US20160221077A1 - Bondcasting process using investment and sand casting - Google Patents

Bondcasting process using investment and sand casting Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160221077A1
US20160221077A1 US14/610,169 US201514610169A US2016221077A1 US 20160221077 A1 US20160221077 A1 US 20160221077A1 US 201514610169 A US201514610169 A US 201514610169A US 2016221077 A1 US2016221077 A1 US 2016221077A1
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sub
component
sand
void
investment
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US14/610,169
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English (en)
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Mark A. White
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Raytheon Technologies Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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Priority to US14/610,169 priority Critical patent/US20160221077A1/en
Assigned to UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION reassignment UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WHITE, MARK A.
Priority to EP18193275.7A priority patent/EP3427864A1/de
Priority to EP16153301.3A priority patent/EP3059030B1/de
Publication of US20160221077A1 publication Critical patent/US20160221077A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/04—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for joining parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing and, more particularly, a method of casting an apparatus constructed from at least two, but possibly many, different materials.
  • first sub-components are made from a material that can withstand investment or die casting without melting or becoming damaged or when the second sub-component has a configuration suited for investment or die casting (the sub-component is not too large and/or does not have features that cannot be investment or die casted). Additionally, the investment or die casting processes may need to be altered to accommodate the inclusion of the first sub-components that are not being investment or die casted.
  • a method of making an apparatus constructed from at least two different materials includes investment casting a first sub-component constructed from a first material with the first sub-component having a locking feature, placing a first pattern in sand to create a first sand casting mold, placing a second pattern in sand to create a second sand casting mold, removing the first pattern and the second pattern, positioning the first sub-component in a first impression in the first sand casting mold with the first impression being sized to house at least a portion of the first sub-component and the first sub-component being positioned so that the locking feature is adjoining a second impression in the first sand casting mold that has the same dimensions as at least a portion of a second sub-component, assembling the first sand casting mold and the second sand casting mold so that the first sub-component is within a first cavity having the same dimensions as the first sub-component and a second cavity having the same dimensions as the second sub-component is formed adjacent to the locking feature, introducing a second
  • a method of forming a component having a plurality of parts constructed from at least two different materials includes forming a first part made from a first material, placing a sandcasting pattern in a sand molding box, filling the sand molding box with sand, removing the sandcasting pattern from the sand molding box, placing the first part in a first portion of a void in the sand with the void formed by the removal of the sandcasting pattern, filling a remaining area of the void with a second material, and allowing the second material to solidify to form a second part.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a bondcasting process.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-section of a portion of a mold used in the bondcasting process.
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-section of a portion of the finished apparatus constructed through use of the mold in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a portion of a finished apparatus constructed through the bondcasting process having another embodiment of a locking feature.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a portion of a finished apparatus constructed through the bondcasting process having yet another embodiment of a locking feature.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-section of a portion of a turbine exhaust case constructed through the bondcasting process.
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-section of a portion of the turbine exhaust case of FIG. 3A taken along section line B-B.
  • a method entitled “bondcasting” is disclosed herein that can include elements of the investment casting process and the sand casting process and introduces new elements to cast a finished apparatus that has sub-components constructed from multiple materials.
  • the bondcasting process does not require the sub-components to be welded, riveted, bolted, or otherwise fastened to one another after the bondcasting process is complete because the sub-components are locked together through mechanical engagements (the geometry of the sub-components holds the sub-components stationary relative to one another).
  • the bondcasting process can be performed even if a sub-component is constructed from a material that has a relatively high melting point, like a superalloy (such as a nickel based superalloy), and/or if a sub-component requires hollow features or an opening within the sub-component.
  • the bondcasting process can also be performed even if a sub-component is too large to be efficiently constructed through another casting process, such as die casting.
  • the bondcasting process is flexible and allows for easy adjustment to produce sub-components that are closer to the desired configuration because the pattern and molds used to make the finished apparatus can be formed and altered more easily than other processes. This flexibility is important when multiple sub-components are being constructed together to form a finished apparatus.
