US20160130900A1 - Expandable section mill and method - Google Patents
Expandable section mill and method Download PDFInfo
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- US20160130900A1 US20160130900A1 US14/803,517 US201514803517A US2016130900A1 US 20160130900 A1 US20160130900 A1 US 20160130900A1 US 201514803517 A US201514803517 A US 201514803517A US 2016130900 A1 US2016130900 A1 US 2016130900A1
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- jaw member
- piston
- jaw
- expandable section
- internal channel
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- Abandoned
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/002—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
- E21B29/005—Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe with a radially-expansible cutter rotating inside the pipe, e.g. for cutting an annular window
Definitions
- FIG. 1 is a side view of an expandable section mill in a retracted position.
- FIG. 2 is a side view of the expandable section mill in an extended position.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the expandable section mill in the retracted position.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the expandable section mill in the extended position.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the expandable section mill showing an internal channel system of a first jaw member.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the expandable section mill showing an internal channel system of a second jaw member.
- FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the expandable section mill in the extended position.
- FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the expandable section mill in the extended position.
- FIG. 9 is a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the expandable section mill in the extended position.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the alternate embodiment of the expandable section mill in the extended position in contact with a cement layer between concentric tubular members.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the expandable section mill in the extended position cutting a larger tubular member below a smaller tubular member.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate expandable section mill in a retracted position.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a piston of the expandable section mill of FIG. 12 .
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a jaw member of the expandable section mill of FIG. 12 .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate expandable section mill 10 , which may include top sub 12 operatively connected to body 14 .
- First jaw member 16 and second jaw member 18 may be pivotally attached to body 14 , such as by hinge pin 20 .
- Blade assembly 22 may be affixed to tapered surface 24 of first jaw member 16 .
- Blade assembly 26 may be affixed to tapered surface 28 of second jaw member 18 .
- First and second jaw members 16 and 18 may be selectively pivoted between a retracted position shown in FIG. 1 and an extended position shown in FIG. 2 . With jaw members 16 and 18 in the retracted position, expandable section mill 10 may be lowered into a casing or other tubular member in a wellbore.
- jaw members 16 and 18 When blades 22 and 26 reach a desired depth, jaw members 16 and 18 may be pivoted into the extended position for cutting or sectioning a portion of the casing or other tubular member in which the jaw members 16 and 18 are disposed.
- expandable section mill 10 may include first jaw member 16 only.
- piston 30 may be disposed within inner cavity 32 of body 14 .
- Internal channel 34 may extend through top sub 12 , and may be in fluid communication with inner cavity 32 of body 14 .
- Guide bolt 36 may cooperate with slot 37 of piston 30 to prevent piston 30 from rotating within inner cavity 32 of body 14 .
- First jaw member 16 may be pivoted into the extended position by increasing the pressure of a fluid flowing through internal channel 34 of top sub 12 .
- piston 30 is pushed downward within inner cavity 32 .
- its lower end 38 may engage pivot surface 40 on the upper end of first jaw member 16 such that first jaw member 16 is pivoted into the extended position shown in FIG. 4 .
- the downward force applied by piston 30 may pivot tapered surface 24 of first jaw member 16 outward.
- piston 30 may be supported by shoulder 42 of piston 30 engaging shoulder 44 of body 14 .
- Shoulders 41 and 42 may have reciprocal shapes.
- Piston 30 and jaw members 16 and 18 may include internal channels or fluid paths that allow fluid flowing through internal channel 34 and inner cavity 32 of body 14 to flow through piston 30 and jaw members 16 and 18 to assist in the cutting or sectioning process.
- piston 30 may include first piston channel 46 , which may be in fluid communication with proximal channel 48 of first jaw member 16 when first jaw member 16 is in the extended position.
- Hinge pin 20 may include channel 49 interconnecting segments of proximal channel 48 of first jaw member 16 .
- Proximal channel 48 may lead to outlet 50 on rear surface 51 of first jaw member 16 .
- First piston channel 46 may also be in fluid communication with a proximal channel of second jaw member 18 (not shown), which may direct fluid to an outlet on a rear surface of second jaw member 18 .
- Expandable section mill 10 may further include one or more seals for preventing leaks of the fluid flowing through top sub 12 and body 14 .
- expandable section mill 10 may include top sub seal 52 between an inner surface of body 14 and an outer surface of top sub 12 .
- Piston seal 53 may be positioned between an inner surface of body 14 and an outer surface of piston 30 .
- Guide bolt seal 54 may be disposed around an outer surface of guide bolt 36 to prevent leaks of fluid flowing through inner cavity 32 through any spaces surrounding guide bolt 36 .
- Top sub seal 52 , piston seal 53 , and guide bolt seal 54 may be an O-ring or any other seal means known in the art.
- piston 30 may also include second piston channel 55 in fluid communication with distal channel system 56 of first jaw member 16 when first jaw member 16 is in the extended position.
- Distal channel system 56 may lead to outlet 57 at lower end 58 of first jaw member 16 .
- piston 30 may further include third piston channel 59 in fluid communication with distal channel system 60 of second jaw member 18 when second jaw member 18 is in the extended position.
- Distal channel system 60 may lead to outlet 61 at lower end 62 of second jaw member 18 .
- distal channel system 56 of first jaw member 16 may also extend to one or more rear outlets 64 on rear surface 51 of first jaw member 16 .
- Distal channel system 56 may also extend to one or more cutting outlets 66 on tapered surface 24 .
- Tapered surface 24 of first jaw member 16 may also include blade assembly recess 68 dimensioned to receive blade assembly 22 .
