US20150104334A1 - Variable displacement swash plate compressor - Google Patents
Variable displacement swash plate compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150104334A1 US20150104334A1 US14/507,102 US201414507102A US2015104334A1 US 20150104334 A1 US20150104334 A1 US 20150104334A1 US 201414507102 A US201414507102 A US 201414507102A US 2015104334 A1 US2015104334 A1 US 2015104334A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- valve
- swash plate
- chamber
- valve body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/26—Control
- F04B1/28—Control of machines or pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B1/29—Control of machines or pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B1/295—Control of machines or pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block by changing the inclination of the swash plate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/12—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders having plural sets of cylinders or pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2042—Valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/1809—Controlled pressure
- F04B2027/1813—Crankcase pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/1822—Valve-controlled fluid connection
- F04B2027/1831—Valve-controlled fluid connection between crankcase and suction chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/14—Control
- F04B27/16—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
- F04B27/18—Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
- F04B27/1804—Controlled by crankcase pressure
- F04B2027/184—Valve controlling parameter
- F04B2027/1854—External parameters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable displacement swash plate compressor in which a piston engaged with a swash plate reciprocates with a stroke that is in accordance with the inclination angle of a swash plate.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-190972 discloses a variable displacement swash plate compressor including a movable body that is coupled to a swash plate and capable of changing the inclination angle of the swash plate.
- the movable body moves in the axial direction of a rotation shaft when control gas is drawn into a control pressure chamber of a housing thereby changing the pressure of the control pressure chamber.
- the movement of the movable body changes the inclination angle of the swash plate.
- the variable displacement swash plate compressor includes a displacement control valve that controls the pressure of the control pressure chamber.
- variable displacement swash plate compressor when an air conditioning switch of the vehicle air conditioning device is turned off and an electromagnetic solenoid of the displacement control valve is deactivated, the inclination angle of the swash plate may remain greater than the minimum inclination angle due to a change in the pressure of the suction pressure region. In this case, when the air conditioning switch is turned on and the electromagnetic solenoid is activated again, a sudden increase in the displacement may increase the load on the variable displacement swash plate compressor. Thus, when the air conditioning switch is turned off and the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated, it is desirable that the inclination angle of the swash plate be minimal.
- one aspect of the present invention is a variable displacement swash plate compressor that includes a housing including a discharge pressure region, of which pressure is a discharge pressure, and a suction pressure region, of which pressure is a suction pressure, a rotation shaft supported by the housing, and a swash plate accommodated in the housing.
- the swash plate rotates when receiving driving force from the rotation shaft and inclines relative to the rotation shaft at an inclination angle that is variable.
- a piston is engaged with the swash plate.
- a movable body is coupled to the swash plate and adapted to vary the inclination angle of the swash plate.
- a control pressure chamber is defined in the movable body and adapted to move the movable body in an axial direction of the rotation shaft when control gas drawn into the control pressure chamber changes pressure of the control pressure chamber.
- a discharge passage extends from the control pressure region to the suction pressure region.
- a displacement control valve is adapted to control the pressure of the control pressure chamber.
- the piston reciprocates with a stroke that is in accordance with the inclination angle of the swash plate.
- the displacement control valve includes an electromagnetic solenoid, a driving force transmission member driven by the electromagnetic solenoid, and a valve body adapted to move in an open direction and a close direction, which is opposite to the open direction, to adjust an opening amount of the discharge passage.
- a pressure sensing mechanism is adapted to expand and contract in movement directions of the valve body in accordance with the suction pressure.
- the pressure sensing mechanism and the driving force transmission member are located at opposite sides of the valve body.
- a solenoid housing accommodates the electromagnetic solenoid.
- a valve housing accommodates the valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism.
- the valve housing includes an accommodation chamber, which accommodates the pressure sensing mechanism and is in communication with the control pressure chamber, and a valve chamber, which accommodates the valve body and is in communication with the suction pressure region.
- the valve body has a valve opening degree that is determined by an urging force applied to the valve body through the driving force transmission member when the electromagnetic solenoid is activated and by an urging force applied to the valve body by the expansion and contraction of the pressure sensing mechanism in accordance with the suction pressure.
- the valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism are formed integrally to form a valve unit. When the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated, the pressure of the accommodation chamber acts on a back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism that is opposite to the driving force transmission member so that a force in the open direction is applied to the valve unit.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment a variable displacement swash plate compressor
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a displacement control valve of the variable displacement swash plate compressor of FIG. 1 when the inclination angle of the swash plate is minimum;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the displacement control valve of FIG. 2 when the inclination of the swash plate is maximum;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the variable displacement swash plate compressor when the inclination angle of the swash plate is maximum;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the displacement control valve when the pressure of the suction chamber exceeds a predetermined pressure when the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the displacement control valve when the electromagnetic solenoid is activated when a bellows is contracted.
- variable displacement swash plate compressor is used with a vehicle air conditioning device.
- a variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 includes a housing 11 that includes a first cylinder block 12 , a second cylinder block 13 , a front housing member 14 , and a rear housing member 15 .
- the first cylinder block 12 which is located at the front side (one side)
- the second cylinder block 13 which is located at the rear side (the other side)
- the front housing member 14 is coupled to the first cylinder block 12 .
- the rear housing member 15 is coupled to the second cylinder block 13 .
- a first valve/port formation body 16 is arranged between the front housing member 14 and the first cylinder block 12 .
- a second valve/port formation body 17 is arranged between the rear housing member 15 and the second cylinder block 13 .
- a suction chamber 14 a and a discharge chamber 14 b are defined between the front housing member 14 and the first valve/port formation body 16 .
- the discharge chamber 14 b is located radially outward from the suction chamber 14 a .
- a suction chamber 15 a and a discharge chamber 15 b are defined between the rear housing member 15 and the second valve/port formation body 17 .
- the rear housing member 15 also defines a pressure adjustment chamber 15 c that is located in the central section of the rear housing member 15 .
- the suction chamber 15 a is located radially outward from the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c .
- the discharge chamber 15 b is located radially outward from the suction chamber 15 a .
- the discharge chambers 14 b and 15 b are connected to each other by a discharge passage (not shown), which is connected to an external refrigerant circuit (not shown).
- the discharge chambers 14 b and 15 b define a discharge pressure region.
- the pressure of the discharge pressure region is referred to as the discharge pressure.
- the first valve/port formation body 16 includes suction ports 16 a (only one shown in FIG. 1 ), which are in communication with the suction chamber 14 a , and discharge ports 16 b (only one shown in FIG. 1 ), which are in communication with the discharge chamber 14 b .
- the second valve/port formation body 17 includes suction ports 17 a (only one shown in FIG. 1 ), which are in communication with the suction chamber 15 a , and discharge ports 17 b (only one shown in FIG. 1 ), which are in communication with the discharge chamber 15 b .
- the suction ports 16 a and 17 a each include a suction valve mechanism (not shown), and the discharge ports 16 b and 17 b each include a discharge valve mechanism (not shown).
- a rotation shaft 21 is rotationally supported in the housing 11 .
- the rotation shaft 21 extends along an axis L and includes a front axial end (one end) and a rear axial end (the other end) in the direction of an axis L (in the axial direction).
- the front end section of the rotation shaft 21 is located at the front side of the housing 11 and inserted through a shaft hole 12 h that extends through the first cylinder block 12 .
- the front end of the rotation shaft 21 is located in the front housing member 14 .
- the rear end section of the rotation shaft 21 is located at the rear side of the housing 11 and inserted through a shaft hole 13 h that extends through the second cylinder block 13 .
- the rear end of the rotation shaft 21 is located in the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c.
- the front end section of the rotation shaft 21 is received in the shaft hole 12 h and rotationally supported by the first cylinder block 12 .
- the rear end section of the rotation shaft 21 is received in the shaft hole 13 h and rotationally supported by the second cylinder block 13 .
- a shaft sealing device 22 is arranged between the front housing member 14 and the rotation shaft 21 .
- the shaft sealing device 22 is a lip seal.
- a vehicle engine E which functions as an external driving source, is operatively coupled to the front end of the rotation shaft 21 through a power transmission mechanism PT.
- the power transmission mechanism PT is a clutchless mechanism that constantly transmits power and may be a combination of a belt and a pulley, for example.
- the first cylinder block 12 and the second cylinder block 13 define a crank chamber 24 in the housing 11 .
- the crank chamber 24 accommodates a swash plate 23 that is rotated by the driving force received from the rotation shaft 21 .
- the swash plate 23 is inclinable in the axial direction relative to the rotation shaft 21 .
- the swash plate 23 includes an insertion hole 23 a that receives the rotation shaft 21 . The insertion of the rotation shaft 21 into the insertion hole 23 a couples the swash plate 23 to the rotation shaft 21 .
- Primary cylinder bores 12 a extend through the first cylinder block 12 around the rotation shaft 21 in the axial direction. Each primary cylinder bore 12 a is in communication with the suction chamber 14 a through the corresponding suction port 16 a and in communication with the discharge chamber 14 b through the corresponding discharge port 16 b .
- Secondary cylinder bores 13 a extend through the second cylinder block 13 around the rotation shaft 21 in the axial direction. Each secondary cylinder bore 13 a is in communication with the suction chamber 15 a through the corresponding suction port 17 a and in communication with the discharge chamber 15 b through the corresponding discharge port 17 b .
