US20160247797A1 - Layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors - Google Patents
Layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors Download PDFInfo
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- US20160247797A1 US20160247797A1 US15/142,948 US201615142948A US2016247797A1 US 20160247797 A1 US20160247797 A1 US 20160247797A1 US 201615142948 A US201615142948 A US 201615142948A US 2016247797 A1 US2016247797 A1 US 2016247797A1
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- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
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- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/11—Device type
- H01L2924/13—Discrete devices, e.g. 3 terminal devices
- H01L2924/1304—Transistor
- H01L2924/1305—Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
- H01L2924/13051—Heterojunction bipolar transistor [HBT]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), and more particular to a layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors including redistribution layers (RDL) and copper pillars.
- HBTs heterojunction bipolar transistors
- RDL redistribution layers
- HBTs compound semiconductor heterojunction bipolar transistors
- the emitter copper pillar can be disposed on the emitter electrode of the HBT to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the device, and the collector copper pillar and/or the base copper pillar are disposed by employing the conventional metallization technology.
- the conventional flip-chip technology there is a minimum distance between copper pillars in the conventional flip-chip technology, which limits the minimum die size and creates wasteful space between copper pillars, and therefore the competitiveness of the product is restricted.
- there is usually a great height difference between the emitter and the collector epitaxial layers which leads to low uniformity of the height of the copper pillars formed on the emitter and collector electrodes of the HBT.
- the low uniformity of height of the copper pillars leads to bad contact of the device after packaging, which therefore restricts the packaging yield.
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers (RDL) and copper pillars.
- RDL redistribution layers
- the main objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers (RDL) and copper pillars.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers and copper pillars.
- the die size can be reduced by taking the advantage of flexible layout design of the emitter and collector copper pillars and taking the most of the die space to arrange the passive devices of the circuit.
- one more objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers and copper pillars, in which the height difference between the emitter and collector copper pillars can be compensated by filling the via holes, so that the product yield can be improved.
- the present invention provides a layout structure of HBTs, which comprises one or more HBTs, a passive layer, a first dielectric layer, a collector redistribution layer, one or more emitter copper pillars, and one or more collector copper pillars.
- the one or more HBTs are formed on a substrate.
- Each of HBTs comprises a base electrode, an emitter electrode, and a collector electrode.
- the passive layer is formed on the HBTs and comprises an emitter pad and a collector pad.
- the emitter pad is electrically connected to each of the one or more emitter electrodes
- the collector pad is electrically connected to each of the one or more collector electrodes.
- the first dielectric layer covers on the passive layer.
- the first dielectric layer comprises one or more emitter via holes formed on the emitter pad through the first dielectric layer and one or more collector via holes formed on the collector pad through the first dielectric layer.
- the collector redistribution layer is formed on the first dielectric layer and extends into the one or more collector via holes to form an electrical connection to the collector pad.
- Each of the one or more emitter copper pillars is disposed on at least one of the one or more emitter via holes and fills therein to form an electrical connection to the emitter pad.
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on the collector redistribution layer to form an electrical connection to the collector redistribution layer.
- the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can include an emitter redistribution layer on the first dielectric layer.
- the emitter redistribution layer extends into at least one of the one or more emitter via holes below one of the one or more emitter copper pillars and forms an electrical connection to the emitter pad.
- the present invention provides several layout schemes to set up the copper pillars and the necessary passive devices:
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is neighboring to the one or more emitter copper pillars.
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is formed on at least one of the one or more collector via holes and fills therein.
- One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer in the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is neighboring to the one or more emitter copper pillars.
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is formed on the collector pad excluding the region on the one or more collector via holes, and each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars.
- One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer in the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- the collector redistribution layer forms a collector redistribution layer extension region on the first dielectric layer, and each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on the collector redistribution layer extension region excluding the region on the one or more collector via holes.
- Each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars.
- One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs.
- the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad, or the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer under at least one of the one or more emitter copper pillars near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- the collector pad forms a collector pad extension region in the passive layer. At least one of the one or more collector via holes is formed on the collector pad extension region. Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on at least one of the one or more collector via holes on the collector pad extension region and fills therein. Each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars.
- One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs.
- the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad, or the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer under at least one of the one or more emitter copper pillars near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- the substrate is made of compound semiconductor material GaAs, GaN, SiC, or sapphire.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic showing the plan view of an embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention.
- FIGS. 1B and 1C are schematics showing the cross-sectional view along line AA′ and line BB′ respectively in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 1D is a schematic showing the plan view of another embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 1E is a schematic showing the cross-sectional view along line AA′ in FIG. 1D .
