US20150340981A1 - Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration - Google Patents
Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150340981A1 US20150340981A1 US14/438,269 US201314438269A US2015340981A1 US 20150340981 A1 US20150340981 A1 US 20150340981A1 US 201314438269 A US201314438269 A US 201314438269A US 2015340981 A1 US2015340981 A1 US 2015340981A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cfg
- vibratory
- mechanical device
- force vector
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H02P25/027—
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/032—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/10—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy
- B06B1/16—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of mechanical energy operating with systems involving rotary unbalanced masses
- B06B1/161—Adjustable systems, i.e. where amplitude or direction of frequency of vibration can be varied
Definitions
- Some mechanical devices perform specific functions through use of induced vibratory motion. Such devices include monitoring damage detection and structural assessment of civil structures and mechanical devices, damping in civil structures, searching for oil and gas with seismic impulse exciters, medical device and equipment, controlling fluid flow in a pipe, deliquifying screens, material separators, vibratory feeders and conveyors, attrition mills, mold shakeout machines, and vibratory compactors.
- these devices utilize one or more force generators to create a predefined force profile for inducing vibration within the device.
- These force generators may include linear drives or imbalanced rotors driven by synchronous motors or induction motors whose speed is an integer fraction of the electrical source frequency. To vary the frequency of vibration, variable frequency drives (VFDs) are used in conjunction with these motors.
- VFDs variable frequency drives
- springs, stabilizers, and/or mechanical pivots are used.
- multiple synchronous or asynchronous motors are used on the same device and are coupled through common base vibration, they tend to synchronize with each other to produce a consistent and predesigned force profile.
- the aforementioned devices are incapable of maintaining a desired vibration profile when operating conditions change, such as a change in material loading, changes in temperature, changes in material properties, or other variables that can alter the response of the mechanical device.
- the aforementioned devices cannot create certain desirable vibration profiles.
- the aforementioned devices cannot create a variety of selectable vibration profiles within limits imposed by the authority of their respective force generators.
- a system for creating a prescribed operating function within a mechanical device comprising a mechanical device, at least one circular force generator (CFG), at least one sensor and a controller.
- the CFG is affixed to the mechanical device.
- the CFG is capable of producing a rotating force vector, wherein the rotating force vector includes a magnitude, a phase, and a frequency, wherein the CFG creates at least one vibration profile in the mechanical device.
- the at least one sensor is positioned on the mechanical device, wherein the sensor measures an operating function associated with and enabled by the vibration profile.
- the controller is in electronic communication with the sensor and with the CFG, the controller operably controlling the force vector based upon the measurement of the operating function, wherein the magnitude, phase and frequency are independently controllable by the controller, wherein the controller changes the force vector. Wherein a difference between the measured operating function and a prescribed operating function is reduced.
- a system for creating a prescribed vibration profile within a mechanical device comprising a mechanical device, at least one circular force generator (CFG), at least one sensor and a controller.
- the CFG is affixed to the mechanical device.
- the CFG is capable of producing a rotating force vector, wherein the rotating force vector includes a magnitude, a phase, and a frequency, wherein the CFG creates at least one vibration profile in the mechanical device.
- the at least one sensor is positioned on the mechanical device, wherein the sensor measures a vibration profile associated with and enabled by the vibration profile.
- the controller is in electronic communication with the sensor and with the CFG, the controller operably controlling the force vector based upon the measurement of the vibration profile, wherein the magnitude, phase and frequency are independently controllable by the controller, wherein the controller changes the force vector. Wherein a difference between the measured vibration profile and a prescribed vibration profile is reduced.
- the invention provides for a method for creating a prescribed operating function on a mechanical device having at least one CFG capable of producing a rotating force vector with a controllable magnitude, phase and frequency, a sensor and a controller, and the CFG is capable of creating at least one vibration profile in the mechanical device, the method comprising the steps of:
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a deliquifying screen with circular force generators positioned thereon.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a typical vibration prescribed vibration profile enabled by the present invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a vibratory conveyor with circular force generators positioned thereon.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a vibratory material separator with circular force generators positioned thereon.
- FIG. 5A illustrates one embodiment of a Circular Force Generator (CFG).
- CFG Circular Force Generator
- FIG. 5B illustrates a partial cut-away view of the CFG of FIG. 5A .
- FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a CFG.
- the CFG comprises two separate identical components, one of which is shown.
- FIG. 7 illustrates yet another embodiment of a CFG.
- the CFG comprises two separate identical components, one of which is shown.
- FIGS. 8A-C illustrate force generation using two co-rotating imbalanced rotors to create a circular force with controllable magnitude and phase, thereby providing a CFG.
- FIG. 9 illustrates two CFGs coaxial mounted on both sides of a mounting plate.
- FIG. 10 illustrates two CFGs mounted side-by-side on a mounting plate.
- the invention described herein is applicable to a wide range of devices where a mechanically induced vibration is desired, the non-limiting examples of vibratory deliquifying machines, conveyors, and separators are used for illustration purposes.
- FIG. 1 shows the invention as applied to the non-limiting example of a vibratory deliquifying machine illustrated and generally designated by the numeral 10 .
- the non-limiting example vibratory deliquifying machine 10 as illustrated, includes inlet 12 , screen 14 , exit 16 , springs 18 , and force generators 20 .
