US20170107881A1 - Device for providing a liquid additive - Google Patents
Device for providing a liquid additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170107881A1 US20170107881A1 US15/314,247 US201515314247A US2017107881A1 US 20170107881 A1 US20170107881 A1 US 20170107881A1 US 201515314247 A US201515314247 A US 201515314247A US 2017107881 A1 US2017107881 A1 US 2017107881A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- conducting structure
- ptc heating
- liquid additive
- heating element
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/05—Systems for adding substances into exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
- F01N2610/105—Control thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
- F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
- F01N2900/1811—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for supplying a liquid additive.
- Devices for providing a liquid additive are used for example in the automotive field for supplying a liquid additive to an exhaust-gas treatment device for purification of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
- Exhaust-gas treatment devices in which a liquid additive is used for the purification of exhaust gases are widely used.
- An exhaust-gas purification method particularly commonly implemented in such exhaust-gas treatment devices is the method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR method).
- SCR method nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced with the aid of a reducing agent.
- ammonia is typically used as reducing agent.
- the exhaust-gas treatment device typically has an SCR catalytic converter on which the nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced with the aid of the ammonia.
- Ammonia is generally stored in motor vehicles not directly but rather in the form of a reducing agent precursor solution.
- the reducing agent precursor solution is a liquid additive.
- One reducing agent precursor solution which is particularly frequently used is urea-water solution. A 32.5% urea-water solution is available under the trade name AdBlue®.
- liquid additives can freeze at low temperatures.
- the urea-water solution described above freezes at ⁇ 11° C.
- Such low temperatures may be encountered in particular during a long standstill period of the motor vehicle. After a long standstill period, it may be the case that the liquid additive in the device has frozen completely.
- the device then initially cannot provide any liquid additive. It is known for devices for providing liquid additive to have a heating system for melting frozen liquid additive, such that a provision of liquid additive is possible promptly after a start of operation.
- PTC heating elements are electrical heating elements which are heated by an electrical current flowing through them. They have the additional characteristic that the electrical resistance for the current increases with rising temperature. It is thus achieved that the electrical current automatically decreases at high temperatures. As a result of the decrease of the electrical current, the heating power also decreases. This provides automatic protection of a PTC heating element against overheating.
- a device for providing a liquid additive has at least one PTC heating element which is designed to melt frozen liquid additive in the device, wherein the at least one PTC heating element of the device is received, on both sides, by a two-part heat-conducting structure, wherein a voltage source is connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure such that electrical current can be conducted through the PTC heating element from one heat-conducting structure on one side of the PTC heating element to the heat-conducting structure on the other side of the PTC heating element.
- the device is preferably inserted as an installation unit into a tank.
- the device preferably has a housing, and is arranged on the tank base of the tank.
- the device has, in particular, an intake point at which liquid additive (in particular urea-water solution) be extracted from the tank.
- the device preferably has a line connector to which a metering line for providing the liquid additive can be connected.
- a duct runs through the device from the intake point to the line connector.
- a pump by means of which the liquid additive can be delivered.
- the device has multiple PTC heating elements.
- the PTC heating elements are connected by way of a heat-conducting structure to the housing of the tank.
- a starting volume of liquid additive is situated in the tank around the device.
- the PTC heating elements are designed to heat liquid additive in the starting volume through the housing of the device.
- the heat-conducting structure bears against the housing preferably over a large area, in order that the liquid in the tank can be heated by way of the at least one PTC heating element in an effective manner.
- the PTC heating elements (and normally also the pump of the device) are supplied with electrical current and an electrical voltage by a voltage source of the device via electrical conductors.
- a filter which delimits the starting volume between filter and housing and covers the intake point such that the liquid additive, as it is extracted from the tank, is filtered by means of the filter.
- a further coarse filter which may prevent damage to the filter.
- the liquid additive within the tank (outside the coarse filter) has a temperature.
- the temperature is an operating parameter of the device that may be taken into consideration in the execution of the method.
- connection of the at least one PTC heating element of the device to a heat-conducting structure of the device.