- Blade assembly 22 may include one or more cutting members 70 affixed to blade support 72 , which may be placed into blade assembly recess 68 and fastened to first jaw member 16 with one or more bolts 74 (shown in FIG. 5 ).
- Tapered surface 24 of first jaw member 16 may further include wear insert recess 76 dimensioned to receive wear insert 78 .
- Wear insert recess 76 may be located below blade assembly recess 68 .
- Wear insert 78 may be placed into wear insert recess 76 and fastened to first jaw member 16 with bolts or screws through apertures 80 in first jaw member 16 (shown in FIG. 3 ).
- Outer surface 82 of wear insert 78 may have a curvature matching that of tapered surface 24 of first jaw member 16 .
- Outer surface 82 of wear insert 78 may also protrude radially outward from tapered surface 24 when wear insert 78 is secured in wear insert recess 76 . In this way, wear insert 78 may prevent wear on tapered surface 24 of first jaw member 16 .
- Second jaw member 18 may also include a blade assembly recess (not shown), blade assembly 26 , a wear insert recess 83 , and wear insert 78 , each having the features described above in connection with first jaw member 16 .
- Blade assembly 26 of second jaw member 18 may include one or more cutting members 86 affixed to blade support 88 .
- Blade support 72 and 88 may be formed of steel or any other durable material.
- Cutting members 70 and 86 may be formed of a metal such as carbide or any other material capable of cutting into steel.
- FIG. 8 shows a bottom view of expandable section mill 10 .
- blade assembly 22 of first jaw member 16 and blade assembly 26 of second jaw member 18 may extend radially outward relative to outer surface 84 of body 14 .
- Rotation of expandable section mill 10 may cause first and second jaw members 16 and 18 to push against one another, thereby reducing the force on hinge pin 20 .
- Rotation in the indicated direction may also cause cutting members 70 and 86 to cut into an inner wall of a tubular member in which expandable section mill 10 is disposed (e.g., a casing in a wellbore).
- FIG. 9 shows a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of expandable section mill 10 in the extended position.
- scraper blade assembly 92 is positioned in blade assembly recess 68 of first jaw member 16 (shown in FIG. 7 ) and scraper blade assembly 94 is positioned in a blade assembly recess of second jaw member 18 .
- scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 replace blade assemblies 22 and 26 , respectively.
- Scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 may have different shapes and be formed of different material than blade assemblies 22 and 26 .
- scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 may be formed of steel or any other material capable of scraping/removing cement from a casing or inner surface of a pipe.
- Scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 may or may not include separate cutting members.
- scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 may extend radially outward relative to outer surface 84 of body 14 . Rotation of this embodiment of expandable section mill 10 may cause scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 to cut into an inner wall of a tubular member. Scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 may be designed to cut into, break apart, or remove cement, such as but not limited to cement disposed in an annulus between concentric casings set in a wellbore.
- expandable section mill 10 may be lowered into casing 100 with first and second jaw members 16 and 18 in the retracted position (shown in FIG. 1 ). In the retracted position, blade assemblies 22 and 26 are held away from inner surface 102 of casing 100 and radially inward relative to the outer surface of body 14 .
- Suitable methods of lowering expandable section mill 10 include, but are not limited to, attaching top sub 12 to a lower end of a tubular string, such as a work string or coiled tubing.
- piston 30 may be lowered within body 14 in order to pivot jaw members 16 and 18 into the extended position (shown in FIG. 2 ). In the extended position, each blade assembly 22 and 26 may engage inner surface 102 of casing 100 . Rotation of expandable section mill 10 will cause cutting members 70 and 86 of blade assemblies 22 and 26 to begin cutting into inner surface 102 .
- wear inserts 78 of first and second jaw members 16 and 18 may engage inner surface 102 of casing 100 below the cut or sectioned portion as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the width of cutting members 70 and 86 of blade assemblies 22 and 26 may determine the radial extent to which expandable section mill 10 cuts into casing 100 .
- the contact between wear inserts 78 and inner surface 102 of casing 100 may allow expandable section mill 10 to be lowered further during cutting operations to control the length of the window cut by blade assemblies 22 and 26 . In this way, wear inserts 78 may stabilize expandable section mill 10 during cutting operations.
- expandable section mill 10 may be lifted from casing 100 .
- the tapered upper ends of blade assemblies 22 and 26 engage casing 100 above the window, the tapered upper ends may assist in pivoting jaw members 16 and 18 into the retracted position.
- Expandable section mill may be removed from casing 100 in the retracted position. In this way, expandable section mill 10 may be used to cut or section a window or other opening in a casing or other tubular member.
- Casing 100 may be disposed in a wellbore with one or more other casings concentrically arranged and separated by cement in each annular space.
- FIG. 10 shows casing 100 disposed within second casing 104 , which is disposed within third casing 106 .
- casing 100 has a smaller inner diameter than second casing 104 , which has a smaller inner diameter than third casing 106 .
- Cement layer 108 may be disposed between casing 100 and second casing 104
- cement layer 109 may be disposed between second casing 104 and third casing 106 .
- Expandable section mill 10 may be fitted with scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 on first and second jaw member 16 and 18 , and lowered in the retracted position into casing/cement assembly.
- jaw members 16 and 18 may be pivoted into the extended position so that each scraper blade assembly 92 and 94 may engage an inner surface of cement layer 108 . Rotation of expandable section mill 10 will cause scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 to break apart or remove cement layer 108 .
- This operation may be conducted with or without wear inserts 78 attached within the wear insert recesses of first and second jaw members 16 and 18 .
