US20160076425A1 - Diesel exhaust mixing chamber - Google Patents

Diesel exhaust mixing chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
US20160076425A1
US20160076425A1 US14/486,217 US201414486217A US2016076425A1 US 20160076425 A1 US20160076425 A1 US 20160076425A1 US 201414486217 A US201414486217 A US 201414486217A US 2016076425 A1 US2016076425 A1 US 2016076425A1
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Prior art keywords
mixing pipe
mixing
diesel exhaust
def
pipe
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Abandoned
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US14/486,217
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English (en)
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Randal A. Goffe
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Paccar Inc
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Paccar Inc
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Priority to US14/486,217 priority Critical patent/US20160076425A1/en
Assigned to PACCAR INC reassignment PACCAR INC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GOFFE, RANDAL A.
Priority to MX2015012462A priority patent/MX2015012462A/es
Priority to CA2903789A priority patent/CA2903789A1/fr
Priority to EP15184990.8A priority patent/EP2998534A3/fr
Publication of US20160076425A1 publication Critical patent/US20160076425A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
    • B01F25/103—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components with additional mixing means other than vortex mixers, e.g. the vortex chamber being positioned in another mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4315—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being deformed flat pieces of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43195—Wires or coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431971—Mounted on the wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4523—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through sieves, screens or meshes which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F2025/93—Arrangements, nature or configuration of flow guiding elements
    • B01F2025/931—Flow guiding elements surrounding feed openings, e.g. jet nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • the SCR process introduces a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), such as an NOx reducing compound (e.g., a urea-water solution), into the hot exhaust gas.
  • DEF diesel exhaust fluid
  • the DEF chemically reduces pollutant compounds, such as NOx, into non-pollutant compounds in conjunction with a catalyst.
  • the conditions for the SCR process are not optimal.
  • the temperature of the exhaust is not optimal (i.e., either too hot or too cold) or the amount of DEF introduced to the exhaust is not optimal (i.e., either too much or too little DEF is introduced into the exhaust).
  • DEF is introduced that does not undergo the SCR process (e.g., too much DEF for the exhaust temperature)
  • DEF crystals will accumulate within the exhaust system, both on the interior surface of the exhaust pipe and at the port that introduces the solution into the exhaust.
  • Buildup of DEF crystals in the exhaust system detrimentally affects the performance of the exhaust system, and also is indicative of inefficiency in the SCR process: DEF crystals represent both wasted DEF solution and reduced SCR efficiency.
  • Known methods for reducing wall wetting during DEF injection include utilizing a DEF “doser port” having a DEF injector and a chamber that opens at the side of the main exhaust pipe, such as DEF dosers manufactured by Bosch.
  • a diagrammatic illustration of an exemplary prior art doser port 104 is illustrated in FIG. 1 , wherein the doser port 104 comprises a DEF doser 108 and a chamber 110 shaped to provide passage for injected DEF 112 into an exhaust pipe 120 .
  • DEF doser designs do not eliminate the wall-wetting effect.
  • the main exhaust gas flow 114 causes the gas in the doser port 104 to move at high velocities.
  • these high gas velocities push the DEF (e.g., urea) droplets into the walls that define the chamber 110 .
  • a droplet that sticks to the wall forms a liquid film. Under certain temperature conditions, the wall film will then form undesirable DEF crystals.
  • a mixing chamber for treating diesel exhaust can include a mixing pipe, one or more insertion pipes coupled to the mixing pipe, and a mixer coupled to the mixing pipe.
  • the mixing pipe can be configured to permit passage of diesel exhaust from a first end of the mixing pipe to a second end of the mixing pipe.
  • the mixing pipe can include a DEF doser configured to inject atomized DEF into the diesel exhaust flowing from the first end to the second end.
  • the one or more insertion pipes can be configured to insert the diesel exhaust into the mixing pipe near the first end of the mixing pipe such that the diesel exhaust entering the mixing pipe has angular momentum with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe.
  • a cross section of the mixing pipe perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe can be larger than a cross section of the one or more insertion pipes perpendicular to an axis of the one or more insertion pipes such that pressure in the diesel exhaust drops as the diesel exhaust passes from the one or more insertion pipes into the mixing pipe.
  • the mixer can be coupled to the second end of the mixing pipe and be configured to convert the atomized DEF into gaseous ammonia and to introduce the gaseous ammonia into the diesel exhaust.
  • the DEF doser is located near the longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe between the first end and the second end such that the diesel exhaust is inserted from the one or more insertion pipes into the mixing pipe before the location of the DEF doser.
  • the mixing chamber can include static turbine blades located around the DEF doser.
  • the DEF doser can be coupled to a portion of the first end mixing pipe that is indented toward the second end of the mixing pipe, and the diesel exhaust can be inserted from the one or more insertion pipes into the mixing chamber at a portion of the first end of the mixing pipe that is not indented.
  • the mixing chamber can include a DEF supply line that passes through the portion of the first end mixing pipe that is indented toward the second end of the mixing pipe, the DEF supply line configured to supply DEF to the DEF doser.