  • the bondcasting process described below discusses a summary of the investment casting process (which occurs before the steps of the sand casting sub-process of the bondcasting process), some steps of the investment casting process can be added or omitted. Additionally, the sub-component does not need to be constructed through the investment casting process and can be constructed through another process, such as forging. Likewise, while the bondcasting process described below discusses a version of the sand casting process with modifications and additions, some steps of the sand casting process can be added or omitted.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a bondcasting process.
  • Bondcasting process 10 is separated into investment casting sub-process 12 , which includes some steps that are related to the industry-known investment casting process, and sand casting sub-process 14 , which includes some steps that are related to the industry-known sand casting process.
  • Both investment casting sub-process 12 and sand casting sub-process 14 have additional and/or modified steps that accommodate bondcasting process 10 and distinguish bondcasting process 10 from known processes.
  • bondcasting process 10 can omit investment casting sub-process 12 and instead include another sub-process used to construct a first sub-component (known as the investment cast sub-component below).
  • Investment casting sub-process 12 of bondcasting process 10 includes the steps of forming the investment 20 , removing the wax pattern from the investment 22 , introducing the investment casting material into the investment 24 , and removing the investment 26 .
  • Sand casting sub-process 14 of bondcasting process 10 includes placing the pattern into the molding boxes 30 , filling the molding boxes with sand 32 , removing the pattern to form the molds 34 , placing the investment cast sub-component in the mold 36 , aligning the investment cast sub-component 38 , combining the molding boxes to create a complete mold 40 , introducing the sand casting material into the mold 42 , solidifying the sand cast sub-component 44 , removing the molding boxes and molds 46 , and performing the final finishing 48 .
  • Investment casting sub-process 12 can begin by forming the investment 20 .
  • a wax pattern can be constructed (through the use of a master pattern and/or master die). Then the wax pattern is encapsulated with the investment, which can include coating the wax pattern with slurry, stuccoing (covering) the coating/wax pattern with a powder/particulate (usually a ceramic based particulate), and hardening the coating/stucco.
  • the coating/stucco should completely and fully encapsulate the wax pattern so that the coating/stucco has the same inner geometry as an outer geometry of the wax pattern (the coating/stucco is the negative of the dimensions of the wax pattern).
  • These steps can be repeated as needed to arrive at an investment (which is the coating/stucco shell) that is sufficiently thick and structurally supportive to withstand the remaining steps of investment casting sub-process 12 .
  • Removing the wax pattern from the investment 22 is then executed. During this process, the wax pattern is melted and/or vaporized to remove it from within the investment.
  • the method used to remove the wax pattern from the investment depends on the material used to create the wax pattern and the resiliency of the investment, but removal of the wax pattern should be done in such a way so as to not disturb the inner geometry of the investment.
  • Introducing the investment casting material into the investment 24 is usually performed by pouring an investment casting material, which is the material used to make the desired sub-component (known as the investment cast sub-component), into a void in the investment that was previously occupied by the wax pattern.
  • the investment casting material should be in a fluidic state, likely at an elevated temperature.
  • the investment casting material can be a variety of materials, including a metallic material, a superalloy (such as a nickel based superalloy), or any other desired material that is able to be melted, poured into the investment, and hardened to form the investment cast sub-component.
  • the temperature needed to liquefy/melt the casting material can govern the materials used to make the investment, for the investment must be suited to handle the elevated temperature of the investment casting material and the stresses incurred during the cooling of the investment casting material.
  • the investment casting material is cooled so that it hardens into a solid in the shape of the previously removed wax pattern (the solid is known as the investment cast sub-component).
  • removing the investment 26 separates the investment (the hardened coating/stucco) from the investment cast sub-component.
  • the investment can be removed through hammering, blasting, vibrating, water-jetting, chemical dissolving, and/or other processes. Removal of the investment results in the investment cast sub-component remaining without the investment (the coating/stucco shell).