- wear inserts 78 may be used to stabilize jaw members 16 and 18 during rotation through contact between wear inserts 78 and the inner surface of cement layer 108 below scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 . This contact between wear inserts 78 and the inner surface of cement layer 108 may not occur, however, if the thickness of cement layer 108 is less than the width of scraper blade assemblies 92 and 94 .
- jaw members 16 and 18 may be pivoted into the retracted position in order to remove expandable section mill 10 from the wellbore. In this way, expandable section mill 10 may be used to remove or break apart a cement layer disposed between two concentrically arranged tubular members. This embodiment of expandable section mill 10 may also be used to remove cement disposed along an inner wall of any tubular member.
- Expandable section mill 10 may be used with jaw members of varying lengths to accomplish cutting or sectioning of casing or other tubular members having varying internal diameters.
- third jaw member 110 and fourth jaw member 112 may be attached to expandable section mill 10 .
- Third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 may have the same features as first and second jaw members 16 and 18 described above, except that third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 may be longer.
- third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 may include a longer straight portion above tapered surfaces 114 and 116 to which blade assemblies 118 and 120 are attached.
- third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 are able to cut or section a casing or other tubular member having a larger internal diameter when jaw members 110 and 112 are pivoted into the extended position.
- the scraper blade assemblies may be affixed to third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 in the same way that they are affixed to first and second jaw members 16 and 18 .
- Expandable section mill 10 fitted with third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 and the scraper blade assemblies may be used to remove cement layer 108 in the same manner as shown and described in connection with FIG. 10 .
- expandable section mill 10 fitted with third and fourth jaw members 110 and 112 may be lowered through a tubular member having a smaller inner diameter to reach and cut or section a lower tubular having a larger inner diameter.
- expandable section mill 10 may be lowered through casing 100 with jaw members 110 and 112 in the retracted position.
- jaw members 110 and 112 may be pivoted into the extended position. Rotation of expandable section mill 10 by rotating top sub 12 may cause blade assemblies 118 and 120 to cut into inner surface 126 of second casing 104 .
- expandable section mill 10 may be lowered through a first tubular member having a smaller inner diameter to reach a second tubular member having a larger inner diameter, in order to cut or section a window or other opening in the second tubular member.
- the procedure set forth in connection with FIGS. 10 and 11 may be used to remove a portion of cement layer 109 and to cut a window in third casing 106 if necessary.
- FIG. 12 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the expandable section mill.
- Expandable section mill 130 may include top sub 132 operatively connected to body 134 .
- Jaw member 136 may be pivotally attached to body 134 , such as with hinge pin 138 .
- Blade assembly 140 may be affixed to tapered surface 142 of jaw member 136 .
- Expandable section mill 130 may also include a second jaw member as described above in connection with expandable section mill 10 .
- Expandable section mill 130 may further include piston 144 disposed within inner cavity 146 of body 134 .
- Internal channel 148 may extend through top sub 132 , and may be in fluid communication with inner cavity 146 of body 134 .
- lower section 150 of piston 144 may include a double wedge shape. Specifically, lower section 150 may include first wedge surface 152 and first wing extension 154 configured to engage jaw member 136 . Lower section 150 may also include second wedge surface 156 and second wing extension 158 configured to engage a second jaw member. Piston 144 may further include first piston channel 160 , second piston channel 162 , and third piston channel 164 . Jaw member 136 shown in FIG. 14 may include blade assembly recess 166 and wear insert recess 168 on tapered surface 142 .
- jaw member 136 may be pivoted into an extended position by increasing the pressure of a fluid flowing through internal channel 148 of top sub 132 .
- piston 144 is pushed downward within inner cavity 146 such that first wedge surface 152 engages pivot surface 170 of jaw member 136 .
- first wedge surface 152 may slide along pivot surface 170 of jaw member 136 thereby pivoting jaw member 136 into an extended position in which blade assembly 140 extends radially beyond outer surface 172 of body 134 .
- the downward movement of piston 144 may also pivot a second jaw member into an extended position through second wedge surface 156 engaging with and sliding along a pivot surface of the second jaw member.
- First and second wedge surfaces 152 and 156 may increase the leverage applied by piston 144 on jaw member 136 and a second jaw member, respectively.
- First wing extension 154 of piston 144 may engage and slide along side surface 173 of jaw member 136 (shown in FIG. 14 ). In the retracted and the extended positions of jaw member 136 , contact between first wing extension 154 of piston 144 and side surface 173 of jaw member 136 may prevent piston 144 from rotating relative to jaw member 136 . Additionally, second wing extension 158 may engage a side surface of a second jaw member to prevent piston 144 from rotating relative to the second jaw member. In this way, first and second wing extensions 154 and 158 maintain alignment of piston 144 with jaw member 136 and a second jaw member.
- first piston channel 160 may be in fluid communication with proximal channel 174 of jaw member 136 in the extended position.
- Hinge pin 138 may include channel 176 interconnecting segments of proximal channel 174 of jaw member 136 .
- Proximal channel 174 may lead to outlet 178 on rear surface 180 of jaw member 136 .
- First piston channel 160 may also be in fluid communication with a proximal channel of a second jaw member, which may direct fluid to an outlet on a rear surface of the second jaw member.
- second piston channel 162 may be in fluid communication with a distal channel system of jaw member 136 that extends from inlet 182 on pivot surface 170 to outlet 184 at lower end 186 of jaw member 136 (shown in FIG. 14 ). Second piston channel 162 and the distal channel system of jaw member 136 may direct fluid flow through jaw member 136 to outlet 184 at lower end 186 .
