US20160242485A1 - Helmet - Google Patents
Helmet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160242485A1 US20160242485A1 US15/053,470 US201615053470A US2016242485A1 US 20160242485 A1 US20160242485 A1 US 20160242485A1 US 201615053470 A US201615053470 A US 201615053470A US 2016242485 A1 US2016242485 A1 US 2016242485A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- helmet
- outer shell
- shock absorbing
- absorbing layer
- head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/10—Linings
- A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
- A42B3/125—Cushioning devices with a padded structure, e.g. foam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
- A42B3/062—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means
- A42B3/063—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures
- A42B3/064—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures with relative movement between layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/10—Linings
- A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
- A42B3/124—Cushioning devices with at least one corrugated or ribbed layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/08—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions
- A63B71/10—Body-protectors for players or sportsmen, i.e. body-protecting accessories affording protection of body parts against blows or collisions for the head
Definitions
- Concussions and other head injuries are a major concern for athletes and others participating in activities where the head may be subjected to force.
- Concussions are a form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can range in severity from mild to life threatening. It is now known that concussions are more than temporary impairments of neurological functions which resolve spontaneously. Concussions may have long lasting effects.
- the shock absorbing padding is designed to fit so closely to the wearer's head, that if the helmet receives a rotational impact in such a way to rotate the helmet, the head is subject to the same rotational impact and will also rotate on its axis (neck) as a result of the shock absorbing padding.
- Current football helmets in use today are not effective at providing protection against external forces that cause rotational impacts, which may lead to concussions.
- the inner padding fits so close to a person's head that rotational impacts to the helmet also cause rotation of the person's head.
- New shapes of helmets such as the Riddell RevolutionTM and the Riddell Revolution 360TM promise reduction technology by introducing a more spherical shape among other improvements.
- the present invention provides a helmet comprised of: a stiff outer shell; an inner liner adapted to be fitted to a wearer's head; a shock absorbing layer located between, and connected to, said stiff outer shell and said fitted inner layer; wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow said outer shell to flex rotationally relative to said inner layer in order to cushion a rotational force applied to said outer shell, and wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow said outer shell to move linearly relative to said inner liner in order to cushion a linear force applied to said outer shell.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the interior of a complete modified helmet of the present invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates the interior of a modified helmet of the present invention without an inner layer
- FIG. 3 illustrates a testing apparatus used to test the present invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates the testing apparatus with a helmet placed on the mannequin bust.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the testing apparatus 50 without a helmet.
- a mannequin bust 60 is affixed to a 25 pound turntable 70 .
- a swinging weight (5 lb) 52 is suspended above mannequin bust 60 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates the same testing apparatus 50 where helmet 1 is placed on mannequin bust 60 .
- An aluminum bar 62 is affixed to helmet 1 's facemask 2 so that it extends laterally outward from helmet 1 .
- the testing apparatus was used to test the rotational impacts imparted on the mannequin using the unmodified Riddell Revolution helmet.
- the unmodified helmet was placed securely on mannequin bust 60 .
- Aluminum bar 62 was secured to the helmet and weight 52 was dropped from a horizontal position so that it struck aluminum bar 62 and the rotation of mannequin bust 60 was measured 10 times.
- the average rotation of mannequin bust 60 was 27.55 degrees. The results of each trial are shown below in table 1.
- the inner liner of the present has been described as being custom fit from fiberglass. While this is certainly a workable way of providing a custom fit inner liner that will tend not to rotate on a person's head, it is expected that in production, the inner liner will be made from a heat moldable plastic material, so that a person could select a helmet with a liner size approximately correct for their head, and then heat the liner with a hair dryer until it is moldable. The helmet would then be put on, and the inner liner would mold itself to the head. Suitable plasters include polycaprolactones and polycaprolactone/polyurethane blends.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
Abstract
A helmet is comprised of: a stiff outer shell and an inner liner adapted to be fitted to a wearer's head. A shock absorbing layer is located between, and connected to, the stiff outer shell and the fitted inner layer. The shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow the outer shell to flex rotationally relative to the inner layer in order to cushion a rotational force applied to the outer shell. The shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow the outer shell to move linearly relative to the inner liner in order to cushion a linear force applied to the outer shell.