- Each of the primary cylinder bores 12 a located at the front side is paired with a corresponding one of the secondary cylinder bores 13 a located at the rear side.
- Each of the pairs of the primary cylinder bores 12 a and the secondary cylinder bores 13 a accommodates a double-headed piston 25 that can reciprocate in the front-rear direction. That is, the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 of the present embodiment is a double-headed piston swash plate compressor.
- Each double-headed piston 25 is engaged with the outer portion of the swash plate 23 by a pair of shoes 26 .
- the rotation of the swash plate 23 caused by the rotation of the rotation shaft 21 is converted to reciprocal linear movement of the double-headed piston 25 through the shoes 26 .
- the double-headed piston 25 and the first valve/port formation body 16 define a primary compression chamber 20 a in each primary cylinder bore 12 a .
- the double-headed piston 25 and the second valve/port formation body 17 define a secondary compression chamber 20 b in each secondary cylinder bore 13 a.
- the first cylinder block 12 includes a first large diameter hole 12 b , which is continuous with the shaft hole 12 h and has a larger diameter than the shaft hole 12 h .
- the first large diameter hole 12 b is in communication with the crank chamber 24 .
- a suction passage 12 c which extends through the first cylinder block 12 and the first valve/port formation body 16 , communicates the crank chamber 24 and the suction chamber 14 a.
- the second cylinder block 13 includes a second large diameter hole 13 b , which is continuous with the shaft hole 13 h and has a larger diameter than the shaft hole 13 h .
- the second large diameter hole 13 b is in communication with the crank chamber 24 .
- a suction passage 13 c which extends through the second cylinder block 13 and the second valve/port formation body 17 , communicates the crank chamber 24 and the suction chamber 15 a.
- the circumferential wall of the second cylinder block 13 includes a suction inlet 13 s , which is connected to the external refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant gas that is drawn into the crank chamber 24 from the external refrigerant circuit through the suction inlet 13 s is then drawn into the suction chambers 14 a and 15 a through the suction passages 12 c and 13 c , respectively.
- the suction chambers 14 a and 15 a and the crank chamber 24 define a suction pressure region.
- the pressure of the suction pressure region is referred to as the suction pressure.
- the suction chambers 14 a and 15 a and the crank chamber 24 have substantially the same pressure.
- An annular flange 21 f projects from the rotation shaft 21 in the first large diameter hole 12 b .
- a first thrust bearing 27 a is arranged between the flange 21 f and the first cylinder block 12 in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- the rear end portion of the rotation shaft 21 is fitted into a cylindrical support 39 .
- An annular flange 39 f extends from the outer circumferential surface of the support 39 in the second large diameter hole 13 b .
- a second thrust bearing 27 b is arranged between the flange 39 f and the second cylinder block 13 in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- An annular fixed body 31 is fixed to the rotation shaft 21 at a location between the flange 21 f and the swash plate 23 .
- the fixed body 31 is rotatable integrally with the rotation shaft 21 .
- a movable body 32 is arranged between the flange 21 f and the fixed body 31 .
- the movable body 32 is movable relative to the fixed body 31 in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- the movable body 32 includes an annular end portion 32 a and a cylindrical portion 32 b extending from the rim of the end portion 32 a in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- the end portion 32 a includes an insertion hole 32 e that receives the rotation shaft 21 .
- the inner surface of the cylindrical portion 32 b can slide on the outer circumference of the fixed body 31 .
- the movable body 32 can rotate integrally with the rotation shaft 21 .
- a sealing member 33 seals the gap between the inner surface of the cylindrical portion 32 b and the outer circumference of the fixed body 31 .
- a sealing member 34 seals the gap between the end portion 32 a and the rotation shaft 21 .
- a control pressure chamber 35 is defined between the fixed body 31 and the movable body 32 .
- the rotation shaft 21 includes a first inner passage 21 a extending in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- the rear end of the first inner passage 21 a opens in the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c .
- the rotation shaft 21 also includes a second inner passage 21 b extending in the radial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- One end of the second inner passage 21 b is connected to the front end of the first inner passage 21 a , and the other end of the second inner passage 21 b opens in the control pressure chamber 35 .
- the first inner passage 21 a and the second inner passage 21 b communicate the control pressure chamber 35 and the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c.
- a lug arm 40 is arranged between the swash plate 23 and the flange 39 f in the crank chamber 24 .
- the lug arm 40 is substantially L-shaped.
- a first end of the lug arm 40 includes a weight 40 a .
- the lug arm 40 extends through a slot 23 b in the swash plate 23 so that the weight 40 a is located at the front side of the swash plate 23 .
- a first pin 41 which traverses the slot 23 b , couples the first end of the lug arm 40 to the upper side of the swash plate 23 , as viewed in FIG. 1 .
- the axis of the first pin 41 functions as a first pivot axis M1.
- the first end of the lug arm 40 is supported to be pivotable about the first pivot axis M1 relative to the swash plate 23 .
- a second pin 42 couples a second end of the lug arm 40 to the support 39 .
- the axis of the second pin 42 functions as a second pivot axis M2.
- the second end of the lug arm 40 is supported to be pivotable about the second pivot axis M2 relative to the support 39 .
- a coupling portion 32 c extends from the distal end of the cylindrical portion 32 b of the movable body 32 toward the swash plate 23 .
- the coupling portion 32 c includes a movable body hole 32 h that receives a third pin 43 .
- the lower section of the swash plate 23 as viewed in FIG. 1 includes a swash plate hole 23 h that receives the third pin 43 .
- the third pin 43 couples the coupling portion 32 c to the lower section of the swash plate 23 .
- a restriction 36 a extends through the second valve/port formation body 17 .
- the restriction 36 a is in communication with the discharge chamber 15 b .
- the end surface of the second cylinder block 13 that faces toward the second valve/port formation body 17 includes a communication portion 36 b .
- the communication portion 36 b is a recess that communicates the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c and the restriction 36 a .
- the discharge chamber 15 b is in communication with the control pressure chamber 35 through the restriction 36 a , the communication portion 36 b , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the first inner passage 21 a , and the second inner passage 21 b .
- the restriction 36 a , the communication portion 36 b , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the first inner passage 21 a , and the second inner passage 21 b form a supply passage extending from the discharge chamber 15 b to the control pressure chamber 35 .
- the supply passage narrows in the restriction 36 a . That is, the restriction 36 a reduces the cross-sectional area of the supply passage.
- the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 is adjusted by drawing refrigerant gas into the control pressure chamber 35 from the discharge chamber 15 b and by discharging the refrigerant gas from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15 a .
- the refrigerant gas drawn into the control pressure chamber 35 functions as a control gas that controls the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 .
- the difference in the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 and the pressure of the crank chamber 24 moves the movable body 32 relative to the fixed body 31 in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 21 .
- An electromagnetic displacement control valve 50 which adjusts the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 , is coupled to the rear housing member 15 .
- the displacement control valve 50 is electrically connected to a control computer 50 c .
- the control computer 50 c is connected to an air conditioning switch 50 s , which sends signals to the control computer 50 c.
- the displacement control valve 50 includes a valve housing 50 h .
- the valve housing 50 h includes a cylindrical solenoid housing member 51 , a cylindrical valve housing member 52 , and a lid 52 f .
- the solenoid housing member 51 accommodates an electromagnetic solenoid 53 .
- the valve housing member 52 is coupled to the solenoid housing member 51 .
- the valve housing member 52 includes an end wall 52 e and an opening, which is located at the opposite side of the solenoid housing member 51 .
- the lid 52 f is fitted into and closes the opening of the valve housing member 52 .
- the electromagnetic solenoid 53 includes a coil 53 c , a fixed core 54 , and a movable core 55 .
- the fixed core 54 is arranged between the movable core 55 and the valve housing member 52 .
- the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic solenoid 53 moves the movable core 55 toward the fixed core 54 .
- the control computer 50 c controls the activation (duty ratio) of the electromagnetic solenoid 53 .
- a spring 56 is arranged between the fixed core 54 and the movable core 55 . The spring 56 urges the movable core 55 away from the fixed core 54 .
- a post-shaped driving force transmission member 57 is coupled to the movable core 55 .
- the driving force transmission member 57 moves integrally with the movable core 55 .
- a back pressure chamber 58 is defined between the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 and the fixed core 54 .
- the driving force transmission member 57 extends to the back pressure chamber 58 through the fixed core 54 .
- the back pressure chamber 58 is defined by the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 and a recess 54 e .
- the recess 54 e is formed in the end surface of the fixed core 54 that faces toward the end wall 52 e and surrounds the driving force transmission member 57 .
- the valve housing member 52 includes an accommodation chamber 59 that accommodates a pressure sensing mechanism 60 .
- the pressure sensing mechanism 60 includes a bellows 61 , a pressure receiving body 62 , which is coupled to one end of the bellows 61 , a support body 63 , which is coupled to the other end of the bellows 61 , and a spring 64 , which is located in the bellows 61 and urges the pressure receiving body 62 and the support body 63 away from each other.
- a stopper 62 a is formed integrally with the pressure receiving body 62 and located in the bellows 61 .
- the support body 63 includes a stopper 63 a extending toward the stopper 62 a of the pressure receiving body 62 . The stopper 62 a and the stopper 63 a when in contact with each other set the minimum length of the bellows 61 .
- the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 includes a recess 52 a that is continuous with the accommodation chamber 59 .