- third piston channel 164 may be in fluid communication with a distal channel system of a second jaw member, which may direct fluid flow through the second jaw member to an outlet at its lower end.
- expandable section mill 130 may further include one or more seals for preventing leaks of the fluid flowing through top sub 132 and body 134 .
- Expandable section mill 130 may include top sub seal 188 between an inner surface of body 134 and an outer surface of top sub 132 .
- Piston seal 190 may be positioned between an inner surface of body 134 and an outer surface of piston 144 .
- Each seal may be formed of an O-ring or any other suitable seal means.
- expandable section mill 130 includes the same features and functions in the same way as expandable section mill 10 .
- Expandable section mill 130 may be used to cut or section a window or other opening in a casing or other tubular member as described above in connection with expandable section mill 10 .
- rotation of expandable section mill 130 with jaw member 136 and a second jaw member in the extended position may cause blade assembly 140 and a blade assembly of the second jaw member to cut into an inner wall of a tubular member in which expandable section mill 130 is disposed (e.g., a casing in a wellbore) in the same way described above in connection with expandable section mill 10 .
- a scraper blade assembly (instead of blade assembly 140 ) may be positioned in blade assembly recess 166 of jaw member 136 .
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Abstract
An expandable section mill includes a body, a piston movably disposed within an inner cavity of the body, the piston including a wedge surface, a jaw member pivotally connected to a lower end of the body, and a blade assembly affixed to a tapered surface of the jaw member. The jaw member includes an internal channel system for fluid flow through the jaw member to one or more outlets on the jaw member. The jaw member includes a pivot surface. The wedge surface of the piston engages the pivot surface of the jaw member to pivot the jaw member between a retracted position and an extended position. In the retracted position, the blade assembly is positioned radially inward relative to an outer surface of the body. In the extended position, the blade assembly extends radially outward relative to the outer surface of the body.
Description
- This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/536,846, filed on Nov. 10, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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FIG. 1 is a side view of an expandable section mill in a retracted position. -
FIG. 2 is a side view of the expandable section mill in an extended position. -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the expandable section mill in the retracted position. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the expandable section mill in the extended position. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the expandable section mill showing an internal channel system of a first jaw member. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the expandable section mill showing an internal channel system of a second jaw member. -
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the expandable section mill in the extended position. -
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the expandable section mill in the extended position. -
FIG. 9 is a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the expandable section mill in the extended position. -
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the alternate embodiment of the expandable section mill in the extended position in contact with a cement layer between concentric tubular members. -
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the expandable section mill in the extended position cutting a larger tubular member below a smaller tubular member. -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate expandable section mill in a retracted position. -
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a piston of the expandable section mill ofFIG. 12 . -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a jaw member of the expandable section mill ofFIG. 12 . -
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrateexpandable section mill 10, which may includetop sub 12 operatively connected tobody 14.First jaw member 16 andsecond jaw member 18 may be pivotally attached tobody 14, such as byhinge pin 20.Blade assembly 22 may be affixed to taperedsurface 24 offirst jaw member 16.Blade assembly 26 may be affixed to taperedsurface 28 ofsecond jaw member 18. First andsecond jaw members FIG. 1 and an extended position shown inFIG. 2 . Withjaw members expandable section mill 10 may be lowered into a casing or other tubular member in a wellbore. Whenblades jaw members jaw members expandable section mill 10 may includefirst jaw member 16 only. - Referring now to
FIGS. 3 and 4 ,piston 30 may be disposed withininner cavity 32 ofbody 14.Internal channel 34 may extend throughtop sub 12, and may be in fluid communication withinner cavity 32 ofbody 14.Guide bolt 36 may cooperate withslot 37 ofpiston 30 to preventpiston 30 from rotating withininner cavity 32 ofbody 14.First jaw member 16 may be pivoted into the extended position by increasing the pressure of a fluid flowing throughinternal channel 34 oftop sub 12. As the fluid pressure increases,piston 30 is pushed downward withininner cavity 32. Aspiston 30 moves downward, itslower end 38 may engagepivot surface 40 on the upper end offirst jaw member 16 such thatfirst jaw member 16 is pivoted into the extended position shown inFIG. 4 . The downward force applied bypiston 30 may pivot taperedsurface 24 offirst jaw member 16 outward. In this position,piston 30 may be supported byshoulder 42 ofpiston 30 engaging shoulder 44 ofbody 14.Shoulders 41 and 42 may have reciprocal shapes. - Piston 30 and
jaw members internal channel 34 andinner cavity 32 ofbody 14 to flow throughpiston 30 andjaw members FIGS. 3 and 4 ,piston 30 may includefirst piston channel 46, which may be in fluid communication withproximal channel 48 offirst jaw member 16 whenfirst jaw member 16 is in the extended position. Hingepin 20 may includechannel 49 interconnecting segments ofproximal channel 48 offirst jaw member 16.Proximal channel 48 may lead tooutlet 50 onrear surface 51 offirst jaw member 16.First piston channel 46 may also be in fluid communication with a proximal channel of second jaw member 18 (not shown), which may direct fluid to an outlet on a rear surface ofsecond jaw member 18. -