  • the DEF doser can be located in the mixing pipe at a position that is separated from an inner radial surface of the mixing pipe.
  • the inner radial surface of the mixing pipe can include a textured surface configured to create turbulent flow of the diesel exhaust at the inner radial surface of the mixing pipe to decrease a probability that atomized DEF impinges on the inner radial surface of the mixing pipe.
  • the textured surface can include a plurality of dimples.
  • the mixer can include a redox metal oxide catalyst active in performance of direct urea hydrolysis reaction.
  • the mixer can include a wiremesh mixer.
  • the mixer can be a static mixer, and the static mixer can be a tortuous path static mixer.
  • the mixing pipe and the mixer have cylindrical shapes, and a cross sectional area of an entrance of the mixing pipe is between about 30% and about 75% smaller than a cylindrical shape of the cross sectional shape of a first portion of the mixing pipe.
  • the entrance of the mixing pipe can be restricted by a plurality of baffle plates configured to contribute to the angular moment of the diesel exhaust.
  • the mixing pipe and the mixer can have cylindrical shapes, and a diameter of the cylindrical shape of the mixing pipe and a diameter of the cylindrical shape of the mixer are between about 10% and about 50% larger than a diameter of a cylindrical shape of a first portion of the mixing pipe.
  • the one or more insertion pipes are configured to cause the diesel exhaust entering the mixing pipe to make a turn of about 135° or greater than 135° as the diesel exhaust is entering the mixing pipe.
  • the one or more insertion pipes can include a serpentine portion preceding a point at which the diesel exhaust is inserted from the one or more insertion pipes into the mixing pipe.
  • the axis of the one or more insertion pipes can be an axis of the serpentine portion, and an axis angle between the axis of the one or more insertion pipes and the longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe can be less than 90°.
  • the axis angle between the axis of the one or more insertion pipes and the longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe is less than 45°.
  • the one or more insertion pipes can include a straight portion preceding the serpentine portion.
  • the straight portion of the one or more insertion pipes can be substantially perpendicular to the mixing pipe.
  • the axis of the one or more insertion pipes can be an axis of the straight portion of the one or more insertion pipes.
  • a back pressure of the diesel exhaust caused by the mixing chamber can be limited so it does not exceed 7 kPa.
  • the mixer comprises a plurality of baffles of up to 30° angles arranged in a plurality of different directions.
  • the mixer can have a first end coupled to the second end of the mixing pipe and a second end opposite the first end of the mixer, and a distance between the first end of the mixing pipe and the second end of the mixer may not exceed 10 inches. A distance between the first end of the mixing pipe and the second end of the mixing pipe may not exceed 8 inches.
  • the one or more insertion pipes can be located in a region bounded in part by a first plane and a second plane, the first plane being coplanar with the first end of the mixing pipe and the second plane being parallel to and not exceeding 2 inches away from the first plane.
  • a mixing chamber can include a mixing pipe configured to permit passage of diesel exhaust, a baffle component located in the mixing pipe and comprising a plurality of baffles, a diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) doser, and a mixer located in the mixing pipe downstream of the DEF doser.
  • the plurality of baffles are configured to increase an angular momentum of the diesel exhaust passing through the mixing pipe.
  • the DEF doser is configured to inject atomized DEF into the diesel exhaust flowing in the mixing pipe downstream of the baffle component.
  • the mixer is configured to convert the atomized DEF into gaseous ammonia and introduce the gaseous ammonia into the diesel exhaust.
  • the DEF doser is configured to inject the atomized DEF into the mixing pipe from a sidewall of the mixing pipe.
  • An angle of the plurality of baffles can be selected based on an efficiency of mixing of the atomized DEF in the diesel exhaust.
  • the angle of the plurality of baffles can be less than or equal to about 30°.
  • a number of the plurality of baffles can be selected based on an efficiency of mixing of the atomized DEF in the diesel exhaust.
  • the number of the plurality of baffles is greater than or equal to eight and less than or equal to twenty six.
  • the baffle component and the mixer can be located substantially coaxially with the mixing pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a prior art DEF doser port mounted onto an exhaust pipe.
  • FIG. 2A is a chart depicting a rate of change of DEF droplet diameter and FIG. 2B includes a chart depicting relationship between distance and residence time for H 2 O evaporation and NH 3 formation from atomized DEF.
  • FIG. 3 is a chart depicting activation energy barrier for a particular SCR reaction.
  • FIG. 4A depicts a DEF doser system that includes a pipe with exhaust flowing through the pipe
  • FIG. 4B depicts a wire mesh static mixer used in the system shown in FIG. 4A .
  • FIG. 5 depicts an embodiment of a mixing chamber for treatment of diesel exhaust, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 6A depicts an embodiment of a manifold that can be used to direct diesel exhaust as it enters the mixing pipe, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein
  • FIG. 6B depicts an embodiment of a baffle component that can be used to increase angular momentum of diesel exhaust in the manifold shown in FIG. 6A .