- an annular valve seat member 65 is arranged in the accommodation chamber 59 near the end wall 52 e .
- the valve seat member 65 includes a valve hole 65 h and is separate from the valve housing member 52 .
- the valve seat member 65 includes a flat surface that faces the recess 52 a and is in contact with a step 52 b of the valve housing member 52 that connects the inner surface defining the accommodation chamber 59 and the inner surface defining the recess 52 a .
- An annular protrusion 65 a protrudes from the inner section of the end surface of the valve seat member 65 that faces toward the pressure sensing mechanism 60 .
- the protrusion 65 a protrudes toward the pressure sensing mechanism 60 .
- the accommodation chamber 59 accommodates a spring 66 , which is located between the valve seat member 65 and the lid 52 f .
- One end of the spring 66 is connected to the lid 52 f , and the other end is connected to a section of the valve seat member 65 that is located radially outward from the protrusion 65 a .
- the protrusion 65 a is located in the spring 66 .
- the protrusion 65 a restricts radial movement of the spring 66 .
- the spring 66 presses the valve seat member 65 against the step 52 b and positions the valve seat member 65 .
- a valve chamber 67 is formed between the valve seat member 65 and the end wall 52 e in the valve housing member 52 .
- the valve housing member 52 accommodates a valve 68 extending through the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 .
- the valve 68 extends from the back pressure chamber 58 to the accommodation chamber 59 through the valve chamber 67 and the valve hole 65 h .
- the valve 68 includes a valve body 68 v accommodated in the valve chamber 67 .
- the end of the valve 68 that faces toward the accommodation chamber 59 includes a post-shaped projection 68 a , which is coupled to the support body 63 .
- the valve 68 is formed integrally with the pressure sensing mechanism 60 .
- the pressure sensing mechanism 60 and the driving force transmission member 57 are located at opposite sides of the valve body 68 v .
- the valve 68 (valve body 68 v ) and the pressure sensing mechanism 60 are formed integrally with each other as a valve unit 70 .
- the end surface of the valve seat member 65 that faces the recess 52 a includes a valve seat 65 e extending around the valve hole 65 h .
- the valve seat 65 e receives the valve body 68 v .
- the valve body 68 v opens and closes the valve hole 65 h by moving toward and away from the valve seat 65 e .
- a cylindrical guide wall 69 which is formed in the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 , guides the valve 68 in the movement direction of the driving force transmission member 57 .
- the back pressure chamber 58 is located between the electromagnetic solenoid 53 and the valve chamber 67 .
- a gap 69 s formed between the guide wall 69 and the valve 68 communicates the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 .
- the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 includes a communication passage 73 that communicates the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 .
- a gap between the driving force transmission member 57 and the fixed core 54 communicates the back pressure chamber 58 and the accommodation chamber 55 a , which accommodates the movable core 55 .
- the accommodation chamber 59 is in communication with the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c through the passage 71 .
- the valve chamber 67 is in communication with the suction chamber 15 a through the passage 72 .
- the second inner passage 21 b , the first inner passage 21 a , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the passage 71 , the accommodation chamber 59 , the valve hole 65 h , the valve chamber 67 , and the passage 72 form a discharge passage extending from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15 a.
- the cross-sectional area of the valve hole 65 h which is opened and closed by the valve body 68 v , is the same as the effective pressure receiving area of the bellows 61 .
- the bellows 61 expands and contracts in the movement directions of the valve body 68 v in accordance with the pressure applied to the valve 68 in the back pressure chamber 58 and the pressure applied to the valve body 68 v in the valve chamber 67 .
- the expansion and contraction of the bellows 61 moves the valve body 68 v and adjusts the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v .
- the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v is determined by the balance of the urging force applied to the valve body 68 v by the activated electromagnetic solenoid 53 through the driving force transmission member 57 , the urging force of the spring 56 , and the urging force applied to the valve body 68 v by the expansion or contraction of the pressure sensing mechanism 60 .
- the valve body 68 v adjusts the open amount (cross-sectional area) of the discharge passage, that is, the valve hole 65 h .
- the valve body 68 v is seated on the valve seat 65 e , the valve body 68 v is in a closed state and closes the discharge passage.
- the valve body 68 v is separated from the valve seat 65 e , the valve body 68 v is in an open state and opens the discharge passage.
- the inner surface of the lid 52 f includes a stepped recess 75 , which includes a small diameter portion 75 a and a large diameter portion 75 b .
- the small diameter portion 75 a receives a valve open spring 76 .
- the valve open spring 76 urges the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the urging force of the valve open spring 76 is set to be smaller than the urging force of the spring 64 that urges the pressure receiving body 62 and the support body 63 away from each other.
- the pressure receiving body 62 is inserted in the large diameter portion 75 b of the stepped recess 75 .
- a communication passage 77 is formed between the large diameter portion 75 b and the pressure receiving body 62 .
- the communication passage 77 communicates the accommodation chamber 59 and the small diameter portion 75 a.
- the large diameter portion 75 b guides the pressure receiving body 62 in a movement direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the large diameter portion 75 b functions as a guide portion that guides the valve unit 70 in the movement direction of the valve body 68 v.
- the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic solenoid 53 prevails over the urging force of the spring 56 and attracts the movable core 55 toward the fixed core 54 .
- the driving force transmission member 57 presses the valve 68 and decreases the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v .
- an increase in the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v increases the flow rate of the refrigerant gas that flows from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15 a through the second inner passage 21 b , the first inner passage 21 a , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the passage 71 , the accommodation chamber 59 , the valve hole 65 h , the valve chamber 67 , and the passage 72 . Accordingly, the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 approaches the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a.
- a decrease in the difference between the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 and the pressure of the crank chamber 24 moves the end portion 32 a of the movable body 32 toward the fixed body 31 . Consequently, the swash plate 23 pivots about the first pivot M1 in the direction opposite to the direction that increases the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 .
- the pivoting of the swash plate 23 about the first pivot M1 pivots the two ends of the lug arm 40 about the first pivot M1 and the second pivot M2, respectively, in the direction opposite to the direction that increases the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 . Accordingly, the lug arm 40 approaches the flange 39 f of the support 39 .
- the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a is greater than a predetermined pressure (e.g., 0.35 MPaG) when the air conditioning switch 50 s is turned off and the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of the back pressure chamber 58 , which is part of the suction pressure region, would also be greater than the predetermined pressure.
- a predetermined pressure e.g. 0.35 MPaG
- the pressure of the back pressure chamber 58 and the pressure of the valve chamber 67 would urge the valve unit 70 in the close direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the discharge passage communicates the suction chamber 15 a and the control pressure chamber 35 .
- the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 would be greater than the predetermined pressure.
- the refrigerant gas flows into the small diameter portion 75 a from the accommodation chamber 59 through the communication passage 77 . Accordingly, the pressure of the accommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the driving force transmission member 57 .
- the valve unit 70 receives a force in the open direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the valve open spring 76 urges the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v .
- valve open spring 76 moves the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v while the large diameter portion 75 b guides the pressure receiving body 62 in the movement direction of the driving force transmission member 57 . This ensures that the valve 68 is maintained in the open state.
- the refrigerant gas in the control pressure chamber 35 is discharged to the suction chamber 15 a through the second inner passage 21 b , the first inner passage 21 a , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the passage 71 , the accommodation chamber 59 , the valve hole 65 h , the valve chamber 67 , and the passage 72 .
- the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 becomes minimal, and the swash plate 23 is maintained at the minimum inclination angle.
- variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 operates under a minimum displacement condition. Since a situation in which the compressor displacement suddenly increases is avoided, the load on the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 is limited.
- FIG. 6 shows a situation in which the air conditioning switch 50 s is turned on and the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is activated when the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 is greater than the predetermined pressure. Due to the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 , the stopper 62 a of the pressure receiving body 62 is in contact with the stopper 63 a of the support body 63 so that the bellows 61 is contracted to the minimum length. In this situation, the bellows 61 is contracted to the minimum length, and the pressure sensing mechanism 60 does not function to adjust the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v . Thus, the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v can be adjusted just by controlling the amount of current supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid 53 .
- valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v is not affected by the urging force of the pressure sensing mechanism 60 , the valve opening degree of the valve body 68 v may be gradually decreased.
- the air conditioning switch 50 s is turned on, the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 does not suddenly approach the pressure of the discharge chamber 15 b . Since a situation in which the compressor displacement suddenly increases is avoided, the load on the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 is limited.
- the rotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through the clutchless power transmission mechanism PT.
- the rotation shaft 21 receives the rotational driving force from the engine E through the power transmission mechanism PT. This consumes the power of the engine E although the consumed amount is small.
- the electromagnetic solenoid 53 in order to minimize the power consumption of the engine E, it is desirable that the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 operate under the minimum displacement condition, in which the swash plate 23 is maintained at the minimum inclination angle.
- the displacement control valve 50 operates to minimize the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 . This is achieved by opening the valve body 68 v to the maximum degree and discharging the refrigerant gas from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15 a through the discharge passage so that the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 becomes substantially the same as the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a .
- the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a exceeds the predetermined pressure while the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of the back pressure chamber 58 also increases. This may result in the pressure of the back pressure chamber 58 causing the valve body 68 v to close the discharge passage.
- the pressure of the accommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the driving force transmission member 57 .