- FIGS. 1F and 1G are schematics showing the plan view of another two embodiments of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematics showing the plan view and of another embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention and its cross-sectional view along line AA′.
- FIGS. 2C and 2D are schematics showing the plan view and of another embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention and its cross-sectional view along line AA′.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematics showing the plan view of another two embodiments of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention.
- FIGS. 1A-1C are schematics showing an embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention, in which FIGS. 1B and 1C are the cross-sectional views along line AA′ and BB′ respectively in FIG. 1A .
- the layout structure of HBTs comprises one or more HBTs 110 , a passive layer 130 , a first dielectric layer 151 , a collector redistribution layer 142 , an emitter copper pillar 161 , and a collector copper pillar 162 .
- the one or more HBTs 110 are formed on a substrate 100 .
- Each of the one or more HBTs comprises a sub-collector layer 111 , a collector layer 112 , a base layer 113 , and an emitter layer 114 .
- a base electrode 121 is provided on the base layer 113
- an emitter electrode 122 is provided on the base layer 114
- a collector electrode 123 is provided on the collector layer 111 .
- the passive layer 130 is formed on the HBTs 110 and comprises an emitter pad 132 a and a collector pad 132 b.
- the emitter pad 132 a is electrically connected to each of the emitter electrodes 122 .
- the collector pad 132 b is electrically connected to each of the collector electrodes 123 .
- the first dielectric layer 151 covers on the passive layer 130 .
- the first dielectric layer 151 comprises an emitter via hole 171 formed on the emitter pad 132 a through the first dielectric layer 151 and a collector via holes 172 formed on the collector pad 132 b through the first dielectric layer 151 .
- the collector redistribution layer 142 is formed on the first dielectric layer 151 and extends into the collector via holes 172 to form an electrical connection to the collector pad 132 b.
- the emitter copper pillar 161 is formed on the emitter via hole 171 and fills therein to form an electrical connection to the emitter pad 132 a.
- the collector copper pillar 162 is formed on the collector via hole 172 and fills therein to form an electrical connection to the collector redistribution layer 142 .
- Solder balls 163 and 164 can be formed on the top of the emitter copper pillar 161 and the collector copper pillar 162 respectively.
- the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can include an emitter redistribution layer 141 on the first dielectric layer 151 . As shown in FIGS. 1D and 1F , the emitter redistribution layer 141 extends into the emitter via hole 171 below the emitter copper pillar 161 and forms an electrical connection to the emitter pad 132 a.
- the emitter electrode of each of the one or more HBTs can be an electrode with parallel fingers.
- the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b are elongated pad with their elongated axes parallel to each other.
- the emitter via hole 171 , the collector via hole 172 , and the emitter copper pillar 161 and the collector copper pillar 162 formed thereon respectively also have elongated shapes.
- the collector copper pillar 162 is neighboring to the emitter copper pillar 161 with their elongated axes parallel to each other.
- the distance d 1 between the edges of the collector copper pillar 162 and the emitter copper pillar 161 usually ranges from 10 to 75 ⁇ m.
- the necessary passive devices can be disposed in the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b to reduce the die size.
- one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are included coupling to the HBTs 110 , and the one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are disposed in the passive layer 130 in the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b .
- the elongated collector copper pillar can be replaced by one or more round collector copper pillars
- the elongated collector via hole can be replaced by one or more shorter collector via holes.
- Each of the one or more round collector copper pillars 162 can be disposed on at least one of the one or more collector via hole 172 and fills therein, as shown in FIG. 1F .
- each the one or more round collector copper pillars 162 can be disposed on the collector redistribution layer 142 excluding the region on the one or more collector via holes 172 to form an electrical connection to the collector pas 132 b through the collector redistribution layer 142 , as shown in FIG. 1G .
- the emitter copper pillar usually has a larger surface area.
- an emitter copper pillar with a larger surface area usually grows taller than a collector copper pillar which has a smaller surface area in the manufacturing process, which leads to bad contact of the chip after packaging.
- the difference in height between the emitter and the collector copper pillars can be compensated when the emitter copper pillar is formed on an emitter via hole and fills therein ( FIG. 1G ).
- the difference in height between the emitter and the collector copper pillars can be compensated by changing the size of the via holes ( FIGS. 1D and 1F ) or by removing the emitter redistribution layer ( FIG. 1A ).
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematics showing another embodiments provided by the present invention, in which the collector redistribution layer 142 can form a collector redistribution layer extension region 142 a on the first dielectric layer 151 .
- the collector copper pillar 162 is disposed on the collector redistribution layer extension region 142 a excluding the region on the collector via hole 172 .