  • FIG. 7A depicts a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a mixing chamber, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein, and FIG. 7B depicts an embodiment of an exhaust treatment system, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 8 depicts another embodiment of a mixing chamber, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a portion of an embodiment of a mixing chamber, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 10 depicts embodiments of wire mesh static mixers, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 11 depicts an example of a wire mesh crimp specification, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIGS. 12A to 12C depict various embodiments of wire mesh crimp specifications, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 13A depicts another embodiment of a mixing chamber, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein, and FIGS. 13B to 13D depict embodiments of baffle components that can be used in accordance with the mixing chamber depicted in FIG. 13A .
  • FIG. 14 depicts an example of a method of treating diesel exhaust, in accordance with the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to diffusion apparatuses for facilitating the injection of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), such as a nitrogen-oxides reductant solution (e.g., urea), into exhaust gas as part of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system.
  • DEF diesel exhaust fluid
  • a nitrogen-oxides reductant solution e.g., urea
  • Embodiments of the mixing chamber direct diesel exhaust from an insertion pipe into a diffusion mixing pipe where DEF is injected and from the mixing pipe to a mixer.
  • the diesel exhaust flows through the mixing pipe in such a way that increases the residence time of the diesel exhaust in the mixing pipe to increase mixing of the diesel exhaust with the injected DEF.
  • urea is presently a preferred DEF used in the automotive industry for reducing nitrogen oxides in diesel exhaust
  • the present disclosure is not limited to apparatus for use in injecting a urea solution.
  • Other forms of DEF such as nitrogen-oxides reductant solutions (e.g. ammonia), will benefit from injection using the provided examples of the diffusion apparatus.
  • the provided examples are not limited to the injection of a nitrogen-oxides reductant solution, but are useful for providing passage between any liquid injector and a gaseous flow.
  • FIG. 2A is a chart depicting a rate of change of DEF droplet diameter and FIG. 2B includes a chart depicting relationship between distance and residence time for H 2 O evaporation and NH 3 formation from atomized DEF.
  • the vertical line in the chart depicts a distance and corresponding residence time for a particular EAS. As is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B , the more compact an EAS, the less favorable conditions for thermal decomposition of atomized DEF.
  • the area that is to the left of the NH3+HNCO curve in FIG. 2B represents an amount of DEF that has not been conveted by thermal decomposition. This undecomposed DEF, in combination with the high concentration of HNCO, helps to facilitate DEF deposit formation.
  • FIG. 3 depicts the activation energy barrier for the SCR reaction.
  • the activation energy barrier for the SCR reaction is higher, significantly more temperature sensitive, and prohibitively high at temperatures below about 230° C. This means that, at low temperatures, the SCR catalyst can play a crucial role in hydrolyzing HNCO and providing more NH 3 for the SCR reaction to proceed.
  • SCR catalyst size can be reduced significantly if a method can be found to efficiently perform reaction (3) and/or directly hydrolyze DEF, such as urea, as shown in reaction (4):
  • Static mixers are routinely used in EASs to achieve mixing of atomized DEF solution droplets and engine exhaust. Despite the common occurrence of DEF deposits at or in the vicinity of the mixer, and even a foot or more downstream of the mixer, the EAS can be operated to meet emission standards. As emissions standards, fuel economy, and space requirements become more and more stringent, conventional static mixers alone will not continue to perform well enough for heavy duty diesel applications. These conflicting needs must be addressed in the development of compact EASs with improved dosing and mixing technologies.
  • Prior DEF/SCR systems have a number of drawbacks, including some or all of: insufficient time or resident distance for slow reaction kinetics, negative impact on SCR catalyst function (e.g., from unavailability of NO x reduction active sites, premature aging, slip of particulate matter, and short SCR components), and low DEF dosing rates.
  • existing systems fail to provide efficient DEF atomization and mixing of DEF mist with engine exhaust.
  • existing systems fail to provide mass flow distribution and NH 3 uniformity indices close to unity.
  • Existing systems also fail to decompose (or convert) DEF sufficiently well to reduce deposit formation.
  • FIG. 4A depicts a system 400 that includes some of the above-referenced issues.
  • the system 400 includes a pipe 402 with exhaust 404 flowing through the pipe 402 .
  • the system 400 includes a wire mesh static mixer 406 connected to baffles 408 within the pipe 402 .
  • FIG. 4B depicts a view of the wire mesh static mixer 406 in the system 400 .
  • a DEF doser 410 is located in the pipe 402 upstream of the wire mesh static mixer 406 and the baffles 408 .
  • the DEF doser 410 injects atomized DEF 412 into the stream of the exhaust 404 .
  • FIG. 5 depicts an embodiment of a mixing chamber 500 for treatment of diesel exhaust 502 .
  • the mixing chamber 500 includes a mixing pipe 510 , one or more insertion pipes 520 , and a mixer 530 .
  • the mixing pipe 510 includes a first end 511 and a second end 512 and the diesel exhaust 502 passes from the first end 511 to the second end 512 .
  • the mixing pipe 510 includes an inner radial surface 513 and a longitudinal axis 514 .