- the valve body 68 v is kept open, and the refrigerant gas flows from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction chamber 15 a through the second inner passage 21 b , the first inner passage 21 a , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the passage 71 , the accommodation chamber 59 , the valve hole 65 h , the valve chamber 67 , and the passage 72 .
- the pressure of the accommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the driving force transmission member 57 . This applies force to the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v . If the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a exceeds the predetermined pressure when the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a urges the valve unit 70 in the close direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the discharge passage communicates the suction chamber 15 a and the control pressure chamber 35 , the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 is greater than the predetermined pressure.
- the pressure of the accommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the driving force transmission member 57 so that force is applied to the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v .
- This maintains the valve body 68 v in the open state and allows the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 to be substantially the same as the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a .
- the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 can be minimized, and the swash plate 23 can be maintained at the minimum inclination angle.
- the displacement control valve 50 includes the valve open spring 76 that urges the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the valve open spring 76 urges the valve unit 70 in the open direction of the valve body 68 v to ensure that the valve body 68 v opens.
- the displacement control valve 50 includes the large diameter portion 75 b that guides the valve unit 70 in the movement direction of the valve body 68 v .
- the valve unit 70 does not tilt while moving in the movement direction of the valve body 68 v . This allows for smooth movement of the valve unit 70 .
- the double piston swash plate compressor that includes the double-headed pistons 25 cannot use the crank chamber 24 as a control pressure chamber to change the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 like a variable displacement swash plate compressor that includes single-headed pistons.
- the present embodiment changes the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 by changing the pressure of the control pressure chamber 35 defined by the movable body 32 .
- the control pressure chamber 35 is smaller than the crank chamber 24 .
- a smaller amount of refrigerant gas is drawn into the control pressure chamber 35 . This allows for quick changes in the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 .
- the rotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through the clutchless power transmission mechanism PT.
- the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 is lighter and consumes less electric power.
- the present embodiment can minimize the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 and maintain the swash plate 23 at the minimum inclination angle even when the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a is greater than the predetermined pressure when the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated. This ensures that the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 is operated in the minimum displacement condition and thus minimizes the power consumption of the engine E.
- the present embodiment can minimize the inclination angle of the swash plate 23 when the electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated.
- the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 operates in the minimum displacement condition. Since a situation in which the compressor displacement suddenly increases is avoided, the load on the variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 is limited.
- the displacement control valve 50 includes the guide wall 69 that guides the valve 68 in the movement direction of the driving force transmission member 57 .
- the gap 69 s between the guide wall 69 and the valve 68 communicates the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 .
- the guide wall 69 guides the valve 68 and limits tilting of the valve 68 relative to a movement direction of the valve 68 . This ensures that the valve body 68 v closes. Further, the gap 69 s between the guide wall 69 and the valve 68 allows for smooth movement of the valve 68 . This facilitates the operation of the displacement control valve 50 .
- the communication passage 73 communicates the valve chamber 67 and the back pressure chamber 58 .
- the pressure of the back pressure chamber 58 can reach the pressure of the suction chamber 15 a , which is equal to the pressure of the valve chamber 67 , in less time.
- the back pressure chamber 58 may be omitted, and the driving force transmission member 57 and the valve 68 may be formed integrally.
- the valve open spring 76 may be omitted.
- the pressure receiving body 62 does not have to be fitted into the large diameter portion 75 b . That is, the pressure receiving body 62 may be in contact with the inner surface of the lid 52 f.
- the back pressure chamber 58 may be defined by the fixed core 54 and a recess that is formed at a position that surrounds the driving force transmission member 57 in the surface of the end wall 52 e of the valve housing member 52 that faces toward the fixed core 54 .
- the valve chamber 67 may be in communication with the suction chamber 14 a through the passage 72 . Any structure may be employed as long as the discharge passage extends from the control pressure chamber 35 to the suction pressure region.
- the discharge chamber 14 b may be in communication with the control pressure chamber 35 through the restriction 36 a , the communication portion 36 b , the pressure adjustment chamber 15 c , the first inner passage 21 a , and the second inner passage 21 b.
- the cross-sectional area of the valve hole 65 h does not have to be exactly the same as the effective pressure receiving area of the bellows 61 . It is sufficient the areas be substantially the same.
- variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 may receive driving force from the external driving source using a clutch.
- variable displacement swash plate compressor 10 may be a single-headed piston swash plate compressor that uses single-headed pistons.
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Abstract
A variable displacement swash plate compressor includes a control pressure chamber and a displacement control valve that controls the pressure of the control pressure chamber. The displacement control valve includes an electromagnetic solenoid, a driving force transmission member, a valve body, and a pressure sensing mechanism. An accommodation chamber accommodates the pressure sensing. A valve chamber accommodates the valve body having a valve opening degree determined by an urging force applied to the valve body through the driving force transmission member and by an urging force applied to the valve body by the expansion and contraction of the pressure sensing mechanism. The valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism form a valve unit. When the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated, the pressure of the accommodation chamber acts on a back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism so that a force in the open direction is applied to the valve unit.
Description
- The present invention relates to a variable displacement swash plate compressor in which a piston engaged with a swash plate reciprocates with a stroke that is in accordance with the inclination angle of a swash plate.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-190972 discloses a variable displacement swash plate compressor including a movable body that is coupled to a swash plate and capable of changing the inclination angle of the swash plate. The movable body moves in the axial direction of a rotation shaft when control gas is drawn into a control pressure chamber of a housing thereby changing the pressure of the control pressure chamber. The movement of the movable body changes the inclination angle of the swash plate.
- More specifically, when the pressure of the control pressure chamber increases and approaches the pressure of a discharge pressure region, the movable body moves in one direction along the axis of the rotation shaft. This increases the inclination angle of the swash plate. When the pressure of the control pressure chamber decreases and approaches the pressure of a suction pressure region, the movable body moves in the opposite direction along the axis of the rotation shaft. This decreases the inclination angle of the swash plate. The decrease in the inclination angle of the swash plate decreases the stroke of the piston. Accordingly, the displacement of the variable displacement swash plate compressor is decreased. In contrast, an increase in the inclination angle of the swash plate increases the stroke of the piston. Accordingly, the displacement of the variable displacement swash plate compressor is increased. The variable displacement swash plate compressor includes a displacement control valve that controls the pressure of the control pressure chamber.
- In such a variable displacement swash plate compressor, when an air conditioning switch of the vehicle air conditioning device is turned off and an electromagnetic solenoid of the displacement control valve is deactivated, the inclination angle of the swash plate may remain greater than the minimum inclination angle due to a change in the pressure of the suction pressure region. In this case, when the air conditioning switch is turned on and the electromagnetic solenoid is activated again, a sudden increase in the displacement may increase the load on the variable displacement swash plate compressor. Thus, when the air conditioning switch is turned off and the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated, it is desirable that the inclination angle of the swash plate be minimal.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a variable displacement swash plate compressor that is capable of minimizing the inclination angle of a swash plate and maintaining the minimum inclination angle when the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated.
- To achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention is a variable displacement swash plate compressor that includes a housing including a discharge pressure region, of which pressure is a discharge pressure, and a suction pressure region, of which pressure is a suction pressure, a rotation shaft supported by the housing, and a swash plate accommodated in the housing. The swash plate rotates when receiving driving force from the rotation shaft and inclines relative to the rotation shaft at an inclination angle that is variable. A piston is engaged with the swash plate. A movable body is coupled to the swash plate and adapted to vary the inclination angle of the swash plate. A control pressure chamber is defined in the movable body and adapted to move the movable body in an axial direction of the rotation shaft when control gas drawn into the control pressure chamber changes pressure of the control pressure chamber. A discharge passage extends from the control pressure region to the suction pressure region. A displacement control valve is adapted to control the pressure of the control pressure chamber. When the pressure of the control pressure chamber approaches the discharge pressure, the movable body moves toward one axial end of the rotation shaft and increases the inclination angle of the swash plate. When the pressure of the control pressure chamber approaches the suction pressure, the movable body moves toward the other axial end of the rotation shaft and decreases the inclination angle of the swash plate. The piston reciprocates with a stroke that is in accordance with the inclination angle of the swash plate. The displacement control valve includes an electromagnetic solenoid, a driving force transmission member driven by the electromagnetic solenoid, and a valve body adapted to move in an open direction and a close direction, which is opposite to the open direction, to adjust an opening amount of the discharge passage. A pressure sensing mechanism is adapted to expand and contract in movement directions of the valve body in accordance with the suction pressure. The pressure sensing mechanism and the driving force transmission member are located at opposite sides of the valve body. A solenoid housing accommodates the electromagnetic solenoid. A valve housing accommodates the valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism. The valve housing includes an accommodation chamber, which accommodates the pressure sensing mechanism and is in communication with the control pressure chamber, and a valve chamber, which accommodates the valve body and is in communication with the suction pressure region. The valve body has a valve opening degree that is determined by an urging force applied to the valve body through the driving force transmission member when the electromagnetic solenoid is activated and by an urging force applied to the valve body by the expansion and contraction of the pressure sensing mechanism in accordance with the suction pressure. The valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism are formed integrally to form a valve unit. When the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated, the pressure of the accommodation chamber acts on a back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism that is opposite to the driving force transmission member so that a force in the open direction is applied to the valve unit.
- Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention.