- the at least one PTC heating element of the device is received, on both sides, by a two-part heat-conducting structure, such that the heat from the PTC heating element is conducted to the housing and to the liquid additive in as effective a manner as possible.
- a voltage source is preferably connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure via electrical conductors, such that the electrical current may be conducted through the PTC heating element from one heat-conducting structure on one side of the PTC heating element to the heat-conducting structure on the other side of the PTC heating element.
- the (two-part) heat-conducting structure thus forms, at least in sections, electrical conductors for the contacting of the at least one PTC heating element.
- spacer elements are arranged between the two parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure, such that, firstly, the individual parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure, or the two heat-conducting structures, are electrically insulated with respect to one another, but secondly, a thermally conductive bridge exists between the two parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure or the two heat-conducting structures.
- the spacer elements thus ensure that the heat from the heat-conducting structure arranged on that side of the PTC heating element which is averted from the housing can also be dissipated to the housing.
- the heat-conducting structure is preferably composed of metal, and very particularly preferably composed of aluminum, because aluminum exhibits high thermal conductivity and, at the same time, a low weight.
- the device is advantageous if the spacer elements form a thermally conductive bridge between the two parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure.
- the device has a housing which is inserted in a tank for the liquid additive, wherein the housing is free from liquid additive and the at least one PTC heating element and the two-part heat-conducting structure are situated in the housing.
- the housing is preferably insulated in liquid-tight fashion with respect to the tank.
- the device is furthermore advantageous if the heat-conducting structure bears areally against the housing.
- a (first) part of the heat-conducting structure is preferably of areal form and bears against an inner surface of the wall of the housing of the device.
- the housing of the device is preferably of cylindrical form.
- the inner surface thus preferably forms an inner circumferential surface.
- a (second) part of the heat-conducting structure is preferably likewise of areal form and bears against an upper wall of the housing of the device.
- the second part of the heat-conducting structure preferably has arm-like sections which, at least in sections, are formed parallel to the first part of the heat-conducting structure.
- PTC heating elements are arranged between the arm-like sections of the second part of the heat-conducting structure and the first part of the heat-conducting structure.
- a release of heat to the housing is in this case possible both via the first part of the heat-conducting structure and via the second part of the heat-conducting structure.
- the upper wall of the housing is or is not wetted with liquid additive.
- a significant flow-off of heat via the second part of the heat-conducting structure is to be expected only when the upper wall is wetted with liquid additive.
- heat-conductive connections are arranged between the first part of the heat-conducting structure and the second part of the heat-conducting structure.
- the heat-conductive connections may for example be spacer elements which are arranged adjacent to the PTC heating elements.
- the device is furthermore advantageous if a pump is arranged in the housing, which pump is connected via a duct to an intake point and to a line connector, wherein liquid additive may be extracted from the tank at the intake point, and a metering line for providing the liquid additive may be connected to the line connector.
- the housing is referred to as a “dry” housing, despite the fact that a pump is arranged therein, because, in the housing itself, the liquid additive does not circulate freely, and the housing is therefore dry. Within the housing, the liquid additive is conducted in the duct and in the pump.
- a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine, an exhaust-gas treatment device for purification of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, and a device according to the invention for providing a liquid additive for the exhaust-gas treatment device.
- an SCR catalytic converter by means of which the method of selective catalytic reduction can be carried out.
- the described device is preferably connected to a metering line.
- the metering line leads to a metering device by means of which the liquid additive may be supplied to the exhaust-gas treatment device.
- the metering device preferably has, for this purpose, a nozzle which finely atomizes the liquid additive in the exhaust-gas treatment device (if appropriate with the aid of a pressurized medium such as air) and/or an injector by means of which the liquid additive can be dosed.
- the injector may for example be a valve which is opened and closed electrically.
- FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle having a device
- FIG. 2 shows a tank having a device
- FIG. 3 shows a connection of a PTC heating element to a heat-conducting structure
- FIG. 4 shows another view of the connection as per FIG. 3 ,
- FIG. 5 shows a view into the housing of a device from below
- FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional illustration of a two-part heat-conducting structure
- FIG. 7 shows a detail view of the tank from FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 16 having an internal combustion engine 17 and having an exhaust-gas treatment device 18 for the purification of the exhaust gases 19 of the internal combustion engine 17 .