  • the mixing pipe 510 also includes a DEF doser 515 that injects atomized DEF 516 into the diesel exhaust 502 as the diesel exhaust 502 passes from the first end 511 to the second end 512 .
  • the DEF doser 515 can be fed by a DEF supply line 517 .
  • the DEF doser 515 is located on a portion 518 of the first end 511 that is indented toward the second end 512 .
  • This arrangement allows the DEF doser 515 to be located near the longitudinal axis 514 between the first end 511 and the second send 512 . It also allows the DEF doser 515 to be located at a position that is separated from the inner radial surface 513 of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • a portion of either the DEF doser 515 or the DEF supply line 517 can pass through the indented portion 518 .
  • Such an arrangement can allow the diesel exhaust 502 to enter the mixing pipe 510 before the location of the DEF doser 515 without the DEF doser 515 or the DEF supply line 517 affecting the flow of the diesel exhaust 502 .
  • the one or more insertion pipes 520 insert the diesel exhaust 502 into the mixing pipe 510 near the first end 511 such that the diesel exhaust 502 entering the mixing pipe 510 has angular momentum with respect to the longitudinal axis 514 of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the angular momentum of the diesel exhaust 502 in the mixing pipe 510 can increase the residence time of the diesel exhaust 502 in the mixing pipe 510 because the diesel exhaust 502 is moving in a circular or swirling motion around the longitudinal axis 514 of the mixing pipe 510 as it also moves from the first end 511 to the second end 512 of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the increased residence time of the diesel exhaust 502 in the mixing pipe increases the uniformity of mixing of the atomized DEF 516 with the diesel exhaust 502 .
  • the circular or swirling motion of the diesel exhaust 502 also increases turbulence in the flow of the diesel exhaust 502 and the increased turbulence increases the uniformity of mixing of the atomized DEF 516 with the diesel exhaust 502 .
  • the angular momentum of the diesel exhaust 502 can cause the highest velocity of the diesel exhaust 502 in the mixing pipe 510 to be near the inner radial surface 513 .
  • the higher velocity of the diesel exhaust 502 near the inner radial surface 513 can increase the likelihood that any atomized DEF 516 that is coming close to impinging on the inner radial surface 513 will instead mix with the diesel exhaust 502 (i.e., decreasing the likelihood that the atomized DEF 516 impinges on the inner radial surface 513 ).
  • the one or more insertion pipes 520 include a straight portion 522 and a serpentine portion 524 .
  • the straight portion 522 can be perpendicular to the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the serpentine portion 524 can be arranged so that the diesel exhaust 502 makes a turn of more than 90° as the diesel exhaust 502 enters the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the serpentine portion 524 is arranged so that the diesel exhaust 502 makes a turn of about 135° as the diesel exhaust 502 enters the mixing pipe 510 . Causing the diesel exhaust 502 to turn in this way increases the angular momentum of the diesel exhaust 502 entering the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the one or more insertion pipes 520 includes an axis 526 .
  • the axis 526 of the one or more insertion pipes 520 is an axis of the serpentine portion 526 .
  • the axis 526 of the one or more insertion pipes 520 could be an axis of the straight portion 522 .
  • a cross section of the mixing pipe 510 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 514 can be larger than a cross section of the one or more insertion pipes 520 that is perpendicular to the axis 526 such that pressure in the diesel exhaust 502 drops as the diesel exhaust 502 passes from the one or more insertion pipes 520 into the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the lower pressure in the mixing pipe 510 decreases the flow rate of the diesel exhaust 502 to increase the residence time of the diesel exhaust 502 in the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the mixer 530 is coupled to the second end 512 of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the mixer 530 is configured to introduce gaseous ammonia into the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 .
  • the gaseous ammonia is introduced by catalytically hydrolyzing some of the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 to form gaseous NH 3 (e.g., according to equation (4) shown above).
  • the ammonia is usable later in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) function.
  • the mixer 530 can be a static mixer.
  • the mixer 530 is a tortuous path static mixer.
  • a tortuous path static mixer includes no direct (i.e., linear) paths from one side of the mixer 530 to the other side. This arrangement causes as much of the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 to impinge on some portion of the mixer 530 as possible. In this way, the effect of the catalyst can maximize the conversion of the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 into gaseous NH 3 .
  • the mixer 530 includes one or more of a wire mesh or a ceramic material. Portions of the mixer 530 can be coated with a catalyst that aids in the conversion of the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 into gaseous NH 3 .
  • a cross section of the mixer 530 that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 514 can be larger than a cross section of the mixing pipe 510 that is perpendicular to the axis 526 such that pressure in the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 drops as the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 passes from the mixing pipe 510 into the mixer 530 at a first end 531 of the mixer.
  • the lower pressure in the mixer 530 decreases the flow rate of the diesel exhaust 502 to increase the residence time of the diesel exhaust 502 in the mixer 530 .
  • the mixing pipe 510 and the mixer 530 can have cylindrical shapes.