- The invention, together with objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description of the presently preferred embodiments together with the accompanying drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment a variable displacement swash plate compressor; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a displacement control valve of the variable displacement swash plate compressor ofFIG. 1 when the inclination angle of the swash plate is minimum; -
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the displacement control valve ofFIG. 2 when the inclination of the swash plate is maximum; -
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the variable displacement swash plate compressor when the inclination angle of the swash plate is maximum; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the displacement control valve when the pressure of the suction chamber exceeds a predetermined pressure when the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated; and -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the displacement control valve when the electromagnetic solenoid is activated when a bellows is contracted. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 to 6 , one embodiment of a variable displacement swash plate compressor will now be described. The variable displacement swash plate compressor is used with a vehicle air conditioning device. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , a variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 includes ahousing 11 that includes afirst cylinder block 12, asecond cylinder block 13, afront housing member 14, and arear housing member 15. Thefirst cylinder block 12, which is located at the front side (one side), and thesecond cylinder block 13, which is located at the rear side (the other side), are coupled to each other. Thefront housing member 14 is coupled to thefirst cylinder block 12. Therear housing member 15 is coupled to thesecond cylinder block 13. - A first valve/
port formation body 16 is arranged between thefront housing member 14 and thefirst cylinder block 12. A second valve/port formation body 17 is arranged between therear housing member 15 and thesecond cylinder block 13. - A
suction chamber 14 a and adischarge chamber 14 b are defined between thefront housing member 14 and the first valve/port formation body 16. Thedischarge chamber 14 b is located radially outward from thesuction chamber 14 a. Asuction chamber 15 a and adischarge chamber 15 b are defined between therear housing member 15 and the second valve/port formation body 17. Therear housing member 15 also defines apressure adjustment chamber 15 c that is located in the central section of therear housing member 15. Thesuction chamber 15 a is located radially outward from thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c. Thedischarge chamber 15 b is located radially outward from thesuction chamber 15 a. Thedischarge chambers discharge chambers - The first valve/
port formation body 16 includessuction ports 16 a (only one shown inFIG. 1 ), which are in communication with thesuction chamber 14 a, and dischargeports 16 b (only one shown inFIG. 1 ), which are in communication with thedischarge chamber 14 b. The second valve/port formation body 17 includessuction ports 17 a (only one shown inFIG. 1 ), which are in communication with thesuction chamber 15 a, and dischargeports 17 b (only one shown inFIG. 1 ), which are in communication with thedischarge chamber 15 b. Thesuction ports discharge ports - A
rotation shaft 21 is rotationally supported in thehousing 11. Therotation shaft 21 extends along an axis L and includes a front axial end (one end) and a rear axial end (the other end) in the direction of an axis L (in the axial direction). The front end section of therotation shaft 21 is located at the front side of thehousing 11 and inserted through ashaft hole 12 h that extends through thefirst cylinder block 12. The front end of therotation shaft 21 is located in thefront housing member 14. The rear end section of therotation shaft 21 is located at the rear side of thehousing 11 and inserted through ashaft hole 13 h that extends through thesecond cylinder block 13. The rear end of therotation shaft 21 is located in thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c. - The front end section of the
rotation shaft 21 is received in theshaft hole 12 h and rotationally supported by thefirst cylinder block 12. The rear end section of therotation shaft 21 is received in theshaft hole 13 h and rotationally supported by thesecond cylinder block 13. Ashaft sealing device 22 is arranged between thefront housing member 14 and therotation shaft 21. Theshaft sealing device 22 is a lip seal. A vehicle engine E, which functions as an external driving source, is operatively coupled to the front end of therotation shaft 21 through a power transmission mechanism PT. In the present embodiment, the power transmission mechanism PT is a clutchless mechanism that constantly transmits power and may be a combination of a belt and a pulley, for example. - The
first cylinder block 12 and thesecond cylinder block 13 define a crankchamber 24 in thehousing 11. Thecrank chamber 24 accommodates aswash plate 23 that is rotated by the driving force received from therotation shaft 21. Theswash plate 23 is inclinable in the axial direction relative to therotation shaft 21. Theswash plate 23 includes aninsertion hole 23 a that receives therotation shaft 21. The insertion of therotation shaft 21 into theinsertion hole 23 a couples theswash plate 23 to therotation shaft 21. - Primary cylinder bores 12 a (only one shown in
FIG. 1 ) extend through thefirst cylinder block 12 around therotation shaft 21 in the axial direction. Each primary cylinder bore 12 a is in communication with thesuction chamber 14 a through the correspondingsuction port 16 a and in communication with thedischarge chamber 14 b through thecorresponding discharge port 16 b. Secondary cylinder bores 13 a (only one shown inFIG. 1 ) extend through thesecond cylinder block 13 around therotation shaft 21 in the axial direction. Each secondary cylinder bore 13 a is in communication with thesuction chamber 15 a through the correspondingsuction port 17 a and in communication with thedischarge chamber 15 b through thecorresponding discharge port 17 b. Each of the primary cylinder bores 12 a located at the front side is paired with a corresponding one of the secondary cylinder bores 13 a located at the rear side. Each of the pairs of the primary cylinder bores 12 a and the secondary cylinder bores 13 a accommodates a double-headedpiston 25 that can reciprocate in the front-rear direction. That is, the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 of the present embodiment is a double-headed piston swash plate compressor. - Each double-headed
piston 25 is engaged with the outer portion of theswash plate 23 by a pair ofshoes 26. The rotation of theswash plate 23 caused by the rotation of therotation shaft 21 is converted to reciprocal linear movement of the double-headedpiston 25 through theshoes 26. The double-headedpiston 25 and the first valve/port formation body 16 define aprimary compression chamber 20 a in each primary cylinder bore 12 a. The double-headedpiston 25 and the second valve/port formation body 17 define asecondary compression chamber 20 b in each secondary cylinder bore 13 a. - The
first cylinder block 12 includes a firstlarge diameter hole 12 b, which is continuous with theshaft hole 12 h and has a larger diameter than theshaft hole 12 h. The firstlarge diameter hole 12 b is in communication with thecrank chamber 24. Asuction passage 12 c, which extends through thefirst cylinder block 12 and the first valve/port formation body 16, communicates thecrank chamber 24 and thesuction chamber 14 a. - The
second cylinder block 13 includes a secondlarge diameter hole 13 b, which is continuous with theshaft hole 13 h and has a larger diameter than theshaft hole 13 h. The secondlarge diameter hole 13 b is in communication with thecrank chamber 24. Asuction passage 13 c, which extends through thesecond cylinder block 13 and the second valve/port formation body 17, communicates thecrank chamber 24 and thesuction chamber 15 a. - The circumferential wall of the
second cylinder block 13 includes asuction inlet 13 s, which is connected to the external refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant gas that is drawn into thecrank chamber 24 from the external refrigerant circuit through thesuction inlet 13 s is then drawn into thesuction chambers suction passages suction chambers crank chamber 24 define a suction pressure region. The pressure of the suction pressure region is referred to as the suction pressure. Thesuction chambers crank chamber 24 have substantially the same pressure. - An annular flange 21 f projects from the
rotation shaft 21 in the firstlarge diameter hole 12 b. A first thrust bearing 27 a is arranged between the flange 21 f and thefirst cylinder block 12 in the axial direction of therotation shaft 21. The rear end portion of therotation shaft 21 is fitted into acylindrical support 39. Anannular flange 39 f extends from the outer circumferential surface of thesupport 39 in the secondlarge diameter hole 13 b. A second thrust bearing 27 b is arranged between theflange 39 f and thesecond cylinder block 13 in the axial direction of therotation shaft 21. - An annular
fixed body 31 is fixed to therotation shaft 21 at a location between the flange 21 f and theswash plate 23. The fixedbody 31 is rotatable integrally with therotation shaft 21. Amovable body 32 is arranged between the flange 21 f and the fixedbody 31. Themovable body 32 is movable relative to the fixedbody 31 in the axial direction of therotation shaft 21. - The
movable body 32 includes anannular end portion 32 a and acylindrical portion 32 b extending from the rim of theend portion 32 a in the axial direction of therotation shaft 21. Theend portion 32 a includes aninsertion hole 32 e that receives therotation shaft 21. The inner surface of thecylindrical portion 32 b can slide on the outer circumference of the fixedbody 31. Themovable body 32 can rotate integrally with therotation shaft 21. A sealingmember 33 seals the gap between the inner surface of thecylindrical portion 32 b and the outer circumference of the fixedbody 31. A sealingmember 34 seals the gap between theend portion 32 a and therotation shaft 21. In addition, acontrol pressure chamber 35 is defined between the fixedbody 31 and themovable body 32. - The
rotation shaft 21 includes a firstinner passage 21 a extending in the axial direction of therotation shaft 21. The rear end of the firstinner passage 21 a opens in thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c. Therotation shaft 21 also includes a secondinner passage 21 b extending in the radial direction of therotation shaft 21. One end of the secondinner passage 21 b is connected to the front end of the firstinner passage 21 a, and the other end of the secondinner passage 21 b opens in thecontrol pressure chamber 35. Thus, the firstinner passage 21 a and the secondinner passage 21 b communicate thecontrol pressure chamber 35 and thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c. - A
lug arm 40 is arranged between theswash plate 23 and theflange 39 f in thecrank chamber 24. Thelug arm 40 is substantially L-shaped. A first end of thelug arm 40 includes aweight 40 a. Thelug arm 40 extends through aslot 23 b in theswash plate 23 so that theweight 40 a is located at the front side of theswash plate 23. - A
first pin 41, which traverses theslot 23 b, couples the first end of thelug arm 40 to the upper side of theswash plate 23, as viewed inFIG. 1 . The axis of thefirst pin 41 functions as a first pivot axis M1. The first end of thelug arm 40 is supported to be pivotable about the first pivot axis M1 relative to theswash plate 23. Asecond pin 42 couples a second end of thelug arm 40 to thesupport 39. The axis of thesecond pin 42 functions as a second pivot axis M2. The second end of thelug arm 40 is supported to be pivotable about the second pivot axis M2 relative to thesupport 39. - A