- the collector pad 132 b and the collector via hole 172 thereon can be moved closer to the emitter copper pillar 161 to reduce the die size.
- the edges of the emitter copper pillar 161 and collector redistribution layer 142 is defined as d 2 .
- d 2 is preferably smaller.
- d 2 is ranging from 1 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably ranging from 1 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably ranging from 1 to 10 ⁇ m, and most preferably ranging from 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the size of the collector pad 132 b can be decreased to further reduce the die size and save the material.
- the necessary passive devices have to be removed from in the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b to the region outside the HBTs 110 .
- one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are included in the passive layer 130 near the emitter pad 132 a excluding the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b, and the one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are coupling to the HBTs 110 .
- a space is formed under the emitter copper pillar 161 .
- one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are included in the passive layer 130 under the emitter copper pillar 161 near the emitter pad 132 a excluding the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b, and the one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are coupling to the HBTs 110 .
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematics showing another embodiments provided by the present invention, in which the collector pad 132 b forms a collector pad extension region 132 c in the passive layer 130 .
- the collector via hole 172 and the collector redistribution layer 142 are formed on the collector pad extension region 132 c.
- the collector copper pillar 162 is disposed on the collector via hole 172 on the collector pad extension region 132 c and fills therein.
- the collector pad 132 b can thus be moved closer to the emitter pad 132 a to reduce the die size.
- the edges of the emitter pad 132 a and collector pad 132 b is defined as d 3 .
- d 3 is ranging from 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably ranging from 1 to 15 ⁇ m, more preferably ranging from 1 to 10 ⁇ m, and most preferably ranging from 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the necessary passive devices have to be disposed on the region outside the HBTs 110 .
- one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are included in the passive layer 130 near the emitter pad 132 a excluding the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b, and the one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are coupling to the HBTs 110 .
- a space is formed under the emitter copper pillar 161 .
- the necessary passive devices can then be disposed in this space, so that the die size can be further reduced. As shown in FIG.
- one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are included in the passive layer 130 under the emitter copper pillar 161 near the emitter pad 132 a excluding the region between the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b, and the one or more capacitors 181 and resistors 182 are coupling to the HBTs 110 .
- the passive layer 130 in the present invention can include plural metal layers, which includes a first metal layer 131 formed on the bottom of the passive layer 130 and electrically connected to the base electrode 121 , the emitter electrode 122 , and the collector electrode 123 , and a second metal layer 132 electrically connected to the redistribution layers.
- the first metal layer 131 can form metal pads (e.g. 131 a and 131 b ) or metal lines.
- the first metal layer 131 is made essentially of Au and containing no Cu to prevent contamination of Cu atoms to the electronic devices.
- the second metal layer 132 forms the emitter pad 132 a and the collector pad 132 b. Because the second metal layer 132 has no direct contact to the electronic devices, it can be made of metal containing Au or Cu.
- One or more metal layers can be included between the first metal layer 131 and the second metal layer 132 for the interconnection.
- a covering layer covers on the HBTs and between each pair of neighboring metal layers excluding the electrical contact regions for insulation and passivation (e.g. 133 - 135 ).
- the covering layer is made of insulating materials, preferably of SiN.
- the metal layers in the passive layer 130 can be used to form passive devices, such as capacitors. As shown in FIGS.
- the first metal layer 131 , the second metal layer 132 , and the covering layer 134 between them can form a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, or they can form a stacked MIM capacitor by inserting one or more metal layers and covering layers in between.
- MIM metal-insulator-metal
- the HBT 110 is a compound semiconductor device formed on a substrate 100 .
- the substrate 100 is made of compound semiconductor material, preferably of GaAs, GaN, SiC, or sapphire, and most preferably of GaAs.
- the emitter redistribution layer 141 and the collector redistribution layer 142 can be made of metal of good conductivity, such as metal containing Au or Cu, preferably of metal containing Cu.
- the redistribution layer can form an inductor on the first dielectric layer to take the most of the free surface area of the chip.
- the first dielectric layer 151 is made preferably of spin-coating dielectric materials of good trench planarization efficiency.
- the dielectric material is coated on the uppermost covering layer by the spin-coating process, and cured by heating.
- the first dielectric layer 151 can be made of dielectric materials, such as polyimide, benzocyclobutene (BCB), or polybenzoxazole (PBO).
- the first dielectric layer 151 is made more preferably of PBO for its low dielectric constant and high tensile strength.
- the PBO dielectric material has a greater thickness after curing, which effectively compensates the difference in height between the emitter and collector epitaxial layers, and therefore the conduction copper pillars form on top of the device can have the same height.