  • a cross sectional area of an entrance of the mixing pipe 510 is between about 30% and about 75% smaller than a cross sectional shape of the first portion of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the diameter of the mixer 530 and a diameter of the mixing pipe 510 can be between about 10% and about 50% larger than the diameter of a first portion of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • Gaseous ammonia is be introduced into the diesel exhaust 502 injected with the atomized DEF 516 in the mixer 530 and passes out of a second end 532 of the mixer 530 . The diesel exhaust 502 with the gaseous ammonia can then undergo an SCR function.
  • the mixing chamber 500 can have a compact form.
  • a distance 541 from the first end 511 of the mixing pipe 510 to the second end 532 of the mixer 530 can be equal to or less than about ten inches.
  • a distance 542 from the first end 511 of the mixing pipe 510 to the second end 512 of the mixing pipe 510 can be equal to or less than about eight inches.
  • the one or more insertion pipe 520 can be configured to insert the diesel exhaust 502 into the mixing pipe in a region bounded in part by a first plane and a second plane, the first plane being coplanar with the first end 511 of the mixing pipe 510 and the second plane being parallel to and not exceeding a distance 543 away from the first plane.
  • the distance 543 can be no more than about two inches.
  • the one or more insertion pipe 520 is located within two inches of the first end 511 of the mixing pipe 510
  • the second end 512 of the mixing pipe 510 is located within eight inches of the first end 511 of the mixing pipe 510
  • the mixer 530 is located within ten inches of the first end 511 of the mixing pipe 510 .
  • the mixing chamber 500 can be configured to limit the amount of back pressure introduced into the exhaust system by the mixing chamber 500 . As back pressure in the exhaust system increases, fuel consumption by the vehicle also increases. Increasing the angular momentum of the exhaust gas 502 (e.g., using baffles or other components) as the exhaust gas 502 enters the mixing pipe 510 can add to the back pressure introduced by the mixing chamber 500 . In one embodiment, the mixing chamber 500 can be configured such that the back pressure introduced by the mixing chamber 500 does not exceed 7 kPa.
  • FIG. 6A depicts an embodiment of a manifold 600 that can be used to direct diesel exhaust 602 as it enters a mixing pipe (e.g., in mixing pipe 510 as the diesel exhaust 502 enters the mixing pipe 510 from the one or more insertion pipes 520 ).
  • the manifold 600 includes a housing 610 that has an inlet 612 that permits entry of diesel exhaust 602 from an insertion pipe. While the embodiment of the housing 610 shown in FIG. 6A has only one inlet 612 , any number of inlets can be included in housing 610 . While the housing 610 shown in FIG.
  • the housing 610 can also have a toroidal shape with any other cross section (e.g., a toroid with a square cross section) or any other shape.
  • the insertion of the diesel exhaust 602 into the inlet 612 can cause the diesel exhaust 602 to have angular momentum with respect to an axis of the mixing pipe (not shown).
  • the shape of the housing 610 and the manner of inserting the diesel exhaust 602 can cause angular acceleration of the diesel exhaust 602 in the housing 610 .
  • the housing 610 includes outlets 614 that permit the diesel exhaust 602 to exit the housing 610 toward the center of the housing 610 .
  • a baffle component 620 can be located in the center of the housing 610 .
  • the baffle component 620 (illustrated alone in FIG. 6B ) includes a number of baffles 622 affixed to a center ring 624 .
  • the baffles 622 can be arranged to direct diesel exhaust 602 exiting the outlets 614 to pass through the mixing pipe (not shown).
  • the arrangement of the baffles 622 may maintain much of the angular momentum of the diesel exhaust 602 exiting the outlets 614 such that the diesel exhaust 602 continues to have angular momentum as it passes through the mixing pipe.
  • the center ring 624 can be located around a DEF doser in the mixing pipe. As the diesel exhaust 602 exits the outlets 614 near the central ring 624 , the diesel exhaust 602 exits the housing 610 near the DEF doser, increasing the likelihood that the diesel exhaust 602 will be injected with atomized DEF from the DEF doser.
  • the baffle component 620 can be static in that it remains fixed with respect to the mixing pipe (i.e., it does not rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe).
  • FIG. 7A depicts a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a mixing chamber 700
  • FIG. 7B depicts an embodiment of an exhaust treatment system 770 that includes the mixing chamber 700
  • the mixing chamber 700 includes a mixing pipe 710 , one or more insertion pipes 720 , and a mixer 730
  • the exhaust treatment system 770 includes the mixing chamber 700 , an SCR component 740 , an ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) 750 , and an outlet 760 .
  • Diesel exhaust 702 is inserted from the one or more insertion pipes 720 into the mixing pipe 710 near a first end 711 of the mixing pipe 710 such that the diesel exhaust 702 has angular momentum with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe 710 .
  • the mixing pipe 710 includes static baffles 718 that are configured to direct the diesel exhaust 702 to pass through the mixing pipe 710 toward the mixer 730 .
  • the static baffles 718 are located around a DEF doser 715 that injects atomized DEF into the diesel exhaust 702 passing through the mixing pipe 710 toward the mixer 730 .
  • the diesel exhaust 702 injected with the atomized DEF passes through the mixer 730 where gaseous ammonia is introduced into the diesel exhaust 702 .
  • the SCR component 740 performs an SCR function on the diesel exhaust and the SCR function can use the gaseous ammonia in the diesel exhaust 702 .
  • the diesel exhaust 702 passes into the AMOX 750 and then through the outlet 760 on the way to an exhaust pipe.
  • the AMOX 750 is configured to remove excess ammonia from the diesel exhaust 702 . Any of the other embodiments of mixing chambers disclosed herein can be used in the exhaust treatment system 770 .
  • FIG. 8 depicts another embodiment of a mixing chamber 800 .
  • the mixing chamber 800 includes a mixing pipe 810 and an insertion pipe 820 .
  • the mixing pipe 810 has a longitudinal axis 814 and the insertion pipe 820 has an axis 826 .
  • the insertion pipe 820 has a serpentine section 824 and the axis 826 is an axis of the serpentine section 824 .
  • a turn angle 842 can be defined as the angle from the axis 826 of the insertion pipe 820 to the longitudinal axis 814 of the mixing pipe 810 that the diesel exhaust 802 turns to enter the mixing pipe 810 .
  • the turn angle 842 can be an angle greater than 90°. In one embodiment, the turn angle 842 is about or greater than 135°. In another embodiment, the turn angle 842 is about 135°.
  • the turn angle 842 can also be defined in other ways, such as an angle between an inner wall 828 of the serpentine section 824 and an inner radial wall 813 of the mixing pipe 813 .
  • the configuration of the mixing pipe 810 and the serpentine section 824 can be defined by an axis angle 844 between the longitudinal axis 814 of the mixing pipe 810 and the axis 826 of the insertion pipe 820 .
  • the axis angle 844 can be an angle less than 90°. In one embodiment, the axis angle 844 is about or less than 45°. In another embodiment, the axis angle 844 is about 45°.
  • the embodiments of turn angles and axis angles described with respect to mixing chamber 800 in FIG. 8 can be used with any the other embodiments of mixing chambers described herein.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a portion of an embodiment of a mixing chamber 900 with a textured mixing pipe 910 that can be used in accordance with any of the mixing chambers described herein.
  • the mixing chamber 900 includes a mixing pipe 910 and an insertion pipe 920 .
  • the mixing pipe 910 includes an inner radial surface 913 .
  • Diesel exhaust 902 is inserted into the mixing pipe 910 from the insertion pipe 920 and atomized DEF 916 is injected into the diesel exhaust 902 as the diesel exhaust 902 passes from the insertion pipe 920 to a mixer 930 .
  • the inner radial surface 913 includes texturing that creates disruptions 904 in the flow of the diesel exhaust 902 .
  • the disruptions 904 can increase the likelihood that the atomized DEF 916 mixes with the diesel exhaust 902 and, therefore, decrease the likelihood that the atomized DEF 916 impinges on the inner radial surface 913 .
  • the texturing on the inner radial surface 913 is in the form of dimples 919 on the inner radial surface 913 .
  • Other forms of texturing are possible.
  • the dimples 919 can be replaced with ribs or any other protrusions that cause disruptions 904 in the flow of the diesel exhaust 902 near the inner radial surface 913 .
  • any protrusions from the inner radial surface 913 can be formed of the same material as the mixing pipe 910 .
  • Protrusions from the inner radial surface 913 can also be formed from other material and adhered to the inner radial surface 913 of the mixing pipe 910 .
  • Protrusions from the inner radial surface 913 can also be formed by a surface treatment on the inner radial surface 913 of the mixing pipe 910 .
  • At least a portion of the internal wall surfaces, up to the entire portion of the internal wall surface, of the mixing chamber and connecting pipes can be coated with a DEF hydrolysis catalyst to enhance conversion of DEF to gaseous ammonia and to minimize DEF deposit formation.
  • texturing can be in the form of depressions into the inner radial surface 913 of the mixing pipe 910 .
  • the depressions can take any form, such as semi-spherical depressions, ring-shaped depressions, and the like.
  • FIG. 10 depicts embodiments of mixers 1010 and 1020 .
  • the mixers 1010 and 1020 are wire mesh type static mixers.
  • the mixers 1010 and 1020 can be used as mixers in any of the embodiments of mixing chambers disclosed herein.
  • the wire mesh of the mixers 1010 and 1020 can include one or more of patters, curves, bends, and/or any other feature that increases the likelihood that diesel exhaust passing through the mixers 1010 and 1020 will impinge on a portion of the wire mesh.
  • Such mixers 1010 and 1020 can be referred to as tortuous path static mixers. While mixers 1010 and 1020 are depicted as wire mesh static mixers, any other type of mixer can be used, such as ceramic type mixers.
  • FIG. 11 depicts an example of a wire mesh crimp specification 1100 .
  • the wire mesh crimp specification 1100 defines an outer edge of a wire mesh, such as the wire mesh of mixers 1010 and 1020 shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the wire mesh crimp specification 1100 is defined by a crimp width 1110 , a crimp height 1120 , and a crimp angle 1130 .
  • a variety of different crimp widths 1110 , crimp heights 1120 , and crimp angles 1130 can be used.