- An SCR catalytic converter as exhaust-gas purification component 21 is provided in the exhaust-gas treatment device 18 .
- a metering device 20 Provided on the exhaust-gas treatment device 18 is a metering device 20 by means of which the liquid additive 3 can be supplied to the exhaust-gas purification component 21 .
- Liquid additive 3 is supplied from a tank 23 to the metering device 20 via a metering line 22 by a device 2 .
- the liquid additive 3 has a temperature 34 , which is in this case marked by way of example in the tank 23 .
- the device 2 is arranged in surroundings (e.g.
- the device 2 in the vicinity of the fuel tank of the motor vehicle), wherein the surroundings have an ambient temperature 35 , which is in this case marked by way of example outside the tank 23 .
- PTC heating elements (not shown here) which are connected via electrical conductors 4 to a voltage source 5 .
- the device 2 is connected to a monitoring unit 15 .
- FIG. 2 shows, in a side view, a tank 23 into which a device 2 , as an installation unit 9 , has been inserted.
- the device 2 has a housing 26 and is arranged on the tank base 27 of the tank 23 .
- the device 2 has an intake point 29 at which liquid additive 3 (in particular urea-water solution) can be extracted from the tank 23 .
- the device 2 has a line connector 28 to which a metering line 22 for providing the liquid additive 3 can be connected.
- a duct 36 runs through the device 2 from the intake point 29 to the line connector 28 .
- a pump 25 by means of which the liquid additive 3 can be delivered.
- the device 2 has multiple PTC heating elements 1 .
- the PTC heating elements 1 are connected by way of a heat-conducting structure 24 to the housing 26 of the tank 23 .
- a starting volume of liquid additive 3 is situated in the tank 23 around the device 2 .
- the PTC heating elements 1 are designed to heat liquid additive 3 in the starting volume through the housing 26 of the device 2 .
- the PTC heating elements 1 (and the pump 25 ) are supplied with electrical current 10 and an electrical voltage 31 by a voltage source 5 of the device 2 via electrical conductors 4 .
- a filter 30 Around the outside of the housing 26 there is optionally also arranged a filter 30 which delimits the starting volume between filter 30 and housing 26 and covers the intake point 29 such that the liquid additive 3 , as it is extracted from the tank 23 , is filtered by means of the filter 30 .
- a further coarse filter 32 which may prevent damage to the filter 30 .
- the liquid additive 3 within the tank 23 (outside the coarse filter 32 ) has a temperature 34 , where the temperature 34 is an operating parameter 14 of the device 2 that can be taken into consideration in the execution of the method.
- FIG. 3 shows an advantageous connection of a PTC heating element 1 to a heat-conducting structure 24 .
- the illustration shows a wall section of the housing 26 of the device 2 in a view from above (cf. the side view in FIG. 2 ).
- a PTC heating element 1 is received, on both sides, by a two-part heat-conducting structure 24 , such that the heat from the PTC heating element 1 is conducted to the housing 26 and to the liquid additive 3 in as effective a manner as possible.
- a voltage source 5 is connected via electrical conductors 4 to the two-part heat-conducting structure 24 , such that the electrical current 10 is conducted through the PTC heating element 1 from one heat-conducting structure 24 on one side of the PTC heating element 1 to the heat-conducting structure 24 on the other side of the PTC heating element 1 .
- the electrical conductors 4 effective utilization of the PTC material of the PTC heating element 1 is made possible, and at the same time, an effective dissipation of heat is realized.
- the spacer elements 13 are arranged between the two-part heat-conducting structure 24 , such that, firstly, the individual heat-conducting structures 24 are electrically insulated with respect to one another, but secondly, a thermally conductive bridge exists between the heat-conducting structures 24 .
- the spacer elements 13 thus ensure that the heat from the heat-conducting structure 24 arranged on that side of the PTC heating element 1 which is averted from the housing 26 can also be dissipated to the housing 26 .
