US20170096888A1 - Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid - Google Patents

Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
US20170096888A1
US20170096888A1 US15/315,872 US201515315872A US2017096888A1 US 20170096888 A1 US20170096888 A1 US 20170096888A1 US 201515315872 A US201515315872 A US 201515315872A US 2017096888 A1 US2017096888 A1 US 2017096888A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
casing
electronic units
electronic
unit
well
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Abandoned
Application number
US15/315,872
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English (en)
Inventor
Emeline Drouet
Louis Gorintin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
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Engie SA
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Filing date
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Assigned to ENGIE reassignment ENGIE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DROUET, Emeline, GORINTIN, LOUIS
Publication of US20170096888A1 publication Critical patent/US20170096888A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E21B47/0005—
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/005—Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
    • E21B47/121—
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/125—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using earth as an electrical conductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid such as natural gas, the well comprising a production column in which the operating fluid flows, protective casing arranged around the production column, and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through the well extends.
  • an operating fluid such as natural gas
  • the invention also provides a method of operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid, the monitoring including tracking the placing and the integrity of the cement protection barrier.
  • the integrity of a well for extracting or storing a fluid such as a hydrocarbon or natural gas can be affected by the presence of voids while cement is being used to fill the annular gap situated between the casing of the extraction well and the surrounding rock, or indeed as a result of the cement aging. These two factors can give rise to unwanted stoppages of production, which, by their very nature, are not foreseeable, unless the integrity of the cement sheath is monitored regularly.
  • Indirect measurements are also known for detecting leaks, such as analyzing fluids or analyzing pressure outside the well, for example. Nevertheless, such indirect methods serve to confirm a problem but not to anticipate it.
  • logging and indirect measurements do not enable cement to be tracked over the long term, nor do they enable cementing to be inspected so as to provide a method that is suitable for anticipating production stoppages.
  • Proposals have already been made to disperse sensors in the cement sheath interposed between the casing and the well for extracting or storing fluid and the rock formation through which the well extends, for the purposes of inspecting the integrity of the cement sheath and of monitoring its aging. Nevertheless, acting in that way does not make it possible to guarantee that sensors are distributed in uniform manner within the cement sheath. Furthermore, the nanometric size of embedded sensors, as is required for incorporating the sensors in cement, prevents independent and non-wired sensors being electrically powered and being able to communicate among one another, as is necessary for them to operate.
  • the present invention seeks to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks and to make it possible to inspect in reliable and effective manner the proper placing and integrity of the cement sheath situated between a casing and a rock formation, in order to be able to predict stoppages of production in the well for extracting or storing fluid and to act accordingly in order to minimize production losses associated with stopping operation.
  • a system for operating and monitoring an extraction or storage well for an operating fluid such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide, or natural gas
  • the well comprising a production column in which said operating fluid flows, a protective casing arranged around the production column via an annulus fluid, and a cement sheath interposed between the casing and a rock formation through which the well extends
  • the system being characterized in that it comprises, outside the casing, between the casing and the cement sheath, a series of electronic units distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing and spaced apart axially along the casing, each electronic unit comprising communication means enabling the electronic unit to communicate with another electronic unit or with a surface terminal, a power supply unit of the electronic unit, and at least one of the following elements: a) a detector unit comprising at least one sensor for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, and b) a signal processor unit, and in that at least one electronic unit is
  • Each detector unit may comprise a sensor corresponding to measuring a single type of physical or chemical magnitude.
  • each detector unit comprises a set of a plurality of sensors corresponding to measuring a plurality of different physical or chemical magnitudes.
  • the independent sensors making it possible to measure a physical or chemical magnitude in the volume of the cement sheath in order to inspect its integrity may in particular comprise ultrasound sensors, radar sensors, and/or terahertz sensors, and additionally temperature sensors and/or strain gauges.
  • the communication means comprises wireless communication means, such as radiowaves, electromagnetic waves, soundwaves, or surface currents.
  • Radio communication means for returning information by radio frequency in the cement sheath preferably make use of a frequency lying in the range 169 megahertz (MHz) to 2.4 gigahertz (GHz). This makes it possible to combine an antenna of reasonable size (of centimeter order) with range that is sufficient (of the order of about ten meters).
  • the communication means comprise wired communication means.
  • the electronic units may be fastened directly on the casing by a mechanical connection, such as adhesive, soldering, or welding.
  • the electronic units are put directly into contact with the casing, the electronic units and the casing then being covered by a protective polymer layer for protecting the electronic units and the casing and for ensuring that the electronic units are held on the casing.
  • the electronic units are arranged on a continuous strip that is adhesively bonded on a generator line of the casing and that is in contact with the cement sheath.
  • the invention makes it possible to arrange sensors at very precise locations along the casing.
  • a first series of electronic units of a first type are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing that are spaced apart axially at a large first mesh
  • a second series of electronic units of a second are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing that are spaced apart axially in a smaller second mesh.
  • the electronic units including at least one detector unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing that are spaced apart axially from one another by 10 centimeters (cm) to 10 meters (m).
  • the electronic units not including a detector unit may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing that are spaced apart axially from one another by 5 m to 100 m.
  • the invention provides a system in which the detector units include at least one sensor selected from sensors of temperature, pressure, strain, or integrity, such as a sensor for sensing density, the presence of material, or the chemical environment, such as the presence of water or sulfur.
  • the electronic units have thickness lying in the range 1 millimeters (mm) to 20 mm.
  • the power supply unit of each electronic unit comprises electrical energy storage means, such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
  • high temperature batteries such as solid cathode lithium batteries having a capacity of about 10 watt hours (Wh) to 50 Wh as a function of the data transmission protocol used, or indeed a system of micro fuel cells.
  • the power supply unit of each electronic unit may equally well comprise means for receiving energy, such as electromagnetic energy transmitted along the casing or mechanical or thermal energy collected by means of magneto-inductive, piezoelectric, or Seebeck transducers.
  • At least one electronic unit arranged as a relay unit recovers energy from the surrounding medium in order to power the at least one detector unit comprising at least one sensor for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude and/or the at least one signal processor unit.
  • Energy may also be obtained in particular by collecting thermal energy from the well by using the temperature gradient between the surrounding medium and the operating fluid.
  • the invention also provides a fabrication method for fabricating the casing of a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid, the method being characterized in that it comprises the steps consisting in:
  • each electronic unit comprising communication means enabling the electronic unit to communicate with another electronic unit or with a surface terminal, a power supply unit of the electronic unit, and at least one of the following elements: a) a detector unit comprising at least one sensor for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, and b) a signal processor unit, at least one electronic unit being arranged as a relay unit in which the communication means include means for receiving signals transmitted by surrounding electronic units and means for transmitting signals received from the surrounding electronic units and transformed by a signal processor unit; and
  • the step of fastening electronic units on the casing is performed on a generator line of the casing element by adhesive, soldering, or welding, and the electronic units are covered by a protective polymer layer.
  • the invention also provides a method of operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide, or natural gas, the method comprising the steps consisting in making a borehole in a geological formation, arranging a protective casing in the borehole, and interposing a sheath of cement between the casing and the geological formation, the method being characterized in that the casing is made in accordance with the above-defined fabrication method.
  • an operating fluid such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide, or natural gas
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic vertical section view of a well fitted with an operating and monitoring system of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a section view on line II-II of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the essential components of an example of an electronic unit suitable for being used in the operating and monitoring system of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid such as a hydrocarbon, geothermal water, carbon dioxide, or natural gas, to which the invention is applicable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical well, but the invention is equally applicable to a well that is inclined relative to the vertical.
  • FIG. 1 shows a production column 20 in which the operating fluid flows, a protective casing 60 arranged around the production column 20 via an annulus fluid 25 , and a cement sheath interposed between the casing 60 and a rock formation 70 through which the well extends.
  • a series of electronic units 110 are distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing 60 and spaced apart axially along the casing 60 .
  • each electronic unit 110 comprises at least communication means 14 enabling the electronic unit 110 to communicate with another electronic unit or with a surface terminal 100 , and a power supply unit 13 of the electronic unit together with at least one of the following elements:
  • a detector unit comprising at least one sensor 11 for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude
  • An electronic unit 110 having only a detector unit of point a) is thus an independent unit arranged to take measurements of at least one physical or chemical magnitude and to transmit the taken measurements either to another electronic unit 110 acting as a relay for the measurements, or else to a surface terminal 100 that serves to collect and analyze the measurement data that has been measured.
  • An electronic unit having only a processor unit 12 of point b) is thus a relay arranged to receive data from other electronic units 110 , in particular sensors of a physical or chemical magnitude, and to forward the data either to another electronic unit 110 that also acts as a relay, or else to the surface terminal 100 .
  • the signal processor unit 12 serves to filter and transform signals it receives in order to preserve the quality of the forwarded signal.
  • Such an electronic unit 110 also includes signal receiver means, such as an antenna suitable for the signal.
  • the electronic unit 110 suitable for relaying signals is referred to below as a relay unit.
  • the electronic units 110 may be arranged to comprise both a detector unit with a sensor 11 and a signal processor unit 12 in order to combine the functions of being a relay and of measuring physical or chemical magnitudes, as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • Each detector unit may have either a sensor 11 corresponding to a single type of physical or chemical magnitude, or else a set comprising a plurality of sensors 11 for sensing different physical or chemical magnitudes.
  • FIG. 2 shows an assembly comprising a single electronic unit 110 situated in a given horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical casing 60 , but this number could be different. Thus, in general manner, between one to eight electronic units 110 may be arranged around the casing 60 in a single plane perpendicular to the casing 60 .
  • the communication means 14 associated with the electronic units 110 may comprise wireless communication means, e.g. using radiowaves, soundwaves, electromagnetic waves, or surface currents, or in another embodiment, they may comprise wired communication means.
  • Radio communication means for returning information by radio in the cement sheath preferably use a frequency lying in the range 169 MHz to 2.4 GHz. This makes it possible to combine an antenna of size that is reasonable (of centimeter order) and a range that is sufficient (of the order of about ten meters).
  • the electronic units 110 may be fastened directly to the casing 60 or they may be arranged on a continuous strip 61 that is adhesively bonded to a generator line of the casing 60 and that is in contact with the cement sheath 30 .
  • the sensors are fastened to a metal belt that is then closed and tightened around the casing 60 .
  • the electronic units 110 may include transmission means 12 adapted to transmit the measurement signals from one to the next towards a base 100 situated at the surface of the ground.
  • the electronic units 110 may be fastened to the casing 60 by adhesive or they may be fastened to a flexible support surrounding the casing 60 .
  • the electronic units 110 may also be fastened to the casing 60 by welding or soldering.
  • the electronic units 110 are put directly into contact with the casing 60 , the electronic units 110 and the casing 60 then being covered by a protective polymer layer 61 for protecting the electronic units and the casing while bending and conditioning the casing and during manipulations before and during laying of the casing, and also for holding the electronic units 110 on the casing 60 .
