US20150308199A1 - Rock bit tip and rock bit - Google Patents
Rock bit tip and rock bit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150308199A1 US20150308199A1 US14/649,589 US201314649589A US2015308199A1 US 20150308199 A1 US20150308199 A1 US 20150308199A1 US 201314649589 A US201314649589 A US 201314649589A US 2015308199 A1 US2015308199 A1 US 2015308199A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tip
- mounting portion
- recess
- set forth
- tips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/16—Roller bits characterised by tooth form or arrangement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
- E21B10/5735—Interface between the substrate and the cutting element
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
- E21B10/567—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts
- E21B10/573—Button-type inserts with preformed cutting elements mounted on a distinct support, e.g. polycrystalline inserts characterised by support details, e.g. the substrate construction or the interface between the substrate and the cutting element
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
-
- E21C2035/1806—
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C35/00—Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00
- E21C35/18—Mining picks; Holders therefor
- E21C35/183—Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material
- E21C35/1831—Fixing methods or devices
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to tips in rock or mining bits for use in a rock excavation apparatus.
- the disclosure particularly relates to tips with hollow bases.
- Rotary drilling is conducted by rotating a rigid string of tubular rods to which a rock-cutting bit is attached.
- the rotary drill imparts two basic actions through the drill rod and bit into the rock, i.e. axial thrust and rotational torque.
- Percussive drills break rock predominantly by crushing and chipping rock with the repeated application of high-frequency, high-energy blows through a drill bit.
- the impact energy is developed by a piston that strikes the bit (down-the-hole drill) or drill steel (surface-mounted drill).
- tips are often made of cemented carbide, most commonly tungsten carbide, due to its excellent combination of high hardness and high toughness.
- the tips can also be made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD).
- PCD polycrystalline diamond
- the purpose of the tips is mainly to apply pressure to and fracture rock.
- tips are also positioned on the drill bit body as protection for the surrounding steel. The tips must therefore withstand high compressive and transverse loads.
- the tungsten carbide tips are commonly mounted in cylindrical recesses in the outer surface of the drill bit body.
- the tips can be made a few hundredths of a mm larger than the recess and are pressed in to have a tight interference fit to prevent loosening during usage.
- Tungsten carbide tips are also used for soft cutting conditions such as excavation of coal.
- the tips are, in this application, often named caps and are often adhesively bonded to a pick body by, for example, brazing or welding.
- tungsten carbide tips such as a part-spherical, conical, a double cone, a ballistic and a chisel crest. Common for these different shapes is that the base, also called mounting portion, of the tip is generally cylindrical.
- tips having a diameter of about 2 cm or larger In many applications it is advantageous to use tips having a diameter of about 2 cm or larger.
- the advantages being that fewer tips need to be used and also that the protrusion of the tip from the surface of the bit body can be greater while maintaining adequate strength to avoid transverse failure during the excavation operation. Having large tips concentrates the load to fewer tips and greater rock penetration can be obtained without engagement of the steel surface, resulting in improved excavation rate. Having large tips that extend a greater distance from the bit also increases the lifetime of the bit as the large tips can accommodate appreciable wear before they are worn out.
- the present inventor has surprisingly found that several prominent problems occur at tips with hollow bases.
- One is that the base of the tip tends to get oval in shape.
- Another problem is that the form of the tip tends to get conical, i.e. the diameter of the mounting portion decreases when approaching the very bottom of the tip. Ovality and conicity in the mounting portion decreases the force for pulling the tip from the drill bit body and therefore loosening of the tip is an unfavorable consequence.
- the mounting portion may crack when a tip is press fitted into a recess in the drill bit body.
- One object of the present invention is to provide a hollow tip concept, which has better strength than known hollow tips. Another object is to provide a hollow tip concept which can be produced at a lower cost compared to solid tips, thus solving the above mentioned problems.
- a rock bit tip comprising: a mounting portion, an end portion converging from a top end of the mounting portion to form a work surface and at least one recess in a bottom of the mounting portion, the recess extending towards said end portion, wherein there are more than one recess.
- a rock bit comprising a tip with more than one recess.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a conventional tip or button, in a side view, suitable for excavation of rock
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a tool for rotary drilling, in a side view
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a tool for percussive drilling, in a perspective view from above
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a mining pick in a side view
- FIG. 5 a schematically illustrates a first embodiment of a tip according to the invention in a perspective view from below
- FIG. 5 b schematically illustrates a first embodiment of the tip according to the invention in an axial cross-sectional view through the tip centre axis A
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a second embodiment of a tip according to the invention in a perspective view from below
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a third embodiment of a tip according to the invention in a perspective view from below
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a fourth embodiment of a tip according to the invention in a perspective view from below
- FIG. 9 a schematically illustrates a fifth embodiment of a tip according to the invention in a perspective view from below
- FIG. 9 b schematically illustrates the tip according to FIG. 9 a in a side view
- FIG. 9 c schematically illustrates the tip according to the line IX C-IX C in FIG. 9 b .