coupling portion 32 c extends from the distal end of thecylindrical portion 32 b of themovable body 32 toward theswash plate 23. Thecoupling portion 32 c includes amovable body hole 32 h that receives athird pin 43. The lower section of theswash plate 23 as viewed inFIG. 1 includes aswash plate hole 23 h that receives thethird pin 43. Thethird pin 43 couples thecoupling portion 32 c to the lower section of theswash plate 23. - A restriction 36 a extends through the second valve/
port formation body 17. The restriction 36 a is in communication with thedischarge chamber 15 b. In addition, the end surface of thesecond cylinder block 13 that faces toward the second valve/port formation body 17 includes acommunication portion 36 b. Thecommunication portion 36 b is a recess that communicates thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c and the restriction 36 a. Thedischarge chamber 15 b is in communication with thecontrol pressure chamber 35 through the restriction 36 a, thecommunication portion 36 b, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, the firstinner passage 21 a, and the secondinner passage 21 b. Thus, the restriction 36 a, thecommunication portion 36 b, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, the firstinner passage 21 a, and the secondinner passage 21 b form a supply passage extending from thedischarge chamber 15 b to thecontrol pressure chamber 35. The supply passage narrows in the restriction 36 a. That is, the restriction 36 a reduces the cross-sectional area of the supply passage. - The pressure of the
control pressure chamber 35 is adjusted by drawing refrigerant gas into thecontrol pressure chamber 35 from thedischarge chamber 15 b and by discharging the refrigerant gas from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to thesuction chamber 15 a. Thus, the refrigerant gas drawn into thecontrol pressure chamber 35 functions as a control gas that controls the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35. The difference in the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 and the pressure of thecrank chamber 24 moves themovable body 32 relative to the fixedbody 31 in the axial direction of therotation shaft 21. An electromagneticdisplacement control valve 50, which adjusts the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35, is coupled to therear housing member 15. Thedisplacement control valve 50 is electrically connected to acontrol computer 50 c. Thecontrol computer 50 c is connected to anair conditioning switch 50 s, which sends signals to thecontrol computer 50 c. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , thedisplacement control valve 50 includes avalve housing 50 h. Thevalve housing 50 h includes a cylindricalsolenoid housing member 51, a cylindricalvalve housing member 52, and alid 52 f. Thesolenoid housing member 51 accommodates anelectromagnetic solenoid 53. Thevalve housing member 52 is coupled to thesolenoid housing member 51. Thevalve housing member 52 includes anend wall 52 e and an opening, which is located at the opposite side of thesolenoid housing member 51. Thelid 52 f is fitted into and closes the opening of thevalve housing member 52. - The
electromagnetic solenoid 53 includes acoil 53 c, a fixedcore 54, and amovable core 55. When electric current is supplied to thecoil 53 c to energize theelectromagnetic solenoid 53, themovable core 55 is attracted to the fixedcore 54. The fixedcore 54 is arranged between themovable core 55 and thevalve housing member 52. The electromagnetic force of theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 moves themovable core 55 toward the fixedcore 54. Thecontrol computer 50 c controls the activation (duty ratio) of theelectromagnetic solenoid 53. Aspring 56 is arranged between the fixedcore 54 and themovable core 55. Thespring 56 urges themovable core 55 away from the fixedcore 54. - A post-shaped driving
force transmission member 57 is coupled to themovable core 55. The drivingforce transmission member 57 moves integrally with themovable core 55. Aback pressure chamber 58 is defined between theend wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52 and the fixedcore 54. The drivingforce transmission member 57 extends to theback pressure chamber 58 through the fixedcore 54. Theback pressure chamber 58 is defined by theend wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52 and arecess 54 e. Therecess 54 e is formed in the end surface of the fixedcore 54 that faces toward theend wall 52 e and surrounds the drivingforce transmission member 57. - The
valve housing member 52 includes anaccommodation chamber 59 that accommodates apressure sensing mechanism 60. Thepressure sensing mechanism 60 includes a bellows 61, apressure receiving body 62, which is coupled to one end of thebellows 61, asupport body 63, which is coupled to the other end of thebellows 61, and aspring 64, which is located in thebellows 61 and urges thepressure receiving body 62 and thesupport body 63 away from each other. - A stopper 62 a is formed integrally with the
pressure receiving body 62 and located in thebellows 61. In addition, thesupport body 63 includes astopper 63 a extending toward the stopper 62 a of thepressure receiving body 62. The stopper 62 a and thestopper 63 a when in contact with each other set the minimum length of thebellows 61. - The
end wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52 includes arecess 52 a that is continuous with theaccommodation chamber 59. Further, an annularvalve seat member 65 is arranged in theaccommodation chamber 59 near theend wall 52 e. Thevalve seat member 65 includes avalve hole 65 h and is separate from thevalve housing member 52. Thevalve seat member 65 includes a flat surface that faces therecess 52 a and is in contact with astep 52 b of thevalve housing member 52 that connects the inner surface defining theaccommodation chamber 59 and the inner surface defining therecess 52 a. Anannular protrusion 65 a protrudes from the inner section of the end surface of thevalve seat member 65 that faces toward thepressure sensing mechanism 60. Theprotrusion 65 a protrudes toward thepressure sensing mechanism 60. - The
accommodation chamber 59 accommodates aspring 66, which is located between thevalve seat member 65 and thelid 52 f. One end of thespring 66 is connected to thelid 52 f, and the other end is connected to a section of thevalve seat member 65 that is located radially outward from theprotrusion 65 a. Theprotrusion 65 a is located in thespring 66. Thus, theprotrusion 65 a restricts radial movement of thespring 66. Thespring 66 presses thevalve seat member 65 against thestep 52 b and positions thevalve seat member 65. - A
valve chamber 67 is formed between thevalve seat member 65 and theend wall 52 e in thevalve housing member 52. In addition, thevalve housing member 52 accommodates avalve 68 extending through theend wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52. Thevalve 68 extends from theback pressure chamber 58 to theaccommodation chamber 59 through thevalve chamber 67 and thevalve hole 65 h. Thevalve 68 includes avalve body 68 v accommodated in thevalve chamber 67. The end of thevalve 68 that faces toward theaccommodation chamber 59 includes apost-shaped projection 68 a, which is coupled to thesupport body 63. Thus, thevalve 68 is formed integrally with thepressure sensing mechanism 60. Thepressure sensing mechanism 60 and the drivingforce transmission member 57 are located at opposite sides of thevalve body 68 v. The valve 68 (valve body 68 v) and thepressure sensing mechanism 60 are formed integrally with each other as avalve unit 70. - The end surface of the
valve seat member 65 that faces therecess 52 a includes avalve seat 65 e extending around thevalve hole 65 h. Thevalve seat 65 e receives thevalve body 68 v. Thevalve body 68 v opens and closes thevalve hole 65 h by moving toward and away from thevalve seat 65 e. Acylindrical guide wall 69, which is formed in theend wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52, guides thevalve 68 in the movement direction of the drivingforce transmission member 57. Theback pressure chamber 58 is located between theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 and thevalve chamber 67. Agap 69 s formed between theguide wall 69 and thevalve 68 communicates thevalve chamber 67 and theback pressure chamber 58. Theend wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52 includes acommunication passage 73 that communicates thevalve chamber 67 and theback pressure chamber 58. A gap between the drivingforce transmission member 57 and the fixedcore 54 communicates theback pressure chamber 58 and theaccommodation chamber 55 a, which accommodates themovable core 55. - The
accommodation chamber 59 is in communication with thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c through thepassage 71. Thevalve chamber 67 is in communication with thesuction chamber 15 a through thepassage 72. Thus, the secondinner passage 21 b, the firstinner passage 21 a, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, thepassage 71, theaccommodation chamber 59, thevalve hole 65 h, thevalve chamber 67, and thepassage 72 form a discharge passage extending from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to thesuction chamber 15 a. - The cross-sectional area of the
valve hole 65 h, which is opened and closed by thevalve body 68 v, is the same as the effective pressure receiving area of thebellows 61. Thus, when thevalve hole 65 h is closed by thevalve body 68 v, the pressure of theaccommodation chamber 59 does not affect thepressure sensing mechanism 60. The bellows 61 expands and contracts in the movement directions of thevalve body 68 v in accordance with the pressure applied to thevalve 68 in theback pressure chamber 58 and the pressure applied to thevalve body 68 v in thevalve chamber 67. The expansion and contraction of thebellows 61 moves thevalve body 68 v and adjusts the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v. The valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v is determined by the balance of the urging force applied to thevalve body 68 v by the activatedelectromagnetic solenoid 53 through the drivingforce transmission member 57, the urging force of thespring 56, and the urging force applied to thevalve body 68 v by the expansion or contraction of thepressure sensing mechanism 60. - The
valve body 68 v adjusts the open amount (cross-sectional area) of the discharge passage, that is, thevalve hole 65 h. When thevalve body 68 v is seated on thevalve seat 65 e, thevalve body 68 v is in a closed state and closes the discharge passage. When thevalve body 68 v is separated from thevalve seat 65 e, thevalve body 68 v is in an open state and opens the discharge passage. - The inner surface of the
lid 52 f includes a steppedrecess 75, which includes a small diameter portion 75 a and alarge diameter portion 75 b. The small diameter portion 75 a receives a valveopen spring 76. The valveopen spring 76 urges thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. The urging force of the valveopen spring 76 is set to be smaller than the urging force of thespring 64 that urges thepressure receiving body 62 and thesupport body 63 away from each other. Thepressure receiving body 62 is inserted in thelarge diameter portion 75 b of the steppedrecess 75. Acommunication passage 77 is formed between thelarge diameter portion 75 b and thepressure receiving body 62. Thecommunication passage 77 communicates theaccommodation chamber 59 and the small diameter portion 75 a. - When the urging force of the valve
open spring 76 urges thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v, thelarge diameter portion 75 b guides thepressure receiving body 62 in a movement direction of thevalve body 68 v. Thus, thelarge diameter portion 75 b functions as a guide portion that guides thevalve unit 70 in the movement direction of thevalve body 68 v. - The operation of the present embodiment will now be described.