Expandable section mill 10 may further include one or more seals for preventing leaks of the fluid flowing throughtop sub 12 andbody 14. As shown inFIG. 3 ,expandable section mill 10 may includetop sub seal 52 between an inner surface ofbody 14 and an outer surface oftop sub 12. Pistonseal 53 may be positioned between an inner surface ofbody 14 and an outer surface ofpiston 30. Guide bolt seal 54 may be disposed around an outer surface ofguide bolt 36 to prevent leaks of fluid flowing throughinner cavity 32 through any spaces surroundingguide bolt 36.Top sub seal 52,piston seal 53, and guide bolt seal 54 may be an O-ring or any other seal means known in the art. - Referring now to
FIG. 5 ,piston 30 may also include second piston channel 55 in fluid communication with distal channel system 56 offirst jaw member 16 whenfirst jaw member 16 is in the extended position. Distal channel system 56 may lead tooutlet 57 atlower end 58 offirst jaw member 16. -
FIG. 6 shows thatpiston 30 may further includethird piston channel 59 in fluid communication withdistal channel system 60 ofsecond jaw member 18 whensecond jaw member 18 is in the extended position.Distal channel system 60 may lead tooutlet 61 atlower end 62 ofsecond jaw member 18. - With reference now to
FIG. 7 , distal channel system 56 of first jaw member 16 (shown inFIG. 5 ) may also extend to one or morerear outlets 64 onrear surface 51 offirst jaw member 16. Distal channel system 56 may also extend to one ormore cutting outlets 66 ontapered surface 24. Taperedsurface 24 offirst jaw member 16 may also includeblade assembly recess 68 dimensioned to receiveblade assembly 22.Blade assembly 22 may include one ormore cutting members 70 affixed toblade support 72, which may be placed into blade assembly recess 68 and fastened tofirst jaw member 16 with one or more bolts 74 (shown inFIG. 5 ). Taperedsurface 24 offirst jaw member 16 may further includewear insert recess 76 dimensioned to receivewear insert 78. Wearinsert recess 76 may be located belowblade assembly recess 68. Wearinsert 78 may be placed intowear insert recess 76 and fastened tofirst jaw member 16 with bolts or screws throughapertures 80 in first jaw member 16 (shown inFIG. 3 ).Outer surface 82 ofwear insert 78 may have a curvature matching that oftapered surface 24 offirst jaw member 16.Outer surface 82 ofwear insert 78 may also protrude radially outward fromtapered surface 24 when wearinsert 78 is secured inwear insert recess 76. In this way, wearinsert 78 may prevent wear ontapered surface 24 offirst jaw member 16.Second jaw member 18 may also include a blade assembly recess (not shown),blade assembly 26, a wear insert recess 83, and wearinsert 78, each having the features described above in connection withfirst jaw member 16.Blade assembly 26 ofsecond jaw member 18 may include one ormore cutting members 86 affixed toblade support 88. Blade support 72 and 88 may be formed of steel or any other durable material. Cuttingmembers -
FIG. 8 shows a bottom view ofexpandable section mill 10. In the extended position, as shown,blade assembly 22 offirst jaw member 16 andblade assembly 26 ofsecond jaw member 18 may extend radially outward relative toouter surface 84 ofbody 14. Rotation ofexpandable section mill 10 may cause first andsecond jaw members hinge pin 20. Rotation in the indicated direction may also cause cuttingmembers expandable section mill 10 is disposed (e.g., a casing in a wellbore). -
FIG. 9 shows a bottom view of an alternate embodiment ofexpandable section mill 10 in the extended position. In this embodiment,scraper blade assembly 92 is positioned inblade assembly recess 68 of first jaw member 16 (shown inFIG. 7 ) andscraper blade assembly 94 is positioned in a blade assembly recess ofsecond jaw member 18. In this way,scraper blade assemblies blade assemblies Scraper blade assemblies blade assemblies scraper blade assemblies Scraper blade assemblies FIG. 9 ,scraper blade assemblies outer surface 84 ofbody 14. Rotation of this embodiment ofexpandable section mill 10 may causescraper blade assemblies Scraper blade assemblies - With reference again to
FIGS. 1 and 2 ,expandable section mill 10 may be lowered intocasing 100 with first andsecond jaw members FIG. 1 ). In the retracted position,blade assemblies inner surface 102 ofcasing 100 and radially inward relative to the outer surface ofbody 14. Suitable methods of loweringexpandable section mill 10 include, but are not limited to, attachingtop sub 12 to a lower end of a tubular string, such as a work string or coiled tubing. Whenjaw members casing 100,piston 30 may be lowered withinbody 14 in order to pivotjaw members FIG. 2 ). In the extended position, eachblade assembly inner surface 102 ofcasing 100. Rotation ofexpandable section mill 10 will cause cuttingmembers blade assemblies inner surface 102. - Over time, the outer surfaces of wear inserts 78 of first and
second jaw members inner surface 102 ofcasing 100 below the cut or sectioned portion as shown inFIG. 2 . In this way, the width of cuttingmembers blade assemblies expandable section mill 10 cuts intocasing 100. The contact between wear inserts 78 andinner surface 102 ofcasing 100 may allowexpandable section mill 10 to be lowered further during cutting operations to control the length of the window cut byblade assemblies expandable section mill 10 during cutting operations. After the desired window is cut incasing 100, fluid flow throughinternal channel 34 may be discontinued or reduced andexpandable section mill 10 may be lifted fromcasing 100. When the tapered upper ends ofblade assemblies casing 100 above the window, the tapered upper ends may assist in pivotingjaw members expandable section mill 10 may be used to cut or section a window or other opening in a casing or other tubular member. - Casing 100 may be disposed in a wellbore with one or more other casings concentrically arranged and separated by cement in each annular space. For example,
FIG. 10 shows casing 100 disposed withinsecond casing 104, which is disposed withinthird casing 106. In this example, casing 100 has a smaller inner diameter thansecond casing 104, which has a smaller inner diameter thanthird casing 106.Cement layer 108 may be disposed betweencasing 100 andsecond casing 104, andcement layer 109 may be disposed betweensecond casing 104 andthird casing 106. In order to cut a section or window insecond casing 104, a portion ofcement layer 108 must be removed or broken up (after a window is cut from casing 100).Expandable section mill 10 may be fitted withscraper blade assemblies second jaw member jaw members jaw members scraper blade assembly cement layer 108. Rotation ofexpandable section mill 10 will causescraper blade assemblies cement layer 108. This operation may be conducted with or without wear inserts 78 attached within the wear insert recesses of first andsecond jaw members jaw members cement layer 108 belowscraper blade assemblies cement layer 108 may not occur, however, if the thickness ofcement layer 108 is less than the width ofscraper blade assemblies cement layer 108 is removed or broken apart,jaw members expandable section mill 10 from the wellbore. In this way,expandable section mill 10 may be used to remove or break apart a cement layer disposed between two concentrically arranged tubular members. This embodiment ofexpandable section mill 10 may also be used to remove cement disposed along an inner wall of any tubular member. -
Expandable section mill 10 may be used with jaw members of varying lengths to accomplish cutting or sectioning of casing or other tubular members having varying internal diameters. Referring now toFIG. 11 ,third jaw member 110 andfourth jaw member 112 may be attached toexpandable section mill 10. Third andfourth jaw members second jaw members fourth jaw members fourth jaw members surfaces blade assemblies blade assemblies 118 and 120 a greater distance fromhinge pin 20, third andfourth jaw members jaw members fourth jaw members second jaw members Expandable section mill 10 fitted with third andfourth jaw members cement layer 108 in the same manner as shown and described in connection withFIG. 10 . - As shown in
FIG. 11 ,expandable section mill 10 fitted with third andfourth jaw members expandable section mill 10 may be lowered throughcasing 100 withjaw members jaw members casing 100 and the removed section ofcement layer 108,jaw members expandable section mill 10 by rotatingtop sub 12 may causeblade assemblies inner surface 126 ofsecond casing 104. In this way,expandable section mill 10 may be lowered through a first tubular member having a smaller inner diameter to reach a second tubular member having a larger inner diameter, in order to cut or section a window or other opening in the second tubular member. The procedure set forth in connection withFIGS. 10 and 11 may be used to remove a portion ofcement layer 109 and to cut a window inthird casing 106 if necessary. -
FIG. 12 illustrates an alternate embodiment of the expandable section mill.Expandable section mill 130 may includetop sub 132 operatively connected tobody 134.Jaw member 136 may be pivotally attached tobody 134, such as withhinge pin 138.Blade assembly 140 may be affixed to taperedsurface 142 ofjaw member 136.Expandable section mill 130 may also include a second jaw member as described above in connection withexpandable section mill 10.Expandable section mill 130 may further includepiston 144 disposed withininner cavity 146 ofbody 134.Internal channel 148 may extend throughtop sub 132, and may be in fluid communication withinner cavity 146 ofbody 134. - Referring now to
FIG. 13 ,lower section 150 ofpiston 144 may include a double wedge shape. Specifically,lower section 150 may includefirst wedge surface 152 andfirst wing extension 154 configured to engagejaw member 136.Lower section 150 may also includesecond wedge surface 156 andsecond wing extension 158 configured to engage a second jaw member.Piston 144 may further includefirst piston channel 160,second piston channel 162, andthird piston channel 164.Jaw member 136 shown inFIG. 14 may includeblade assembly recess 166 and wearinsert recess 168 on taperedsurface 142. - With reference again to
FIG. 12 ,jaw member 136 may be pivoted into an extended position by increasing the pressure of a fluid flowing throughinternal channel 148 oftop sub 132. As the fluid pressure increases,piston 144 is pushed downward withininner cavity 146 such thatfirst wedge surface 152 engagespivot surface 170 ofjaw member 136. Aspiston 144 continues its downward movement,first wedge surface 152 may slide alongpivot surface 170 ofjaw member 136 thereby pivotingjaw member 136 into an extended position in whichblade assembly 140 extends radially beyondouter surface 172 ofbody 134. The downward movement ofpiston 144 may also pivot a second jaw member into an extended position throughsecond wedge surface 156 engaging with and sliding along a pivot surface of the second jaw member. First and second wedge surfaces 152 and 156 may increase the leverage applied bypiston 144 onjaw member 136 and a second jaw member, respectively. -
First wing extension 154 ofpiston 144 may engage and slide alongside surface 173 of jaw member 136 (shown inFIG. 14 ). In the retracted and the extended positions ofjaw member 136, contact betweenfirst wing extension 154 ofpiston 144 andside surface 173 ofjaw member 136 may preventpiston 144 from rotating relative tojaw member 136. Additionally,second wing extension 158 may engage a side surface of a second jaw member to preventpiston 144 from rotating relative to the second jaw member. In this way, first andsecond wing extensions piston 144 withjaw member 136 and a second jaw member. - With reference again to
FIG. 12 ,first piston channel 160 may be in fluid communication withproximal channel 174 ofjaw member 136 in the extended position.Hinge pin 138 may includechannel 176 interconnecting segments ofproximal channel 174 ofjaw member 136.Proximal channel 174 may lead tooutlet 178 onrear surface 180 ofjaw member 136.First piston channel 160 may also be in fluid communication with a proximal channel of a second jaw member, which may direct fluid to an outlet on a rear surface of the second jaw member. - Also in the extended position,
second piston channel 162 may be in fluid communication with a distal channel system ofjaw member 136 that extends frominlet 182 onpivot surface 170 tooutlet 184 atlower end 186 of jaw member 136 (shown inFIG. 14 ).Second piston channel 162 and the distal channel system ofjaw member 136 may direct fluid flow throughjaw member 136 tooutlet 184 atlower end 186. Similarly,third piston channel 164 may be in fluid communication with a distal channel system of a second jaw member, which may direct fluid flow through the second jaw member to an outlet at its lower end. - Referring again to