- Force generators 20 are preferably CFG 20 .
- slurries enter inlet 12 where a vibratory motion causes the slurry to convey across screen 14 suspended on springs 18 .
- a vibratory motion causes the slurry to convey across screen 14 suspended on springs 18 .
- liquid passes through screen 14 while dry material (not shown) is extracted at exit 16 .
- CFG 20 including controller 22 , enables the use of a prescribed elliptical vibratory motion for optimal performance.
- the prescribed elliptical vibratory motion from CFGs 20 increases the separation of liquid and solid matter. This also enables the maintenance of the optimal vibratory motion even when the mass of the slurry or the center-of-gravity of the slurry on screen 14 changes with time or operating condition.
- each CFG 20 is capable of creating rotating force vector 26 having a controllable magnitude F 0 , a controllable phase ⁇ , and a controllable frequency ⁇ .
- CFGs 20 are mounted on centerline 28 of vibratory deliquifying machine 10 . This placement avoids creating a side-to-side rocking motion from applied forces.
- Screen structure 24 is assumed to be a rigid body, whereby the two proximal CFGs 20 create two degrees-of-freedom of controllable planar motion.
- the addition of more CFGs 20 will increase the degrees-of-freedom of controllable motion.
- the application of a third CFG 20 will allow for three degrees-of-freedom of controllable planar motion.
- the maximum of six CFGs 20 will allow for a full six degrees-of-freedom rigid body control of motion.
- two-to-six CFGs 20 are utilized on a rigid body to create controllable motion from two to six two degrees-of-freedom, respectively.
- sensors 30 are used to provide input to controller 22 . Sensors 30 are applied to the screen structure 24 . The location of sensors 30 is determined by the particular data element being sensed. Sensors 30 monitor an aspect of vibratory deliquifying machine 10 performance related to the induced vibratory motion.
- controller 22 commands the force magnitude, phase, and frequency of each CFG 20 .
- Controller 22 commands the force magnitude, phase, and frequency of each CFG 20 .
- controller 22 resides at least one algorithm comparing performance, as measured by sensors 30 , with a desired performance to produce an error. The algorithm then produces CFG commands that that will reduce or minimize this error.
- controller 22 uses a filtered-x least mean square (Fx-LMS) gradient descent algorithm to reduce the error.
- Fx-LMS filtered-x least mean square
- TAG time-average gradient
- Sensors include all types of vibration sensors, including digital, analog, and optical. Sensors also include accelerometers, thermocouples, infrared sensors, mass flow rate sensors, particle matter sensors, load sensors and optical sensors. The sensors may be selected from the group consisting of vibration sensors, accelerometers, thermocouples, infrared sensors, mass flow rate sensors, particle matter sensors, load sensors, optical sensors and combinations thereof. A plurality of sensors of the same type or a plurality of different types sensors are employed to maximize the measurement of the operating condition.
- the mechanical devices contemplated herein perform specific operating functions through use of induced vibratory profiles. Operating functions material flow or movement, material separation, material compaction, drying, pumping, as well as others. All of the operating functions are enabled by the induced vibratory profile and react to vibratory input from CFGs 20 .
- sensors 30 are accelerometers directly measuring the operating function of screen structure 24 .
- the operating condition measured is the vibration profile of screen structure 24 .
- Controller 22 implements an algorithm that produces CFG commands such that the measured operating function moves toward the prescribed vibration profile reducing the error.
- FIG. 2 shows both a prescribed vibration profile (labeled as “Command”) and a measured vibration profile as measured by a biaxial accelerometer located near the center-of-gravity of the screen assembly.
- the prescribed vibration profile is illustrated as a solid line and labeled as “Command,” and the measured vibration profile is illustrated as a dotted line and labeled as “Measured.” It can be seen that the difference, or error, between these profiles is small.
- FIG. 3 shows the present invention applied to vibratory feeder 100 .
- Material is fed onto feeder bed 102 of vibratory feeder 100 from hopper 104 .
- Vibratory motion conveys the material along feeder bed 102 where it is then metered into another machine, or a package, or any one of a number of secondary systems.
- Optimal performance includes precision metering of material flow or high material conveyance rate without damaging or dispersing the material.
- the present invention also enables the maintenance of the optimal vibratory motion even when the mass of the material on feeder bed 102 or the center-of-gravity of the material on feeder bed 102 changes with time or operating condition.
- the prescribed vibration is selected from the group consisting of linear, elliptical and orbital, as determined by the desired outcome.
- Vibratory feeder 100 illustrated in FIG. 3 is used similarly to the application to vibratory deliquifying machine 10 described hereinabove and illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- Feedback sensors 106 shown are accelerometers, but may be sensors 106 that directly or indirectly measure material flow rate.
- sensors 106 shown in FIG. 3 are embedded within CFG 20 thereby eliminating extra connectors and wiring harnesses associated therewith.
- vibratory material separator 200 is illustrated as another non-limiting example.
- Vibratory material separator 200 uses screens (not shown) and induced vibratory motion to separate granular materials or aggregates based on grain size and/or density.
- the performance of material separators is optimized.
- Optimal performance includes improving separation, or improving throughput, or a combination thereof.
- Optimal performance also includes enhancement of the screen life and anti-fouling of the screen. The optimal vibratory motion is maintained even when the mass of the material or the center-of-gravity of the material within vibratory material separator 200 changes with time or operating condition.
- the application of the present invention to vibratory material separator 200 illustrated in FIG. 4 is very similar to the application to previous examples described hereinbefore.
- FIGS. 5A-8C provide non-limiting examples of CFG 20 in different variations.
- CFG 20 consists of two imbalanced masses 32 a , 32 b each attached to a shaft 34 and each suspended between two rolling element bearings 36 a , 36 b .
- Each imbalance mass 32 a , 32 b is driven by motor 38 a , 38 b .
- the two motors 38 a , 38 b within CFG 20 are brushless permanent magnet motors, sometimes called servo motors.
- Each motor 38 a , 38 b includes a sensor 40 for sensing the rotary position of imbalanced masses 32 a , 32 b .
- Equation (1) an algorithm employing Equation (1) that receives the rotary position sensor feedback, and uses common servo motor control techniques controls the rotary position 8 of each motor. The equation employed is illustrated by Equation (1):
- mr is the magnitude of imbalanced mass 32 a , 32 b which is typically expressed in units of Kg-m.
- the phase of the first imbalanced mass 32 a with respect to the second imbalanced mass 32 b (i.e., the relative phase) within CFG 20 will determine the magnitude of resultant rotating force vector 26 .
- a zero-force case and a full-force case of imbalance masses 32 a and 32 b of CFG 20 are both illustrated.
- the relative phase ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 is 180 degrees and resulting force rotating vector 26 has a magnitude of zero.
- the relative phase ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 1 is 0 degrees and resulting rotating force vector 26 has a maximum magnitude of 2
- the magnitude of resulting rotating force vector 26 will be between zero and maximum.
- the collective phase ⁇ of rotating force vector 26 can be varied to provide phasing between CFGs 20 . Through control of phase ⁇ of each imbalance mass 32 a , 32 b the magnitude and absolute phase of the rotating force vector 26 produced by CFG 20 can be controlled.
- the particular structure carrying CFGs 20 includes n vibration sensors 30 and m CFGs 20 , wherein n ⁇ m and (with m whole number equal to or greater than one). Controller 22 detects at least one vibration signal from at least one vibration sensor 30 , the vibration signal providing a magnitude, a phase, and a frequency of the detected vibration. Controller 22 generates a vibration reference signal from the detected vibration data and correlates it to the relative vibration of the particular structure carrying CFGs 20 relative to the CFGs 20 .
- the first CFG 20 includes the first imbalance mass 32 a controllably driven about a first mass axis 42 with a first controllable imbalance phase ⁇ 1 and a second imbalance mass 32 b controllably driven about a second mass axis 44 with a second controllable imbalance phase ⁇ 2 , the first controllable imbalance phase ⁇ 1 and the imbalance phase ⁇ 2 controlled in reference to the vibration reference signal.
- the m th CFG 20 includes a first imbalance mass (mass m — 1 ) 32 a controllably driven about a first mass axis 42 with a first controllable imbalance phase and a second imbalance mass 32 b controllably driven about a second mass axis 44 with a second controllable imbalance phase, the imbalance phase and the imbalance phase controlled in reference to the vibration reference signal.
- the vibration reference signal is typically an artificially generated signal within the controller and is typically a sine wave at the desired operational frequency.
- CFG 20 includes a first imbalance mass 32 a with a first controllable imbalance phase ⁇ 1 and a second imbalance mass 32 b with a second controllable imbalance phase ⁇ 2 .
- the first imbalance mass 32 a is driven with first motor 38 a and second imbalance mass 32 b is driven with second motor 38 b.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 an embodiment implementing CFG 20 as two identical, but separate, units 46 is illustrated.
- Each unit 46 contains a single imbalanced mass 32 driven by a single motor 38 . By positioning the two units 46 in close proximity, the functionality of CFG 20 is achieved.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show additional embodiments of CFG 20 . In these figures, only one of two units 46 comprising CFG 20 is shown. The same basic elements previously described are identified in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 .
- Two units 46 may be applied to a mechanical device in proximity to one another to enable CFG 20 .
- two units 46 may be applied coaxially on either side of mounting plate to enable CFG 20 as illustrated in FIG. 9 .
- two units 46 are mounted non-coaxially side-by-side to enable CFG 20 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Some mechanical devices perform specific functions through use of induced vibratory motion. Such devices include monitoring damage detection and structural assessment of civil structures and mechanical devices, damping in civil structures, searching for oil and gas with seismic impulse exciters, medical device and equipment, controlling fluid flow in a pipe, deliquifying screens, material separators, vibratory feeders and conveyors, attrition mills, mold shakeout machines, and vibratory compactors. Typically these devices utilize one or more force generators to create a predefined force profile for inducing vibration within the device. These force generators may include linear drives or imbalanced rotors driven by synchronous motors or induction motors whose speed is an integer fraction of the electrical source frequency. To vary the frequency of vibration, variable frequency drives (VFDs) are used in conjunction with these motors. To tailor the shape of the vibration profile or create a resonance for the purpose of amplifying the vibration response, springs, stabilizers, and/or mechanical pivots are used. When multiple synchronous or asynchronous motors are used on the same device and are coupled through common base vibration, they tend to synchronize with each other to produce a consistent and predesigned force profile.