- the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can include a second dielectric layer 152 covering on the first dielectric layer 151 , the emitter redistribution layer 141 , and the collector redistribution layer 142 excluding the electrical contact region that connects the emitter copper pillar 161 and the collector copper pillar 162 .
- the second dielectric layer 152 can be made of dielectric materials, such as polyimide, BCB, or PBO, preferably of PBO.
- the die size of the chip made according to the layout design shown in FIGS. 1A-1G is about 16% smaller than the chip produced by a previous technology.
- the die size of the chip made according to the layout design shown in FIG. 2A is about 34% smaller than the chip produced by a previous technology, and even 40% smaller than the chip produced by a previous technology according to the layout design shown in FIG. 2C .
- the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can indeed get its anticipated object to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the chip and to reduce the die size. Besides, the uniformity of the height of the copper pillars can be improved, which leads to a higher product yield.
Abstract
A layout structure of HBTs comprising one or more HBTs, each of which comprises a base electrode, an emitter electrode, and a collector electrode. A passive layer, a first dielectric layer, a collector redistribution layers, one or more emitter copper pillars, and one or more collector copper pillars are formed above the one or more HBTs. The passive layer comprises a collector and an emitter pads. The first dielectric layer has one or more emitter and collector via holes. The emitter copper pillar is disposed on the emitter via hole and forms an electrical connection to the emitter electrode. The collector copper pillar is disposed on the collector redistribution layer and forms electrical connection to the collector electrode. The layout design of the emitter and collector copper pillars is therefore flexible, and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved.
Description
- The present invention is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/913,290 entitled “Layout Structure of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors” filed on Jun. 7, 2013.
- The present invention relates to a layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), and more particular to a layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors including redistribution layers (RDL) and copper pillars.
- With the development of mobile communication industry, the demand of high performance and small size electronic devices is also growing. The integrated circuits using compound semiconductor heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been widely used in the mobile communication electronic devices for their high power, low noise, and small size. Therefore, by improving the performance and reducing the size of a compound semiconductor HBT circuit will increase the competitiveness of the product.
- By applying the conventional flip-chip technology to the HBT device packaging, the emitter copper pillar can be disposed on the emitter electrode of the HBT to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the device, and the collector copper pillar and/or the base copper pillar are disposed by employing the conventional metallization technology. However, there is a minimum distance between copper pillars in the conventional flip-chip technology, which limits the minimum die size and creates wasteful space between copper pillars, and therefore the competitiveness of the product is restricted. Besides, there is usually a great height difference between the emitter and the collector epitaxial layers, which leads to low uniformity of the height of the copper pillars formed on the emitter and collector electrodes of the HBT. The low uniformity of height of the copper pillars leads to bad contact of the device after packaging, which therefore restricts the packaging yield.
- The main objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers (RDL) and copper pillars. By combining the flip-chip and RDL technologies, the heat dissipation efficiency of the device can be improved, and the layout design of the emitter and collector copper pillars becomes more flexible. Moreover, the height difference between the emitter and collector copper pillars in the conventional flip-chip technology can be reduced by using a dielectric material of low dielectric coefficient material and good planarization efficiency, which improves the product yield.
- Another objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers and copper pillars. The die size can be reduced by taking the advantage of flexible layout design of the emitter and collector copper pillars and taking the most of the die space to arrange the passive devices of the circuit.
- And one more objective of the present invention is to provide a layout structure of HBTs comprising redistribution layers and copper pillars, in which the height difference between the emitter and collector copper pillars can be compensated by filling the via holes, so that the product yield can be improved.
- To reach the objectives stated above, the present invention provides a layout structure of HBTs, which comprises one or more HBTs, a passive layer, a first dielectric layer, a collector redistribution layer, one or more emitter copper pillars, and one or more collector copper pillars. The one or more HBTs are formed on a substrate. Each of HBTs comprises a base electrode, an emitter electrode, and a collector electrode. The passive layer is formed on the HBTs and comprises an emitter pad and a collector pad. The emitter pad is electrically connected to each of the one or more emitter electrodes, and the collector pad is electrically connected to each of the one or more collector electrodes. The first dielectric layer covers on the passive layer. The first dielectric layer comprises one or more emitter via holes formed on the emitter pad through the first dielectric layer and one or more collector via holes formed on the collector pad through the first dielectric layer. The collector redistribution layer is formed on the first dielectric layer and extends into the one or more collector via holes to form an electrical connection to the collector pad. Each of the one or more emitter copper pillars is disposed on at least one of the one or more emitter via holes and fills therein to form an electrical connection to the emitter pad. Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on the collector redistribution layer to form an electrical connection to the collector redistribution layer. Moreover, the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can include an emitter redistribution layer on the first dielectric layer. The emitter redistribution layer extends into at least one of the one or more emitter via holes below one of the one or more emitter copper pillars and forms an electrical connection to the emitter pad.
