US20150159439A1 - Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method - Google Patents
Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150159439A1 US20150159439A1 US14/623,092 US201514623092A US2015159439A1 US 20150159439 A1 US20150159439 A1 US 20150159439A1 US 201514623092 A US201514623092 A US 201514623092A US 2015159439 A1 US2015159439 A1 US 2015159439A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bit
- core
- cavity
- front face
- blades
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/02—Core bits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/48—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type
- E21B10/485—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of core type with inserts in form of chisels, blades or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/005—Above ground means for handling the core, e.g. for extracting the core from the core barrel
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/10—Formed core retaining or severing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bit for drilling wells, and in particular cylindrical wells of great depth such as mine shafts, oil or gas wells.
- the present invention also relates to a method for drilling wells using the bit.
- the bit is a drilling tool intended to be installed at the end of a drill pipe string for drilling wells into a reservoir.
- reservoir is meant rock which is sufficiently porous and permeable to be able to contain fluids (water, oil, gas). These fluids can optionally accumulate to form a deposit.
- a drill pipe string is supported by a metal derrick and is rotated by a rotary table.
- the drilling mud, a specific mixture of clay, water and chemical products is continuously injected into the inside of the drill pipes then emerges via the bit and returns to the surface via annular space contained between the drill pipes and the walls of the well.
- the circulation of the drilling mud cools the bit and allows the cuttings to be evacuated.
- the drilling mud is filtered and reinjected. Analysis of the cuttings provides invaluable information on the nature and composition of the rocks cut through.
- a bit is known from document U.S. Pat. No. 2,931,630 comprising an array in the surface of which a plurality of diamonds is mounted.
- This bit comprises moreover a cavity for receiving a core, the core being periodically broken off and evacuated by moving towards the outside and above the bit.
- the array in which the plurality of diamonds is mounted makes it possible to drill through hard and very hard rocks.
- the bit encounters soft rock, the spaces situated between the diamonds become clogged and the tool can no longer drill.
- different types of geological formations are passed through by the bit and it is highly probable that soft rock will be encountered. This type of tool is therefore not suitable for drilling wells of great depth.
- Bits provided with a chamber for crushing the core formed are known from the documents FR-A-2 141 510 and FR-A-2 197 325. However, if the bit encounters soft rock, the crushing chamber becomes clogged. The bit provided with a crushing chamber must then be brought out so that the bit can be cleaned, which leads to a significant loss of time.
- a bit is also known, provided with a means or a device suitable for destroying the core in a progressive or continuous fashion or periodically, this means or this device being situated in the central zone of the body of the bit.
- the means for destroying the core is the side wall of the central zone of the body of the bit. The core is then broken periodically under the effect of transmitted mechanical vibrations. However, if the bit encounters soft rock, the central zone of the bit becomes clogged. It must then be brought out to be cleaned, which leads to a considerable loss of time.
- the purpose of the invention is therefore to propose a bit which makes it possible to rapidly drill wells of great depth in all types of rocks without the risk of clogging.
- a bit for drilling wells comprising:
- the cavity is delimited by two lateral surfaces and a clearance surface, the clearance surface being set back with respect to the front face.
- the clearance surface is suitable for evacuating the core simultaneously towards the periphery and towards the rear of the bit.
- the bit further comprises a device for breaking up the core.
- the breaking device is situated in the cavity close to the centre of the bit.
- the breaking device is a tip made of an abrasion-resistant material.
- the tip is inclined with respect to the axis of the bit.
- the dimensions of the cavity are suitable for forming cylindrical cores the length of which is equal to at least twice their diameter.
- the bit further comprises drilling mud feed channels, each of the channels opening onto the front face.
- one of the channels opens into the cavity and is suitable for facilitating the evacuation of the core towards the periphery of the bit.
- the bit further comprises an element for radially cutting the core.
- Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method for drilling wells using the bit described above, comprising the steps consisting of forming a core at the centre of the bit; evacuating the core up through the drilling well to the ground surface; recovering the core.
- the drilling method further comprises a step of analyzing the petrophysical properties of the core.
- FIG. 1 a perspective view of a bit (PDC tool) according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a longitudinal cross-section view of a bit (impregnated tool) according to the invention
- FIG. 3 a front view of a bit (PDC tool) according to the invention
- FIG. 4 a side view of a cutting element
- FIG. 5 a longitudinal cross-section view of the front face of the bit.
- a bit according to the invention comprises a front face.
- the bit also comprises a plurality of radial blades provided with cutting elements, the blades being distributed around the front face.
- the blades, provided with cutting elements make it possible to drill, by shearing, in all types of rocks, thus avoiding clogging of the blades.
- a space situated at the centre of the front face allows the formation of a core at the centre of the bit.
- the formation of a core at the centre of the bit makes rapid drilling possible.
- a cavity situated between two adjacent blades of the bit allows the core to be evacuated towards the periphery of the bit. Thus, the evacuation of the core prevents any clogging inside the bit.
- the bit according to the invention therefore allows the rapid drilling of wells of great depth in all types of rocks without the risk of clogging.
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a bit according to the invention.
- the bit comprises a body 12 having a rotational symmetry about an axis 13 .