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of the connection as per FIG. 3 along the section line V indicated in FIG. 3 .
- the heat-conducting structure 24 is arranged, in the vicinity of the housing 26 , within the device 2 .
- the housing 26 is connected to the tank base 27 .
- FIG. 5 shows a view into the housing 26 of a device 2 from below.
- a circumferential wall 6 of the housing 26 and an upper wall 7 of the housing 26 are correspondingly visible.
- a first part 8 of the heat-conducting structure 24 bears against the circumferential wall 6 .
- a second part 9 of the heat-conducting structure bears against the upper wall 6 .
- the second part 9 of the heat-conducting structure 24 has arms 10 which, at least in sections, run parallel to the first part 8 of the heat-conducting structure 24 .
- PTC heating elements 1 are arranged between the arms 10 of the second part 9 and the first part 8 .
- spacer elements 13 are arranged between the arms 10 of the second part 9 and the first part 8 .
- FIG. 6 shows a three-dimensional view of the two-part heat-conducting structure 24 with a first part 8 and with a second part 9 .
- FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of the tank 23 from FIG. 2 with a device 1 . Additionally to the disclosure of FIG. 4 , it can be seen here that the heat-conducting structure 24 is of two-part form with a first part 8 and a second part 9 .
- the invention permits particularly advantageous operation of a device for providing liquid additive.
- functional testing of the heat-conducting connection of PTC heating elements 1 to heat-conducting structures 24 and/or housing 26 is possible. In this way, it can be detected whether possible amendments or repairs (possibly also a replacement of the device) are necessary.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for providing a liquid additive, comprising at least one PTC heating element, which is designed to melt frozen liquid additive in the device; wherein the at least one PTC heating element of the device is held on both sides by a two-part heat-conducting structure, wherein a voltage source is connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure in such a way that electric current can be conducted from the one heat-conducting structure to a side of the PTC heating element and through the PTC heating element to the other heat-conducting structure on the other side of the PTC heating element.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of PCT Application PCT/EP2015/062290, filed Jun. 2, 2015, which claims priority to German Application DE 10 2014 107 863.2, filed Jun. 4, 2014. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.
- The invention relates to a device for supplying a liquid additive.
- Devices for providing a liquid additive are used for example in the automotive field for supplying a liquid additive to an exhaust-gas treatment device for purification of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle. Exhaust-gas treatment devices in which a liquid additive is used for the purification of exhaust gases are widely used.
- An exhaust-gas purification method particularly commonly implemented in such exhaust-gas treatment devices is the method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR method). In said method, nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced with the aid of a reducing agent. Here, ammonia is typically used as reducing agent. The exhaust-gas treatment device typically has an SCR catalytic converter on which the nitrogen oxide compounds in the exhaust gas are reduced with the aid of the ammonia. Ammonia is generally stored in motor vehicles not directly but rather in the form of a reducing agent precursor solution. The reducing agent precursor solution is a liquid additive. One reducing agent precursor solution which is particularly frequently used is urea-water solution. A 32.5% urea-water solution is available under the trade name AdBlue®.
- Upon the start of operation of a device of said type, it is a problem that said liquid additives can freeze at low temperatures. The urea-water solution described above, for example, freezes at −11° C. Such low temperatures may be encountered in particular during a long standstill period of the motor vehicle. After a long standstill period, it may be the case that the liquid additive in the device has frozen completely. The device then initially cannot provide any liquid additive. It is known for devices for providing liquid additive to have a heating system for melting frozen liquid additive, such that a provision of liquid additive is possible promptly after a start of operation.
- As heating means for such devices, PTC (positive temperature coefficient) heating elements are proposed in particular. PTC heating elements are electrical heating elements which are heated by an electrical current flowing through them. They have the additional characteristic that the electrical resistance for the current increases with rising temperature. It is thus achieved that the electrical current automatically decreases at high temperatures. As a result of the decrease of the electrical current, the heating power also decreases. This provides automatic protection of a PTC heating element against overheating.