- To reach the objective of reducing the die size, the present invention provides several layout schemes to set up the copper pillars and the necessary passive devices:
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is neighboring to the one or more emitter copper pillars. Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is formed on at least one of the one or more collector via holes and fills therein. One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer in the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is neighboring to the one or more emitter copper pillars. Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is formed on the collector pad excluding the region on the one or more collector via holes, and each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars. One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer in the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- The collector redistribution layer forms a collector redistribution layer extension region on the first dielectric layer, and each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on the collector redistribution layer extension region excluding the region on the one or more collector via holes. Each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars. One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs. The one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad, or the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer under at least one of the one or more emitter copper pillars near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- The collector pad forms a collector pad extension region in the passive layer. At least one of the one or more collector via holes is formed on the collector pad extension region. Each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on at least one of the one or more collector via holes on the collector pad extension region and fills therein. Each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars. One or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs. The one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad, or the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer under at least one of the one or more emitter copper pillars near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
- In implementation, the substrate is made of compound semiconductor material GaAs, GaN, SiC, or sapphire.
- The present invention will be understood more fully by reference to the detailed description of the drawings and the preferred embodiments below.
-
FIG. 1A is a schematic showing the plan view of an embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention. -
FIGS. 1B and 1C are schematics showing the cross-sectional view along line AA′ and line BB′ respectively inFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 1D is a schematic showing the plan view of another embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention. -
FIG. 1E is a schematic showing the cross-sectional view along line AA′ inFIG. 1D . -
FIGS. 1F and 1G are schematics showing the plan view of another two embodiments of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention. -
FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematics showing the plan view and of another embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention and its cross-sectional view along line AA′. -
FIGS. 2C and 2D are schematics showing the plan view and of another embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention and its cross-sectional view along line AA′. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematics showing the plan view of another two embodiments of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention. -
FIGS. 1A-1C are schematics showing an embodiment of a layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention, in whichFIGS. 1B and 1C are the cross-sectional views along line AA′ and BB′ respectively inFIG. 1A . As shown in the figures, the layout structure of HBTs comprises one ormore HBTs 110, apassive layer 130, a firstdielectric layer 151, acollector redistribution layer 142, anemitter copper pillar 161, and acollector copper pillar 162. The one ormore HBTs 110 are formed on asubstrate 100. Each of the one or more HBTs comprises asub-collector layer 111, acollector layer 112, abase layer 113, and anemitter layer 114. In each of the HBTs, abase electrode 121 is provided on thebase layer 113, anemitter electrode 122 is provided on thebase layer 114, and acollector electrode 123 is provided on thecollector layer 111. Thepassive layer 130 is formed on theHBTs 110 and comprises anemitter pad 132 a and acollector pad 132 b. Theemitter pad 132 a is electrically connected to each of theemitter electrodes 122. Thecollector pad 132 b is electrically connected to each of thecollector electrodes 123. Thefirst dielectric layer 151 covers on thepassive layer 130. Thefirst dielectric layer 151 comprises an emitter viahole 171 formed on theemitter pad 132 a through thefirst dielectric layer 151 and a collector viaholes 172 formed on thecollector pad 132 b through thefirst dielectric layer 151. Thecollector redistribution layer 142 is formed on thefirst dielectric layer 151 and extends into the collector viaholes 172 to form an electrical connection to thecollector pad 132 b. Theemitter copper pillar 161 is formed on the emitter viahole 171 and fills therein to form an electrical connection to theemitter pad 132 a. Thecollector copper pillar 162 is formed on the collector viahole 172 and fills therein to form an electrical connection to thecollector redistribution layer 142.Solder balls emitter copper pillar 161 and thecollector copper pillar 162 respectively. Moreover, the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can include anemitter redistribution layer 141 on thefirst dielectric layer 151. As shown inFIGS. 1D and 1F , theemitter redistribution layer 141 extends into the emitter viahole 171 below theemitter copper pillar 161 and forms an electrical connection to theemitter pad 132 a. - In the aforementioned embodiments, the emitter electrode of each of the one or more HBTs can be an electrode with parallel fingers. The
emitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b are elongated pad with their elongated axes parallel to each other. The emitter viahole 171, the collector viahole 172, and theemitter copper pillar 161 and thecollector copper pillar 162 formed thereon respectively also have elongated shapes. Thecollector copper pillar 162 is neighboring to theemitter copper pillar 161 with their elongated axes parallel to each other. For the limit of the present flip-chip technology, the distance d1 between the edges of thecollector copper pillar 162 and theemitter copper pillar 161 usually ranges from 10 to 75 μm. The necessary passive devices can be disposed in the region between theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b to reduce the die size. As shown inFIGS. 1A to 1E , one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are included coupling to theHBTs 110, and the one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are disposed in thepassive layer 130 in the region between theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b. In the aforementioned embodiments, the elongated collector copper pillar can be replaced by one or more round collector copper pillars, and the elongated collector via hole can be replaced by one or more shorter collector via holes. Each of the one or more roundcollector copper pillars 162 can be disposed on at least one of the one or more collector viahole 172 and fills therein, as shown inFIG. 1F . Besides, each the one or more roundcollector copper pillars 162 can be disposed on thecollector redistribution layer 142 excluding the region on the one or more collector viaholes 172 to form an electrical connection to thecollector pas 132 b through thecollector redistribution layer 142, as shown inFIG. 1G . To improve the heat dissipation efficiency, the emitter copper pillar usually has a larger surface area. An emitter copper pillar with a larger surface area usually grows taller than a collector copper pillar which has a smaller surface area in the manufacturing process, which leads to bad contact of the chip after packaging. In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the difference in height between the emitter and the collector copper pillars can be compensated when the emitter copper pillar is formed on an emitter via hole and fills therein (FIG. 1G ). When the emitter and collector copper pillars are both formed on via holes, the difference in height between the emitter and the collector copper pillars can be compensated by changing the size of the via holes (FIGS. 1D and 1F ) or by removing the emitter redistribution layer (FIG. 1A ). - By extending the collector redistribution layers in the layout structure of HBTs, the collector copper pillar can then be move from a position parallel neighboring to the emitter copper pillar to an arbitrary position to take the most of the die space, so that the die size can be reduced.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematics showing another embodiments provided by the present invention, in which thecollector redistribution layer 142 can form a collector redistributionlayer extension region 142 a on thefirst dielectric layer 151. Thecollector copper pillar 162 is disposed on the collector redistributionlayer extension region 142 a excluding the region on the collector viahole 172. Thecollector pad 132 b and the collector viahole 172 thereon can be moved closer to theemitter copper pillar 161 to reduce the die size. The edges of theemitter copper pillar 161 andcollector redistribution layer 142 is defined as d2. In implementation, there is no upper limit for dz but d2 is preferably smaller. In the present embodiments, d2 is ranging from 1 to 30 μm, preferably ranging from 1 to 20 μm, more preferably ranging from 1 to 10 μm, and most preferably ranging from 1 to 5 μm. Moreover, the size of thecollector pad 132 b can be decreased to further reduce the die size and save the material. - In the aforementioned embodiments, the necessary passive devices have to be removed from in the region between the
emitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b to the region outside theHBTs 110. As shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B , one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are included in thepassive layer 130 near theemitter pad 132 a excluding the region between theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b, and the one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are coupling to theHBTs 110. By shifting theemitter pad 132 a and the HBT epitaxial layers thereunder closer to thecollector pad 132 b, a space is formed under theemitter copper pillar 161. The necessary passive devices can then be disposed in this space, so that the die size can be further reduced. As shown inFIGS. 2C and 2D , one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are included in thepassive layer 130 under theemitter copper pillar 161 near theemitter pad 132 a excluding the region between theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b, and the one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are coupling to theHBTs 110. -
FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematics showing another embodiments provided by the present invention, in which thecollector pad 132 b forms a collectorpad extension region 132 c in thepassive layer 130. The collector viahole 172 and thecollector redistribution layer 142 are formed on the collectorpad extension region 132 c. Thecollector copper pillar 162 is disposed on the collector viahole 172 on the collectorpad extension region 132 c and fills therein. Thecollector pad 132 b can thus be moved closer to theemitter pad 132 a to reduce the die size. The edges of theemitter pad 132 a andcollector pad 132 b is defined as d3. In implementation, there is no upper limit for d3 but d3 is preferably smaller. In the present embodiments, d3 is ranging from 1 to 20 μm, preferably ranging from 1 to 15 μm, more preferably ranging from 1 to 10 μm, and most preferably ranging from 1 to 5 μm. - In the aforementioned embodiments, the necessary passive devices have to be disposed on the region outside the