- The aforementioned devices are incapable of maintaining a desired vibration profile when operating conditions change, such as a change in material loading, changes in temperature, changes in material properties, or other variables that can alter the response of the mechanical device. In some cases, the aforementioned devices cannot create certain desirable vibration profiles. In other cases, the aforementioned devices cannot create a variety of selectable vibration profiles within limits imposed by the authority of their respective force generators.
- In accordance with the present invention a system for creating a prescribed operating function within a mechanical device. The system comprises a mechanical device, at least one circular force generator (CFG), at least one sensor and a controller. The CFG is affixed to the mechanical device. The CFG is capable of producing a rotating force vector, wherein the rotating force vector includes a magnitude, a phase, and a frequency, wherein the CFG creates at least one vibration profile in the mechanical device. The at least one sensor is positioned on the mechanical device, wherein the sensor measures an operating function associated with and enabled by the vibration profile. The controller is in electronic communication with the sensor and with the CFG, the controller operably controlling the force vector based upon the measurement of the operating function, wherein the magnitude, phase and frequency are independently controllable by the controller, wherein the controller changes the force vector. Wherein a difference between the measured operating function and a prescribed operating function is reduced.
- In accordance with the present invention a system for creating a prescribed vibration profile within a mechanical device. The system comprises a mechanical device, at least one circular force generator (CFG), at least one sensor and a controller. The CFG is affixed to the mechanical device. The CFG is capable of producing a rotating force vector, wherein the rotating force vector includes a magnitude, a phase, and a frequency, wherein the CFG creates at least one vibration profile in the mechanical device. The at least one sensor is positioned on the mechanical device, wherein the sensor measures a vibration profile associated with and enabled by the vibration profile. The controller is in electronic communication with the sensor and with the CFG, the controller operably controlling the force vector based upon the measurement of the vibration profile, wherein the magnitude, phase and frequency are independently controllable by the controller, wherein the controller changes the force vector. Wherein a difference between the measured vibration profile and a prescribed vibration profile is reduced.
- In another aspect, the invention provides for a method for creating a prescribed operating function on a mechanical device having at least one CFG capable of producing a rotating force vector with a controllable magnitude, phase and frequency, a sensor and a controller, and the CFG is capable of creating at least one vibration profile in the mechanical device, the method comprising the steps of:
-
- (a) defining a prescribed operating function;
- (b) measuring an operating function with the sensor;
- (c) communicating the measured operating function from the sensor to the controller;
- (d) calculating an error by comparing the measured operating function to the desired operating function;
- (e) processing the error in the controller using an algorithm, wherein the processing produces a command for the CFG, the command including changes to the magnitude, the phase, and/or the frequency of the rotating force vector;
- (f) communicating the changes to the force vector to the CFG such that the difference between the measured operating function and the prescribed operating function is reduced.
- Numerous objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent as the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments is read in conjunction with the drawings, which illustrate such embodiments.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a deliquifying screen with circular force generators positioned thereon. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a typical vibration prescribed vibration profile enabled by the present invention. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of a vibratory conveyor with circular force generators positioned thereon. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of a vibratory material separator with circular force generators positioned thereon. -
FIG. 5A illustrates one embodiment of a Circular Force Generator (CFG). -
FIG. 5B illustrates a partial cut-away view of the CFG ofFIG. 5A . -
FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a CFG. In this case the CFG comprises two separate identical components, one of which is shown. -
FIG. 7 illustrates yet another embodiment of a CFG. In this case the CFG comprises two separate identical components, one of which is shown. -
FIGS. 8A-C illustrate force generation using two co-rotating imbalanced rotors to create a circular force with controllable magnitude and phase, thereby providing a CFG. -
FIG. 9 illustrates two CFGs coaxial mounted on both sides of a mounting plate. -
FIG. 10 illustrates two CFGs mounted side-by-side on a mounting plate. - The invention described herein is applicable to a wide range of devices where a mechanically induced vibration is desired, the non-limiting examples of vibratory deliquifying machines, conveyors, and separators are used for illustration purposes.