  • FIGS. 12A to 12C depict examples of wire mesh crimp specifications.
  • FIG. 12A depicts a wire mesh crimp specifications with a herringbone (i.e., V-shaped) configuration.
  • FIG. 12B depicts a wire mesh crimp specifications with a 10° crimp angle where the 10° crimp angle is angling up from right to left.
  • FIG. 12C depicts a wire mesh crimp specifications with a 30° crimp angle where the 30° crimp angle is angling up from left to right.
  • any of the mixers described in this disclosure can be coated with a catalyst.
  • the catalyst can be coated on the mixer (e.g., on a wire mesh of a tortuous path static mixer) to achieve efficient hydrolysis of DEF into NH 3 (see equation (4)).
  • the coating can also minimize or eliminate HNCO or deposit formation.
  • the catalyst can enable dosing of DEF in the mixing chamber at relatively low temperatures (i.e. down as low as about 150° C.).
  • At least a portion of the internal wall surfaces, up to the entire portion of the internal wall surface, of the mixing chamber and connecting pipes can be coated with a DEF hydrolysis catalyst to enhance conversion of DEF to gaseous ammonia and to minimize DEF deposit formation.
  • the catalyst is an 8 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia.
  • the catalyst was formed into a wash coat formulation that comprised 3.0 g catalyst, 4.4 g polyethylene oxide binder, 0.5 g polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide surfactant, 2.2 g water suspension medium.
  • the wash coat formulation was stirred vigorously by hand, allowed to degas for 30 minutes and employed in dip coating pieces of wire mesh, and retrieved from a sample wire mesh mixer.
  • the coated wire was air dried in the fume hood for 15 minutes, then transferred to an over for drying and sintering of the catalyst particle to form a coherent coating, as follows: 15 minutes at 105° C. and 60 minutes at 500° C.
  • FIG. 13A depicts an embodiment of a mixing chamber 1300 that is a modification of the prior art mixing chamber illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • a modified traditional mixing chamber may be seamlessly integrated into known exhaust systems, thereby providing improved DEF mixing without requiring reconfiguration of a vehicle's exhaust system.
  • the mixing chamber 1300 includes a mixing pipe 1310 with a baffle component 1320 and a mixer 1330 .
  • Diesel exhaust 1302 enters the mixing pipe 1310 before the baffle component 1320 and flows through the mixing chamber 1300 to the mixer 1330 .
  • the mixing pipe 1310 includes a DEF doser 1315 that is located between the baffle component 1320 and the mixer 1330 .
  • the DEF doser 1315 is configured to inject atomized DEF 1316 into the diesel exhaust 1302 flowing in the mixing pipe 1310 from the baffle component 1320 to the mixer 1330 .
  • the DEF doser 1315 is located downstream of the baffle component 1320 and the mixer 1330 is located downstream of the DEF doser 1315 .
  • the DEF doser 1315 is configured to inject the atomized DEF from a sidewall 1313 of the mixing pipe 1310 .
  • the baffle component 1320 includes a plurality of baffles 1321 that are configured to increase angular momentum of the diesel exhaust 1302 flowing through the mixing pipe 1310 .
  • Increasing the angular momentum of the diesel exhaust 1302 before the DEF doser 1315 increases the residence time of the diesel exhaust 1302 in the mixing pipe 1310 between the DEF doser 1315 and the mixer 1330 and increases the efficiency of mixing the atomized DEF 1316 in the diesel exhaust 1302 .
  • the baffle component 1320 and the mixer 1330 are located substantially coaxially with the mixing pipe.
  • FIGS. 13B to 13D depict embodiments of baffle components 1322 , 1323 , and 1324 , respectively, that can be used in accordance with the mixing chamber 1300 depicted in FIG. 13A .
  • baffle component 1322 has the greatest number of baffles 1321 and baffle component 1324 has the fewest number of baffles 1321 .
  • the baffles 1321 in baffle component 1324 can have a greater angle than the baffles 1321 in baffle component 1322 because the baffles 1321 in baffle component 1324 are spaced farther apart from each other.
  • baffles 1321 in baffle component 1322 can have a greater impact on the flow of diesel exhaust than the baffles 1321 in baffle component 1322 because the baffles 1321 in baffle component 1322 are spaced closer to each other.
  • the number of baffles 1321 and the angle of the baffles 1321 in baffle component 1320 have an effect on the linear velocity along the axis of the mixing pipe 1310 and the angular momentum around the axis of the mixing pipe of the diesel exhaust that passes through the baffle component 1320 .
  • the number of baffles 1321 and the angle of the baffles 1321 can be selected in an attempt to optimize the efficiency of mixing the atomized DEF 1316 in the diesel exhaust 1302 before the diesel exhaust 1302 reaches the mixer 1330 .
  • the angle of the baffles is less than or equal to about 30°.
  • the number of baffles is greater than or equal to eight and less than or equal to twenty six.
  • FIG. 14 depicts an example of a method 1400 of treating diesel exhaust.
  • diesel exhaust is inserted from one or more insertion pipes into a mixing pipe.
  • the diesel exhaust can be inserted near a first end of the mixing pipe.
  • the mixing pipe is configured to permit passage of the diesel exhaust from the first end to a second end of the mixing pipe.
  • the diesel exhaust can be inserted into the mixing pipe such that the diesel exhaust entering the mixing pipe has angular momentum with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe.
  • a cross section of the mixing pipe perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mixing pipe is larger than a cross section of the one or more insertion pipes perpendicular to an axis of the one or more insertion pipes such that pressure in the diesel exhaust drops as the diesel exhaust passes from the one or more insertion pipes into the mixing pipe.
  • atomized diesel exhaust fluid DEF
  • atomized DEF is injected into the diesel exhaust flowing from the first end to the second end of the mixing pipe.
  • atomized DEF is converted into gaseous ammonia and the gaseous ammonia is introduced into the diesel exhaust using a mixer coupled to the second end of the mixing pipe.
  • the method 1400 depicted in FIG. 14 can be modified by any of the other features or functions described herein.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US14/486,217 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 Diesel exhaust mixing chamber Abandoned US20160076425A1 (en)

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US14/486,217 US20160076425A1 (en) 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 Diesel exhaust mixing chamber
MX2015012462A MX2015012462A (es) 2014-09-15 2015-09-11 Cámara de mezcla de escape de diesel.
CA2903789A CA2903789A1 (fr) 2014-09-15 2015-09-11 Chambre de melange d'echappement de moteur diesel
EP15184990.8A EP2998534A3 (fr) 2014-09-15 2015-09-14 Chambre de mélange d'échappement diesel

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JP2019132149A (ja) * 2018-01-30 2019-08-08 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 排気浄化装置
US10563557B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2020-02-18 Cnh Industrial America Llc Exhaust system for a work vehicle
US10920635B2 (en) 2019-04-23 2021-02-16 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Exhaust gas aftertreatment system with a reducing agent mixer having an injector tip protector
US10934918B1 (en) * 2019-10-14 2021-03-02 Paccar Inc Combined urea hydrolysis and selective catalytic reduction for emissions control
US10947948B1 (en) 2020-02-12 2021-03-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for ignition coil multiplexing in a pre-chamber system
US11007514B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2021-05-18 Paccar Inc Ammonia facilitated cation loading of zeolite catalysts
US11156198B1 (en) 2020-07-02 2021-10-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for ignition coil multiplexing in a pre-chamber system
US11300025B2 (en) 2018-11-06 2022-04-12 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for reducing reductant deposit formation in a decomposition reactor of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine
US11319861B1 (en) 2020-10-30 2022-05-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust conduit with a textured surface
US20230151754A1 (en) * 2021-11-14 2023-05-18 Andreas Doering Exhaust gas turbine and method of operating the same
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10273854B1 (en) 2017-12-20 2019-04-30 Cnh Industrial America Llc Exhaust system for a work vehicle
US10563557B2 (en) 2017-12-20 2020-02-18 Cnh Industrial America Llc Exhaust system for a work vehicle
JP2019132149A (ja) * 2018-01-30 2019-08-08 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 排気浄化装置
JP7086333B2 (ja) 2018-01-30 2022-06-20 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 排気浄化装置
CN108468584A (zh) * 2018-05-04 2018-08-31 博格思众智能装备（昆山）有限公司 雾化混合管及柴油车尾气净化装置
US11300025B2 (en) 2018-11-06 2022-04-12 Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. Systems and methods for reducing reductant deposit formation in a decomposition reactor of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine
US11007514B2 (en) 2019-04-05 2021-05-18 Paccar Inc Ammonia facilitated cation loading of zeolite catalysts
US10920635B2 (en) 2019-04-23 2021-02-16 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc Exhaust gas aftertreatment system with a reducing agent mixer having an injector tip protector
US10934918B1 (en) * 2019-10-14 2021-03-02 Paccar Inc Combined urea hydrolysis and selective catalytic reduction for emissions control
US10947948B1 (en) 2020-02-12 2021-03-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for ignition coil multiplexing in a pre-chamber system
US11346318B2 (en) 2020-02-12 2022-05-31 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for ignition coil multiplexing in a prechamber system
US11156198B1 (en) 2020-07-02 2021-10-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Systems and methods for ignition coil multiplexing in a pre-chamber system
US11319861B1 (en) 2020-10-30 2022-05-03 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Exhaust conduit with a textured surface
US20230151754A1 (en) * 2021-11-14 2023-05-18 Andreas Doering Exhaust gas turbine and method of operating the same
US11795853B2 (en) * 2021-11-14 2023-10-24 Andreas Doering Exhaust gas turbine and method of operating the same
US11965450B2 (en) 2022-04-29 2024-04-23 Cnh Industrial America Llc Exhaust treatment systems for work vehicles

Also Published As

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MX2015012462A (es) 2016-04-26
EP2998534A2 (fr) 2016-03-23
EP2998534A3 (fr) 2016-06-08
CA2903789A1 (fr) 2016-03-15

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