- the bit is suitable for mounting on a drill pipe string and being rotationally driven by different types of motor, on the surface or bottom, for example a motor with a spiral shaft (for example of Moineau type) or a turbine.
- the front of the bit is defined as the part of the bit which is orientated towards the bottom of the well and the rear of the bit as the part of the bit which is orientated towards the outside of the well, i.e. in the case of vertical drilling, the earth's surface.
- the inside of the bit is defined as the part of the bit situated close to the axis 13 and the outside of the bit as the part of the bit situated close to the periphery of the bit.
- the body 12 of the bit comprises a front face 1 , which is preferably rounded so as to facilitate the penetration of the bit into the rocks as well as to provide the tool with satisfactory stability.
- the front face 1 is provided with a plurality of blades 2 , for example 4, 6 or 8 blades, or even many more, for example 36. The harder the rocks to be drilled, the higher the number of blades.
- the blades 2 are arranged in a substantially radial fashion, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3 .
- the blades extend along the outside wall of the body 12 .
- the blades 2 project with respect to the front face 1 and to the outside wall of the body 12 .
- Each blade 2 comprises a plurality of cutting elements 3 arranged alongside each other along the blade.
- the cutting element of a blade which is closest to the centre of the tool is called the inside cutting element of a blade.
- the cutting element of a blade which is closest to the periphery of the tool is called the outside cutting element.
- Each cutting element 3 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the cutting elements 3 are mounted in the blades 2 .
- Each cutting element 3 is composed of material based on various metals including, for example, tungsten carbide (WC).
- WC tungsten carbide
- the metal-based material with or without tungsten carbide, is impregnated with synthetic diamond, or even natural diamond, grains of varying sizes, ranging for example from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
- a tool provided with cutting elements according to this first embodiment is called an “impregnated tool”.
- a layer of polycrystalline diamond compact, PDC, 32 is situated on the face of a stud 31 made of case-hardened tungsten carbide.
- This layer of PDC comprises a small quantity of metal so as to ensure its shock-resistance.
- a tool provided with cutting elements according to this second embodiment is called a “PDC tool”.
- the cutting elements of the impregnated tools and PDC tools are very hard and thus make it possible to drill rocks of variable hardness and in particular very hard rocks.
- the cutting elements are suitable for breaking rocks by shearing, which also makes them suitable for drilling in soft rocks.
- the body 12 and the blades 2 of the bit are for example made of steel or infiltrated WC. They are preferably made of steel as this material is more resistant than infiltrated WC. Steel therefore allows more varied geometries of the bit, making it easier to adapt to the ground to be drilled.
- the blades 2 are arranged on an external annular crown of the front face 1 .
- a space 4 is thus situated approximately at the centre of the front face 1 .
- This space 4 is situated approximately at the intersection of the planes of the blades. This space is delimited by the inside cutting elements of each blade.
- the bit comprises an evacuation cavity 5 situated between two adjacent blades 2 .
- This evacuation cavity 5 is suitable for evacuating the core towards the periphery of the tool.
- the evacuation cavity 5 is delimited by two lateral surfaces 6 and a clearance surface 7 .
- the lateral surfaces are substantially parallel, even merged, with the lateral surfaces of the two blades adjacent to the cavity.
- the angle between the adjacent blades, between which the cavity is formed is for example comprised between 45° and 90°. This angle is a function of the diameter of the tool and that of the core formed.
- the clearance surface 7 is set back with respect to the front face 1 .
- the clearance surface can be seen particularly well in FIG. 2 .
- the clearance surface 7 extends from the space 4 to the periphery of the bit.
- the base of the space 4 is situated in the cavity 5 .
- the clearance surface 7 rises towards the rear of the bit, and extends along the tool guard.
- the clearance surface 7 allows the core 10 to be guided simultaneously towards the periphery of the bit (which is facilitated by centrifugal force) and towards the rear of the bit (which is facilitated by the forward movement of the tool and by the drilling mud) in order to evacuate it into the well.
- the bit comprises a breaking device 11 , suitable for causing the core to break by shearing.
- the breaking device 11 is situated on the clearance surface 7 of the cavity 5 , close to the centre of the bit.
- the breaking device 11 is for example fixed onto this clearance surface 7 , for example by crimping.
- the breaking device 11 can therefore be any device which is capable of producing such a lateral pressure.
- the breaking of the core occurs when the core attains a length which is determined by the depth of the space 4 (namely the distance between the front of the blades 2 and the evacuation cavity 5 at the centre of the bit) and the positioning of the breaking device 11 with respect to the axis 13 of the bit.
- the breaking device is for example made of an abrasion-resistant material, for example a metal-based material, with or without tungsten carbide, diamond impregnated, or of PDC, or also of ceramic or of a carbide-based material.
- the breaking device 11 is for example in the form of a tip.
- the tip is arranged according to an axis which is inclined with respect to the axis 13 of the bit, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 2 .
- the angle between the plane of the tip and the axis of the bit is for example comprised between 10° and 15°.
- the dimensions of the core 10 are limited by the geometry of the bit, and in particular by the geometry of the space 4 and the cavity 5 .