- Referring to
FIG. 3 , when theair conditioning switch 50 s is turned on and theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 of the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 is activated, the electromagnetic force of theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 prevails over the urging force of thespring 56 and attracts themovable core 55 toward the fixedcore 54. As a result, the drivingforce transmission member 57 presses thevalve 68 and decreases the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v. This reduces the flow rate of the refrigerant gas that flows from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to thesuction chamber 15 a through the secondinner passage 21 b, the firstinner passage 21 a, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, thepassage 71, theaccommodation chamber 59, thevalve hole 65 h, thevalve chamber 67, and thepassage 72. Thus, the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 approaches the pressure of thedischarge chamber 15 b due to the refrigerant gas in thecontrol pressure chamber 35 flowing from thedischarge chamber 15 b through the restriction 36 a, thecommunication portion 36 b, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, the firstinner passage 21 a, and the secondinner passage 21 b. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , an increase in the difference between the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 and the pressure of thecrank chamber 24 moves theend portion 32 a of themovable body 32 away from the fixedbody 31. Consequently, theswash plate 23 pivots about the first pivot M1. The pivoting of theswash plate 23 about the first pivot M1 pivots the two ends of thelug arm 40 about the first pivot M1 and the second pivot M2, respectively, and moves thelug arm 40 away from theflange 39 f of thesupport 39. This increases the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 and the stroke of the double-headedpistons 25. Accordingly, the displacement of the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 increases. Themovable body 32 contacts the flange 21 f when the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 becomes maximal. The contact between themovable body 32 and the flange 21 f maintains theswash plate 23 at the maximum inclination angle. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , an increase in the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v increases the flow rate of the refrigerant gas that flows from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to thesuction chamber 15 a through the secondinner passage 21 b, the firstinner passage 21 a, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, thepassage 71, theaccommodation chamber 59, thevalve hole 65 h, thevalve chamber 67, and thepassage 72. Accordingly, the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 approaches the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , a decrease in the difference between the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 and the pressure of thecrank chamber 24 moves theend portion 32 a of themovable body 32 toward the fixedbody 31. Consequently, theswash plate 23 pivots about the first pivot M1 in the direction opposite to the direction that increases the inclination angle of theswash plate 23. The pivoting of theswash plate 23 about the first pivot M1 pivots the two ends of thelug arm 40 about the first pivot M1 and the second pivot M2, respectively, in the direction opposite to the direction that increases the inclination angle of theswash plate 23. Accordingly, thelug arm 40 approaches theflange 39 f of thesupport 39. This decreases the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 and the stroke of the double-headedpistons 25. Thus, the displacement of the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 decreases. Thelug arm 40 contacts theflange 39 f of thesupport 39 when the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 becomes minimal. The contact between thelug arm 40 and theflange 39 f maintains theswash plate 23 at the minimum inclination angle. - If the pressure of the
suction chamber 15 a is greater than a predetermined pressure (e.g., 0.35 MPaG) when theair conditioning switch 50 s is turned off and theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of theback pressure chamber 58, which is part of the suction pressure region, would also be greater than the predetermined pressure. Thus, the pressure of theback pressure chamber 58 and the pressure of thevalve chamber 67 would urge thevalve unit 70 in the close direction of thevalve body 68 v. In this case, the discharge passage communicates thesuction chamber 15 a and thecontrol pressure chamber 35. Thus, the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 would be greater than the predetermined pressure. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , when the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 is greater than the predetermined pressure, the refrigerant gas flows into the small diameter portion 75 a from theaccommodation chamber 59 through thecommunication passage 77. Accordingly, the pressure of theaccommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of thepressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the drivingforce transmission member 57. Thus, thevalve unit 70 receives a force in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. In addition, the valveopen spring 76 urges thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. Thus, the urging force of the valveopen spring 76 moves thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v while thelarge diameter portion 75 b guides thepressure receiving body 62 in the movement direction of the drivingforce transmission member 57. This ensures that thevalve 68 is maintained in the open state. - As a result, the refrigerant gas in the
control pressure chamber 35 is discharged to thesuction chamber 15 a through the secondinner passage 21 b, the firstinner passage 21 a, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, thepassage 71, theaccommodation chamber 59, thevalve hole 65 h, thevalve chamber 67, and thepassage 72. This allows the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to be substantially the same as the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a. Thus, when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 becomes minimal, and theswash plate 23 is maintained at the minimum inclination angle. - Then, when the
air conditioning switch 50 s is turned on and theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is activated again, the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 operates under a minimum displacement condition. Since a situation in which the compressor displacement suddenly increases is avoided, the load on the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 is limited. -
FIG. 6 shows a situation in which theair conditioning switch 50 s is turned on and theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is activated when the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 is greater than the predetermined pressure. Due to the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35, the stopper 62 a of thepressure receiving body 62 is in contact with thestopper 63 a of thesupport body 63 so that thebellows 61 is contracted to the minimum length. In this situation, thebellows 61 is contracted to the minimum length, and thepressure sensing mechanism 60 does not function to adjust the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v. Thus, the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v can be adjusted just by controlling the amount of current supplied to theelectromagnetic solenoid 53. Since the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v is not affected by the urging force of thepressure sensing mechanism 60, the valve opening degree of thevalve body 68 v may be gradually decreased. Thus, when theair conditioning switch 50 s is turned on, the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 does not suddenly approach the pressure of thedischarge chamber 15 b. Since a situation in which the compressor displacement suddenly increases is avoided, the load on the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 is limited. - In the present embodiment, the
rotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through the clutchless power transmission mechanism PT. Thus, even when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, therotation shaft 21 receives the rotational driving force from the engine E through the power transmission mechanism PT. This consumes the power of the engine E although the consumed amount is small. Thus, when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, in order to minimize the power consumption of the engine E, it is desirable that the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 operate under the minimum displacement condition, in which theswash plate 23 is maintained at the minimum inclination angle. - Thus, when the
electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, thedisplacement control valve 50 operates to minimize the inclination angle of theswash plate 23. This is achieved by opening thevalve body 68 v to the maximum degree and discharging the refrigerant gas from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to thesuction chamber 15 a through the discharge passage so that the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 becomes substantially the same as the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a. However, if the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a exceeds the predetermined pressure while theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of theback pressure chamber 58 also increases. This may result in the pressure of theback pressure chamber 58 causing thevalve body 68 v to close the discharge passage. - However, in the present embodiment, the pressure of the
accommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of thepressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the drivingforce transmission member 57. This applies force to thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. Thus, thevalve body 68 v is kept open, and the refrigerant gas flows from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to thesuction chamber 15 a through the secondinner passage 21 b, the firstinner passage 21 a, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, thepassage 71, theaccommodation chamber 59, thevalve hole 65 h, thevalve chamber 67, and thepassage 72. - As a result, when the
electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 becomes substantially the same as the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a. This minimizes the inclination angle of theswash plate 23. Thus, in a structure in which therotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through the clutchless power transmission mechanism PT, even if the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a changes while theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 is minimizes, and theswash plate 23 is maintained at the minimum inclination angle. This ensures that the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 operates under the minimum displacement condition. Consequently, the power consumption of the engine E is minimized. - The advantages of the present embodiment will now be described.