Description
- This invention relates generally to a protective head product. More particularly, the invention relates to a helmet that may reduce rotational impacts to the wearer.
- Concussions and other head injuries are a major concern for athletes and others participating in activities where the head may be subjected to force. Concussions are a form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can range in severity from mild to life threatening. It is now known that concussions are more than temporary impairments of neurological functions which resolve spontaneously. Concussions may have long lasting effects.
- Moreover, repetitive concussions are extremely serious and can result in permanent structural changes to the brain and may be potentially fatal. Repetitive concussions have also been linked to Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)—a degenerative brain disease characterized by: memory loss, mood swings, cognitive impairment, depression, confusion, aggression and the decline of motor skills. Some studies have suggested that CTE may triple the risk of an early death.
- The risk of concussions and other head trauma is especially prevalent in American Football due to the number of impacts a player's head may receive. Despite every football player wearing a helmet, football has the highest incidence of concussions of the major sports. This illustrates that there is a need for a helmet that may further reduce the likelihood of a player receiving a concussion.
- In order to understand how helmets may be improved, the different types of forces that can cause head trauma need to be understood. The two major types of forces are acceleration-deceleration (or linear impact) and rotational (or angular impact).
- Briefly a linear impact occurs when a person's head is struck by a “straight-line” force causing the head to move in the direction opposite of the force. During such an impact the forces may cause the brain to move relative to the skull possibly even causing the brain to strike the inside of the skull. This movement and potential striking of the brain may cause stretching and tearing of neurons or brain cells.
- An angular impact causes the head to experience rotational acceleration and is quite different from a linear impact. In this case, a force causes the head to rotate on its axis (corresponding to the neck) from side to side in a twisting motion. When a player's head is forced to rotate quickly over a large degree of rotation, nerve cells and blood vessels in the brain can be stretched, twisted and torn. The twisting and tearing of an axon may result in the death of the neuron. Consequently the damage caused by rotational impacts may be particularly severe.
- Helmets are designed to prevent head injuries, including concussions, by absorbing the impact forces to the head. The helmet should absorb and redirect that energy. Existing helmets are able to absorb linear impacts somewhat effectively. However, they are poor at absorbing rotational impacts. As a result of their potential severity, rotational impacts may be the cause of more sport concussions than linear impacts.
- Current helmets protect against linear impacts through the use of an outer polycarbonate surface (hard) and an inner layer of heavy, snug fitting and shock absorbing padding (foam, air cells, etc). The shock absorbing padding fits snuggly around the head, and is usually made of vinyl nitrate or expanded polypropylene. Such helmet designs may be effective at absorbing the force of hard hits to the head and preventing both skull fractures and direct impact concussions by distributing the force across the entire surface area of the helmet. Traditional helmets have the ability to withstand multiple impacts, by compressing and returning to its original dimensions. The outer shell of lightweight yet hard material also disperses kinetic energy.
- However, the shock absorbing padding is designed to fit so closely to the wearer's head, that if the helmet receives a rotational impact in such a way to rotate the helmet, the head is subject to the same rotational impact and will also rotate on its axis (neck) as a result of the shock absorbing padding. Current football helmets in use today are not effective at providing protection against external forces that cause rotational impacts, which may lead to concussions. The inner padding fits so close to a person's head that rotational impacts to the helmet also cause rotation of the person's head.
- Adding to the danger is the fact that the general shape of helmets, especially helmets with facemasks, may actually increase the amount of rotational force placed upon the wearer's head. This is a consequence of the force hitting the helmet a distance away from the head. The helmet may essentially act as a gear to increase the torque placed on the wearer's head.