  • final finishing such as grinding, can be performed as desired to arrive at the final finished investment cast sub-component.
  • the final design of the total component may call for multiple investment cast sub-components. If multiple investment cast sub-components are required, the multiple pieces can go through investment casting sub-process 12 together by being attached to a common structural support (known as a tree), put through the investment process together, and separated after the investment has been removed.
  • a common structural support known as a tree
  • investment casting sub-process 12 can be used to construct a sub-component from a material that has a relatively high melting point, like a superalloy (such as a nickel based superalloy). Investment casting sub-process 12 is also used when the investment cast sub-component requires hollow features or an opening within the investment cast sub-component. Additionally, investment casting sub-process 12 is used to preserve the chemical and physical properties of the investment casting material to arrive at a material composition that exhibits desired characteristics, such as desired metallic grain structure (e.g., single crystal grain structure). As discussed below with regards to sand casting sub-process 14 of bondcasting process 10 , the investment cast sub-component (or multiple sub-components) is incorporated into sand casting sub-process 14 to create a finished apparatus constructed from more than one material.
  • a superalloy such as a nickel based superalloy
  • investment casting sub-process 12 is also used when the investment cast sub-component requires hollow features or an opening within the investment cast sub-component. Additionally, investment casting
  • Bondcasting process 10 can omit investment casting sub-process 12 and can instead include another sub-process, such as forging or permanent mold casting, to form the sub-component that will be inserted into the mold during sand casting sub-process 14 .
  • another sub-process such as forging or permanent mold casting
  • multiple sub-components that will be inserted into the mold during sand casting sub-process 14 can be formed through different sub-processes, such as one sub-component made through investment casting sub-process 12 and another sub-component made through forging, permanent mold casting, or another sub-process.
  • the investment cast component can be formed through another sub-process.
  • the first step is placing the pattern into the molding boxes 30 .
  • a pattern which is a replica of the finished apparatus having the same dimensions as the finished apparatus, is placed into a molding box.
  • the pattern is shaped such that when sand is filled around the pattern and the pattern is removed, a void is left behind that is a replica of the finished apparatus.
  • the various methods for constructing the pattern are known in the industry and include the use of a master die and/or etching or machining the pattern directly into a form.
  • the pattern can be two pieces, known as the cope and the drag, that each include a portion of the replica having the same dimensions as part of both the investment cast sub-component and the sand cast sub-component (the two patterns are used in a first sand molding box and a second sand molding box and the two sand molding boxes and then brought together).
  • the pattern can be made from a variety of materials, including wood, plastic, metal, or another material.
  • each pattern also includes planar extending surfaces that, when combined with the molding boxes (discussed below), create a box-like structure that is able to hold sand to create the mold.
  • the portion of the pattern that is the replica of the finished apparatus may need to be configured to form a void that is slightly larger than the desired finished apparatus to account for contraction of the sand casting material during solidification/cooling (the pattern may need to have slightly larger dimensions than the finished apparatus). Because only the sand casting material may contract during sand casting sub-process 14 , it may be necessary only for the void that will be filled with the sand casting material to be enlarged.
  • Each pattern is placed into a corresponding molding box, which usually has four sides forming a rectangle. The pattern attaches to the four sides and forms a fifth side which, together with the four sides, creates a box into which sand may be introduced and contained to create the mold. The pattern is attached to the four sides in such a manner that the portion of the replica of the finished apparatus extends into the sand molding box. Generally there are two molding boxes, but other configurations can have just one molding box or more than one molding box.
  • the molding boxes are completely filled with sand and packed so that when the patterns are removed, an indent remains in each of the sand-filled molding boxes that has a portion of the same dimensions as the finished apparatus such that when the first molding box and second molding box are combined, the indent forms a void with the same dimensions as the finished apparatus.
  • the packed sand with the indent caused by the pattern is known as the mold.