- In the case of said devices with PTC heating elements, inadequate dissipation of the heat from the PTC heating element is a problem, because the PTC heating element is heated up to a high temperature in a short time, and thereafter conducts only a low electrical current. Thus, in a short time, the heating power is limited in self-regulating fashion, such that the desired heating function is realized only to a small extent.
- It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve or at least alleviate the technical problems highlighted in connection with the prior art. It is sought in particular to propose a particularly advantageous device having at least one PTC heating element.
- These objects are achieved by means of a device according to the features of
claim 1. Further advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the dependent patent claims. The features specified individually in the patent claims may be combined with one another in any desired technologically meaningful way and may be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description, with further design variants of the invention being highlighted. - A device for providing a liquid additive is proposed, which device has at least one PTC heating element which is designed to melt frozen liquid additive in the device, wherein the at least one PTC heating element of the device is received, on both sides, by a two-part heat-conducting structure, wherein a voltage source is connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure such that electrical current can be conducted through the PTC heating element from one heat-conducting structure on one side of the PTC heating element to the heat-conducting structure on the other side of the PTC heating element.
- The device is preferably inserted as an installation unit into a tank. The device preferably has a housing, and is arranged on the tank base of the tank. The device has, in particular, an intake point at which liquid additive (in particular urea-water solution) be extracted from the tank. Furthermore, the device preferably has a line connector to which a metering line for providing the liquid additive can be connected. Normally, a duct runs through the device from the intake point to the line connector. In the duct there is arranged a pump by means of which the liquid additive can be delivered. The device has multiple PTC heating elements. The PTC heating elements are connected by way of a heat-conducting structure to the housing of the tank. A starting volume of liquid additive is situated in the tank around the device. The PTC heating elements are designed to heat liquid additive in the starting volume through the housing of the device. For this purpose, the heat-conducting structure bears against the housing preferably over a large area, in order that the liquid in the tank can be heated by way of the at least one PTC heating element in an effective manner. The PTC heating elements (and normally also the pump of the device) are supplied with electrical current and an electrical voltage by a voltage source of the device via electrical conductors. Around the outside of the housing there is optionally also arranged a filter which delimits the starting volume between filter and housing and covers the intake point such that the liquid additive, as it is extracted from the tank, is filtered by means of the filter. Around the outside of the housing, and outside the filter, there is optionally arranged a further coarse filter, which may prevent damage to the filter. The liquid additive within the tank (outside the coarse filter) has a temperature. The temperature is an operating parameter of the device that may be taken into consideration in the execution of the method.
- Of particular importance for the described device is the connection of the at least one PTC heating element of the device to a heat-conducting structure of the device.
- The at least one PTC heating element of the device is received, on both sides, by a two-part heat-conducting structure, such that the heat from the PTC heating element is conducted to the housing and to the liquid additive in as effective a manner as possible.
- A voltage source is preferably connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure via electrical conductors, such that the electrical current may be conducted through the PTC heating element from one heat-conducting structure on one side of the PTC heating element to the heat-conducting structure on the other side of the PTC heating element. The (two-part) heat-conducting structure thus forms, at least in sections, electrical conductors for the contacting of the at least one PTC heating element. By way of this arrangement of the electrical conductors, effective utilization of the PTC material of the PTC heating element is made possible, and at the same time, an effective dissipation of heat from the at least one PTC heating element is realized.
- It is preferable if, furthermore, spacer elements are arranged between the two parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure, such that, firstly, the individual parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure, or the two heat-conducting structures, are electrically insulated with respect to one another, but secondly, a thermally conductive bridge exists between the two parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure or the two heat-conducting structures. The spacer elements thus ensure that the heat from the heat-conducting structure arranged on that side of the PTC heating element which is averted from the housing can also be dissipated to the housing.
- The heat-conducting structure is preferably composed of metal, and very particularly preferably composed of aluminum, because aluminum exhibits high thermal conductivity and, at the same time, a low weight.
- The device is advantageous if the spacer elements form a thermally conductive bridge between the two parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure.
- In this way, a dissipation of heat from the at least one PTC heating element to both parts of the two-part heat-conducting structure is possible, wherein an exchange of heat can take place between the two parts of the heat-conducting structure. The exchange of heat permits an equalization of heat if the heat flows out of the two parts of the heat-conducting structure differ.
- It is furthermore advantageous if the device has a housing which is inserted in a tank for the liquid additive, wherein the housing is free from liquid additive and the at least one PTC heating element and the two-part heat-conducting structure are situated in the housing. The housing is preferably insulated in liquid-tight fashion with respect to the tank.
- The device is furthermore advantageous if the heat-conducting structure bears areally against the housing. A (first) part of the heat-conducting structure is preferably of areal form and bears against an inner surface of the wall of the housing of the device. The housing of the device is preferably of cylindrical form. The inner surface thus preferably forms an inner circumferential surface.
- A (second) part of the heat-conducting structure is preferably likewise of areal form and bears against an upper wall of the housing of the device. The second part of the heat-conducting structure preferably has arm-like sections which, at least in sections, are formed parallel to the first part of the heat-conducting structure. PTC heating elements are arranged between the arm-like sections of the second part of the heat-conducting structure and the first part of the heat-conducting structure.
- A release of heat to the housing is in this case possible both via the first part of the heat-conducting structure and via the second part of the heat-conducting structure. Depending on the fill level of the liquid additive in the tank, the upper wall of the housing is or is not wetted with liquid additive. A significant flow-off of heat via the second part of the heat-conducting structure is to be expected only when the upper wall is wetted with liquid additive. In order that the heat is always correctly distributed between the first part of the heat-conducting structure and the second part of the heat-conducting structure, heat-conductive connections are arranged between the first part of the heat-conducting structure and the second part of the heat-conducting structure. The heat-conductive connections may for example be spacer elements which are arranged adjacent to the PTC heating elements.
- The device is furthermore advantageous if a pump is arranged in the housing, which pump is connected via a duct to an intake point and to a line connector, wherein liquid additive may be extracted from the tank at the intake point, and a metering line for providing the liquid additive may be connected to the line connector.
- The housing is referred to as a “dry” housing, despite the fact that a pump is arranged therein, because, in the housing itself, the liquid additive does not circulate freely, and the housing is therefore dry. Within the housing, the liquid additive is conducted in the duct and in the pump.
- Also proposed is a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine, an exhaust-gas treatment device for purification of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, and a device according to the invention for providing a liquid additive for the exhaust-gas treatment device.
- In the exhaust-gas treatment device there is preferably arranged an SCR catalytic converter by means of which the method of selective catalytic reduction can be carried out. The described device is preferably connected to a metering line. The metering line leads to a metering device by means of which the liquid additive may be supplied to the exhaust-gas treatment device. The metering device preferably has, for this purpose, a nozzle which finely atomizes the liquid additive in the exhaust-gas treatment device (if appropriate with the aid of a pressurized medium such as air) and/or an injector by means of which the liquid additive can be dosed. The injector may for example be a valve which is opened and closed electrically.
- The invention and the technical field will be explained in more detail below on the basis of the figures. The figures show particularly preferred exemplary embodiments, to which the invention is however not restricted. In particular, it should be noted that the figures and in particular the illustrated proportions are merely schematic.
- The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 : shows a motor vehicle having a device; -
FIG. 2 : shows a tank having a device, -
FIG. 3 : shows a connection of a PTC heating element to a heat-conducting structure, -
FIG. 4 : shows another view of the connection as perFIG. 3 , -
FIG. 5 : shows a view into the housing of a device from below, -
FIG. 6 : is a three-dimensional illustration of a two-part heat-conducting structure, and -
FIG. 7 : shows a detail view of the tank fromFIG. 2 . - The following description of the preferred embodiment(s) is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
-
FIG. 1 shows amotor vehicle 16 having aninternal combustion engine 17 and having an exhaust-gas treatment device 18 for the purification of theexhaust gases 19 of theinternal combustion engine 17. An SCR catalytic converter as exhaust-gas purification component 21 is provided in the exhaust-gas treatment device 18. Provided on the exhaust-gas treatment device 18 is ametering device 20 by means of which theliquid additive 3 can be supplied to the exhaust-gas purification component 21.Liquid additive 3 is supplied from atank 23 to themetering device 20 via ametering line 22 by adevice 2. Theliquid additive 3 has atemperature 34, which is in this case marked by way of example in thetank 23. Thedevice 2 is arranged in surroundings (e.g. in the vicinity of the fuel tank of the motor vehicle), wherein the surroundings have anambient temperature 35, which is in this case marked by way of example outside thetank 23. In thedevice 2 there are arranged, inter alia, PTC heating elements (not shown here) which are connected viaelectrical conductors 4 to avoltage source 5. Thedevice 2 is connected to amonitoring unit 15. -
FIG. 2 shows, in a side view, atank 23 into which adevice 2, as aninstallation unit 9, has been inserted. Thedevice 2 has ahousing 26 and is arranged on thetank base 27 of thetank 23. Thedevice 2 has anintake point 29 at which liquid additive 3 (in particular urea-water solution) can be extracted from thetank 23. Furthermore, thedevice 2 has aline connector 28 to which ametering line 22 for providing theliquid additive 3 can be connected. Aduct 36 runs through thedevice 2 from theintake point 29 to theline connector 28. In theduct 36 there is arranged apump 25 by means of which theliquid additive 3 can be delivered. Thedevice 2 has multiplePTC heating elements 1. ThePTC heating elements 1 are connected by way of a heat-conductingstructure 24 to thehousing 26 of thetank 23. A starting volume ofliquid additive 3 is situated in thetank 23 around thedevice 2. ThePTC heating elements 1 are designed to heatliquid additive 3 in the starting volume through thehousing 26 of thedevice 2. The PTC heating elements 1 (and the pump 25) are supplied with electrical current 10 and an electrical voltage 31 by avoltage source 5 of thedevice 2 viaelectrical conductors 4. Around the outside of thehousing 26 there is optionally also arranged afilter 30 which delimits the starting volume betweenfilter 30 andhousing 26 and covers theintake point 29 such that theliquid additive 3, as it is extracted from thetank 23, is filtered by means of thefilter 30. Around the outside of thehousing 26, and outside thefilter 30, there is optionally arranged a furthercoarse filter 32, which may prevent damage to thefilter 30. Theliquid additive 3 within the tank 23 (outside the coarse filter 32) has atemperature 34, where thetemperature 34 is an operatingparameter 14 of thedevice 2 that can be taken into consideration in the execution of the method. -
FIG. 3 shows an advantageous connection of aPTC heating element 1 to a heat-conductingstructure 24. The illustration shows a wall section of thehousing 26 of thedevice 2 in a view from above (cf. the side view inFIG. 2 ). APTC heating element 1 is received, on both sides, by a two-part heat-conductingstructure 24, such that the heat from thePTC heating element 1 is conducted to thehousing 26 and to theliquid additive 3 in as effective a manner as possible. Avoltage source 5 is connected viaelectrical conductors 4 to the two-part heat-conductingstructure 24, such that the electrical current 10 is conducted through thePTC heating element 1 from one heat-conductingstructure 24 on one side of thePTC heating element 1 to the heat-conductingstructure 24 on the other side of thePTC heating element 1. By way of this arrangement of theelectrical conductors 4, effective utilization of the PTC material of thePTC heating element 1 is made possible, and at the same time, an effective dissipation of heat is realized. Furthermore, thespacer elements 13 are arranged between the two-part heat-conductingstructure 24, such that, firstly, the individual heat-conductingstructures 24 are electrically insulated with respect to one another, but secondly, a thermally conductive bridge exists between the heat-conductingstructures 24. Thespacer elements 13 thus ensure that the heat from the heat-conductingstructure 24 arranged on that side of thePTC heating element 1 which is averted from thehousing 26 can also be dissipated to thehousing 26. -
FIG. 4 shows a side view of the connection as perFIG. 3 along the section line V indicated inFIG. 3 . The heat-conductingstructure 24 is arranged, in the vicinity of thehousing 26, within thedevice 2. Thehousing 26 is connected to thetank base 27. -
FIG. 5 shows a view into thehousing 26 of adevice 2 from below. Acircumferential wall 6 of thehousing 26 and anupper wall 7 of thehousing 26 are correspondingly visible. Afirst part 8 of the heat-conductingstructure 24 bears against thecircumferential wall 6. Asecond part 9 of the heat-conducting structure bears against theupper wall 6. Thesecond part 9 of the heat-conductingstructure 24 has arms 10 which, at least in sections, run parallel to thefirst part 8 of the heat-conductingstructure 24.PTC heating elements 1 are arranged between the arms 10 of thesecond part 9 and thefirst part 8. Furthermore,spacer elements 13 are arranged between the arms 10 of thesecond part 9 and thefirst part 8. Likewise indicated inFIG. 5 are apump 25 of the device and aduct 36 via which thepump 25 draws in the liquid additive at anintake point 29. -
FIG. 6 shows a three-dimensional view of the two-part heat-conductingstructure 24 with afirst part 8 and with asecond part 9. -
FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of thetank 23 fromFIG. 2 with adevice 1. Additionally to the disclosure ofFIG. 4 , it can be seen here that the heat-conductingstructure 24 is of two-part form with afirst part 8 and asecond part 9. - The invention permits particularly advantageous operation of a device for providing liquid additive. In particular, functional testing of the heat-conducting connection of
PTC heating elements 1 to heat-conductingstructures 24 and/orhousing 26 is possible. In this way, it can be detected whether possible amendments or repairs (possibly also a replacement of the device) are necessary. - The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for providing a liquid additive, comprising:
at least one PTC heating element which is designed to melt frozen liquid additive in the device;
a two-part heat-conducting structure having a first part and a second part, the at least one PTC heating element being surrounded on at least two sides by the two-part heat-conducting structure; and
a voltage source connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure;
wherein electrical current is conducted through the at least one PTC heating element from the first part of the heat-conducting structure on one side of the PTC heating element to the second part of the heat-conducting structure on the other side of the PTC heating element.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the voltage source is connected to the two-part heat-conducting structure using electrical conductors.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising spacer elements arranged between the first part and the second part of the two-part heat-conducting structure, such that the first part and the second part of the two-part heat-conducting structure are electrically insulated with respect to one another.
4. The device of claim 3 , further comprising a thermally conductive bridge, wherein the spacer elements form the thermally conductive bridge between the first part and the second part of the two-part heat-conducting structure.
5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a tank;
a housing which is inserted in the tank such that the housing is separate from liquid additive, and the at least one PTC heating element and the two-part heat-conducting structure are located in the housing.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the heat-conducting structure is positioned adjacent the housing.
7. The device of claim 5 , further comprising:
a duct;
an intake point;
a metering line; and
a pump arranged in the housing, such that the pump is connected to the intake point and a line connector using the duct;
wherein liquid additive is extracted from the tank at the intake point, and transferred to the metering line using the line connector.
8. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
an internal combustion engine; and,
an exhaust-gas treatment device for the purification of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine;
wherein the device provides liquid additive for the exhaust-gas treatment device.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102014107863.2 | 2014-06-04 | ||
DE102014107863.2A DE102014107863A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2014-06-04 | Method for functional testing of at least one PTC heating element |
PCT/EP2015/062290 WO2015185568A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-06-02 | Device for providing a liquid additive |
Publications (1)
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US20170107881A1 true US20170107881A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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US15/314,247 Abandoned US20170107881A1 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-06-02 | Device for providing a liquid additive |
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US15/314,231 Active US10590821B2 (en) | 2014-06-04 | 2015-06-02 | Method for checking the function of at least one PTC heating element |
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EP (2) | EP3152422A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP6239158B2 (en) |
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CN (2) | CN106460614A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014107863A1 (en) |
WO (2) | WO2015185569A1 (en) |
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KR101902673B1 (en) | 2018-09-28 |
CN106460615A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3152423B1 (en) | 2018-12-05 |
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KR20160145736A (en) | 2016-12-20 |
JP6239158B2 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
WO2015185568A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
EP3152422A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
DE102014107863A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
JP2017523337A (en) | 2017-08-17 |
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