- Referring to the drawings,
FIG. 1 shows the invention as applied to the non-limiting example of a vibratory deliquifying machine illustrated and generally designated by thenumeral 10. The non-limiting example vibratory deliquifyingmachine 10, as illustrated, includesinlet 12,screen 14,exit 16,springs 18, andforce generators 20.Force generators 20 are preferablyCFG 20. - In vibratory
deliquifying machine 10, slurries (not shown) enterinlet 12 where a vibratory motion causes the slurry to convey acrossscreen 14 suspended onsprings 18. As the slurry is conveyed acrossscreen 14, liquid passes throughscreen 14 while dry material (not shown) is extracted atexit 16. - Existing
vibratory deliquifying machines 10 have a specific elliptical vibratory motion at one specific frequency providing for optimal performance.CFG 20, includingcontroller 22, enables the use of a prescribed elliptical vibratory motion for optimal performance. In the case of the non-limiting example of vibratory deliquifyingmachine 10, the prescribed elliptical vibratory motion fromCFGs 20 increases the separation of liquid and solid matter. This also enables the maintenance of the optimal vibratory motion even when the mass of the slurry or the center-of-gravity of the slurry onscreen 14 changes with time or operating condition. - In
FIG. 1 two,CFGs 20 are mounted toscreen structure 24 of vibratorydeliquifying machine 10. Referring toFIGS. 8A-8C forCFG 20, eachCFG 20 is capable of creating rotatingforce vector 26 having a controllable magnitude F0, a controllable phase φ, and a controllable frequency ω. TwoCFGs 20 operating at the same frequency ω and proximal to each other, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 8A-8C, where one is producing a clockwise rotating force vector and one is producing a counter clockwise rotating force vector, produce a resultant that is a controllable two degree-of-freedom planar force. These applied forces act onscreen structure 24 and produce an induced vibratory motion. - In the non-limiting example illustrated in
FIG. 1 ,CFGs 20 are mounted oncenterline 28 ofvibratory deliquifying machine 10. This placement avoids creating a side-to-side rocking motion from applied forces.Screen structure 24 is assumed to be a rigid body, whereby the twoproximal CFGs 20 create two degrees-of-freedom of controllable planar motion. The addition of more CFGs 20 will increase the degrees-of-freedom of controllable motion. For example, the application of athird CFG 20 will allow for three degrees-of-freedom of controllable planar motion. The maximum of sixCFGs 20 will allow for a full six degrees-of-freedom rigid body control of motion. Depending upon the need, two-to-sixCFGs 20 are utilized on a rigid body to create controllable motion from two to six two degrees-of-freedom, respectively. - In the non-limiting example of
vibratory deliquifying machine 10 illustrated inFIG. 1 ,sensors 30 are used to provide input tocontroller 22.Sensors 30 are applied to thescreen structure 24. The location ofsensors 30 is determined by the particular data element being sensed.Sensors 30 monitor an aspect ofvibratory deliquifying machine 10 performance related to the induced vibratory motion. - The signals from
sensors 30 are received bycontroller 22.Controller 22 commands the force magnitude, phase, and frequency of eachCFG 20. Withincontroller 22 resides at least one algorithm comparing performance, as measured bysensors 30, with a desired performance to produce an error. The algorithm then produces CFG commands that that will reduce or minimize this error. Many methods are known to those skilled in the art for reducing an error based onsensor 30 feedback, including various feedback control algorithms, open-loop adaptive algorithms, and non-adaptive open-loop methods. In one exemplary embodiment,controller 22 uses a filtered-x least mean square (Fx-LMS) gradient descent algorithm to reduce the error. In another exemplary embodiment, the controller uses a time-average gradient (TAG) algorithm to reduce the error. - Sensors include all types of vibration sensors, including digital, analog, and optical. Sensors also include accelerometers, thermocouples, infrared sensors, mass flow rate sensors, particle matter sensors, load sensors and optical sensors. The sensors may be selected from the group consisting of vibration sensors, accelerometers, thermocouples, infrared sensors, mass flow rate sensors, particle matter sensors, load sensors, optical sensors and combinations thereof. A plurality of sensors of the same type or a plurality of different types sensors are employed to maximize the measurement of the operating condition.
- The mechanical devices contemplated herein perform specific operating functions through use of induced vibratory profiles. Operating functions material flow or movement, material separation, material compaction, drying, pumping, as well as others. All of the operating functions are enabled by the induced vibratory profile and react to vibratory input from
CFGs 20. - In an exemplary embodiment,
sensors 30 are accelerometers directly measuring the operating function ofscreen structure 24. In this non-limiting embodiment, the operating condition measured is the vibration profile ofscreen structure 24. Withincontroller 22 the measured operating function is compared with a desired or prescribed vibration profile to produce an error.Controller 22 then implements an algorithm that produces CFG commands such that the measured operating function moves toward the prescribed vibration profile reducing the error. By way of illustration,FIG. 2 shows both a prescribed vibration profile (labeled as “Command”) and a measured vibration profile as measured by a biaxial accelerometer located near the center-of-gravity of the screen assembly. InFIG. 2 the prescribed vibration profile is illustrated as a solid line and labeled as “Command,” and the measured vibration profile is illustrated as a dotted line and labeled as “Measured.” It can be seen that the difference, or error, between these profiles is small. - In another illustrative non-limiting example,
FIG. 3 shows the present invention applied tovibratory feeder 100. Material is fed ontofeeder bed 102 ofvibratory feeder 100 fromhopper 104. Vibratory motion conveys the material alongfeeder bed 102 where it is then metered into another machine, or a package, or any one of a number of secondary systems. - Application of the present invention enables a prescribed elliptical vibratory motion for optimal performance of