FIG. 12 ,expandable section mill 130 may further include one or more seals for preventing leaks of the fluid flowing throughtop sub 132 andbody 134.Expandable section mill 130 may includetop sub seal 188 between an inner surface ofbody 134 and an outer surface oftop sub 132.Piston seal 190 may be positioned between an inner surface ofbody 134 and an outer surface ofpiston 144. Each seal may be formed of an O-ring or any other suitable seal means. - Except as otherwise noted,
expandable section mill 130 includes the same features and functions in the same way asexpandable section mill 10.Expandable section mill 130 may be used to cut or section a window or other opening in a casing or other tubular member as described above in connection withexpandable section mill 10. Specifically, rotation ofexpandable section mill 130 withjaw member 136 and a second jaw member in the extended position may causeblade assembly 140 and a blade assembly of the second jaw member to cut into an inner wall of a tubular member in whichexpandable section mill 130 is disposed (e.g., a casing in a wellbore) in the same way described above in connection withexpandable section mill 10. Also, a scraper blade assembly (instead of blade assembly 140) may be positioned inblade assembly recess 166 ofjaw member 136. - While preferred embodiments have been described, it is to be understood that the embodiments are illustrative only and that the scope of the invention is to be defined solely by the appended claims when accorded a full range of equivalents, many variations and modifications naturally occurring to those skilled in the art from a review hereof.
Claims (21)
1. An expandable section mill comprising:
a body having an outer surface and an inner cavity;
a piston disposed within the inner cavity of the body, a lower section of the piston including a wedge surface;
a jaw member pivotally connected to a lower end of the body, the jaw member including a tapered surface, an internal channel system for fluid flow through the jaw member, and a pivot surface at an upper end of the jaw member, wherein the pivot surface is configured to engage the wedge surface of the piston;
a blade assembly affixed to the tapered surface of the jaw member, wherein the tapered surface includes a wear surface below the blade assembly.
2. The expandable section mill of claim 1 , wherein the piston is moveable within the inner cavity for pivoting the jaw member between a retracted position, in which the blade assembly is positioned radially inward relative to the outer surface of the body, and an extended position, in which the blade assembly extends radially outward relative to the outer surface of the body, when the wedge surface of the piston engages the pivot surface of the jaw member.
3. The expandable section mill of claim 2 , wherein the piston further includes a wing extension adjacent to the wedge surface, and wherein the wing extension is configured to engage a side surface of the jaw member for aligning the piston with the jaw member.
4. The expandable section mill of claim 2 , wherein the wear surface is formed by a wear insert affixed within a recess on the tapered surface of the jaw member, wherein an outer surface of the wear insert has a curvature that matches a curvature of the tapered surface.
5. The expandable section mill of claim 2 , wherein the blade assembly comprises a cutting member affixed to a blade support, and wherein the blade support is affixed to a recess on the tapered surface of the jaw member.
6. The expandable section mill of claim 5 , wherein the internal channel system includes an outlet on the tapered surface adjacent to the cutting member of the blade assembly for fluid flow through the jaw member to the cutting member of the blade assembly.
7. The expandable section mill of claim 6 , wherein the internal channel system includes an outlet on a lower end of the jaw member and an outlet on a rear surface of the jaw member for fluid flow through the jaw member to the lower end and the rear surface thereof.
8. The expandable section mill of claim 2 , wherein the piston includes a first internal channel in fluid communication with the internal channel system of the jaw member for fluid flow through the piston and the jaw member when the jaw member is in the extended position.
9. The expandable section mill of claim 8 , wherein the piston further includes a second internal channel, and the jaw member further includes a proximal internal channel extending to an outlet on a rear surface of the jaw member; and wherein the second internal channel of the piston is in fluid communication with the proximal internal channel of the jaw member for fluid flow through the piston and the jaw member to the rear surface thereof when the jaw member is in the extended position.
10. The expandable section mill of claim 9 , wherein the jaw member is pivotally connected to the body with a hinge pin, wherein the hinge pin includes an internal channel interconnecting segments of the proximal internal channel of the jaw member.
11. The expandable section mill of claim 1 , further comprising a top sub having an internal channel in fluid communication with the inner cavity of the body.
12. An expandable section mill comprising:
a body having an outer surface and an inner cavity;
a piston disposed within the inner cavity of the body, a lower section of the piston including a first wedge surface and a second wedge surface;
a first jaw member pivotally connected to a lower end of the body, the first jaw member including a tapered surface, an internal channel system having an outlet on the tapered surface of the first jaw member, and a pivot surface at an upper end of the first jaw member, wherein the pivot surface is configured to engage the first wedge surface of the piston;
a first blade assembly affixed to the tapered surface of the first jaw member, wherein the tapered surface of the first jaw member includes a first wear surface below the first blade assembly;
a second jaw member pivotally connected to the lower end of the body, the second jaw member including a tapered surface, an internal channel system having an outlet on the tapered surface of the second jaw member, and a pivot surface at an upper end of the second jaw member, wherein the pivot surface is configured to engage the second wedge surface of the piston; and
a second blade assembly affixed to the tapered surface of the second jaw member, wherein the tapered surface of the second jaw member includes a second wear surface below the second blade assembly.