- the bit comprises channels 8 , 9 , which can be seen in particular in FIG. 3 , which are suitable for conveying drilling mud, the drilling mud making it possible to cool the bit down and to raise the rock cuttings up through the well to the earth's surface.
- the drilling mud also makes it possible to raise the cores formed in the bit up to the earth's surface.
- the pressures and temperatures at the bottom of wells are such that it is impossible to carry out standard characterizations such as standard loggings or corings.
- the electronics used for loggings is not resistant to high pressures (7800 bar or more) and high temperatures (150° C. or more).
- the standard coring is very restricting as it assumes that the core obtained is raised to the surface every 10 to 40 m of drilling.
- the cores formed by the bit according to the invention are particularly useful to be able to continuously raise to the surface the cores formed by the bit according to the invention in order to be able to carry out the characterizations of the wells at the surface. It is also advantageous for the cores to be of a length which is sufficiently great to be able to extract a maximum amount of information on the geological structure of the well.
- the dimensions of the evacuation cavity 5 must therefore be at least equal to the greatest dimension of the core, i.e. its length.
- the cores obtained by the bit according to the invention have a length of the order of 10 to 100 mm.
- the bit comprises a higher number of blades than in the case where the rocks to be drilled are softer.
- the outside diameter of the bit is for example 21.59 cm (8.5′′) for a bit with 8 blades, 15.24 cm (6′′) for a bit with 6 blades and 66.04 cm (26′′) for a tool with 36 blades.
- the maximum diameter that can be envisaged for a core is approximately equal to one-third of the outside diameter of the bit. In order to be able to exploit the cores satisfactorily, it is desirable for the diameter of the core to be at minimum equal to 5 mm.
- the presence of a core at the centre of the bit has a stabilizing effect on the bit.
- the cylindrical shape of the core makes it possible to provide a directional reference, the axis of the core corresponding to the axis of the well drilled.
- the core 10 is sheared by the breaking device 11 of the bit, then evacuated in cavity 5 towards the periphery of the bit then raised up through the well to the earth's surface with the drilling mud.
- the bit comprises for example a number of channels 8 , 9 supplying drilling mud, equal to the number of blades.
- the channels 8 , 9 open out onto the front face 1 of the bit.
- One of the channels 9 opens into the cavity 5 close to the centre of the bit and the breaking device 11 .
- This channel 9 facilitates the evacuation of the core in the cavity along the clearance surface 7 towards the periphery of the bit. During its evacuation via the cavity, the core is thus steeped in the drilling mud. This reduces the risk of the core knocking against the lateral walls 6 or the clearance surface of the cavity is reduced. The core is therefore less likely to break up.
- the orifices of the other channels 8 are arranged substantially around an axial crown, as can be seen in particular in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 represents a longitudinal cross-section view of the front face of the bit.
- FIG. 5 shows the cutting elements 3 mounted on a blade. Inside the bit, along the axis 13 , a core 10 is represented in the process of being created in the space 4 . According to FIG. 5 , the dimensions of the space 4 are increased. This allows higher drilling speeds to be achieved.
- the bit comprises a component 14 for radially cutting the core.
- the component 14 can be situated at the centre of the bit.
- the component can be arranged laterally with respect to the space 4 . This component is presented, for example, according to the cutting element 3 described above.
- the component 14 is for example mounted in the bit, the rotation of the bit making it possible to reduce the diameter of the core by cutting the core with the component 14 .
- the reduction in the diameter of the core makes it possible not only to raise the core to the surface more easily, but also to raise the core without damaging it. Therefore, it is possible to increase the size of the space 4 , and thus guarantee rapid drilling, while keeping a core intact.
- the invention also relates to a method for drilling wells using the bit according to the invention.
- the method comprises the steps consisting of:
- the drilling method also comprises the step consisting of analyzing the petrophysical properties of the core.
- the drilling method also comprises the step consisting of analyzing the mechanical properties of the core.
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
A bit for drilling wells has a front face with radial blades having cutting elements distributed around the front face. A space for forming a core is situated at the center of the front face. A cavity is provided for evacuating the core towards a periphery of the bit. At least a portion of the cavity is situated between adjacent blades. The cavity is delimited by two lateral surfaces and a clearance surface set back with respect to the front face, and the cavity is open in a direction opposite the clearance surface. The bit may be used in methods for drilling wells and makes it possible to rapidly drill wells of great depth in all types of rock without the risk of clogging.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/596,995, filed Oct. 22, 2009, which is the National Stage under 35 USC §371 of PCT/IB2008/002299, filed Apr. 22, 2008, which claims priority to French Patent Application No. 07/02919, filed Apr. 23, 2007. Each of the foregoing applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety as if set forth in full.
- The present invention relates to a bit for drilling wells, and in particular cylindrical wells of great depth such as mine shafts, oil or gas wells. The present invention also relates to a method for drilling wells using the bit.
- The bit is a drilling tool intended to be installed at the end of a drill pipe string for drilling wells into a reservoir. By reservoir, is meant rock which is sufficiently porous and permeable to be able to contain fluids (water, oil, gas). These fluids can optionally accumulate to form a deposit.
