US20160077315A1 - Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method - Google Patents

Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160077315A1
US20160077315A1 US14/854,687 US201514854687A US2016077315A1 US 20160077315 A1 US20160077315 A1 US 20160077315A1 US 201514854687 A US201514854687 A US 201514854687A US 2016077315 A1 US2016077315 A1 US 2016077315A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
image
decompression
lens element
lens
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/854,687
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English (en)
Inventor
Sergey Trubko
Raghu Menon
Yangiu (Julia) ZHU
Mike ZWOLINSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RemoteReality Corp
Original Assignee
RemoteReality Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RemoteReality Corp filed Critical RemoteReality Corp
Priority to US14/854,687 priority Critical patent/US20160077315A1/en
Publication of US20160077315A1 publication Critical patent/US20160077315A1/en
Assigned to REMOTEREALITY CORPORATION reassignment REMOTEREALITY CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MENON, RAGHU, ZHU, YANGIU (JULIA), TRUBKO, SERGEY, ZWOLINSKI, Mike
Priority to US16/116,597 priority patent/US11061208B2/en
Priority to US17/371,983 priority patent/US20210341714A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/06—Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/08—Mirrors
    • G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/20—Filters
    • G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
    • G02B9/12—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having three components only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
    • G03B37/06—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe involving anamorphosis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19617—Surveillance camera constructional details
    • G08B13/19626—Surveillance camera constructional details optical details, e.g. lenses, mirrors or multiple lenses
    • G08B13/19628—Surveillance camera constructional details optical details, e.g. lenses, mirrors or multiple lenses of wide angled cameras and camera groups, e.g. omni-directional cameras, fish eye, single units having multiple cameras achieving a wide angle view
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/698—Control of cameras or camera modules for achieving an enlarged field of view, e.g. panoramic image capture
    • H04N5/23238—