- New shapes of helmets such as the Riddell Revolution™ and the Riddell Revolution 360™ promise reduction technology by introducing a more spherical shape among other improvements.
- The existing designs can still be improved to help reduce rotational impacts on the wearer. A suggested improvement has been the use of a lubricated flexible membrane, which is usually located between the head and the padding. Such helmets have several limitations. First the human head is not spherical and, as such, the lubricated layer may not actually allow the helmet to rotate on the head. Additionally, the rotation of the helmet may block the vision of the person, which may be very dangerous, and players may not want to wear a helmet that may limit their effectiveness in this manner. Finally the lubricated layer will permit the helmet to move around a lot, and would place far too much dependence on the chin strap.
- A helmet is needed that could help minimize the transfer of rotational impacts from the helmet to the wearer's head, which may reduce the amount of concussion injuries. A helmet is also needed that may be able to reduce the transfer of lateral impacts and rotational impacts, without reducing the wearer's sightlines and without placing too much emphasis on the chin strap.
- While this invention may be described in relation to football helmets, it is contemplated that it could be adapted for use in any type of helmet. For example it could be used in hockey helmets, motorcycle helmets, baseball helmets, bicycle helmets, ski/snowboard helmets, skateboarding helmets, lacrosse helmets, etc. The invention could be adapted for any headgear worn by a person to reduce the likelihood of head trauma.
- In a broad aspect, then, the present invention provides a helmet comprised of: a stiff outer shell; an inner liner adapted to be fitted to a wearer's head; a shock absorbing layer located between, and connected to, said stiff outer shell and said fitted inner layer; wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow said outer shell to flex rotationally relative to said inner layer in order to cushion a rotational force applied to said outer shell, and wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow said outer shell to move linearly relative to said inner liner in order to cushion a linear force applied to said outer shell.
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FIG. 1 illustrates the interior of a complete modified helmet of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates the interior of a modified helmet of the present invention without an inner layer; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a testing apparatus used to test the present invention; -
FIG. 4 illustrates the testing apparatus with a helmet placed on the mannequin bust. - With reference to the drawings different embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
- Turning to
FIG. 1 , one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. A modifiedfootball helmet 1 has anouter shell 10 and aninner liner 20.Outer shell 10 andinner liner 20 may be separated by ashock absorbing layer 30.Outer shell 10 may be the hard outer layer of a helmet (for example polycarbonate) as would be understood by a person skilled in the art. - In one embodiment
inner shell 20 is custom fit to the wearer's head. For example,inner shell 20 could be constructed from fiberglass molded to the wearer's head. However, other materials are contemplated as would be understood by a person skilled in the art. As will be discussed,inner shell 20 may be affixed to shock absorbinglayer 30 in a manner that allowsinner shell 20 to move both laterally and rotationally relative toouter shell 10. -
FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment ofshock absorbing layer 30. In this embodimentshock absorbing layer 30 is a plurality of individual cylindrical pieces offlexible foam padding 32.Foam padding 32 may be affixed at one end toouter shell 10. The other end offoam padding 32 may be affixed toinner liner 20 as can be seen best inFIG. 1 . -
Shock absorbing layer 30 is adapted to act as a flexible buffering system betweenouter shell 10 andinner liner 20 in two different manners. First,shock absorbing layer 30 may allow outer shell to move laterally relative toinner shell 20. This lateral movement cushions the wearer's head from lateral impacts to the helmet.Shock absorbing layer 30 may also disperse lateral impacts throughoutshock absorbing layer 30, thus further reducing the impact felt by the wearer. This type of protection is common among existing helmets. - Second, and importantly,
shock absorbing layer 30 may also allowouter shell 10 to rotate relative toinner shell 20. This rotational movement may cushion the wearer's head from rotational impacts to the helmet. In addition to allowing rotational movement,shock absorbing layer 30 may also disperse the rotational force of a rotational impact throughoutshock absorbing layer 30, thus further reducing the rotational impact felt by the wearer. - Therefore,
shock absorbing layer 30 should be able to compress and/or move in multiple directions.Shock absorbing layer 30 should also return to its original shape and position after any movement, thus after an impact (either rotational or lateral)outer shell 10 may return to its original position relative toinner liner 20. - A plurality of