- (1) When the
electromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of theaccommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of thepressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the drivingforce transmission member 57. This applies force to thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. If the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a exceeds the predetermined pressure when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a urges thevalve unit 70 in the close direction of thevalve body 68 v. Here, since the discharge passage communicates thesuction chamber 15 a and thecontrol pressure chamber 35, the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 is greater than the predetermined pressure. Further, the pressure of theaccommodation chamber 59 acts on the back surface of thepressure sensing mechanism 60 that is opposite to the drivingforce transmission member 57 so that force is applied to thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. This maintains thevalve body 68 v in the open state and allows the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to be substantially the same as the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a. Thus, even when the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a changes while theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated, the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 can be minimized, and theswash plate 23 can be maintained at the minimum inclination angle. - (2) The
displacement control valve 50 includes the valveopen spring 76 that urges thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v. Thus, even if the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a increases and urges thevalve unit 70 in the close direction of thevalve body 68 v, the valveopen spring 76 urges thevalve unit 70 in the open direction of thevalve body 68 v to ensure that thevalve body 68 v opens. - (3) The
displacement control valve 50 includes thelarge diameter portion 75 b that guides thevalve unit 70 in the movement direction of thevalve body 68 v. Thus, thevalve unit 70 does not tilt while moving in the movement direction of thevalve body 68 v. This allows for smooth movement of thevalve unit 70. - (4) The double piston swash plate compressor that includes the double-headed
pistons 25 cannot use thecrank chamber 24 as a control pressure chamber to change the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 like a variable displacement swash plate compressor that includes single-headed pistons. Thus, the present embodiment changes the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 by changing the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 35 defined by themovable body 32. Thecontrol pressure chamber 35 is smaller than thecrank chamber 24. Thus, a smaller amount of refrigerant gas is drawn into thecontrol pressure chamber 35. This allows for quick changes in the inclination angle of theswash plate 23. - (5) In the variable displacement
swash plate compressor 10 of the present embodiment, therotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through the clutchless power transmission mechanism PT. Compared to a structure in which therotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through a power transmission mechanism that includes, for example, an electromagnetic clutch, the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 is lighter and consumes less electric power. - (6) In the structure in which the
rotation shaft 21 receives rotational driving force from the engine E through the clutchless power transmission mechanism PT, the present embodiment can minimize the inclination angle of theswash plate 23 and maintain theswash plate 23 at the minimum inclination angle even when the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a is greater than the predetermined pressure when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated. This ensures that the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 is operated in the minimum displacement condition and thus minimizes the power consumption of the engine E. - (7) The present embodiment can minimize the inclination angle of the
swash plate 23 when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is deactivated. Thus, when theelectromagnetic solenoid 53 is activated again, the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 operates in the minimum displacement condition. Since a situation in which the compressor displacement suddenly increases is avoided, the load on the variable displacementswash plate compressor 10 is limited. - (8) The
displacement control valve 50 includes theguide wall 69 that guides thevalve 68 in the movement direction of the drivingforce transmission member 57. Thegap 69 s between theguide wall 69 and thevalve 68 communicates thevalve chamber 67 and theback pressure chamber 58. Theguide wall 69 guides thevalve 68 and limits tilting of thevalve 68 relative to a movement direction of thevalve 68. This ensures that thevalve body 68 v closes. Further, thegap 69 s between theguide wall 69 and thevalve 68 allows for smooth movement of thevalve 68. This facilitates the operation of thedisplacement control valve 50. - (9) The
communication passage 73 communicates thevalve chamber 67 and theback pressure chamber 58. Thus, compared to a structure in which thecommunication passage 73 is not provided and only thegap 69 s between theguide wall 69 and thevalve 68 communicates thevalve chamber 67 and theback pressure chamber 58, for example, the pressure of theback pressure chamber 58 can reach the pressure of thesuction chamber 15 a, which is equal to the pressure of thevalve chamber 67, in less time. - It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Particularly, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in the following forms.
- The
back pressure chamber 58 may be omitted, and the drivingforce transmission member 57 and thevalve 68 may be formed integrally. - The valve
open spring 76 may be omitted. - The
pressure receiving body 62 does not have to be fitted into thelarge diameter portion 75 b. That is, thepressure receiving body 62 may be in contact with the inner surface of thelid 52 f. - The
back pressure chamber 58 may be defined by the fixedcore 54 and a recess that is formed at a position that surrounds the drivingforce transmission member 57 in the surface of theend wall 52 e of thevalve housing member 52 that faces toward the fixedcore 54. - The
valve chamber 67 may be in communication with thesuction chamber 14 a through thepassage 72. Any structure may be employed as long as the discharge passage extends from thecontrol pressure chamber 35 to the suction pressure region. - The
discharge chamber 14 b may be in communication with thecontrol pressure chamber 35 through the restriction 36 a, thecommunication portion 36 b, thepressure adjustment chamber 15 c, the firstinner passage 21 a, and the secondinner passage 21 b. - The cross-sectional area of the
valve hole 65 h does not have to be exactly the same as the effective pressure receiving area of thebellows 61. It is sufficient the areas be substantially the same. - The variable displacement
swash plate compressor 10 may receive driving force from the external driving source using a clutch. - The variable displacement
swash plate compressor 10 may be a single-headed piston swash plate compressor that uses single-headed pistons. - The present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalence of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A variable displacement swash plate compressor comprising:
a housing including a discharge pressure region, of which pressure is a discharge pressure, and a suction pressure region, of which pressure is a suction pressure;
a rotation shaft supported by the housing;
a swash plate accommodated in the housing, wherein the swash plate rotates when receiving driving force from the rotation shaft and inclines relative to the rotation shaft at an inclination angle that is variable;
a piston engaged with the swash plate;
a movable body coupled to the swash plate and adapted to vary the inclination angle of the swash plate;
a control pressure chamber that is defined by the movable body and adapted to move the movable body in an axial direction of the rotation shaft when control gas drawn into the control pressure chamber changes pressure of the control pressure chamber;
a discharge passage extending from the control pressure chamber to the suction pressure region; and
a displacement control valve adapted to control the pressure of the control pressure chamber, wherein
when the pressure of the control pressure chamber approaches the discharge pressure, the movable body moves toward one axial end of the rotation shaft and increases the inclination angle of the swash plate,
when the pressure of the control pressure chamber approaches the suction pressure, the movable body moves toward the other axial end of the rotation shaft and decreases the inclination angle of the swash plate,
the piston reciprocates with a stroke that is in accordance with the inclination angle of the swash plate,
the displacement control valve includes:
an electromagnetic solenoid;
a driving force transmission member driven by the electromagnetic solenoid;
a valve body adapted to move in an open direction and a close direction, which is opposite to the open direction, to adjust an opening amount of the discharge passage;
a pressure sensing mechanism adapted to expand and contract in movement directions of the valve body in accordance with the suction pressure, wherein the pressure sensing mechanism and the driving force transmission member are located at opposite sides of the valve body;
a solenoid housing accommodating the electromagnetic solenoid; and
a valve housing accommodating the valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism,
the valve housing includes an accommodation chamber, which accommodates the pressure sensing mechanism and is in communication with the control pressure chamber, and a valve chamber, which accommodates the valve body and is in communication with the suction pressure region,
the valve body has a valve opening degree that is determined by an urging force applied to the valve body through the driving force transmission member when the electromagnetic solenoid is activated and by an urging force applied to the valve body by the expansion and contraction of the pressure sensing mechanism in accordance with the suction pressure,
the valve body and the pressure sensing mechanism are formed integrally to form a valve unit,
when the electromagnetic solenoid is deactivated, the pressure of the accommodation chamber acts on a back surface of the pressure sensing mechanism that is opposite to the driving force transmission member so that a force in the open direction is applied to the valve unit.
2. The variable displacement swash plate compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the displacement control valve includes a valve open spring that urges the valve unit in the valve open direction.
3. The variable displacement swash plate compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the displacement control valve includes a guide portion that guides the valve unit in the movement directions of the valve body.
4. The variable displacement swash plate compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the piston includes a double-headed piston.
5. The variable displacement swash plate compressor according to claim 1 , wherein the rotation shaft receives rotational driving force from an external driving source through a clutchless power transmission.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2013-212858 | 2013-10-10 | ||
JP2013212858A JP2015075054A (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2013-10-10 | Variable displacement swash plate compressor |
Publications (1)
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US20150104334A1 true US20150104334A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
Family
ID=52738158
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/507,102 Abandoned US20150104334A1 (en) | 2013-10-10 | 2014-10-06 | Variable displacement swash plate compressor |
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US (1) | US20150104334A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2015075054A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102014114447A1 (en) |
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US20150125317A1 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2015-05-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Swash plate type variable displacement compressor |
US20170363080A1 (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2017-12-21 | Henry C. Chu | Control valve for compressor |
CN111480002A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-07-31 | 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 | Capacity control valve |
US11434885B2 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2022-09-06 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve and method for controlling same |
US11454227B2 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2022-09-27 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve |
US11486376B2 (en) | 2017-12-27 | 2022-11-01 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve and method for controlling same |
US11512786B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2022-11-29 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve and control method for capacity control valve |
US11519399B2 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2022-12-06 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve and method for controlling same |
US11542929B2 (en) | 2017-12-14 | 2023-01-03 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve and method for controlling capacity control valve |
US11542930B2 (en) | 2017-02-18 | 2023-01-03 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve |
US11542931B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2023-01-03 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve and capacity control valve control method |
US11603832B2 (en) | 2017-01-26 | 2023-03-14 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve having a throttle valve portion with a communication hole |
US11635152B2 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-04-25 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Capacity control valve |
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EP4194724A4 (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2024-04-24 | Eagle Ind Co Ltd | Valve |
EP4194725A4 (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2024-04-24 | Eagle Ind Co Ltd | Valve |
JPWO2022044880A1 (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 |
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US6382926B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2002-05-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Control valve in variable displacement compressor |
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DE102014114447A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
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