- A drill pipe string is supported by a metal derrick and is rotated by a rotary table. The drilling mud, a specific mixture of clay, water and chemical products is continuously injected into the inside of the drill pipes then emerges via the bit and returns to the surface via annular space contained between the drill pipes and the walls of the well. The circulation of the drilling mud cools the bit and allows the cuttings to be evacuated. At the surface, the drilling mud is filtered and reinjected. Analysis of the cuttings provides invaluable information on the nature and composition of the rocks cut through.
- Thirty years ago, the drilling of a well of great depth could take several months. Also, in order to accelerate the drilling speed, bits have been proposed that do not drill at the centre of wells. In fact, the circumferential linear speed of the bit decreases from the periphery of the bit towards its centre and is zero at the centre of the bit. Thus, by not drilling the centre of the wells, the bits have gained efficiency. However, this type of bit produces a core in its centre, which must be broken up or evacuated.
- Various types of bits which do not drill the centre of wells are known.
- In particular, a bit is known from document U.S. Pat. No. 2,931,630 comprising an array in the surface of which a plurality of diamonds is mounted. This bit comprises moreover a cavity for receiving a core, the core being periodically broken off and evacuated by moving towards the outside and above the bit. The array in which the plurality of diamonds is mounted makes it possible to drill through hard and very hard rocks. However, if the bit encounters soft rock, the spaces situated between the diamonds become clogged and the tool can no longer drill. Now, during the drilling of wells of great depth, different types of geological formations are passed through by the bit and it is highly probable that soft rock will be encountered. This type of tool is therefore not suitable for drilling wells of great depth.
- Bits provided with a chamber for crushing the core formed are known from the documents FR-A-2 141 510 and FR-A-2 197 325. However, if the bit encounters soft rock, the crushing chamber becomes clogged. The bit provided with a crushing chamber must then be brought out so that the bit can be cleaned, which leads to a significant loss of time.
- From the document BE-A-1 014 561 a bit is also known, provided with a means or a device suitable for destroying the core in a progressive or continuous fashion or periodically, this means or this device being situated in the central zone of the body of the bit. In one embodiment, the means for destroying the core is the side wall of the central zone of the body of the bit. The core is then broken periodically under the effect of transmitted mechanical vibrations. However, if the bit encounters soft rock, the central zone of the bit becomes clogged. It must then be brought out to be cleaned, which leads to a considerable loss of time.
- The purpose of the invention is therefore to propose a bit which makes it possible to rapidly drill wells of great depth in all types of rocks without the risk of clogging.
- This purpose is achieved by a bit for drilling wells comprising:
-
- a front face
- a plurality of radial blades provided with cutting elements, the blades being distributed around the front face,
- a space for forming a core, the space being situated at the centre of the front face, and
- a cavity for evacuating the core towards the periphery of the bit, the cavity being situated between two adjacent blades.
- According to another feature, the cavity is delimited by two lateral surfaces and a clearance surface, the clearance surface being set back with respect to the front face.
- According to another feature, the clearance surface is suitable for evacuating the core simultaneously towards the periphery and towards the rear of the bit.
- According to another feature, the bit further comprises a device for breaking up the core.
- According to another feature, the breaking device is situated in the cavity close to the centre of the bit.
- According to another feature, the breaking device is a tip made of an abrasion-resistant material.
- According to another feature, the tip is inclined with respect to the axis of the bit.
- According to another feature, the dimensions of the cavity are suitable for forming cylindrical cores the length of which is equal to at least twice their diameter.
- According to another feature, the bit further comprises drilling mud feed channels, each of the channels opening onto the front face.
- According to another feature, one of the channels opens into the cavity and is suitable for facilitating the evacuation of the core towards the periphery of the bit.
- According to another feature, the bit further comprises an element for radially cutting the core.
- Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method for drilling wells using the bit described above, comprising the steps consisting of forming a core at the centre of the bit; evacuating the core up through the drilling well to the ground surface; recovering the core.
- According to another feature, the drilling method further comprises a step of analyzing the petrophysical properties of the core.
- Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, given by way of example only and with reference to the drawings, which show:
-
FIG. 1 , a perspective view of a bit (PDC tool) according to the invention, -
FIG. 2 , a longitudinal cross-section view of a bit (impregnated tool) according to the invention, -
FIG. 3 , a front view of a bit (PDC tool) according to the invention, -
FIG. 4 , a side view of a cutting element, -
FIG. 5 , a longitudinal cross-section view of the front face of the bit. - A bit according to the invention comprises a front face. The bit also comprises a plurality of radial blades provided with cutting elements, the blades being distributed around the front face. The blades, provided with cutting elements, make it possible to drill, by shearing, in all types of rocks, thus avoiding clogging of the blades. A space situated at the centre of the front face allows the formation of a core at the centre of the bit. The formation of a core at the centre of the bit makes rapid drilling possible. A cavity situated between two adjacent blades of the bit allows the core to be evacuated towards the periphery of the bit. Thus, the evacuation of the core prevents any clogging inside the bit. The bit according to the invention therefore allows the rapid drilling of wells of great depth in all types of rocks without the risk of clogging.