cylindrical pieces 32 may work well asshock absorbing layer 30 because each individual piece can compress longitudinally and can also flex laterally. Differentsized pieces 32 may provide different advantages. While foam pieces have been described herein, it is contemplated thatpieces 32 could be constructed from any appropriate material as would be understood by a person skilled in the art. - While in one embodiment
shock absorbing layer 30 has been described as a plurality ofcylindrical pieces 32 herein, it would be understood by a person skilled in the art that any type of padding that is capable of compression and/or movement in multiple directions may function to absorb both lateral impacts and rotational impacts. - The result of
shock absorbing layer 30 being able to move/compress both longitudinally and laterally is if the outer layer of the helmet is subject to a rotational impact, the rotational force is not directly translated to the head and neck of the wearer.Shock absorbing layer 30 may have more flex, redirection and absorption capabilities—than the standard current helmet padding. - Additionally,
helmet 1 may actually reduce some lateral impacts more effectively than traditional helmets. For example a ‘glancing’ blow to helmet 1 (for example near the top of the helmet) may result inhelmet 1 moving laterally. In a traditional helmet, the full force of a ‘glancing’ lateral impact needs to be absorbed. In contrast,helmet 1 will absorb some of a ‘glancing’ lateral impact by rotating slightly. This is due to shock absorbinglayer 30's ability to allowinner liner 20 to rotate relative toouter shell 10 and to cushion the force. As a result, when a ‘glancing’ force strikes the top ofhelmet 1,outer shell 20 may move both laterally and rotationally andshock absorbing layer 30 may absorb the force both laterally and rotationally. - While the invention has been described with reference to various embodiments, the scope of the claims should not be limited by the embodiments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.
- One embodiment of the present invention was tested to see if the effects of rotational impacts on a wearer would be reduced compared to a traditional helmet. For the testing, a Riddell Revolution helmet was used. This helmet had received a 5 star rating by the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech in 2012, which tested a variety of professional football helmets.
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FIG. 3 illustrates thetesting apparatus 50 without a helmet. Amannequin bust 60 is affixed to a 25pound turntable 70. A swinging weight (5 lb) 52 is suspended abovemannequin bust 60.FIG. 4 illustrates thesame testing apparatus 50 wherehelmet 1 is placed onmannequin bust 60. Analuminum bar 62 is affixed tohelmet 1'sfacemask 2 so that it extends laterally outward fromhelmet 1. - Swinging
weight 52 is positioned so that it is adapted to strikealuminum 62 in order to create a rotational impact onhelmet 1. Swinging weight (5 lb) 52 was released from a horizontal position and the rotation of mannequin bust 60 relative to its starting position was measured. - First, the testing apparatus was used to test the rotational impacts imparted on the mannequin using the unmodified Riddell Revolution helmet. The unmodified helmet was placed securely on
mannequin bust 60.Aluminum bar 62 was secured to the helmet andweight 52 was dropped from a horizontal position so that it struckaluminum bar 62 and the rotation of mannequin bust 60 was measured 10 times. The average rotation of mannequin bust 60 was 27.55 degrees. The results of each trial are shown below in table 1. - Second, the testing apparatus was used to test an embodiment of the present invention. The
outer shell 10 of the same Riddell Revolution helmet tested as a control was used for consistency. The original inner padding was removed from the helmet and replaced with a numerous cylindrical pieces offoam padding 32 cut to match the thickness of the helmet padding (seeFIG. 1 andFIG. 2 ). The cylindrical pieces of foam were glued toouter layer 10 such that they extended inwardly. - A custom fit fiberglass
inner liner 20 was form fitted to mannequin bust 60's head. The outer side ofinner liner 20 was sprayed with an adhesive and affixed to the inwardly extending pieces of foam padding 32 (seeFIG. 1 ). - The completed modified helmet was placed on mannequin bust 60 with a secure fit. Again,
aluminum bar 62 is affixed tohelmet 1's facemask so that it extended forwardly from the helmet. Swingingweight 52 was dropped from the same horizontal position (same height as the unmodified helmet) to strike piece ofwood 62 and the rotation of mannequin bust 60 was measured 10 times. The average rotation for modifiedhelmet 1 of the present invention was 18.2 degrees of rotation. The results of each trial are shown below in table 1. -
TABLE 1 Results of Testing Trial Degrees of Angular Rotation Degrees of Angular Rotation Number (unmodified helmet) (unmodified helmet) 1 27.5 17 2 28 18 3 28 18 4 27 17 5 27 18 6 27 19 7 28 20 8 28 20 9 28 18 10 27 17 - Thus, the testing showed a reduction of about 9.35 degrees of rotation. This corresponds to 33.8% less rotation transmitted from the rotational impact.
- The results suggest that the present innovative helmet design, having a shock absorbing layer that allows an inner liner to move both laterally and rotationally relative to the outer shell and inner liner, may have significant reduction in head concussions in contact sports such as football, particularly concussions caused by rotational impact forces.
- The inner liner of the present has been described as being custom fit from fiberglass. While this is certainly a workable way of providing a custom fit inner liner that will tend not to rotate on a person's head, it is expected that in production, the inner liner will be made from a heat moldable plastic material, so that a person could select a helmet with a liner size approximately correct for their head, and then heat the liner with a hair dryer until it is moldable. The helmet would then be put on, and the inner liner would mold itself to the head. Suitable plasters include polycaprolactones and polycaprolactone/polyurethane blends.
Claims (5)
1. A helmet comprised of:
a stiff outer shell;
an inner liner adapted to be fitted to a wearer's head;
a shock absorbing layer located between, and connected to, said stiff outer shell and said fitted inner layer;
wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow said outer shell to flex rotationally relative to said inner layer in order to cushion a rotational force applied to said outer shell, and
wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to allow said outer shell to move linearly relative to said inner liner in order to cushion a linear force applied to said outer shell.
2. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein said shock absorbing layer is adapted to return to its original orientation.
3. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein said shock absorbing layer is comprised of a plurality of protruding cylindrical pieces.
4. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein said outer shell is composed of polycarbonate.
5. The helmet of claim 1 , wherein said helmet is a football helmet.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/053,470 US20160242485A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Helmet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US201562120626P | 2015-02-25 | 2015-02-25 | |
US15/053,470 US20160242485A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Helmet |
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US20160242485A1 true US20160242485A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
Family
ID=56693425
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US15/053,470 Abandoned US20160242485A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-02-25 | Helmet |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150257472A1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Charles Owen & Company (Bow) Limited | Helmet |
USD850012S1 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-05-28 | Riddell, Inc. | Internal padding assembly of a protective sports helmet |
USD850013S1 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-05-28 | Riddell, Inc. | Internal padding assembly of a protective sports helmet |
USD850011S1 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-05-28 | Riddell, Inc. | Internal padding assembly of a protective sports helmet |
US10624406B2 (en) | 2016-09-15 | 2020-04-21 | Richard Todaro | Protective sports helmet |
US10780338B1 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2020-09-22 | Riddell, Inc. | System and methods for designing and manufacturing bespoke protective sports equipment |
USD927084S1 (en) | 2018-11-22 | 2021-08-03 | Riddell, Inc. | Pad member of an internal padding assembly of a protective sports helmet |
US11167198B2 (en) | 2018-11-21 | 2021-11-09 | Riddell, Inc. | Football helmet with components additively manufactured to manage impact forces |
US11399589B2 (en) | 2018-08-16 | 2022-08-02 | Riddell, Inc. | System and method for designing and manufacturing a protective helmet tailored to a selected group of helmet wearers |
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