vibratory feeder 100. Optimal performance includes precision metering of material flow or high material conveyance rate without damaging or dispersing the material. The present invention also enables the maintenance of the optimal vibratory motion even when the mass of the material onfeeder bed 102 or the center-of-gravity of the material onfeeder bed 102 changes with time or operating condition. In other embodiments or other uses the prescribed vibration is selected from the group consisting of linear, elliptical and orbital, as determined by the desired outcome. -
Vibratory feeder 100 illustrated inFIG. 3 is used similarly to the application tovibratory deliquifying machine 10 described hereinabove and illustrated inFIGS. 1 and 2 .Feedback sensors 106 shown are accelerometers, but may besensors 106 that directly or indirectly measure material flow rate. By way of non-limiting example,sensors 106 shown inFIG. 3 are embedded withinCFG 20 thereby eliminating extra connectors and wiring harnesses associated therewith. - Referring to
FIG. 4 vibratory material separator 200 is illustrated as another non-limiting example.Vibratory material separator 200, as illustrated, uses screens (not shown) and induced vibratory motion to separate granular materials or aggregates based on grain size and/or density. Using prescribed vibratory motion generated byCFGs 20, the performance of material separators is optimized. Optimal performance includes improving separation, or improving throughput, or a combination thereof. Optimal performance also includes enhancement of the screen life and anti-fouling of the screen. The optimal vibratory motion is maintained even when the mass of the material or the center-of-gravity of the material withinvibratory material separator 200 changes with time or operating condition. The application of the present invention tovibratory material separator 200 illustrated inFIG. 4 is very similar to the application to previous examples described hereinbefore. -
FIGS. 5A-8C provide non-limiting examples ofCFG 20 in different variations. Referring toFIGS. 5A-6 ,CFG 20 consists of twoimbalanced masses shaft 34 and each suspended between two rollingelement bearings imbalance mass motor motors CFG 20 are brushless permanent magnet motors, sometimes called servo motors. Eachmotor sensor 40 for sensing the rotary position ofimbalanced masses aforementioned controller 22, an algorithm employing Equation (1) that receives the rotary position sensor feedback, and uses common servo motor control techniques controls the rotary position 8 of each motor. The equation employed is illustrated by Equation (1): -
θ(t)=φt+ω (Equation (1) - where ω is the rotational speed and φ is the rotational phase. Rotational phase φ corresponds to the phase of the motor (and thus the imbalanced mass) with respect to an internal reference tachometer signal. Both
imbalanced masses imbalanced mass -
|F|=mr ω 2 Equation (2) - where mr is the magnitude of
imbalanced mass imbalanced mass 32 a with respect to the secondimbalanced mass 32 b (i.e., the relative phase) withinCFG 20 will determine the magnitude of resultantrotating force vector 26. - Referring to
FIGS. 8A-C , a zero-force case and a full-force case ofimbalance masses CFG 20 are both illustrated. In the zero-force case the relative phase φ2-φ1 is 180 degrees and resultingforce rotating vector 26 has a magnitude of zero. In the full-force case, the relative phase φ2-φ1 is 0 degrees and resultingrotating force vector 26 has a maximum magnitude of 2|F|. For relative phases φ2-φ1 between 0 and 180 degrees, the magnitude of resultingrotating force vector 26 will be between zero and maximum. Furthermore, the collective phase γ of rotatingforce vector 26 can be varied to provide phasing betweenCFGs 20. Through control of phase φ of eachimbalance mass rotating force vector 26 produced byCFG 20 can be controlled. - Referring to
FIGS. 1-8C , the particularstructure carrying CFGs 20 includesn vibration sensors 30 andm CFGs 20, wherein n≧m and (with m whole number equal to or greater than one).Controller 22 detects at least one vibration signal from at least onevibration sensor 30, the vibration signal providing a magnitude, a phase, and a frequency of the detected vibration.Controller 22 generates a vibration reference signal from the detected vibration data and correlates it to the relative vibration of the particularstructure carrying CFGs 20 relative to theCFGs 20. - Preferably, the
first CFG 20 includes thefirst imbalance mass 32 a controllably driven about a firstmass axis 42 with a first controllable imbalance phase φ1 and asecond imbalance mass 32 b controllably driven about a secondmass axis 44 with a second controllable imbalance phase φ2, the first controllable imbalance phase φ1 and the imbalance phase φ2 controlled in reference to the vibration reference signal. The mth CFG 20 includes a first imbalance mass (massm— 1) 32 a controllably driven about a firstmass axis 42 with a first controllable imbalance phase and asecond imbalance mass 32 b controllably driven about a secondmass axis 44 with a second controllable imbalance phase, the imbalance phase and the imbalance phase controlled in reference to the vibration reference signal. The vibration reference signal is typically an artificially generated signal within the controller and is typically a sine wave at the desired operational frequency. - Referring to
FIGS. 5A-8 ,CFG 20 includes afirst imbalance mass 32 a with a first controllable imbalance phase φ1 and asecond imbalance mass 32 b with a second controllable imbalance phase φ2. Thefirst imbalance mass 32 a is driven withfirst motor 38 a andsecond imbalance mass 32 b is driven withsecond motor 38 b. - Referring to
FIGS. 6 and 7 , anembodiment implementing CFG 20 as two identical, but separate, units 46 is illustrated. Each unit 46 contains a singleimbalanced mass 32 driven by asingle motor 38. By positioning the two units 46 in close proximity, the functionality ofCFG 20 is achieved.FIGS. 6 and 7 show additional embodiments ofCFG 20. In these figures, only one of two units 46 comprisingCFG 20 is shown. The same basic elements previously described are identified in the embodiments shown inFIGS. 6 and 7 . Two units 46 may be applied to a mechanical device in proximity to one another to enableCFG 20. For example, two units 46 may be applied coaxially on either side of mounting plate to enableCFG 20 as illustrated inFIG. 9 . In another example illustrated inFIG. 10 , two units 46 are mounted non-coaxially side-by-side to enableCFG 20. - Other embodiments of the current invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a consideration of this specification or practice of the invention disclosed herein. Thus, the foregoing specification is considered merely exemplary of the current invention with the true scope thereof being defined by the following claims.