  • the “sand” used to fill the molding boxes to create the molds does not necessarily have to be pure silica or calcium carbonate sand, for “sand” is an industry term of art.
  • the sand material can be a variety of materials and/or mixtures, such as a mixture that includes silica sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, olivine, staurolite, graphite, bentonite (clay), water, inert sludge, anthracite, adhesive, binders, oil, resin, cushioning material, reducing agents, iron oxide powder, sodium silicate, synthetic sand, or other materials.
  • the sand should collectively form a substance that can completely form to the shape of the pattern and sustain that shape after the pattern has been removed from the molding boxes and while the void in the mold is filled with the investment cast sub-component and the sand casting material. After the molding boxes are filled with sand, the sand can be left to harden or may undergo further treatment to ensure the sand hardens (such as heating).
  • the patterns are each removed from the molding boxes so that the molding boxes are left behind and a mold (the remaining formed sand structure) is formed in the sand in each molding box with each mold having a void (the indent left in the mold by the pattern).
  • the molds should be a negative replica of the finished apparatus such that the voids formed by each of the molds should have the same dimensions as a portion of the finished apparatus such that when the molds are brought together the void formed has the same dimensions as the finished apparatus.
  • placing the investment cast sub-component in the mold 36 is performed.
  • the investment cast sub-component is placed in one of the molds (to fill at least a portion of the void) in one of the molding boxes, for the two molding boxes are separate from one another up until a subsequent step (when the first sand molding box and the second sand molding box are combined).
  • the investment cast sub-component is positioned in the void in one mold, which has a portion of the same shape as the investment cast sub-component and the sand cast sub-component.
  • the void should be sized so the mold in the molding boxes is not disturbed (the sand does not shift) by the placement of the investment cast sub-component, and the sand should provide sufficient support in the mold to support the investment cast sub-component.
  • aligning the investment cast sub-component in the mold 38 is performed.
  • a number of different pieces, including multiple investment cast sub-components, can be placed in the void, with the different investment cast sub-components being carefully aligned in the void to produce a finished apparatus with multiple investment cast sub-components adjoining the sand cast sub-component (as shown in FIG. 5A ).
  • one or more of the investment cast sub-components can include one or multiple locking features having a variety of configurations, such as projections, grooves, or other configurations (shown in FIGS.
  • combining the molding boxes to create a complete mold 40 is performed to create a fully enclosed void that has the same dimensions as the sand cast sub-component.
  • Combining the molding boxes to create a complete mold 40 should be done with care so that the mold and the void are not disturbed (the sand does not shift).
  • the remaining portion of the void can be adjoining the investment cast sub-component and can have within it one or multiple locking features and/or other features (as discussed above).
  • the sand should be structurally sufficient to allow for movement and combining of the molding boxes without the sand shifting and altering the molds.
  • the sand casting material can be introduced into the void through a hole in the sand that extends from the surface of the molding box to the void.
  • the sand casting material used to fill the void can be a variety of materials, such as metal, an alloy, a plastic, or a resin.
  • the material can have a melting point equal to or less than the melting point of the investment cast sub-component to ensure that the investment cast sub-component does not melt when the high temperature liquefied/molten sand casting material is introduced into the void adjoining the investment cast sub-component. If the temperature of the sand casting material is close to the melting point of the investment cast sub-component when it is introduced into the void, a metallurgical or semi-metallurgical bond can form between the investment cast sub-component and the sand cast sub-component due to partial or complete melting of the surface of the investment cast sub-component adjoining the sand cast sub-component (in additional to a mechanical engagement). If the temperature of the sand casting material is significantly less than the melting point of the investment cast sub-component when it is introduced into the void, no melting of the investment cast sub-component will result and only a mechanical engagement (due to the locking feature) is formed.
  • solidifying the sand cast sub-component 44 ensures that the sand casting material takes the shape of the remaining void to form the desired configuration of the finished apparatus.
  • the sand cast sub-component can be allowed to solidify on its own, or various measures can be taken to ensure the sand casting material of the sand cast sub-component solidifies properly to preserve the chemical and physical properties of the sand cast sub-component.
  • the sand casting material is allowed to solidify adjacent to the locking feature such that the configuration of the solidified sand cast sub-component and the locking feature form a bond that prevents the sand cast sub-component and the investment cast sub-component from moving relative to one another.
  • the mechanical engagement formed between the locking feature and the sand cast sub-component is a result of the geometry of both, which prevents the two from moving relative to one another.
  • the molds and molding boxes 44 is performed. With the sand cast sub-component solidified and in place adjacent to the investment cast sub-component, the molds, which are constructed from sand, and the molding boxes are separated from the finished apparatus. Usually, the molding boxes can be separated from the sand, molds, and finished apparatus without much difficulty. Depending on the composition of the sand, various means of removing the sand can be used, including hammering, blasting, vibrating, water-jetting, chemical dissolving, and/or other processes.
  • performing the final finishing 46 is done, if needed, on the finished apparatus (which includes the investment cast sub-component and the sand cast sub-component) to remove any imperfections.
  • the final finishing can be done through grinding or another process, such as cleaning the finished apparatus with a chemical solution.
  • bondcasting process 10 results in a finished apparatus that has multiple sub-components made from different materials. Bondcasting process 10 enables the construction of a finished apparatus having materials that are not able to be incorporated into a finished apparatus through another process without the need for costly and time consuming fabrication through welding, bolting, or otherwise fastening the sub-components together.
  • the differing sub-components referred to above as the investment cast sub-component(s) and the sand cast sub-component, can be secured to one another through one or multiple locking features.
  • the locking feature can have a variety of configurations, with some nonlimiting embodiments provided in FIGS. 2C, 3, and 4 .
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-section of a portion of molds 50 used in bondcasting process 10
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-section of the portion of molds 50 with a first sub-component of a finished apparatus
  • FIG. 2C is a cross-section of finished apparatus 59 constructed through the use of molds 50 in FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2A shows a portion of molds 50 (first mold 50 A and second mold 50 B) having void 53 with first portion 52 (which will house the investment cast sub-component) and second portion 54 (which will house the sand cast sub-component).
  • first mold 50 A and second mold 50 B each have a part of first portion 52 and second portion 54 , which is formed by the two patterns discussed in bondcasting process 10 above. After the two patterns (not shown) are removed, first mold 50 A and second mold 50 B remain behind, with first mold 50 A within the first sand molding box (not shown) and second mold 50 B within second sand molding box (not shown). While FIG.
  • FIG. 2A shows first mold 50 A adjacent to second mold 50 B (to show void 53 ), the two molds would not be adjacent to one another until combining the molding boxes to create the molds 40 , which is after the investment cast sub-component is placed in first portion 52 , which is shown in FIG. 2B .
  • FIG. 2B shows a portion of molds 50 (first mold 50 A and second mold 50 B) having void 53 with investment cast sub-component 62 (within first portion 52 , hidden by investment cast sub-component 62 ) and second portion 54 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 62 includes locking feature 64 (with projection 64 A and end 64 B) and hollow feature 66 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 62 will be described in greater detail in regards to FIG. 2C .
  • FIG. 2B shows investment cast sub-component 62 within first portion 52 of void 53 , with locking feature 64 extending into second portion 54 .
  • First portion 52 should have a similar shape as investment cast sub-component 62 so that molds 50 are not disturbed when investment cast sub-component 62 is placed within first portion 52 during bondcasting process 10 .
  • FIG. 2C includes finished apparatus 59 having sand cast sub-component 60 and investment cast sub-component 62 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 62 has locking feature 64 (with projection 64 A and end 64 B) and hollow feature 66 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 62 is formed through investment casting sub-process 12 of bondcasting process 10 and is configured to include locking feature 64 having projection 64 A, which extends away from the body of investment cast sub-component 62 , and end 64 B, which extends away from projection 64 A and provides an extension around which sand cast sub-component 60 can solidify to hold sand cast sub-component 60 and investment cast sub-component 62 stationary relative to one another.