- Identical reference numbers in the different figures represent identical or similar elements.
-
FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a bit according to the invention. The bit comprises abody 12 having a rotational symmetry about anaxis 13. The bit is suitable for mounting on a drill pipe string and being rotationally driven by different types of motor, on the surface or bottom, for example a motor with a spiral shaft (for example of Moineau type) or a turbine. - The front of the bit is defined as the part of the bit which is orientated towards the bottom of the well and the rear of the bit as the part of the bit which is orientated towards the outside of the well, i.e. in the case of vertical drilling, the earth's surface.
- Moreover, the inside of the bit is defined as the part of the bit situated close to the
axis 13 and the outside of the bit as the part of the bit situated close to the periphery of the bit. - The
body 12 of the bit comprises afront face 1, which is preferably rounded so as to facilitate the penetration of the bit into the rocks as well as to provide the tool with satisfactory stability. Thefront face 1 is provided with a plurality ofblades 2, for example 4, 6 or 8 blades, or even many more, for example 36. The harder the rocks to be drilled, the higher the number of blades. - The
blades 2 are arranged in a substantially radial fashion, as can be seen in particular inFIG. 3 . The blades extend along the outside wall of thebody 12. Theblades 2 project with respect to thefront face 1 and to the outside wall of thebody 12. Eachblade 2 comprises a plurality of cuttingelements 3 arranged alongside each other along the blade. The cutting element of a blade which is closest to the centre of the tool is called the inside cutting element of a blade. And the cutting element of a blade which is closest to the periphery of the tool is called the outside cutting element. Each cuttingelement 3 has a substantially cylindrical shape. Thecutting elements 3 are mounted in theblades 2. - Each cutting
element 3 is composed of material based on various metals including, for example, tungsten carbide (WC). - In a first embodiment, the metal-based material, with or without tungsten carbide, is impregnated with synthetic diamond, or even natural diamond, grains of varying sizes, ranging for example from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. A tool provided with cutting elements according to this first embodiment is called an “impregnated tool”.
- In a second embodiment, illustrated in particular in
FIG. 4 , a layer of polycrystalline diamond compact, PDC, 32 is situated on the face of astud 31 made of case-hardened tungsten carbide. This layer of PDC comprises a small quantity of metal so as to ensure its shock-resistance. A tool provided with cutting elements according to this second embodiment is called a “PDC tool”. - The cutting elements of the impregnated tools and PDC tools are very hard and thus make it possible to drill rocks of variable hardness and in particular very hard rocks. The cutting elements are suitable for breaking rocks by shearing, which also makes them suitable for drilling in soft rocks.
- The
body 12 and theblades 2 of the bit are for example made of steel or infiltrated WC. They are preferably made of steel as this material is more resistant than infiltrated WC. Steel therefore allows more varied geometries of the bit, making it easier to adapt to the ground to be drilled. - Moreover, the
blades 2 are arranged on an external annular crown of thefront face 1. Aspace 4 is thus situated approximately at the centre of thefront face 1. Thisspace 4 is situated approximately at the intersection of the planes of the blades. This space is delimited by the inside cutting elements of each blade. When the bit is driven into the rock while rotating, a substantiallycylindrical core 10 is formed in thisspace 4. - Moreover, the bit comprises an
evacuation cavity 5 situated between twoadjacent blades 2. Thisevacuation cavity 5 is suitable for evacuating the core towards the periphery of the tool. Theevacuation cavity 5 is delimited by twolateral surfaces 6 and aclearance surface 7. The lateral surfaces are substantially parallel, even merged, with the lateral surfaces of the two blades adjacent to the cavity. The angle between the adjacent blades, between which the cavity is formed, is for example comprised between 45° and 90°. This angle is a function of the diameter of the tool and that of the core formed. Theclearance surface 7 is set back with respect to thefront face 1. The clearance surface can be seen particularly well inFIG. 2 . Theclearance surface 7 extends from thespace 4 to the periphery of the bit. The base of thespace 4 is situated in thecavity 5. Theclearance surface 7 rises towards the rear of the bit, and extends along the tool guard. Thus, theclearance surface 7 allows the core 10 to be guided simultaneously towards the periphery of the bit (which is facilitated by centrifugal force) and towards the rear of the bit (which is facilitated by the forward movement of the tool and by the drilling mud) in order to evacuate it into the well. Once the core is evacuated from thecavity 5, it rises with the drilling mud to the earth's surface. - Moreover, the bit comprises a
breaking device 11, suitable for causing the core to break by shearing. The breakingdevice 11 is situated on theclearance surface 7 of thecavity 5, close to the centre of the bit. The breakingdevice 11 is for example fixed onto thisclearance surface 7, for example by crimping. During the formation of the core, the length/diameter ratio of the core increases. The longer the core becomes, the more the latter weakens. Therefore a small lateral pressure is sufficient to cause it to break. The breakingdevice 11 can therefore be any device which is capable of producing such a lateral pressure. The breaking of the core occurs when the core attains a length which is determined by the depth of the space 4 (namely the distance between the front of theblades 2 and theevacuation cavity 5 at the centre of the bit) and the positioning of the breakingdevice 11 with respect to theaxis 13 of the bit. - The breaking device is for example made of an abrasion-resistant material, for example a metal-based material, with or without tungsten carbide, diamond impregnated, or of PDC, or also of ceramic or of a carbide-based material. The breaking
device 11 is for example in the form of a tip. The tip is arranged according to an axis which is inclined with respect to theaxis 13 of the bit, as can be seen in particular inFIG. 2 . The angle between the plane of the tip and the axis of the bit is for example comprised between 10° and 15°. - The dimensions of the core 10 are limited by the geometry of the bit, and in particular by the geometry of the
space 4 and thecavity 5. - Moreover, the bit comprises
channels 8, 9, which can be seen in particular inFIG. 3 , which are suitable for conveying drilling mud, the drilling mud making it possible to cool the bit down and to raise the rock cuttings up through the well to the earth's surface. - The drilling mud also makes it possible to raise the cores formed in the bit up to the earth's surface.
- Economic investments in the oil industry mean that it must be possible to realistically describe the geological structure of wells and reservoirs, for example by having access to the petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability, etc.) of the rocks constituting the wells and the reservoirs. These properties are not uniform in any reservoir, but depend on the geological structures which constitute it. This results in reservoir heterogeneity. Knowledge of the reservoir involves the determination of such heterogeneities. The characterization of wells and reservoirs makes it possible to offer assistance in deciding on the evolution of development of the deposit and more generally, it makes it possible to provide assistance as regards the exploitation of the deposit and the drilling of wasteland.
- In the case of wells of great depth (typically 5-6 km), the pressures and temperatures at the bottom of wells are such that it is impossible to carry out standard characterizations such as standard loggings or corings. In fact, the electronics used for loggings is not resistant to high pressures (7800 bar or more) and high temperatures (150° C. or more). In addition, the standard coring is very restricting as it assumes that the core obtained is raised to the surface every 10 to 40 m of drilling.
- Also, it is particularly useful to be able to continuously raise to the surface the cores formed by the bit according to the invention in order to be able to carry out the characterizations of the wells at the surface. It is also advantageous for the cores to be of a length which is sufficiently great to be able to extract a maximum amount of information on the geological structure of the well.
- In order that the
core 10 is raised to the surface as intact as possible, it is necessary that the breakingdevice 11 does not crush it, but shears it. - It has been observed that the core is sheared and not crushed when the length/diameter ratio is at minimum equal to 2. The dimensions of the
evacuation cavity 5 must therefore be at least equal to the greatest dimension of the core, i.e. its length. - The cores obtained by the bit according to the invention have a length of the order of 10 to 100 mm.
- In the case where the rocks to be drilled are hard, the bit comprises a higher number of blades than in the case where the rocks to be drilled are softer. The outside diameter of the bit is for example 21.59 cm (8.5″) for a bit with 8 blades, 15.24 cm (6″) for a bit with 6 blades and 66.04 cm (26″) for a tool with 36 blades.
- For a bit with 8 blades with a diameter of 21.59 cm, cores of length 35 mm and diameter 15 mm have been obtained.
- For a bit with 6 blades with a diameter of 15.24 cm, cores of length 30 mm and
diameter 10 mm have been obtained. - The maximum diameter that can be envisaged for a core is approximately equal to one-third of the outside diameter of the bit. In order to be able to exploit the cores satisfactorily, it is desirable for the diameter of the core to be at minimum equal to 5 mm.
- Moreover, the presence of a core at the centre of the bit has a stabilizing effect on the bit. The greater the diameter of the cores, the more stable the bit during drilling.
- Moreover, the cylindrical shape of the core makes it possible to provide a directional reference, the axis of the core corresponding to the axis of the well drilled.
- The
core 10 is sheared by the breakingdevice 11 of the bit, then evacuated incavity 5 towards the periphery of the bit then raised up through the well to the earth's surface with the drilling mud. - The bit comprises for example a number of
channels 8, 9 supplying drilling mud, equal to the number of blades. Thechannels 8, 9 open out onto thefront face 1 of the bit. - One of the channels 9 opens into the
cavity 5 close to the centre of the bit and thebreaking device 11. This channel 9 facilitates the evacuation of the core in the cavity along theclearance surface 7 towards the periphery of the bit. During its evacuation via the cavity, the core is thus steeped in the drilling mud. This reduces the risk of the core knocking against thelateral walls 6 or the clearance surface of the cavity is reduced. The core is therefore less likely to break up. - The orifices of the
other channels 8 are arranged substantially around an axial crown, as can be seen in particular inFIG. 3 . - Another embodiment is illustrated in particular in
FIG. 5 , which represents a longitudinal cross-section view of the front face of the bit.FIG. 5 shows thecutting elements 3 mounted on a blade. Inside the bit, along theaxis 13, acore 10 is represented in the process of being created in thespace 4. According toFIG. 5 , the dimensions of thespace 4 are increased. This allows higher drilling speeds to be achieved. Moreover, the bit comprises acomponent 14 for radially cutting the core. Thecomponent 14 can be situated at the centre of the bit. The component can be arranged laterally with respect to thespace 4. This component is presented, for example, according to thecutting element 3 described above. Thecomponent 14 is for example mounted in the bit, the rotation of the bit making it possible to reduce the diameter of the core by cutting the core with thecomponent 14. The reduction in the diameter of the core makes it possible not only to raise the core to the surface more easily, but also to raise the core without damaging it. Therefore, it is possible to increase the size of thespace 4, and thus guarantee rapid drilling, while keeping a core intact. By way of example, it is possible to use a bit with 6 blades (6″) having aspace 4 with a 20 mm diameter. Starting with a core diameter of 20 mm, thecomponent 14 makes it possible to obtain a core of 8 mm. - The invention also relates to a method for drilling wells using the bit according to the invention. The method comprises the steps consisting of:
-
- forming a core at the centre of the bit,
- evacuating the core up through the well to the ground surface,
- recovering the core, for example in a sieve.