Definitions

  • the decompression lens is positioned to receive the virtual curved and compressed image filtered by the hardware aperture.
  • the decompression lens is configured to decompress the virtual curved and compressed image into a real image with a high optical resolution and a desirable image decompression, and project the real image onto an image sensor.
  • the image sensor is positioned to receive the real image projected by the decompression lens of the 360-degree panoramic scene.
  • FIG. 5 is a convex hyperbolic mirror with an ideal lens of the ideal catadioptric optics.
  • FIG. 13 is shows an image spot diagram for twelve vertical view points for the arrangement of FIG. 1 , according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 27 is a graph of polychromatic diffraction MTF for twelve vertical view points for the arrangement of FIG. 26 , according to an eleventh example embodiment.
  • FIG. 33 is a graph of diffraction ensquared energy for the arrangement of FIG. 31 , according to a twelfth example embodiment.
  • FIG. 34 shows an image of spot diagram for twelve vertical view points for the arrangement of FIG. 31 , according to a twelfth example embodiment.
  • FIG. 39 is a depiction of field curvature and distortion graphs for the arrangement of FIG. 31 with a flat image sensor, according to a thirteenth example embodiment.
  • the compact panoramic camera optics includes two main optical components.
  • the first optical component is a catadioptric optical element (COE).
  • COE catadioptric optical element
  • the COE includes a convex reflector incorporated into a refractive lens between a first and a second refractive surface.
  • the COE as a result, has three optical surfaces: two refractive (dioptric) surfaces and one reflective (catoptric) surface.
  • the second optical component is a decompression lens.
  • the decompression lens is made of at least one lens element (e.g., one lens element, three single lens elements (singlets), etc.), each having aspheric optical surfaces.
  • the decompression lens 23 includes three lens elements: a first lens element, shown as first negative lens element 24 , a second lens element, shown as positive lens element 26 , and a third lens element, shown as second negative lens element 28 .
  • the decompression lens 23 includes at least one lens element (e.g., one, two, etc.).
  • the first negative lens element 24 has at least one high order aspheric surface.
  • the high order aspheric surface(s) of the first negative lens element 24 may be structured to have a negative optical power, expand bundles of rays, and partially correct field aberrations.
  • the focal length of the first negative lens element 24 is minus 5.6 mm.
  • a virtual curved and compressed image 19 with a specific compression is created.
  • the virtual curved and compressed image 19 of the object space points of the scene is created behind the convex reflector 18 (e.g., due to the negative focal length as mentioned above, etc.).
  • the virtual curved and compressed image 19 takes on the aspheric compression (e.g., hyperbolic compression, etc.) of the high order convex aspheric surface of the convex reflector 18 (e.g., hyperbolic mirror, etc.).
  • FIG. 4 a graph of the panoramic field curvature 400 and a graph of the f-theta distortion/image compression 402 with the convex reflector 18 structured as a parabolic mirror, an ideal telecentric lens 27 , and an ideal camera lens 29 for the system of FIG. 3 are shown.
  • the field curvature becomes a significant issue (see, e.g., FIG. 6 ) that needs to be corrected to achieve the flat field shown in the graph of the panoramic field curvature 400 .
  • the system has the benefit of 20.7% decompression from the center to the edge of the mirror.
  • the parabolic mirror systems are capable of providing even higher decompression ranging from 23% up to 25%. This may be desirable as the edge of the mirror covers the most pixels and hence results in higher digital resolution of the resultant image.
  • FIG. 11 a graph of polychromatic Huygens MTF for twelve vertical viewpoints of the compact panoramic camera system 10 is shown according to an example embodiment.
  • the range of the image contrast here is slightly higher than the MTF data in FIG. 8 , which may be calculated with some approximation by using the fast Fourier transform.
  • FIG. 17 shows an alternative optical system layout according to a second example embodiment.
  • the second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment in that the convex reflector 18 is mounted using a cylindrical window 39 . Interior to the cylindrical window 39 is the convex reflector 18 , a spike 35 , and a baffle 36 .
  • the convex reflector 18 may be of hyperbolic structure with a diameter of 20.1 mm and the image sensor 32 may have a diameter of 4.6 mm. Thus the convex reflector to image sensor ratio may be 4.4:1.
  • the spike 35 may be disposed along the vertical optical axis 12 and extend at least partially into the interior of the baffle 36 . The spike 35 provides improved stability of the overall optic and reduces unwanted glare in images reflected to the camera.
  • the baffle 36 is a mechanical system, whose function is to shield the light coming from sources outside the field of view (FOV) of the compact panoramic camera.
  • FOV field of view
  • the acrylic cone window 40 acts as a refractive surface as the light travels through it, as well as adds support to the mounting of the convex reflector 18 .
  • the housing 41 is used to contain the light trap diaphragm 42 .
  • the light trap diaphragm 42 is a tapered annular diaphragm (i.e., contains a conical cutout) which stops the passage of light, except for the light passing through the hardware aperture 22 .
  • FIG. 21 shows an alternative compact panoramic camera according to a sixth example embodiment.
  • the sixth embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment in that the embodiment includes an optical system with EVFOV of 80 degrees: 30 degrees up and 50 degrees down from the horizon.
  • the convex reflector 18 has a diameter of 24.2 mm and the image sensor 32 has a diameter of 4.6 mm.
  • the convex reflector to image sensor ratio is 5.3:1.
  • the overall length of the optical system of FIG. 21 is 51.2 mm. In other embodiments, the overall length of the optical system of FIG. 21 is greater or lesser than 51.2 mm.
  • the two refractive surfaces may be a variety of shapes (e.g., linear, parabolic, hyperbolic, aspheric, etc.).
  • the spike 35 may be disposed along the vertical optical axis 12 and extend at least partially into the interior of the housing 41 .
  • the spike 35 provides improved stability of the overall optic and reduces unwanted glare in images reflected to the camera.
  • the housing 41 is used to contain the light trap diaphragm 42 .
  • the light trap diaphragm 42 is a tapered annular diaphragm (i.e., contains a conical cutout) which stops the passage of light, except for the light passing through the hardware aperture 22 .
  • the convex reflector 18 has a diameter of 27.8 mm and the image sensor 32 has a diameter of 4.5 mm. Thus the convex reflector to image sensor ratio is 6.2:1.
  • FIG. 25 shows an alternative compact panoramic camera according to a tenth example embodiment.
  • the tenth embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment in that this embodiment includes an optical system with EVFOV of 80 degrees: 40 degrees up and 40 degrees down from the horizon, a spike 35 , an acrylic cone window 40 , a housing 41 , and a light trap diaphragm 42 .
  • the spike 35 may be disposed along the vertical optical axis 12 and extend at least partially into the interior of the housing 41 .
  • the spike 35 provides improved stability of the overall optic and reduces unwanted glare in images reflected to the camera.
  • the acrylic cone window 40 acts as a refractive surface as the light travels through it, as well as adds support to the mounting of the convex reflector 18 .
  • the first surface 46 and the second surface 47 of the decompression lens 23 of FIG. 31 have different aspheric shapes.
  • the first surface 46 may include a diffractive optical structure on a top of its aspheric surface.
  • the first surface 46 and the second surface 47 are capable of effectively correcting chromatic aberrations and all field aberrations except field curvature, as well as decompress the virtual image compression created by the convex reflector 18 .
  • the first surface 46 of the single lens element of the decompression lens 23 may be coated by a thin film IR cut-off filter, which blocks the light wavelengths starting approximately from 680 nm and up.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Stereoscopic And Panoramic Photography (AREA)
US14/854,687 2014-09-15 2015-09-15 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method Abandoned US20160077315A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/854,687 US20160077315A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2015-09-15 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method
US16/116,597 US11061208B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2018-08-29 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method
US17/371,983 US20210341714A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2021-07-09 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462050725P 2014-09-15 2014-09-15
US14/854,687 US20160077315A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2015-09-15 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method