  • investment cast sub-component 62 is placed and then aligned within the mold such that locking feature 64 extends into second portion 54 of void 53 , which is then filled with the second casting material to form sand cast sub-component 60 around end 64 B, producing a mechanical engagement. As shown in FIGS.
  • Investment cast sub-component 62 also has hollow feature 66 , which is an opening that allows air, another fluid, or another part to go therein. Creation of hollow feature 66 in investment cast sub-component 62 would be difficult through the use of another process, such as die casting, but is a common practice in the investment casting process and can be accommodated in bondcasting process 10 .
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a finished apparatus constructed through bondcasting process 10 having another embodiment of a locking feature.
  • FIG. 3 includes finished apparatus 159 having sand cast sub-component 160 and investment cast sub-component 162 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 162 has locking feature 164 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 162 is formed through investment casting sub-process 12 of bondcasting process 10 and is configured to include locking feature 164 , which is a groove into which sand cast sub-component 160 can extend (into which the liquefied sand casting material can flow and eventually solidify).
  • Locking feature 164 can have a dovetail configuration in which the sides of locking feature 164 angle inward to prevent sand cast sub-component 160 from becoming separated from investment cast sub-component 162 .
  • investment cast sub-component 162 is placed and aligned within the mold such that investment cast sub-component 162 and locking feature 164 are adjacent to a void which is then filled with the second casting material to form sand cast sub-component 160 .
  • Sand cast sub-component 160 then solidifies adjacent to and within locking feature 164 , producing a mechanical engagement.
  • the temperature of the sand casting material when introduced into the void can be varied to cause the surface of investment cast sub-component 162 to melt such that when second cast sub-component 160 and the surface of investment cast sub-component 162 solidify, a metallurgical or semi-metallurgical bond forms along with the mechanical engagement.
  • FIG. 3 shows locking feature 64 as one groove, locking feature 64 can have other configurations, such as multiple grooves or holes.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a finished apparatus constructed through bondcasting process 10 having a third embodiment of a locking feature.
  • FIG. 4 includes finished apparatus 259 having sand cast sub-component 260 and investment cast sub-component 262 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 262 has locking feature 264 .
  • Investment cast sub-component 262 is formed through investment casting sub-process 12 of bondcasting process 10 and is configured to include locking feature 264 , which is a relatively wide projection that extends away from the body of investment cast sub-component 262 to provide an extension around which sand cast sub-component 260 can solidify to hold sand cast sub-component 260 and investment cast sub-component 262 stationary relative to one another.
  • locking feature 264 is a relatively wide projection that extends away from the body of investment cast sub-component 262 to provide an extension around which sand cast sub-component 260 can solidify to hold sand cast sub-component 260 and investment cast sub-component 262 stationary relative to one another.
  • bondcasting process 10 investment cast sub-component 262 is placed and aligned within the mold such that locking feature 264 extends into a void which is then filled with the second casting material to form sand cast sub-component 260 around locking feature 264 , producing a mechanical engagement.
  • sand would be in place in the space between sand cast sub-component 260 and investment cast sub-component 262 during some of the steps of sand casting sub-process 14 of bondcasting process 10 to ensure that finished apparatus 259 includes such a space.
  • the temperature of the sand casting material when introduced into the void can be varied to cause the surface of locking feature 264 to melt such that when second cast sub-component 260 and locking feature 264 solidify, a metallurgical or semi-metallurgical bond forms along with the mechanical engagement.
  • FIG. 4 shows locking feature 64 as a generally dovetail shaped projection, locking feature 64 can have other configurations.
  • FIG. 5A is a cross-section of a portion of a turbine exhaust case constructed through bondcasting process 10
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-section of a portion of the turbine exhaust case of FIG. 3A taken along section line B-B.