- The drilling method also comprises the step consisting of analyzing the petrophysical properties of the core.
- The drilling method also comprises the step consisting of analyzing the mechanical properties of the core.
Claims (13)
1. A bit for drilling wells, comprising:
a front face;
a plurality of radial blades provided with cutting elements, the blades being distributed around the front face;
a space for forming a core, the space being situated at the center of the front face; and
a cavity for evacuating the core towards a periphery of the bit, the cavity being situated between two adjacent of the blades and preventing any clogging inside the bit.
2. A bit according to claim 1 , wherein the radial blades are arranged on an external annular crown of the front face.
3. A bit according to claim 1 , wherein a majority of the cavity is situated between two adjacent blades, wherein the cavity is delimited by two lateral surfaces and a clearance surface, and wherein the clearance surface is set back with respect to the front face.
4. A bit according to claim 1 , further comprising drilling mud feed channels, wherein each of the channels opens onto the front face, and wherein one of the channels opens into the cavity and is suitable for facilitating the evacuation of the core towards the periphery of the bit.
5. A bit according to claim 1 , wherein the clearance surface is suitable for evacuating the core simultaneously towards the periphery and towards the rear of the bit.
6. A bit according to claim 1 , further comprising a device for breaking up the core.
7. A bit according to claim 6 , wherein the breaking device is situated in the cavity close to the center of the bit.
8. A bit according to claim 7 , wherein the breaking device is a tip made of an abrasion-resistant material.
9. A bit according to claim 8 , wherein the tip is inclined with respect to the axis of the bit.
10. A bit according to claim 1 , wherein the dimensions of the cavity are suitable for forming cylindrical cores the length of which is equal to at least twice their diameter.
11. A bit according to claim 1 , further comprising an element for radially cutting the core.
12. A method for drilling wells, comprising:
providing a bit for drilling wells, comprising:
a front face;
a plurality of radial blades provided with cutting elements, the blades being distributed around the front face;
a space for forming a core, the space being situated at the center of the front face; and
a cavity for evacuating the core towards a periphery of the bit, the cavity being situated between two adjacent of the blades and preventing any clogging inside the bit;
forming a core at the center of the bit;
evacuating the core up through the drilling well to the ground surface; and
recovering the core.
13. A method for drilling wells according to claim 12 , further comprising analyzing the petrophysical properties of the core.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/623,092 US20150159439A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2015-02-16 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0702919A FR2915232B1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2007-04-23 | TREPAN FOR DRILLING A WELL AND METHOD FOR DRESSING THE SAME. |
FR07/02919 | 2007-04-23 | ||
PCT/IB2008/002299 WO2008149240A2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-22 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
US59699509A | 2009-10-22 | 2009-10-22 | |
US14/623,092 US20150159439A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2015-02-16 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/596,995 Continuation US8960335B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-22 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
PCT/IB2008/002299 Continuation WO2008149240A2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-22 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20150159439A1 true US20150159439A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
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US12/596,995 Active US8960335B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-22 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
US14/623,092 Abandoned US20150159439A1 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2015-02-16 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
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US12/596,995 Active US8960335B2 (en) | 2007-04-23 | 2008-04-22 | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method |
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US (2) | US8960335B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2142749B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR066235A1 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2685065C (en) |
DK (1) | DK2142749T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2386813T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2915232B1 (en) |
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Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8590646B2 (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2013-11-26 | Longyear Tm, Inc. | Impregnated cutting elements with large abrasive cutting media and methods of making and using the same |
BR112013020374B1 (en) | 2011-02-10 | 2020-08-25 | Smith International, Inc. | drill bit and downhole cutting tool |
BE1020012A3 (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2013-03-05 | Omni Ip Ltd | BI-CENTER ROTARY TREPAN AND METHOD FOR EXTENDING PREEXISTANT WELL. |
CA2839696C (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2019-10-29 | Smith International, Inc. | Fixed cutter drill bit with core fragmentation feature |
US20150021099A1 (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-22 | Neil Shaw | Cutting members with integrated abrasive elements |
US10125550B2 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2018-11-13 | Smith International, Inc. | Orientation of cutting element at first radial position to cut core |
US10301881B2 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2019-05-28 | Smith International, Inc. | Fixed cutter drill bit with multiple cutting elements at first radial position to cut core |
EP3129577B1 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2019-05-22 | Varel International, Ind., L.P. | Ultra-high rop blade enhancement |
US20150368976A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-24 | Tercel Ip Ltd | Fixed-cutter drill bits generating cores |
US10072463B2 (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2018-09-11 | Yan Yan Rao | Anti-balling drill bit positioned relative to fixed blades presenting fixed cutting inserts |
CA3143814A1 (en) | 2015-01-12 | 2016-07-21 | Longyear Tm, Inc. | Drilling tools having matrices with carbide-forming alloys, and methods of making and using same |
EP3249150B1 (en) | 2016-05-23 | 2019-10-09 | VAREL EUROPE (Société par Actions Simplifiée) | Fixed cutter drill bit having core receptacle with concave core cutter |
FR3100559B1 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2021-09-17 | Inst De Radioprotection Et De Surete Nucleaire | Method and device for large-diameter drilling or for digging wells along several inclinations |
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US3095053A (en) * | 1960-02-01 | 1963-06-25 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Drill bit |
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US1014561A (en) * | 1911-02-09 | 1912-01-09 | John David Bell | Torpedo-placing machine. |
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US2197325A (en) * | 1938-08-10 | 1940-04-16 | C L Hardy Curing Corp | Air heating and conditioning device for curing tobacco and the like |
US2990897A (en) * | 1957-03-08 | 1961-07-04 | Drilling & Service Inc | Abrading element inset bit having improved circulating characteristics |
US2931630A (en) * | 1957-12-30 | 1960-04-05 | Hycalog Inc | Drill bit |
US3127946A (en) * | 1961-05-01 | 1964-04-07 | Carroll L Deely | Drill bit |
US3552505A (en) * | 1968-11-22 | 1971-01-05 | American Coldset Corp | Core bit and core crusher apparatus |
US3727704A (en) * | 1971-03-17 | 1973-04-17 | Christensen Diamond Prod Co | Diamond drill bit |
GB1348694A (en) * | 1971-05-10 | 1974-03-20 | Shell Int Research | Diamond bit |
FR2141510B1 (en) | 1971-06-02 | 1973-06-29 | Sogreah | |
FR2197325A5 (en) * | 1972-08-23 | 1974-03-22 | Sogreah | |
US4538691A (en) | 1984-01-30 | 1985-09-03 | Strata Bit Corporation | Rotary drill bit |
US4694916A (en) * | 1986-09-22 | 1987-09-22 | R. C. Ltd. | Continuous coring drill bit |
US4858706A (en) * | 1987-09-15 | 1989-08-22 | Lebourgh Maurice P | Diamond drill bit with hemispherically shaped diamond inserts |
SU1553645A1 (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1990-03-30 | Специальное Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро По Комплексной Переработке Минерального Сырья С Опытным Производством Ан Азсср | Crown bit |
SU1668620A1 (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1991-08-07 | Институт сверхтвердых материалов АН УССР | Rotary drilling bit |
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RU2007540C1 (en) * | 1991-08-19 | 1994-02-15 | Институт сверхтвердых материалов АН Украины | Bit for rotational drilling |
RU2049220C1 (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1995-11-27 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Научно-производственная фирма "Юкон" | Core barrel |
SG34341A1 (en) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-12-06 | Smith International | Self-centering polycrystalline diamond drill bit |
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2007
- 2007-04-23 FR FR0702919A patent/FR2915232B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-04-22 MX MX2009011424A patent/MX2009011424A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-04-22 CA CA2685065A patent/CA2685065C/en active Active
- 2008-04-22 WO PCT/IB2008/002299 patent/WO2008149240A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-04-22 AR ARP080101674A patent/AR066235A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-04-22 DK DK08806993.5T patent/DK2142749T3/en active
- 2008-04-22 RU RU2009142714/03A patent/RU2469173C2/en active
- 2008-04-22 ES ES08806993T patent/ES2386813T3/en active Active
- 2008-04-22 PL PL08806993T patent/PL2142749T3/en unknown
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- 2008-04-22 AT AT08806993T patent/ATE552404T1/en active
- 2008-04-22 EP EP08806993A patent/EP2142749B1/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-02-16 US US14/623,092 patent/US20150159439A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US3095053A (en) * | 1960-02-01 | 1963-06-25 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Drill bit |
Also Published As
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DK2142749T3 (en) | 2012-06-18 |
FR2915232A1 (en) | 2008-10-24 |
ES2386813T3 (en) | 2012-08-31 |
RU2469173C2 (en) | 2012-12-10 |
ATE552404T1 (en) | 2012-04-15 |
CA2685065C (en) | 2018-03-27 |
WO2008149240A2 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
US8960335B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
FR2915232B1 (en) | 2009-06-05 |
CA2685065A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
PL2142749T3 (en) | 2012-08-31 |
EP2142749B1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
EP2142749A2 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
RU2009142714A (en) | 2011-05-27 |
US20100133013A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
WO2008149240A3 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
AR066235A1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
MX2009011424A (en) | 2009-11-19 |
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