  • the electronic units 110 typically include microcomponents in order to reduce the size of each electronic unit.
  • the electronic units 110 typically present thickness lying in the range 1 mm to 20 mm.
  • the electronic units 110 can thus be covered in a protective polymer layer 61 .
  • the casing 60 should include housings of size and depth corresponding to the electronic units 110 so that they are embedded in the casing prior to applying the protective polymer layer 61 .
  • a first series of electronic units 110 each having a detector element 11 for detecting a first type of physical or chemical magnitude, are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially at a large first mesh of length L 1 and in FIG. 1 they are referenced as being the units 111 , 112 , 115 , 116 , and 118 .
  • a second series of electronic units 110 each including a detector element 11 for detecting a second type of physical or chemical magnitude, are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially at a smaller second mesh of length L 2 over at least a fraction of the height of the casing 60 , and they are referenced in FIG. 1 as being the units 113 and 114 situated level with the formation 40 , and the units 116 and 117 situated level with the formation 50 . It should be observed that units such as the unit 116 may be common to both meshes in which case they have detector elements 11 for detecting both the first and the second types of physical or chemical magnitude.
  • the electronic units 110 may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially from one another, e.g. in the range 10 cm to 100 m, however other ranges of values are possible depending on the applications.
  • the electronic units 110 having at least one detector unit are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially from one another in the range 10 cm to 10 m in order to create a sensor mesh suitable for detecting modifications in the cement sheath 30 .
  • the mesh of sensors 11 may be modulated depending on the geological layers encountered.
  • the mesh of temperature or pressure sensors may be adapted to the depth of the borehole, with the mesh becoming denser with increasing depth of the borehole.
  • electronic units 110 that do not have at least one detector unit, in particular the relay units, are arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially from one another by a distance in the range 5 m to 100 m, i.e. at a larger mesh, but suitable for enabling the electronic units 110 to communicate with one another.
  • each sensor 11 has its own mesh, the relay units being arranged so that each sensor 11 can send data to the surface terminal 100 .
  • the sensors and/or relays are grouped together in an electronic unit 110 in order to facilitate implementation.
  • the detector units comprise at least one sensor 11 selected from sensors for sensing the following physical magnitudes: temperature, pressure, strain, and integrity, such as the density or the presence of material in order to detect missing cement, chemical environment, such as the presence of water or sulfur, in order to detect infiltration of water or of elements that might affect the casing 60 .
  • the electronic units 113 , 114 and 116 , 117 may comprise a first series of detector units, each comprising a pressure sensor, and the electronic units 111 , 112 , 115 , 116 , and 118 may comprise a second series of detector units each comprising a temperature sensor.
  • the electronic units 113 , 114 and 116 , 117 of the first series may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially from one another by a length L 2 lying in the range 50 cm to 150 cm
  • the electronic units 111 , 112 , 115 , 116 , and 118 of the second series may be arranged in planes perpendicular to the casing 60 that are spaced apart axially from one another by a length L 1 lying in the range 5 m to 15 m.
  • the detector units of the electronic units 110 are electrically powered by means for receiving energy, such as electromagnetic energy transmitted along the casing 60 .
  • Electrical power supply may also be obtained by collecting mechanical and thermal energy, e.g. by means of magneto-inductive, piezoelectric, or Seebeck effect transducers.
  • At least one electronic unit arranged as a relay unit recovers energy from the surrounding medium in order to power at least one detector unit having at least one sensor for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude and/or at least one signal processor unit.
  • Energy may also be obtained in particular by collecting thermal energy from the well and using the temperature gradient between the surrounding medium and the operating fluid.
  • each electronic unit 110 has an independent battery or electrical power supply capacitors constituting the energy source 13 .
  • the invention also provides a method of fabricating the casing 60 of a well for extracting or storing an operating fluid, the method consisting in:
  • each casing element prior to inserting each casing element in the extraction well, fastening thereon each casing element a series of electronic units 110 distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing 60 and spaced apart axially along the casing 60 , each electronic unit 110 comprising communication means 14 enabling the electronic unit 110 to communicate with another electronic unit 110 or with a surface terminal 100 , a power supply unit 13 of the electronic unit 110 , and at least one of the following elements: a) a detector unit comprising at least one sensor 11 for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, and b) a signal processor unit 12 ; and
  • the casing elements are tubes, generally made of steel and having a length of 10 m, for example, and they are produced in a factory, with the complete casing thus being obtained by way of example by screwing these various elements together end to end.
  • these casing elements are fitted with electronic units 110 as defined above in the factory. The casing elements are then assembled while making the extraction well.
  • the electronic units 110 are arranged on the casing 60 by temporary adhesive. Then the casing 60 and the electronic units 110 are covered by a protective polymer layer 61 , which fastens the electronic units 110 on the casing 60 .
  • This layer 61 is selected so as to enable the sensors 11 to be used while enabling the electronic units 110 to be fastened to the casing 60 .
  • the method also includes steps consisting in installing, outside the casing 60 , between the casing and the cement sheath 30 , a series of electronic units 110 , comprising detector units and/or relay units, that are distributed in predetermined positions in a succession of planes perpendicular to the casing 60 and spaced apart axially along the casing 60 .
  • Each detector unit comprises at least one sensor 11 for sensing a physical or chemical magnitude, communication means 14 for signals coming from the sensor 11 , a power supply unit 13 , and where appropriate a signal processor unit 12 for processing signals from the sensor 11 .
  • Each relay unit comprises signal transmission means 14 , a power supply unit 13 , and where appropriate a unit 12 for processing the relayed signals.
  • FIG. 3 shows an electronic unit 110 combining both the functions of a detector unit and the functions of a relay unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US15/315,872 2014-06-04 2015-06-03 Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid Abandoned US20170096888A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1455078 2014-06-04
FR1455078A FR3021992B1 (fr) 2014-06-04 2014-06-04 Procede et systeme d'exploitation et de surveillance d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage de fluide
PCT/FR2015/051469 WO2015185859A1 (fr) 2014-06-04 2015-06-03 Procede et systeme d'exploitation et de surveillance d'un puits d'extraction ou de stockage de fluide