  • Turbine exhaust case 359 includes first sand cast sub-component 360 , a plurality of investment cast sub-components 362 (with each investment cast sub-component 362 having a plurality of locking features 364 ), and second sand cast sub-component 368 .
  • Turbine exhaust case 359 is an exemplary embodiment of a device that can be constructed through bondcasting process 10 .
  • the six investment cast sub-components 362 are similar in shape and size and can be made at the same time (going through investment casting sub-process 12 together by being attached to a tree) or can be made independently by going through investment casting sub-process 12 individually.
  • FIG. 5A shows a cross-section of turbine exhaust case 359 , the hollow features within each investment cast sub-component 362 are not shown even though each investment cast sub-component 362 includes at least one hollow feature.
  • bondcasting process 10 can be used to construct a finished apparatus with more investment cast sub-components 362 .
  • sand casting sub-process 14 of bondcasting process 10 is performed with a pattern being used to make a mold forming a void or multiple voids having the same dimensions of first sand cast sub-component 360 , investment cast sub-components 362 , and second sand cast sub-component 368 .
  • investment cast sub-components 362 are placed in the mold and carefully aligned so that locking features 364 on each investment cast sub-component 362 are adjoining the voids that will eventually form first sand cast sub-component 360 and second sand cast sub-component 368 .
  • the mold is completed by placing the two molds in the first and second molding boxes together. This creates the complete void having the same shape as first sand cast sub-component 360 and another complete void having the same shape as second cast sub-component 368 . Then the two voids are filled with a sand casting material.
  • One material can be used to form first sand cast sub-component 360 and another material can be used to form second sand cast sub-component 368 or the same material can be used to form both.
  • the sand casting materials completely fill the voids such that locking features 364 , which project into the voids, are surrounded by the sand casting material.
  • turbine exhaust case 359 is a finished apparatus with sub-components that are of different materials.
  • the sub-components are prevented from movement relative to one another through locking features 364 , with an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5B as a dovetail configuration that prevents first sand cast sub-component 360 from separating from investment cast sub-component 362 (the structure forms a geometrical configuration that does not allow sand cast sub-component 360 to be pulled away from investment cast sub-component 362 ; this configuration is known as a mechanical engagement). While FIG. 5B shows locking feature 364 as a projection having a dovetail configuration, locking feature 364 can have various other configurations that prevent the sub-components from moving relative to one another, with some examples shown in previous figures.
  • bondcasting process 10 includes investment casting sub-process 12 and sand casting sub-process 14 , with new steps incorporated therein that are necessary to manufacture a finished apparatus that has sub-components constructed from multiple materials.
  • Bondcasting process 10 can omit investment casting sub-process 12 and can include another sub-process suited to produce the first sub-component. Bondcasting process 10 does not require the sub-components (the investment cast sub-components and the sand cast sub-components) to be welded, riveted, bolted, or otherwise fastened to one another after bondcasting process 10 is complete because the sub-components will be locked together through mechanical engagements.
  • Bondcasting process 10 can be performed even if a sub-component is constructed from a material that has a relatively high melting point, like a superalloy (such as a nickel based superalloy), and/or if a sub-component requires hollow features or an opening within the sub-component. Bondcasting process 10 can also be performed even if a sub-component is too large to be efficiently constructed through another casting process, such as die casting. Additionally, bondcasting process 10 is flexible and allows for easy adjustment to produce sub-components that are closer to the desired configuration because the pattern and molds used to make the finished apparatus can be formed and altered more easily than other processes. This flexibility is important when multiple sub-components are being constructed together to form a finished apparatus.
  • a superalloy such as a nickel based superalloy
  • a method of manufacturing an apparatus includes providing a first sub-component having a locking feature with the first sub-component being constructed from a superalloy, placing the first sub-component into a void in sand in a sand molding box with the void having a first portion shaped like the first sub-component and a second portion shaped like a second sub-component and the first sub-component sitting in the void such that the locking feature is adjoining the second portion and the second portion is unoccupied by the first sub-component, introducing a second material in a fluidic state into the second portion so that the second material is adjacent to at least a part of the locking feature, and allowing the second material to solidify to form the second sub-component adjoining the locking feature.
  • the method of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations, steps, and/or additional components:
  • the step of placing the first sub-component into the void in the sand casting mold includes molding part of the first portion of the void and part of the second portion of the void in a first sand molding box through the use of a first pattern, placing at least a part of the first sub-component into the part of the first portion of the void, molding a remaining part of the first portion of the void and a remaining part of the second portion of the void in a second sand molding box through the use of a second pattern, and placing the second sand molding box adjacent to the first sand molding box.
  • the part of the first portion in the first sand molding box and the remaining part of the first portion in the second sand molding box form the void that has the same dimensions as the first sub-component such that when at least a part of the first sub-component is placed into the part of the first portion of the first half of the sand molding box the sand in the first half of the sand molding box is undisturbed and when the remaining part of the first portion in the second half of the sand molding box is placed adjacent to the first half of the sand molding box the sand in the second half of the sand molding box is undisturbed.
  • the first sub-component is made up of a plurality of pieces with each piece being similarly shaped and unattached to other pieces of the first sub-component.
  • the second sub-component has an annular shape and the plurality of pieces of the first sub-component are arranged radially within the second sub-component.
  • the locking feature is a projection that extends into the second portion such that the second sub-component solidifies around the locking feature.
  • the first sub-component includes at least one hollow feature.
  • the melting temperature of the first material is higher than the melting temperature of the second material.
  • the first component is constructed using investment casting.
  • a method of making an apparatus constructed from at least two different materials includes investment casting a first sub-component constructed from a first material with the first sub-component having a locking feature, placing a first pattern in sand to create a first sand casting mold, placing a second pattern in sand to create a second sand casting mold, removing the first pattern and the second pattern, positioning the first sub-component in a first impression in the first sand casting mold with the first impression being sized to house at least a portion of the first sub-component and the first sub-component being positioned so that the locking feature is adjoining a second impression in the first sand casting mold that has the same dimensions as at least a portion of a second sub-component, assembling the first sand casting mold and the second sand casting mold so that the first sub-component is within a first cavity having the same dimensions as the first sub-component and a second cavity having the same dimensions as the second sub-component is formed adjacent to the locking feature, introducing a second
  • the second sub-component solidifies around the locking feature.
  • the first sub-component includes at least one hollow feature.
  • a method of forming a component having a plurality of parts constructed from at least two different materials includes forming a first part made from a first material, placing a sandcasting pattern in a sand molding box, filling the sand molding box with sand, removing the sandcasting pattern from the sand molding box, placing the first part in a first portion of a void in the sand with the void formed by the removal of the sandcasting pattern, filling a remaining area of the void with a second material, and allowing the second material to solidify to form a second part.
  • the method of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations, steps, and/or additional components:
  • the first part and the third part are formed using investment casting.
  • the first part is a plurality of similarly shaped pieces.
  • the first part is made from a high temperature alloy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
US14/610,169 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Bondcasting process using investment and sand casting Abandoned US20160221077A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/610,169 US20160221077A1 (en) 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Bondcasting process using investment and sand casting
EP18193275.7A EP3427864A1 (de) 2015-01-30 2016-01-29 Giessverfahren um zwei teile zu verbinden, welches feingiessen und sandgiessen verwendet
EP16153301.3A EP3059030B1 (de) 2015-01-30 2016-01-29 Giessverfahren um zwei teile zu verbinden, welches feingiessen und sandgiessen verwendet

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US14/610,169 US20160221077A1 (en) 2015-01-30 2015-01-30 Bondcasting process using investment and sand casting

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Publication number Publication date
EP3059030B1 (de) 2018-10-17
EP3427864A1 (de) 2019-01-16
EP3059030A3 (de) 2016-11-30
EP3059030A2 (de) 2016-08-24

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