HBTs 110. As shown inFIG. 3A , one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are included in thepassive layer 130 near theemitter pad 132 a excluding the region between theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b, and the one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are coupling to theHBTs 110. By shifting theemitter pad 132 a and the HBT epitaxial layers thereunder closer to thecollector pad 132 b, a space is formed under theemitter copper pillar 161. The necessary passive devices can then be disposed in this space, so that the die size can be further reduced. As shown inFIG. 3B , one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are included in thepassive layer 130 under theemitter copper pillar 161 near theemitter pad 132 a excluding the region between theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b, and the one ormore capacitors 181 andresistors 182 are coupling to theHBTs 110. - The
passive layer 130 in the present invention can include plural metal layers, which includes afirst metal layer 131 formed on the bottom of thepassive layer 130 and electrically connected to thebase electrode 121, theemitter electrode 122, and thecollector electrode 123, and asecond metal layer 132 electrically connected to the redistribution layers. Thefirst metal layer 131 can form metal pads (e.g. 131 a and 131 b) or metal lines. Thefirst metal layer 131 is made essentially of Au and containing no Cu to prevent contamination of Cu atoms to the electronic devices. Thesecond metal layer 132 forms theemitter pad 132 a and thecollector pad 132 b. Because thesecond metal layer 132 has no direct contact to the electronic devices, it can be made of metal containing Au or Cu. One or more metal layers can be included between thefirst metal layer 131 and thesecond metal layer 132 for the interconnection. A covering layer covers on the HBTs and between each pair of neighboring metal layers excluding the electrical contact regions for insulation and passivation (e.g. 133-135). The covering layer is made of insulating materials, preferably of SiN. Besides forming electrical connections, the metal layers in thepassive layer 130 can be used to form passive devices, such as capacitors. As shown inFIGS. 1B, 1E, 2B and 2D , thefirst metal layer 131, thesecond metal layer 132, and thecovering layer 134 between them can form a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, or they can form a stacked MIM capacitor by inserting one or more metal layers and covering layers in between. - In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the
HBT 110 is a compound semiconductor device formed on asubstrate 100. Thesubstrate 100 is made of compound semiconductor material, preferably of GaAs, GaN, SiC, or sapphire, and most preferably of GaAs. Theemitter redistribution layer 141 and thecollector redistribution layer 142 can be made of metal of good conductivity, such as metal containing Au or Cu, preferably of metal containing Cu. The redistribution layer can form an inductor on the first dielectric layer to take the most of the free surface area of the chip. To reach the planarization requirement of the die surface in the packaging process, thefirst dielectric layer 151 is made preferably of spin-coating dielectric materials of good trench planarization efficiency. The dielectric material is coated on the uppermost covering layer by the spin-coating process, and cured by heating. Thefirst dielectric layer 151 can be made of dielectric materials, such as polyimide, benzocyclobutene (BCB), or polybenzoxazole (PBO). Thefirst dielectric layer 151 is made more preferably of PBO for its low dielectric constant and high tensile strength. Besides, the PBO dielectric material has a greater thickness after curing, which effectively compensates the difference in height between the emitter and collector epitaxial layers, and therefore the conduction copper pillars form on top of the device can have the same height. Moreover, the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can include asecond dielectric layer 152 covering on thefirst dielectric layer 151, theemitter redistribution layer 141, and thecollector redistribution layer 142 excluding the electrical contact region that connects theemitter copper pillar 161 and thecollector copper pillar 162. Thesecond dielectric layer 152 can be made of dielectric materials, such as polyimide, BCB, or PBO, preferably of PBO. - The die size of the chip made according to the layout design shown in
FIGS. 1A-1G is about 16% smaller than the chip produced by a previous technology. The die size of the chip made according to the layout design shown inFIG. 2A is about 34% smaller than the chip produced by a previous technology, and even 40% smaller than the chip produced by a previous technology according to the layout design shown inFIG. 2C . - The present invention has the following advantages:
1. In the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention, the emitter copper pillar is disposed on the emitter electrodes of HBTs, which therefore improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the device.
2. In the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention, the necessary passive devices such as capacitors and resistors can be disposed on the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad aligned in parallel if the there is enough space. The die size is thus reduced by taking the most of the die space.
3. In the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention, the collector copper pillar can be disposed on an arbitrary position through the redistribution layer to avoid the limit of the minimum distance between copper pillars in the conventional flip-chip technology, and therefore the die size can be reduced. Moreover, the size of the collector pad can be decreased, which further reduces the die size and save the material. Besides, the emitter pad and the HBT epitaxial layer can be shift closer to the collector pad to create a space under the emitter copper pillar. The necessary passive devices such as capacitors and resistors can then be disposed in the space under the emitter copper pillar, and therefore the die size can be further reduced.