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US20170096888A1 true US20170096888A1 (en) 2017-04-06

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US15/315,872 Abandoned US20170096888A1 (en) 2014-06-04 2015-06-03 Method and system for operating and monitoring a well for extracting or storing fluid

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US (1) US20170096888A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP3152396B1 (ru)
AU (1) AU2015270330A1 (ru)
BR (1) BR112016028339B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2950627A1 (ru)
FR (1) FR3021992B1 (ru)
PL (1) PL3152396T3 (ru)
RU (1) RU2704416C2 (ru)
WO (1) WO2015185859A1 (ru)

Cited By (1)

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US10519761B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2019-12-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and methodology for monitoring in a borehole

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CN110905403B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2021-07-09 中冶集团武汉勘察研究院有限公司 一种大口径地下水环境监测井的施工方法

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GB2340520B (en) * 1998-08-15 2000-11-01 Schlumberger Ltd Data acquisition apparatus
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GB0900446D0 (en) * 2009-01-12 2009-02-11 Sensor Developments As Method and apparatus for in-situ wellbore measurements
WO2011017415A2 (en) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-10 Shell Oil Company Systems and methods for monitoring cement quality in a well
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10519761B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2019-12-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation System and methodology for monitoring in a borehole

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Publication number Publication date
EP3152396A1 (fr) 2017-04-12
AU2015270330A1 (en) 2017-01-12
RU2704416C2 (ru) 2019-10-28
WO2015185859A1 (fr) 2015-12-10
FR3021992B1 (fr) 2019-08-16
PL3152396T3 (pl) 2019-04-30
FR3021992A1 (fr) 2015-12-11
BR112016028339A2 (pt) 2017-08-22
EP3152396B1 (fr) 2018-11-14
BR112016028339B1 (pt) 2022-05-03
CA2950627A1 (fr) 2015-12-10
RU2016151426A3 (ru) 2018-11-09
RU2016151426A (ru) 2018-07-10

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