13. The expandable section mill of claim 12 , wherein the piston is moveable within the inner cavity for pivoting the first and second jaw members between a retracted position, in which the first and second blade assemblies are positioned radially inward relative to the outer surface of the body, and an extended position, in which the first and second blade assemblies extend radially outward relative to the outer surface of the body, when the first wedge surface of the piston engages the pivot surface of the first jaw member and the second wedge surface of the piston engages the pivot surface of the second jaw member.
14. The expandable section mill of claim 13 , wherein the piston further includes a first wing extension adjacent to the first wedge surface and a second wing extension adjacent to the second wedge surface, wherein the first wing extension is configured to engage a side surface of the first jaw member for aligning the piston with the first jaw member, and wherein the second wing extension is configured to engage a side surface of the second jaw member for aligning the piston with the second jaw member.
15. The expandable section mill of claim 13 , wherein the outlets of the internal channel systems of the first and second jaw members are disposed adjacent to the first and second blade assemblies on the tapered surfaces for fluid flow through the first and second jaw members to the first and second blade assemblies.
16. The expandable section mill of claim 15 , wherein in the extended position, a first internal channel of the piston is in fluid communication with the internal channel system of the first jaw member and a second internal channel of the piston is in fluid communication with the internal channel system of the second jaw member.
17. The expandable section mill of claim 16 , wherein the piston includes a third internal channel, the first jaw member includes a proximal internal channel extending to an outlet on a rear surface of the first jaw member, and the second jaw member includes a proximal internal channel extending to an outlet on a rear surface of the second jaw member; and wherein in the extended position, the third internal channel of the piston is in fluid communication with the proximal internal channels of the first and second jaw members for fluid flow through the piston and first and second jaw members to the rear surfaces thereof.
18. A method of cutting a section of a tubular member in a wellbore, comprising the steps of:
a) providing an expandable section mill comprising a body having an outer surface and an inner cavity; a piston disposed within the inner cavity of the body, a lower section of the piston including a first wedge surface and a second wedge surface; a first jaw member and a second jaw member each pivotally connected to a lower end of the body, each of the first and second jaw members including a tapered surface, an internal channel system for fluid flow through the first and second jaw members, and a pivot surface at an upper end of the first and second jaw members; a first blade assembly affixed to the tapered surface of the first jaw member; and a second blade assembly affixed to the tapered surface of the second jaw member; wherein the tapered surfaces of the first and second jaw members each includes a wear surface below the first and second blade assemblies;
b) lowering the expandable section mill in a retracted position through the tubular member, wherein in the retracted position, the first and second blade assemblies are positioned radially inward relative to the outer surface of the body;
c) pivoting the first and second jaw members into an extended position within the tubular member, wherein in the extended position, the first and second blade assemblies extend radially outward relative to the outer surface of the body such that a cutting member of the first blade assembly and a cutting member of the second blade assembly contact an inner surface of the tubular member; and
d) rotating the expandable section mill in the extended position in order to cut a section of the tubular member with the cutting members of the first and second blade assemblies.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the expandable section mill further includes a top sub having an internal channel in fluid communication with the inner cavity of the body; and wherein step (c) further comprises:
i) increasing a pressure of a fluid flowing through the internal channel of the top sub and into the inner cavity of the body to transfer the piston downward; and
ii) pivoting the first and second jaw members into the extended position by operatively engaging the pivot surface of the first jaw member with the first wedge surface of the piston and operatively engaging the pivot surface of the second jaw member with the second wedge surface of the piston.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising the steps of:
e) cutting into the tubular member until the wear surfaces of the first and second jaw members contact the inner surface of the tubular member below the cut section; and
f) lowering the expandable section mill while rotating in the extended position to extend the cut section of the tubular member.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tubular member is disposed within a second tubular member in the wellbore, and wherein a cement layer is disposed between an outer surface of the tubular member and an inner surface of the second tubular member, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:
e) pivoting the first and second jaw members into the retracted position and lifting the expandable section mill out of the tubular member;
f) removing the first and second blade assemblies from the first and second jaw members;
g) affixing a first scraper blade assembly to the tapered surface of the first jaw member and affixing a second scraper blade assembly to the tapered surface of the second jaw member;
h) lowering the expandable section mill in the retracted position through the tubular member until the first and second jaw members are aligned with the cut section of the tubular member;
i) pivoting the first and second jaw members into the extended position such that the first and second scraper blade assemblies contact the cement layer;
j) rotating the expandable section mill in the extended position in order to remove a section of the cement layer with the first and second scraper blade assemblies.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/803,517 US20160130900A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-07-20 | Expandable section mill and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/536,846 US20160130899A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2014-11-10 | Expandable Section Mill and Method |
US14/803,517 US20160130900A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-07-20 | Expandable section mill and method |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/536,846 Continuation-In-Part US20160130899A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2014-11-10 | Expandable Section Mill and Method |
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US20160130900A1 true US20160130900A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
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US14/803,517 Abandoned US20160130900A1 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2015-07-20 | Expandable section mill and method |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170138181A1 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-18 | Sure Shot Wireline Inc. | Method and system for logging a well |
US10240418B2 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | Abrado, Inc. | Apparatus and method for inner casing string window milling and outer casing cement sheath removal |
-
2015
- 2015-07-20 US US14/803,517 patent/US20160130900A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10240418B2 (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | Abrado, Inc. | Apparatus and method for inner casing string window milling and outer casing cement sheath removal |
US20170138181A1 (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-18 | Sure Shot Wireline Inc. | Method and system for logging a well |
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