Claims (41)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/438,269 US20150340981A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-23 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261719084P | 2012-10-26 | 2012-10-26 | |
US14/438,269 US20150340981A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-23 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
PCT/US2013/066500 WO2014066573A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-24 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/066500 A-371-Of-International WO2014066573A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-24 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/288,647 Continuation US10666181B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2019-02-28 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150340981A1 true US20150340981A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
Family
ID=49515575
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/438,269 Abandoned US20150340981A1 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-23 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
US16/288,647 Active US10666181B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2019-02-28 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16/288,647 Active US10666181B2 (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2019-02-28 | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20150340981A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2912335B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112015009457A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2889076C (en) |
MX (1) | MX365557B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014066573A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160341629A1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2016-11-24 | Schenck Process Gmbh | Vibrating machine |
US20160349143A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-01 | Peter S. Aronstam | Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses For a Vibratory Source |
US20180043396A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2018-02-15 | Metso France Sas | A vibratory system comprising shaft lines, and a corresponding machine and method |
DE102017009373B3 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2019-05-16 | Schenck Process Europe Gmbh | Mobile device for detecting the state and operating parameters of vibrating machines, equipped vibrating machine and method for detecting the operating and state parameters of vibrating machines |
US20190255571A1 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-22 | Derrick Corporation | Eccentric vibrator systems and methods |
CN113124052A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-16 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Method for controlling unbalance vibration of electromagnetic bearing-rotor system and electronic equipment |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2546036A (en) | 2014-10-08 | 2017-07-05 | M-I L L C | Drill cuttings circular separator |
EP3867547A1 (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-08-25 | Lord Corporation | Automotive active vibration control using circular force generators |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4950966A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1990-08-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Adaptive vibration canceller |
US4999534A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-03-12 | Contraves Goerz Corporation | Active vibration reduction in apparatus with cross-coupling between control axes |
US6229898B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2001-05-08 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Active vibration control system using on-line system identification with enhanced noise reduction |
US7182691B1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2007-02-27 | Immersion Corporation | Directional inertial tactile feedback using rotating masses |
US20100034655A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2010-02-11 | Jolly Mark R | Helicopter hub mounted vibration control and circular force generation systems for canceling vibrations |
US20100217543A1 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2010-08-26 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Generating a vibration profile for a rotating cooling device in a computer system |
US20120232780A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2012-09-13 | Coactive Drive Corporation | Asymmetric and general vibration waveforms from multiple synchronized vibration actuators |
US8267652B2 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2012-09-18 | Lord Corporation | Helicopter hub mounted vibration control and circular force generation systems for canceling vibrations |
US20160144404A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2016-05-26 | Coactive Drive Corporation | Synchronized array of vibration actuators in an integrated module |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3504793A (en) | 1967-08-04 | 1970-04-07 | Separator Eng Ltd | Vibratory separator construction |
US3485363A (en) | 1968-04-08 | 1969-12-23 | Sweco Inc | Plural deck center discharge separator |
US3899414A (en) | 1973-03-16 | 1975-08-12 | Sweco Inc | Drilling mud separation system |
US4875999A (en) | 1984-06-01 | 1989-10-24 | Mineral Recovery Corporation | Apparatus and method of classifying particles |
US5202824A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1993-04-13 | Mechanical Technology Incorporated | Rotating force generator for magnetic bearings |
US5226546A (en) | 1991-05-06 | 1993-07-13 | Sweco, Incorporated | Circular vibratory screen separator |
US6094601A (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2000-07-25 | Digisonix, Inc. | Adaptive control system with efficiently constrained adaptation |
JP3564974B2 (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 2004-09-15 | 東海ゴム工業株式会社 | Adaptive control method for periodic signals |
WO2000058031A2 (en) | 1999-03-28 | 2000-10-05 | Vibtec Engineering Ltd. | A vibratory separator and a method for sorting solids having a multifrequency vibratory systems |
WO2000058033A1 (en) | 1999-03-28 | 2000-10-05 | Vibtec Engineering Ltd. | A multifrequency vibratory separator system, a vibrator including same, and a method of vibratory separation of solids |
US6396408B2 (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2002-05-28 | Donnelly Corporation | Digital electrochromic circuit with a vehicle network |
US6513664B1 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2003-02-04 | M-I, L.L.C. | Vibrating screen separator |
DK2310619T3 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2014-05-12 | Mi Llc | Drill residue transfer system |
US9311425B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2016-04-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Rendering a page using a previously stored DOM associated with a different page |
US8485364B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2013-07-16 | Kroosh Technologies | Multifrequency sieve assembly for circular vibratory separator |
NO336178B1 (en) | 2011-03-17 | 2015-06-08 | Soiltech As | Method and apparatus for cleaning cuttings |
-
2013
- 2013-10-23 US US14/438,269 patent/US20150340981A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-10-24 CA CA2889076A patent/CA2889076C/en active Active
- 2013-10-24 WO PCT/US2013/066500 patent/WO2014066573A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-10-24 MX MX2015004923A patent/MX365557B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-10-24 EP EP13785802.3A patent/EP2912335B1/en active Active
- 2013-10-24 BR BR112015009457A patent/BR112015009457A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2019
- 2019-02-28 US US16/288,647 patent/US10666181B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4950966A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1990-08-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Adaptive vibration canceller |
US4999534A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-03-12 | Contraves Goerz Corporation | Active vibration reduction in apparatus with cross-coupling between control axes |
US6229898B1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2001-05-08 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Active vibration control system using on-line system identification with enhanced noise reduction |
US7182691B1 (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2007-02-27 | Immersion Corporation | Directional inertial tactile feedback using rotating masses |
US20100034655A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2010-02-11 | Jolly Mark R | Helicopter hub mounted vibration control and circular force generation systems for canceling vibrations |
US8267652B2 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2012-09-18 | Lord Corporation | Helicopter hub mounted vibration control and circular force generation systems for canceling vibrations |
US20120232780A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2012-09-13 | Coactive Drive Corporation | Asymmetric and general vibration waveforms from multiple synchronized vibration actuators |
US20160144404A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2016-05-26 | Coactive Drive Corporation | Synchronized array of vibration actuators in an integrated module |
US20100217543A1 (en) * | 2009-02-23 | 2010-08-26 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Generating a vibration profile for a rotating cooling device in a computer system |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160341629A1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2016-11-24 | Schenck Process Gmbh | Vibrating machine |
US20180043396A1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2018-02-15 | Metso France Sas | A vibratory system comprising shaft lines, and a corresponding machine and method |
US10569304B2 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2020-02-25 | Metso Minerals, Inc. | Vibratory system comprising shaft lines, and a corresponding machine and method |
US20160349143A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-01 | Peter S. Aronstam | Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses For a Vibratory Source |
DE102017009373B3 (en) | 2017-10-10 | 2019-05-16 | Schenck Process Europe Gmbh | Mobile device for detecting the state and operating parameters of vibrating machines, equipped vibrating machine and method for detecting the operating and state parameters of vibrating machines |
US20190255571A1 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-22 | Derrick Corporation | Eccentric vibrator systems and methods |
CN112004615A (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2020-11-27 | 德里克公司 | Eccentric vibrator system and method |
AU2019221860B2 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-04-22 | Derrick Corporation | Eccentric vibrator systems and methods |
US11052426B2 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-07-06 | Derrick Corporation | Eccentric vibrator systems and methods |
TWI769367B (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2022-07-01 | 美商德瑞克公司 | Eccentric vibrator systems and methods |
US11478823B2 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2022-10-25 | Derrick Corporation | Eccentric vibrator systems and methods |
CN113124052A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-16 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Method for controlling unbalance vibration of electromagnetic bearing-rotor system and electronic equipment |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2889076A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
EP2912335B1 (en) | 2020-06-03 |
WO2014066573A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
MX2015004923A (en) | 2015-10-20 |
US20190199262A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
CA2889076C (en) | 2021-01-05 |
EP2912335A1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
BR112015009457A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
MX365557B (en) | 2019-06-07 |
US10666181B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10666181B2 (en) | Mechanical devices and method of creating prescribed vibration | |
KR101638078B1 (en) | Helicopter vibration control system and rotating assembly rotary forces generators for canceling vibrations | |
CN100469653C (en) | Device to control a vibrator having unbalanced rotors | |
EP2339206B1 (en) | Vehicular vibration control system | |
KR102241339B1 (en) | Hub-based active vibration control systems, devices, and methods with offset imbalanced rotors | |
Fradkov et al. | Control of phase shift in two-rotor vibration units | |
KR101663956B1 (en) | Helicopter vibration control system and circular force generation system for canceling vibrations | |
US11555528B2 (en) | Variable rotary mass vibration suppression system | |
CN102056798B (en) | Helicopter hub mounted vibration control and circular force generation systems for canceling vibrations | |
Boikov et al. | Experimental study of unbalanced rotors synchronization of the mechatronic vibration setup | |
US20160009386A1 (en) | Low moment force generator devices and methods | |
Eremeikin et al. | Experimental analysis of the operability of a system to control the oscillations of a mechanical system with self-synchronizing vibration exciters | |
US20110255967A1 (en) | Active force generation/isolation system employing magneto rheological fluid (mrf) | |
EP2944568B1 (en) | Helicopter hub mounted vibration control and circular force generation systems for canceling vibrations | |
KR101202679B1 (en) | Drive method of a control system to reduce ship vibration | |
CN102410240A (en) | Dynamic balance method of magnetic molecular pump |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LORD CORPORATION, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:M-I L.L.C.;REEL/FRAME:035230/0658 Effective date: 20150309 Owner name: LORD CORPORATION, NORTH CAROLINA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JOLLY, MARK R.;ALTIERI, RUSSELL E.;BADRE-ALAM, ASKARI;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20150304 TO 20150311;REEL/FRAME:035230/0269 Owner name: M-I L.L.C., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JONES, BRADLEY;CARR, BRIAN;HOLTON, BENJAMIN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20150227 TO 20150304;REEL/FRAME:035230/0368 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE AFTER FINAL ACTION FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |