US20150292357A1

US20150292357A1 - Aircraft gas turbine having a core engine casing with cooling-air tubes

Info

Publication number: US20150292357A1
Application number: US14/559,527
Authority: US
Inventors: Predrag Todorovic
Original assignee: Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Current assignee: Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Priority date: 2013-12-05
Filing date: 2014-12-03
Publication date: 2015-10-15
Also published as: EP2881552A1; DE102013224982A1; US9657593B2; EP2881552B1

Abstract

An aircraft gas turbine having a core engine casing for a core engine, said core engine casing including at least a compressor area, a combustion chamber area and a turbine area, wherein the core engine casing is provided on its outer wall with several cooling-air tubes which are designed in one piece with said outer wall and extend in the axial direction relative to an engine axis.

Description

This invention relates to an aircraft gas turbine having a core engine casing with cooling-air tubes in accordance with the generic part of claim 1.
In particular, the invention relates to an aircraft gas turbine having a core engine casing for a core engine, said core engine casing being provided on its outside with cooling-air tubes in order to supply cooling air from the compressor to a combustion chamber area and/ or to a turbine area.
Modern turbofan gas turbines increasingly use smaller core engines which are operated at high or very high temperatures. This results in a smaller installation space radially outside the core engine casing for installing parts and components. This also applies to the supply of cooling air from the compressor area to the combustion chamber area or turbine area respectively, since the space available between the core engine casing and an inner wall of a bypass duct is very narrow.
The measures known from the state of the art, i.e. installing separate tubes in a classic arrangement, can therefore be ruled out. Examples for separate tube connections of this type are shown in U.S. 2005/0252194 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 3,641,766 or GB 2 377 973 A. Due to the small installation space, it is not possible either to provide annular ducts for the cooling air, as already known from U.S. 2011/0247344 A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,800 B1. Annular ducts in, such a small installation space are very loss-prone and not efficient, since the boundary conditions for the airflow radially outside and radially inside are unfavourable due to their proximity.
With the solutions known from the state of the art, in particular for the installation of separate tube systems, there is the further disadvantage that a large number of complex components is needed, which require a high production and assembly effort and are unfavourable in terms of thermal loading, in particular of the core engine casing. In addition, separate tube systems require additional measures (curvatures of tubes) to allow for thermal expansions or contractions.
The object underlying the present invention is to provide a core engine casing of an aircraft gas turbine, which, while being simply designed and easily and cost-effectively producible, avoids the disadvantages of the state of the art and ensures both, an optimized cooling air routing and optimized thermal operating conditions.
It is a particular object of the present invention to provide solution to the above problematics by the combination of the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention become apparent from the sub-claims.
In detail, it is thus provided in accordance with the invention that cooling-air tubes which extend substantially in the axial direction relative to the engine axis are provided on the outer wall of the core engine casing and in one piece with said outer wall.
The one-piece embodiment with the core engine casing means that very little installation space is needed, since the walls of the cooling-air tubes, which can have a circular or other cross-section as required, also act as the wall of the core engine casing. This results in a very compact design. The distances prevailing in the state of the art between the outer wall of the core engine casing and separate tubes are thus avoided. This also makes it easier to attach further components to the core engine casing, as the installation space thus available is not limited by tubing, In the state of the art, a minimum distance is always needed between the tubes and other structural elements. Alternatively, it is possible to further reduce the space between the outer wall of the core engine casing and the inner wall of the bypass duct. Furthermore, it is not necessary in accordance with the invention, to provide curvatures in tubes to allow for thermal expansions and contractions.
Due to direct mounting and integration of the cooling-air tubes into the outer wall of the core engine casing, cooling of the core engine casing by the cooling air conveyed by the cooling-air tubes is achieved at the same time.
The cooling-air tubes connected in one piece to the outer wall also result in additional stability and strength of the core engine casing, so that its wall can be designed with a thinner cross-section. In addition, vibrations are suppressed and there are also smaller thermal tip clearance fluctuations relative to blades arranged inside the core engine casing, for example in the turbine area.
Since the core engine casing is usually made by metal-cutting production methods, it is possible in a particularly simple way to design the cooling-air tubes, in respect of their outer contour, in one piece with the core engine casing. The cooling-air tubes can then be drilled or milled to provide them with the internal diameter required. If necessary, separate connecting fittings can be dispensed with, since openings can be provided directly into the cooling-air tubes from the inside of the outer wall of the core engine casing. Front-side openings of the cooling-air tubes can be closed by means of sealing plugs or similar,
In a particularly favourable embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the core engine casing is divided into individual areas, in particular the compressor area, combustion chamber area and turbine area, which are made separately and then put together. It is favourable here when the cooling-air tubes too are connected at the ends during assembly, This can if necessary be achieved with the insertion of seals or similar between them.
It is particularly favourable when the individual areas of the core engine casing are connected to one another by means of flanges. The cooling-air tubes can here extend through the flanges, so that the latter can also be tightly connected to one another in a correspondingly simple way, as this is achieved by sealing off the casing areas from one another.
Alternatively to production of the cooling-air tubes together with the respective areas of the core engine casing, it is also possible to produce the cooling-air tubes separately and then connect them by means of a suitable joining method, for example by welding, to the outer wall of the core engine casing.
Several cooling-air tubes are preferably spread aver the circumference, so that optimum conditions are achieved with regard to the cooling of the entire core engine casing and to the increase in the mechanical strength.
The cooling-air tubes provided in accordance with the invention can also extend over differing axial part-areas of the core engine casing, for example from the compressor area to the combustion chamber area or from the compressor area to the turbine area.

The present invention is described in the following in light of the accompanying drawing, showing an exemplary embodiment. In the drawing,

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a gas-turbine engine in accordance with the present invention,

FIG. 2 shows a perspective outside view of a core engine casing in accordance with the present invention,

FIGS. 3-5 show perspective partial views of he core engine casing illustrated in FIG. 2.

The gas-turbine engine 10 in accordance with FIG. 1 is a generally represented example of a turbomachine where the invention can be used. The engine 10 is of conventional design and includes in the flow direction, one behind the other, an air inlet 11, a fan 12 rotating inside a casing, an intermediate-pressure compressor 13, a high-pressure compressor 14, a combustion chamber 15. a high-pressure turbine 16, an intermediate-pressure turbine 7 and a low-pressure turbine 18 as well as an exhaust nozzle 19, all of which being arranged about a center engine axis 1.
The intermediate-pressure compressor 13 and the high-pressure compressor 14 each include several stages, of which each has an arrangement extending in the circumferential direction of fixed and stationary guide vanes 20, generally referred to as stator vanes and projecting radially inwards from the core engine casing 21 in an annular flow duct through the compressors 13, 14. The compressors furthermore have an arrangement of compressor rotor blades 22 which project radially outwards from a rotatable drum or disk 26 linked to hubs 27 of the high-pressure turbine 16 or the intermediate-pressure turbine 17, respectively.
The turbine sections 16, 17, 18 have similar stages, including an arrangement of fixed stator vanes 23 projecting radially inwards from the casing 21 into the annular flow duct through the turbines 16, 17, 18, and a subsequent arrangement of turbine rotor blades 24 projecting outwards from a rotatable hub 27. The compressor drum or compressor disk 26 and the blades 22 arranged thereon, as well as the turbine rotor hub 27 and the turbine rotor blades 24 arranged thereon rotate about the engine axis 1 during operation.
FIG. 2 shows a perspective representation of an exemplary embodiment of a core engine casing 21, which includes, in a simplified view, a compressor area 29, a combustion chamber area 30 and a turbine area 31. The individual areas 29, 30 and 31 are each connected by means of flanges 34. This is shown in detail in enlarged representation in FIGS. 3 to 5.
In FIGS. 3 and 5 in particular, it is shown that an outer wall 32 of the areas 29, 30, 31 of the core engine casing 21 is connected in one piece to cooling-air tubes 33. The cooling-air tubes 33 are thus integrated into the outer wall 32 and are in close contact with said outer wall 32. In the area of the flanges 34, suitable openings are provided for passing the cooling-air tubes 33 through said flanges 34.
As can be seen for example from FIG. 3, the outer wall 32 can be provided with a recess 35 for connecting the inner volume of the cooling-air tubes 33 to a suitable fitting or similar. Any free end areas of the cooling-air tubes 33 that occur can be closed by means of sealing elements 36 (see FIG. 4), not shown in detail. Angled cooling-air tubes 33 can be made by drilling from both sides (front and rear).
The figures furthermore show marginal webs 37, which can result from the one-piece production of the cooling-air tubes 33 and which serve to increase mechanical strength. The cooling-air tubes 33 can, as mentioned, be drilled or milled after the outer contour of the core engine casing 21 has been produced, for example using metal-cutting production methods.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

1 Engine Axis
10 Gas-turbine engine/core engine
11 Air inlet
12 Fan
13 Intermediate-pressure compressor (compressor)
14 High-pressure compressor
15 Combustion chamber
16 High-pressure turbine
17 Intermediate-pressure turbine
18 Low-pressure turbine
19 Exhaust nozzle
20 Guide vanes
21 Core engine casing
22 Compressor rotor blades
23 Stator vanes
24 Turbine rotor blades
25 —
26 Compressor drum or disk
27 Turbine rotor hub
28 Exhaust cone
29 Compressor area
30 Combustion chamber area
31 Turbine area
32 Outer wall
33 Cooling-air tube
34 Range
35 Recess
36 Sealing element
37 Marginal web

Claims

1. An aircraft gas turbine having a core engine casing for a core engine, said core engine casing including at least a compressor area, a combustion chamber area and a turbine area, wherein the core engine casing is provided on its outer wall with several cooling-air tubes which are designed in one piece with said outer wall and extend in the axial direction relative to an engine axis.

2. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the core engine casing has individual areas, which are made as separate components and put together.

3. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 2, wherein the individual areas are connected to one another by means of flanges and that the cooling-air tubes extend through the flanges.

4. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cooling-air tubes are manufactured together with the respective areas of the core engine casing.

5. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 4, wherein the cooling-air tubes are manufactured and finished using drilling the milling methods.

6. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cooling-air tubes are premanufactured as separate tubes and connected in one piece to the core engine casing by means of joining methods.

7. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 1, wherein several cooling-air tubes are provided, spread over the circumference.

8. The aircraft gas turbine in accordance with claim 7, wherein the several cooling-air tubes extend over differing axial part-areas of the core engine casing.