTION OF BLUE LIGHT-EMITTING ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES ACCORDING TO THE PRESENT INVENTION
  • OLED devices were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5, except that an electron transport material was changed as shown in Table 3 below. Evaluation results of the OLED devices produced in Comparative Example 5, and Device Examples 4 and 5 are provided in Table 3 below.
  • TABLE 3
    Electron
    Trans- Driving Luminous Color Color
    port Voltage Efficiency Coordinate Coordinate
    Layer (V) (cd/A) (x) (y)
    Comparative ETL-1 5.0 4.8 142 107
    Example 5
    Device A-27 5.1 7.2 139 93
    Example 4
    Device A-133 5.0 7.1 139 94
    Example 5
  • From Table 3 above, the electron transport layer of the present invention has fast electron current property, and thus Device Examples 4 and 5 provide high efficiency compared with Comparative Example 5.

Claims (6)

1. An organic electroluminescent compound represented by the following formula 1:
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00119
wherein
W represents O or S;
X represents O, S or NR11;
R1 to R11 each independently represent hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C30)aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C3-C30)cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted mono- or polycyclic, (C3-C30) alicyclic or aromatic ring, whose carbon atom(s) may be replaced with at least one hetero atom selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and
the heteroaryl group contains at least one hetero atom selected from B, N, O, S, Si, and P.
2. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituents of the substituted alkyl group, the substituted aryl group, the substituted heteroaryl group, the substituted cycloalkyl group, the substituted alkoxy group, the substituted trialkylsilyl group, the substituted dialkylarylsilyl group, the substituted alkyldiarylsilyl group, the substituted triarylsilyl group, the substituted mono- or di-alkylamino group, the substituted mono- or di-arylamino group, the substituted alkylarylamino group, and the substituted mono- or polycyclic, alicyclic or aromatic ring in R1 to R11 each independently are at least one selected from the group consisting of deuterium, a halogen, a cyano, a carboxyl, a nitro, a hydroxyl, a (C1-C30)alkyl, a halo(C1-C30)alkyl, a (C1-C30)alkoxy, a (C1-C30)alkylthio, a (C3-C30)cycloalkyl, a 3- to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, a (C6-C30)aryloxy, a (C6-C30)arylthio, a 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C30)aryl, a (C6-C30)aryl unsubstituted or substituted with a 3- to 30-membered heteroaryl, a tri(C1-C30)alkylsilyl, a tri(C6-C30)arylsilyl, a di(C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylsilyl, a (C1-C30)alkyldi(C6-C30)arylsilyl, an amino, a mono- or di-(C1-C30)alkylamino, a mono- or di-(C6-C30)arylamino, a (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylamino, a (C1-C30)alkylcarbonyl, a (C1-C30)alkoxycarbonyl, a (C6-C30)arylcarbonyl, a di(C6-C30)arylboronyl, a di(C1-C30)alkylboronyl, a (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)arylboronyl, a (C6-C30)aryl(C1-C30)alkyl, and a (C1-C30)alkyl(C6-C30)aryl.
3. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein
W represents O or S;
X represents O, S or NR11;
R1 to R10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a substituted or unsubstituted, mono- or polycyclic (C6-C20) alicyclic or aromatic ring; and
R11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted (C6-C18)aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
4. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein
W represents O or S;
X represents O, S or NR11;
R1 to R10 each independently represent hydrogen, or a (C6-C18)aryl unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group; or are linked to an adjacent substituent(s) to form a mono- or polycyclic (C6-C20) aromatic ring unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C12)aryl group; and
R11 represents a (C6-C18)aryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group, or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted with a (C6-C18)aryl group or a 5- to 20-membered heteroaryl group.
5. The organic electroluminescent compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound represented by formula 1 is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00120
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00121
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00122
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00123
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00124
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00125
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00126
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00127
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00128
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00129
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00130
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00131
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00132
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00133
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00134
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00135
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00136
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00137
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00138
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00139
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00140
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00141
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00142
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00143
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00144
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00145
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00146
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00147
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00148
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00149
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00150
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00151
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00152
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00153
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00154
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00155
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00156
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00157
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00158
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00159
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00160
Figure US20170217992A1-20170803-C00161
6. An organic electroluminescent device comprising the compound according to claim 1.
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CN106604923B (en) 2022-02-01
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US9732099B1 (en) 2017-08-15
KR20160018406A (en) 2016-02-17
JP2017523970A (en) 2017-08-24
EP3177628B1 (en) 2019-04-17
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EP3177628A1 (en) 2017-06-14
KR102526212B1 (en) 2023-04-28

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