Related Child Applications (1)

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US16/116,597 Continuation US11061208B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2018-08-29 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method

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US20160077315A1 true US20160077315A1 (en) 2016-03-17

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US16/116,597 Active 2036-05-16 US11061208B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2018-08-29 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method
US17/371,983 Abandoned US20210341714A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2021-07-09 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method

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US17/371,983 Abandoned US20210341714A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2021-07-09 Compact panoramic camera: optical system, apparatus, image forming method

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US (3) US20160077315A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP3195040B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP6598314B2 (ko)
KR (2) KR20230014854A (ko)
CN (2) CN111999861A (ko)
IL (1) IL250963B (ko)
WO (1) WO2016044264A1 (ko)

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WO2018006938A1 (en) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-11 Zero Parallax Technologies Ab Spherical camera lens system, camera system and lens assembly
US20180115689A1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-04-26 Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited Camera module and assembly method thereof
CN107995388A (zh) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-04 光宝科技股份有限公司 相机模块及其组装方法
CN112313947A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2021-02-02 三星电子株式会社 用于处理360度图像的方法及设备
EP3940444A1 (en) * 2020-07-14 2022-01-19 Opto Engineering S.R.L. Borescope probe
CN114486939A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-05-13 欧普康视科技股份有限公司 一种镜片划痕检测系统及方法
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CN111971605B (zh) * 2018-04-09 2023-09-12 索尼公司 光学系统和投影仪
CN108734681A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-11-02 天津煋鸟科技有限公司 一种基于嵌入式的片上径向失真校正方法
CN114174791A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2022-03-11 安捷伦科技有限公司 光学成像性能测试系统和方法
CN111751964A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-10-09 浙江大学 基于非球面镜的双视场全景环带成像装置
CN112363308B (zh) * 2020-12-15 2022-07-19 长春理工大学 紧凑型双通道折反射全景成像光学系统

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WO2018006938A1 (en) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-11 Zero Parallax Technologies Ab Spherical camera lens system, camera system and lens assembly
CN109478006A (zh) * 2016-07-05 2019-03-15 零视差技术有限公司 球形相机透镜系统、相机系统和透镜组件
US20190235214A1 (en) * 2016-07-05 2019-08-01 Zero Parallax Technologies Ab Spherical camera lens system, camera system and lens assembly
US20180115689A1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-04-26 Lite-On Electronics (Guangzhou) Limited Camera module and assembly method thereof
CN107995388A (zh) * 2016-10-26 2018-05-04 光宝科技股份有限公司 相机模块及其组装方法
CN112313947A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2021-02-02 三星电子株式会社 用于处理360度图像的方法及设备
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CN114486939A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-05-13 欧普康视科技股份有限公司 一种镜片划痕检测系统及方法

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IL250963B (en) 2022-04-01
CN107111113A (zh) 2017-08-29
JP2017532612A (ja) 2017-11-02
EP3195040B1 (en) 2023-05-24
US20190011678A1 (en) 2019-01-10
KR102489794B1 (ko) 2023-01-18
CN111999861A (zh) 2020-11-27
KR20170067767A (ko) 2017-06-16
JP6598314B2 (ja) 2019-10-30
US20210341714A1 (en) 2021-11-04
EP3195040A1 (en) 2017-07-26
KR20230014854A (ko) 2023-01-30
US11061208B2 (en) 2021-07-13
EP3195040A4 (en) 2018-02-28
IL250963A0 (en) 2017-04-30
WO2016044264A1 (en) 2016-03-24

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