4. In the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention, the dielectric layer is made of spin-coating dielectric materials of low dielectric constant, so that the difference in height between the emitter and collector epitaxial layers can be compensated, and conduction copper pillars form on top of the device can have the same height. Besides, the difference in height between the emitter and the collector copper pillars can be compensated when the emitter copper pillar with a larger surface area partially fills in the emitter via hole, thereby improving the product yield. - To sum up, the layout structure of HBTs provided by the present invention can indeed get its anticipated object to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the chip and to reduce the die size. Besides, the uniformity of the height of the copper pillars can be improved, which leads to a higher product yield.
- The description referred to the drawings stated above is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Many equivalent local variations and modifications can still be made by those skilled at the field related with the present invention and do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, so they should be regarded to fall into the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), comprising:
one or more HBTs formed on a substrate, each comprising a base electrode, an emitter electrode, and a collector electrode;
a passive layer formed on the HBTs, comprising an emitter pad and a collector pad, wherein the emitter pad is electrically connected to each of the one or more emitter electrodes, and the collector pad is electrically connected to each of the one or more collector electrodes;
a first dielectric layer covering on the passive layer, comprising one or more emitter via holes formed on the emitter pad through the first dielectric layer and one or more collector via holes formed on the collector pad through the first dielectric layer;
a collector redistribution layer formed on the first dielectric layer and extending into the one or more collector via holes to form an electrical connection to the collector pad;
one or more emitter copper pillars, each disposed on at least one of the one or more emitter via holes and filling therein to form an electrical connection to the emitter pad; and
one or more collector copper pillars, each disposed on the collector redistribution layer to form an electrical connection to the collector redistribution layer,
wherein the collector pad forms a collector pad extension region in the passive layer, at least one of the one or more collector via holes is formed on the collector pad extension region, and each of the one or more collector copper pillars is disposed on at least one of the one or more collector via holes on the collector pad extension region and fills therein, and wherein each of the more emitter copper pillars fills at least one of the one or more emitter via holes to reduce the difference in height between the one or more emitter copper pillars and the one or more collector copper pillars.
2. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 1 , wherein an emitter redistribution layer is included on the first dielectric layer and extending into at least one of the one or more emitter via holes below one of the one or more emitter copper pillars and forms an electrical connection to the emitter pad.
3. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 2 , wherein one or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
4. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 2 , wherein one or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer under at least one of the one or more emitter copper pillars near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
5. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 2 , wherein the substrate is made of compound semiconductor material GaAs, GaN, SiC, or sapphire.
6. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 1 , wherein one or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
7. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 1 , wherein one or more capacitors and resistors are included coupling to the HBTs, and the one or more capacitors and resistors are disposed in the passive layer under at least one of the one or more emitter copper pillars near the emitter pad excluding the region between the emitter pad and the collector pad.
8. The layout structure of HBTs according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is made of compound semiconductor material GaAs, GaN, SiC, or sapphire.
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US13/913,290 US9356127B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2013-06-07 | Layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors |
US15/142,948 US20160247797A1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2016-04-29 | Layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors |
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TWI540722B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-07-01 | Win Semiconductors Corp | Layout structure of heterojunction bipolar transistors |
CN105849873B (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2019-01-11 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Semiconductor device |
JP6071009B2 (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-02-01 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Compound semiconductor device |
US10868155B2 (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2020-12-15 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Compound semiconductor device |
US11508834B2 (en) | 2014-11-27 | 2022-11-22 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Compound semiconductor device |
US9905678B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2018-02-27 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Semiconductor device with multiple HBTs having different emitter ballast resistances |
US9871009B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2018-01-16 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method |
US10026731B1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-07-17 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Compound semiconductor transistor integration with high density capacitor |
JP2018186144A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Semiconductor device and power amplifier module |
JP6858939B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2021-04-14 | 東北マイクロテック株式会社 | External connection mechanism, semiconductor device and laminated package |
US20190181251A1 (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Mesh structure for heterojunction bipolar transistors for rf applications |
US10622465B2 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-04-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) |
JP2019121735A (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-22 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Semiconductor device |
CN108598158B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-06-07 | 苏州闻颂智能科技有限公司 | A kind of cascode Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors |
US11735541B2 (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2023-08-22 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device with protective protrusion |
JP2020013926A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-01-23 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Semiconductor device |
TWI685969B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-02-21 | 立積電子股份有限公司 | Bipolar transistor |
JP2020098865A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Semiconductor device |
TWI754997B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-02-11 | 日商村田製作所股份有限公司 | Semiconductor device and high-frequency module |
US11621209B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 | 2023-04-04 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Semiconductor device thermal bump |
TWI828503B (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-01-01 | 創世電股份有限公司 | Semiconductor power component and semiconductor power package structure |
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US20140312390A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
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