- FIG. 9 d schematically illustrates the tip according to the line IX D-IX D in FIG. 9 b.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a tip 10 suitable for rock excavation.
- the tip comprises an end portion 11 having a top 13 .
- the end portion is intended to project from a front surface of a bit to form a work surface that is in contact with the rock.
- the tip also comprises a mounting portion 12 extending from the end portion 11 towards a bottom end 14 .
- the mounting portion of the tip is intended to be positioned in a recess in a drill bit body and assures that the tip is securely fixed to the bit body. If the tip 10 is comprised in a mining pick, the bottom end 14 may be secured to the bit, for example, by means of brazing or welding.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a rock bit for rotary drilling 20 .
- the bit comprises a thread 24 whereby the rotary bit 20 is to be connected to a drill string.
- the bit further comprises legs 25 with roller cones 21 attached at one end. Tips, of the type herein described, can be used as protective tips 23 on the legs 25 and/or as active tips 22 on the roller cones 21 .
- the term “protective” means that the main purpose of the tip 23 is to protect the steel in the drill bit from being too heavily worn.
- active means that the main purpose of the tip 22 is to apply pressure to and fracture rock. The technology is more closely described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,446,739.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a percussive rock drill bit 30 that comprises a drill bit head 31 and a shank 32 .
- the drill bit head 31 may comprise tips, of the type described below, such as peripheral tips 33 and/or front tips 34 .
- the technology is more closely described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,296,641.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a mining pick 40 used in operations such as cutting soft minerals such as, for example, coal.
- the mining pick 40 includes a body 41 having a head 42 and a shank 43 .
- the tip 44 is made according to the invention and is the part that actively cuts minerals. It is made of a hard material such as cemented carbide, diamond, SiC-D or combinations thereof. The technology is more closely described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,210,618.
- FIGS. 5 a and 5 b illustrate a first embodiment of the invention.
- the tip 110 has a mounting portion 112 .
- Four identical open recesses 115 extend axially from the bottom end 114 of the mounting portion 112 .
- the open recesses 115 have cross sections at the bottom end 114 that can be substantially like circle sectors with rounded corners for avoiding stress concentrations.
- the recesses 115 are spaced apart by a support structure 116 .
- At least one open recess 115 has its geometric centre axis B separate from the longitudinal tip centre axis A.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention.
- the tip 120 has a mounting portion 122 .
- Three identical open recesses 125 extend axially from the bottom end 124 of the mounting portion 122 .
- the open recesses 125 may have cross sections at the bottom end 124 that are substantially like truncated circle rings.
- the recesses 125 are spaced apart by a support structure 126 .
- At least one open recess 125 has its geometric centre axis B separate from the longitudinal tip centre axis A.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a third embodiment of the invention.
- the tip 130 has a mounting portion 132 .
- Seven identical open recesses 135 extend axially from the bottom end 134 of the mounting portion 132 .
- the open recesses 135 have cross sections at the bottom end 134 that are substantially hexagonal.
- the recesses 135 are spaced apart by a support structure 136 .
- At least one open recess 135 has its geometric centre axis B separate from the longitudinal tip centre axis A.
- a central open recess 135 has its geometric centre axis B substantially coinciding with the longitudinal tip centre axis A.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention.
- the tip 140 has a mounting portion 142 .
- Six open recesses 145 extend axially from the bottom end 144 of the mounting portion 142 .
- the open recesses 145 have cross sections at the bottom end 134 that are substantially circular.
- the recesses 145 are spaced apart by a support structure 146 .
- At least one open recess 145 has its geometric centre axis B separate from the longitudinal tip centre axis A.
- FIGS. 9 a - 9 d illustrate a fifth embodiment of the invention.
- the tip 150 has a mounting portion 152 .
- One open recess 155 extends axially from the bottom end 154 of the mounting portion 152 . Between the bottom end 154 and the end portion, the open recess 155 is split into three identical separate recesses 157 .
- the recesses 157 are spaced apart by a support structure 156 .
- At least one of the recesses 157 has at least one cross section (IX D-IX D), parallel to the bottom of the mounting portion, between the bottom of the mounting portion and the end portion, which has its geometric centre axis B separate from the longitudinal tip centre axis A, FIG. 9 d.
- the number of recesses, and their sizes, may be altered compared to the examples described in the above-captioned embodiments. It is also possible to combine recesses with different sizes and shapes into a new embodiment. The depth of the recesses can also be varied, but the recesses are always of the blind hole type.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12195889.6 | 2012-12-06 | ||
EP12195889.6A EP2740884B1 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2012-12-06 | Rock bit tip and rock bit |
PCT/EP2013/074734 WO2014086620A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-26 | Rock bit tip and rock bit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150308199A1 true US20150308199A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
Family
ID=47294777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/649,589 Abandoned US20150308199A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 | 2013-11-26 | Rock bit tip and rock bit |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150308199A1 (pt) |
EP (1) | EP2740884B1 (pt) |
CN (1) | CN104854299A (pt) |
AU (1) | AU2013354372A1 (pt) |
BR (1) | BR112015013113A2 (pt) |
CA (1) | CA2888912A1 (pt) |
CL (1) | CL2015001560A1 (pt) |
MX (1) | MX2015006959A (pt) |
PE (1) | PE20151099A1 (pt) |
RU (1) | RU2015126798A (pt) |
WO (1) | WO2014086620A1 (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA201503945B (pt) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190178080A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2019-06-13 | The Sollami Company | Diamond insert with heat transfer bore |
US10364610B2 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-07-30 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Durable rock bit for blast hole drilling |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108687353B (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-06-18 | 深圳市海明润超硬材料股份有限公司 | 一种金刚石复合片及制备方法 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3388757A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1968-06-18 | Smith Ind International Inc | Hardened inserts for drill bits |
US4654947A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-04-07 | W. Wesley Perry | Drill bit and method of renewing drill bit cutting face |
US20050146199A1 (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2005-07-07 | Wen-Chin Lee | Rotatable cutting tool for breaking hard material |
US20090200855A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-08-13 | Hall David R | Manually Rotatable Tool |
US20090200857A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-08-13 | Hall David R | Manually Rotatable Tool |
US20090273225A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-05 | Hall David R | Resilient Pick Shank |
US8413746B2 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2013-04-09 | Smith International, Inc. | Rolling cutter |
US8701799B2 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2014-04-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit cutter pocket restitution |
US8727043B2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2014-05-20 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutter assemblies, downhole tools incorporating such cutter assemblies and methods of making such downhole tools |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4150728A (en) | 1976-11-26 | 1979-04-24 | Smith International, Inc. | Rock drill bit inserts with hollow bases |
US4176725A (en) * | 1978-08-17 | 1979-12-04 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Earth boring cutting element enhanced retention system |
US4940288A (en) * | 1988-07-20 | 1990-07-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Earth engaging cutter bit |
US4893875A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-01-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | Ground engaging bit having a hardened tip |
US5374111A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1994-12-20 | Kennametal Inc. | Extraction undercut for flanged bits |
CA2314114C (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2007-04-10 | Smith International, Inc. | Improved rock drill bit with neck protection |
SE530135C2 (sv) | 2004-09-21 | 2008-03-11 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Bergborrkrona anpassad för slående borrning |
US8210618B2 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2012-07-03 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Reduced volume cutting tip and cutter bit assembly incorporating same |
-
2012
- 2012-12-06 EP EP12195889.6A patent/EP2740884B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2013
- 2013-11-26 PE PE2015000737A patent/PE20151099A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-26 MX MX2015006959A patent/MX2015006959A/es unknown
- 2013-11-26 CN CN201380059999.0A patent/CN104854299A/zh active Pending
- 2013-11-26 BR BR112015013113A patent/BR112015013113A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-11-26 CA CA2888912A patent/CA2888912A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-26 US US14/649,589 patent/US20150308199A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-26 WO PCT/EP2013/074734 patent/WO2014086620A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-11-26 RU RU2015126798A patent/RU2015126798A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-26 AU AU2013354372A patent/AU2013354372A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2015
- 2015-06-02 ZA ZA2015/03945A patent/ZA201503945B/en unknown
- 2015-06-05 CL CL2015001560A patent/CL2015001560A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3388757A (en) * | 1967-03-23 | 1968-06-18 | Smith Ind International Inc | Hardened inserts for drill bits |
US4654947A (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-04-07 | W. Wesley Perry | Drill bit and method of renewing drill bit cutting face |
US20050146199A1 (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2005-07-07 | Wen-Chin Lee | Rotatable cutting tool for breaking hard material |
US8413746B2 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2013-04-09 | Smith International, Inc. | Rolling cutter |
US20090200855A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-08-13 | Hall David R | Manually Rotatable Tool |
US20090200857A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-08-13 | Hall David R | Manually Rotatable Tool |
US20090273225A1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-11-05 | Hall David R | Resilient Pick Shank |
US8701799B2 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2014-04-22 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Drill bit cutter pocket restitution |
US8727043B2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2014-05-20 | Smith International, Inc. | Cutter assemblies, downhole tools incorporating such cutter assemblies and methods of making such downhole tools |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190178080A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2019-06-13 | The Sollami Company | Diamond insert with heat transfer bore |
US10364610B2 (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-07-30 | Varel International Ind., L.P. | Durable rock bit for blast hole drilling |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CL2015001560A1 (es) | 2015-08-28 |
BR112015013113A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
CA2888912A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
RU2015126798A (ru) | 2017-01-13 |
EP2740884A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
EP2740884B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
AU2013354372A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
CN104854299A (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
WO2014086620A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
ZA201503945B (en) | 2017-11-29 |
MX2015006959A (es) | 2015-09-08 |
PE20151099A1 (es) | 2015-08-06 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FINNMAN, KARL-OSKAR;REEL/FRAME:036387/0558 Effective date: 20150609 Owner name: SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JOHNSSON, LARS;PILEMALM, ROBERT;ROGSTROM, LINA;SIGNING DATES FROM 20150819 TO 20150821;REEL/FRAME:036387/0795 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |