US20150038760A1 - Method for processing radioactively-contaminated water - Google Patents
Method for processing radioactively-contaminated water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20150038760A1 US20150038760A1 US14/061,062 US201314061062A US2015038760A1 US 20150038760 A1 US20150038760 A1 US 20150038760A1 US 201314061062 A US201314061062 A US 201314061062A US 2015038760 A1 US2015038760 A1 US 2015038760A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- contaminated water
- water
- ice
- processing
- radioactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/22—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by freezing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/22—O2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a processing method for decontaminating radioactive substances from radioactively-contaminated water.
- a large amount of contaminated water containing radioactive cesium caused by the accident of the nuclear power plant is generating, therefore, developing an efficient process for decontaminating DCsum from the contaminated water is an urgent task.
- the tolerant level of the radioactive cesium for human body is very low, so it is necessary to infallibly decontaminate the radioactive cesium from the contaminated water at a level of ppb (parts per billion) or ppm (parts per million).
- the radioactive cesium (hereinafter occasionally called simply “cesium”) in the contaminated water is existing in a form of a cesium ion in the solution.
- freeze concentration method is conventionally known as one of the methods for waste water purification treatment for reuse of industrial water or agricultural water (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-153859).
- the freeze concentration method is a method which uses the difference of congeal point of water and solute of a solution to deposit crystal ice in order to heighten the concentration of the residual solution by separating the ice.
- the freeze concentration method is for example, also utilized for generating purified water ice from seawater, and for concentrating fruit juice.
- interface progressive freeze concentration method is known as a method which can separate solutes efficiently with a simple processing system.
- the interface progressive freeze concentration method is a method which grows crystal ice in layered form on a freezing surface by flowing down a test processing liquid on the chilled freezing surface and circulating the test processing liquid (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2009-291673).
- the ion exchange method and the adsorption method have problems that these methods require processing facilities with complicated configuration and special adsorbents, so the cost for the facilities and adsorbents for processing large amount of contaminated water will be high.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a processing method for decontaminating the radioactive substances from the radioactive substance containing contaminated water which can be conducted safely with simple configuration and with no special treatment materials.
- the present invention includes following configurations.
- a method comprising a freeze concentration step of generating ice having lowered concentration of radioactive substance by freezing the water of the radioactive substance containing contaminated water and concentrating the radioactive substances in the residual contaminated water with the interface progressive freeze concentration process.
- the method preferably further comprises a nitrogen substitution step of reducing dissolved oxygen in the contaminated water and adding nitrogen gas to the contaminated water, as a previous step of the freeze concentration step.
- the radioactive substance is radioactive cesium.
- the interface progressive freeze concentration process by applying the interface progressive freeze concentration process to the radioactive substance containing contaminated water, the water of the contaminated water is frozen and the ice which has at least lowered concentration of the radioactive substance is generated.
- the ice of which the radioactive substances are decontaminated can be generated.
- the amount of the former radioactive substance contaminated water can be greatly reduced. This enables to reduce the storage space for the contaminated water.
- the ice can be utilized as it is. Also, by repeating the processing method of the present invention to the water which was generated by melting the ice, the concentration of the radioactive substance can be further lowered.
- a chiller is only required as a minimal facility for generating ice, so it is advantageous that any processing facilities with complicated configuration and any special processing materials are not necessary. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful as a method for processing large amount of contaminated water.
- the nitrogen substitution conducted by reducing the dissolved oxygen in the contaminated water and adding the nitrogen gas to the contaminated water allows the contaminated water to become chemically stable by the inactive nitrogen gas, and even circulating the contaminated water in the freeze concentration process, the contingent chemical reaction caused by the agitation can be prevented.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart schematically showing a basic flow of the method for processing the contaminated water of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the nitrogen substitution step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the freeze concentration step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the discharge step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- the present invention provides a processing method for purifying the contaminated water containing the radioactive substances.
- the target radioactive substances of the present invention are mainly water soluble substances existing in the contaminated water in the form of ion, but it is also effective for water insoluble substances.
- the water soluble radioactive substance is typically cesium 137 , for example.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a schematic flow of a preferred example of the method for processing the contaminated water of the present invention.
- a water storage step is conducted by providing and storing the retrieved contaminated water in an appropriate tank.
- a nitrogen substitution step is conducted by reducing the dissolved oxygen and dissolving nitrogen gas to the contaminated water which is stored.
- the nitrogen substitution step is a preferred step, but not essential.
- a freeze concentration step is conducted by applying the interface progressive freeze concentration process which generates layered ice on a freezing surface by providing the nitrogen substituted contaminated water cyclically like flowing down on the freezing surface chilled at freezing temperature of water.
- a discharge step is conducted by removing the generated ice and the concentrated residual contaminated water.
- the freeze concentration step of step 3 and the discharge step of step 4 may be conducted repeatedly. More specifically, the ice which was removed in step 4 is melted and the freeze concentration step of step 3 is conducted again. As a result of this, the ice with more lowered concentration of the radioactive substance is obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the nitrogen substitution step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- Nitrogen gas generator 12 injects nitrogen gas into the raw contaminated water through nitrogen gas supplying tube 12 a.
- Nitrogen gas generator 12 for example, is comprised of an air compressor which compresses the air and a nitrogen gas extractor which extracts the nitrogen gas from the compressed air.
- the nitrogen gas extractor is provided with, for example, a nitrogen demarcation membrane made of polyimide hollow fiber membrane.
- dissolved oxygen DO is 14.6 mg per liter, but according to the present invention, the dissolved oxygen may be reduced to, for example, approximately 1.0 mg per liter. It can be deemed that the amount of the reduction of the oxygen is almost entirely substituted with the nitrogen.
- the nitrogen substitution test was conducted using an apparatus which is as like as that indicated in FIG. 2 but is smaller scale for test.
- water storage tank 11 was filled with 300 liters of raw water (as this is a test, tap water was used). Then, nitrogen gas was injected into the raw water with 0.2 MPa supplied pressure of nitrogen gas generator 12 for three and a half hours.
- the contaminated water is cooled down to the temperature around 0° C. By cooling, the amount of the nitrogen gas dissolved into the contaminated water will increase.
- chiller 16 and heat exchanger 13 are used as a cooling apparatus. The contaminated water
- water insoluble substances floating in the contaminated water are precipitated.
- the precipitation D accumulated on the bottom of water storage tank 11 is processed separately after nitrogen substituted contaminated water L 1 is discharged.
- water storage tank 11 was filled with 20,000 liters of raw water (sea water of 3% salinity was used for this test). Then, nitrogen gas was injected into the raw water with 0.2 MPa supplied pressure of nitrogen gas generator 12 for eight hours. The raw water was cooled by the chiller 16. After that, the raw water was left still for sixteen and a half hours at 3.0° C.
- the apparatus indicated in FIG. 2 may also be used as a processing apparatus for conducting the freeze concentration step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- the nitrogen substituted contaminated water in water storage tank 11 is cooled to around 0° C. to generate sherbet-like ice in the water.
- the sherbet-like ice As the sherbet-like ice is generated, it will rise to the surface of the water and be accumulated thereon.
- the sherbet-like ice is generated, the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances in the contaminated water are removed to liquid phase. As a result, the concentration of the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances of the contaminated water which did not freeze will be heightened.
- the discharge step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 is conducted by removing the sherbet-like ice from the surface of the water. Consequently, the amount of the contaminated water in the tank 11 is reduced by the amount of the ice removed.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a further example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the freeze concentration step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- the valves in white are indicating opened state and the valves in gray are indicating closed state.
- the interface progressive freeze concentration processing method is applied.
- the interface progressive freeze concentration processing method various techniques for decontaminating solutes as much as possible and generating ice from the purified water, are known. For instance, a method which contrives such as configuration and arrangement of the freezing surface, heat transmission of the freezing surface, and flow rate and flow speed of the solution, or a technique which irradiates ultrasonic waves to the interface of solid phase and liquid phase of the freezing part.
- a method which contrives such as configuration and arrangement of the freezing surface, heat transmission of the freezing surface, and flow rate and flow speed of the solution, or a technique which irradiates ultrasonic waves to the interface of solid phase and liquid phase of the freezing part.
- the methods of which these known techniques for the interface progressive freeze concentration processing method applied to the freeze concentration step of the present invention is also included in the scope of the present invention.
- Water storage tank 21 is provided and filled with nitrogen substituted contaminated water L 1 in water storage tank 11 indicated in FIG. 2 .
- Water storage tank 21 may be also used as water storage tank 11 indicated in FIG. 2 .
- Nitrogen substituted contaminated water L 1 is delivered to sprinkling tube 24 through circulating pipe 23 by pump 22 (refer to black arrow).
- freezing board 33 is situated having a freezing surface situated in a vertical direction. The examples shown in the figures are provided with two freezing boards 33 . Inside of freezing board 33 , a flow channel of cooling medium is formed.
- the cooling medium delivered from chiller 31 is provided to freezing board 33 through valve V 1 and cooling medium supplying tube 32 , and is brought back to chiller 31 by falling down inside of freezing board 33 , and through valve V 2 and cooling medium returning tube 34 .
- Nitrogen substituted contaminated water L 1 is sprinkled from sprinkling tube 24 to near top edge of freezing board 33 , and flows down along the freezing surface. In the course of flowing down, layered ice F is generated on the freezing surface. When ice F is generated, the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances in the contaminated water are removed to liquid phase. As a result, the concentration of the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances of the contaminated water which did not freeze will be heightened. The contaminated water which did not freeze falls down from the bottom edge of freezing board 33 (refer to black arrow). Below freezing board 33 , water vessel 26 is situated.
- the fallen contaminated water passes through throating board 25 which is attached to the surface of water vessel 26 , and the fallen contaminated water is accumulated in pool part 26 a of water vessel 26 .
- Pore 26 b is formed on the bottom face of pool part 26 a. The contaminated water passes through pore 26 b and falls into water storage tank 21 .
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the discharge step of the method for processing indicated in FIG. 1 .
- the processing apparatus it self is same as that of indicated in FIG. 3 .
- valve V 1 to V 5 in FIG. 4 the valves in white are indicating opened state and the valves in gray are indicating closed state.
- valve V 1 After halting the circulation of the contaminated water, to remove ice F generated on freezing board 33 , first of all, valve V 1 is closed and the supply of cooling medium from chiller 31 is stopped. In chiller 31 , high temperature hot gas is generated when the cooling medium is compressed. In the examples shown in the figures, the hot gas is utilized as a heat source for removing ice F. From hot gas heat source 35 , the hot gas passes through valve V 3 and hot gas supplying tube 36 , and the hot gas is delivered to the inside of freezing board 33 . This makes the portion of ice F which contacts with the freezing surface, melts and falls downward. Fallen ice F is crashed adequately on inclined throating board 25 and is discharged to outside.
- the heat source for detaching ice F from freezing board 33 is not limited to the hot gas, but such as a heater may be used.
- the temperature of the hot gas is lowered during it falls inside of freezing board 33 , but by passing through valve V 4 and heat exchanger 37 , the hot gas is heated again and is delivered to hot gas heat source 35 (refer to arrow).
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-157310, filed on Jul. 30, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to a processing method for decontaminating radioactive substances from radioactively-contaminated water.
- A large amount of contaminated water containing radioactive cesium caused by the accident of the nuclear power plant is generating, therefore, developing an efficient process for decontaminating ceisum from the contaminated water is an urgent task. The tolerant level of the radioactive cesium for human body is very low, so it is necessary to infallibly decontaminate the radioactive cesium from the contaminated water at a level of ppb (parts per billion) or ppm (parts per million). The radioactive cesium (hereinafter occasionally called simply “cesium”) in the contaminated water is existing in a form of a cesium ion in the solution. There are methods for decontaminating the cesium ion dissolved in the solution, such as precipitation method, ion exchange method, adsorption method and evaporation method, and in particular, the ion exchange method and the adsorption method are frequently utilized because they are highly-efficient (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2013-40852 and International Publication No. 2013/094711).
- On the other hand, freeze concentration method is conventionally known as one of the methods for waste water purification treatment for reuse of industrial water or agricultural water (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-153859). The freeze concentration method is a method which uses the difference of congeal point of water and solute of a solution to deposit crystal ice in order to heighten the concentration of the residual solution by separating the ice. The freeze concentration method is for example, also utilized for generating purified water ice from seawater, and for concentrating fruit juice. Among various kinds of the freeze concentration methods, interface progressive freeze concentration method is known as a method which can separate solutes efficiently with a simple processing system. The interface progressive freeze concentration method is a method which grows crystal ice in layered form on a freezing surface by flowing down a test processing liquid on the chilled freezing surface and circulating the test processing liquid (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2009-291673).
- As a method for decontaminating cesium ion from the solution, the ion exchange method and the adsorption method have problems that these methods require processing facilities with complicated configuration and special adsorbents, so the cost for the facilities and adsorbents for processing large amount of contaminated water will be high.
- In case of applying the freeze concentration method as a method for decontaminating the cesium ion from the contaminated water, wherein the various substances are mingled, circulation of the contaminated water may results a same function as that of agitation, so it can not deny the possibility of causing a contingent chemical reaction. Therefore, in case of applying the freeze concentration method, it is considered that before the application, the contaminated water has to be chemically stabilized as is possible.
- In light of the above circumstances, the object of the present invention is to provide a processing method for decontaminating the radioactive substances from the radioactive substance containing contaminated water which can be conducted safely with simple configuration and with no special treatment materials.
- In order to solve the problem, the present invention includes following configurations.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, a method comprising a freeze concentration step of generating ice having lowered concentration of radioactive substance by freezing the water of the radioactive substance containing contaminated water and concentrating the radioactive substances in the residual contaminated water with the interface progressive freeze concentration process.
- According to the said aspect, the method preferably further comprises a nitrogen substitution step of reducing dissolved oxygen in the contaminated water and adding nitrogen gas to the contaminated water, as a previous step of the freeze concentration step.
- According to the said aspect, the radioactive substance is radioactive cesium.
- According to the present invention, by applying the interface progressive freeze concentration process to the radioactive substance containing contaminated water, the water of the contaminated water is frozen and the ice which has at least lowered concentration of the radioactive substance is generated. Preferably, according to the present invention, the ice of which the radioactive substances are decontaminated can be generated. By removing the ice generated like this way, the amount of the former radioactive substance contaminated water can be greatly reduced. This enables to reduce the storage space for the contaminated water.
- In case where the amount of the radioactive substances of the ice frozen by the processing method of the present invention is below the prescribed safety standards, then the ice can be utilized as it is. Also, by repeating the processing method of the present invention to the water which was generated by melting the ice, the concentration of the radioactive substance can be further lowered.
- According to the processing method of the present invention, a chiller is only required as a minimal facility for generating ice, so it is advantageous that any processing facilities with complicated configuration and any special processing materials are not necessary. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful as a method for processing large amount of contaminated water.
- Furthermore, as a previous step, the nitrogen substitution conducted by reducing the dissolved oxygen in the contaminated water and adding the nitrogen gas to the contaminated water, allows the contaminated water to become chemically stable by the inactive nitrogen gas, and even circulating the contaminated water in the freeze concentration process, the contingent chemical reaction caused by the agitation can be prevented.
-
FIG. 1 is a flow chart schematically showing a basic flow of the method for processing the contaminated water of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the nitrogen substitution step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the freeze concentration step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the discharge step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . - Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The present invention provides a processing method for purifying the contaminated water containing the radioactive substances. The target radioactive substances of the present invention are mainly water soluble substances existing in the contaminated water in the form of ion, but it is also effective for water insoluble substances. The water soluble radioactive substance is typically cesium 137, for example.
-
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a schematic flow of a preferred example of the method for processing the contaminated water of the present invention. - At first, in step 1, a water storage step is conducted by providing and storing the retrieved contaminated water in an appropriate tank. Next, in
step 2, a nitrogen substitution step is conducted by reducing the dissolved oxygen and dissolving nitrogen gas to the contaminated water which is stored. The nitrogen substitution step is a preferred step, but not essential. Then, instep 3, a freeze concentration step is conducted by applying the interface progressive freeze concentration process which generates layered ice on a freezing surface by providing the nitrogen substituted contaminated water cyclically like flowing down on the freezing surface chilled at freezing temperature of water. When water freezes and generates ice, there is a function that water soluble substances and water insoluble substances are removed from solid phase to liquid phase. As a result of this, the ice with lowered concentration of the radioactive substance is obtained and the radioactive substances are concentrated in the residual solution. At last, instep 4, a discharge step is conducted by removing the generated ice and the concentrated residual contaminated water. - The freeze concentration step of
step 3 and the discharge step ofstep 4 may be conducted repeatedly. More specifically, the ice which was removed instep 4 is melted and the freeze concentration step ofstep 3 is conducted again. As a result of this, the ice with more lowered concentration of the radioactive substance is obtained. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the nitrogen substitution step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . - Water storage tank 11 is filled with the contaminated water which is raw water.
Nitrogen gas generator 12 injects nitrogen gas into the raw contaminated water through nitrogengas supplying tube 12 a.Nitrogen gas generator 12, for example, is comprised of an air compressor which compresses the air and a nitrogen gas extractor which extracts the nitrogen gas from the compressed air. The nitrogen gas extractor is provided with, for example, a nitrogen demarcation membrane made of polyimide hollow fiber membrane. By aerating the nitrogen gas to the contaminated water, the dissolved oxygen in the contaminated water is reduced and the dissolved nitrogen is increased. That is to say, the oxygen is substituted with the nitrogen. Generally, when the water temperature is at 0° C., dissolved oxygen DO is 14.6 mg per liter, but according to the present invention, the dissolved oxygen may be reduced to, for example, approximately 1.0 mg per liter. It can be deemed that the amount of the reduction of the oxygen is almost entirely substituted with the nitrogen. - More specifically, the relation between water temperature and dissolved oxygen is as follows.
-
Water temperature (° C.) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 0 14.6 10 10.9 20 8.8 - <First Test>
- The nitrogen substitution test was conducted using an apparatus which is as like as that indicated in
FIG. 2 but is smaller scale for test. - First, water storage tank 11 was filled with 300 liters of raw water (as this is a test, tap water was used). Then, nitrogen gas was injected into the raw water with 0.2 MPa supplied pressure of
nitrogen gas generator 12 for three and a half hours. - As indicated in the result of the test, dissolved oxygen in water is greatly reduced by injecting nitrogen gas into water.
- Furthermore, during the nitrogen substitution step, it is preferred that the contaminated water is cooled down to the temperature around 0° C. By cooling, the amount of the nitrogen gas dissolved into the contaminated water will increase. As a cooling apparatus, chiller 16 and
heat exchanger 13 are used. The contaminated water -
Time Water temperature (° C.) Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) start time 8.4 4.99 after 1 hour 9.1 3.13 after 2 hours 9.6 3.02 after 3 and 1/2 hours 9.2 1.36
is circulated between water storage tank 11 andheat exchanger 13 bypump 14 and circulating pipe 15. - In water storage tank 11, it is preferred that water insoluble substances floating in the contaminated water are precipitated. The precipitation D accumulated on the bottom of water storage tank 11 is processed separately after nitrogen substituted contaminated water L1 is discharged.
- <Second Test>
- Another nitrogen substitution test was conducted using the apparatus indicated in
FIG. 2 . - First, water storage tank 11 was filled with 20,000 liters of raw water (sea water of 3% salinity was used for this test). Then, nitrogen gas was injected into the raw water with 0.2 MPa supplied pressure of
nitrogen gas generator 12 for eight hours. The raw water was cooled by the chiller 16. After that, the raw water was left still for sixteen and a half hours at 3.0° C. -
-
Dissolved Time Water temperature (° C.) oxygen (mg/L) start time 20.6 5.21 after 1 hour 18.1 3.15 after 2 hours 15.6 1.85 after 3 hours 12.9 1.29 after 4 hour 10.6 1.09 after 5 hours 8.5 0.91 after 6 hours 6.5 0.84 after 7 hours 4.9 0.76 after 8 hours 3.2 0.70 after 16 and 1/2 hours 3.0 0.70
As indicated in the result of the test, dissolved oxygen in water is greatly reduced by injecting nitrogen gas into sea water. - The apparatus indicated in
FIG. 2 may also be used as a processing apparatus for conducting the freeze concentration step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . After the nitrogen substitution step, the nitrogen substituted contaminated water in water storage tank 11 is cooled to around 0° C. to generate sherbet-like ice in the water. As the sherbet-like ice is generated, it will rise to the surface of the water and be accumulated thereon. When the sherbet-like ice is generated, the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances in the contaminated water are removed to liquid phase. As a result, the concentration of the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances of the contaminated water which did not freeze will be heightened. Then, the discharge step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 is conducted by removing the sherbet-like ice from the surface of the water. Consequently, the amount of the contaminated water in the tank 11 is reduced by the amount of the ice removed. -
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a further example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the freeze concentration step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . With respect to valve V1 to V5 inFIG. 3 , the valves in white are indicating opened state and the valves in gray are indicating closed state. Preferably, in the freeze concentration step, the interface progressive freeze concentration processing method is applied. - For the interface progressive freeze concentration processing method, various techniques for decontaminating solutes as much as possible and generating ice from the purified water, are known. For instance, a method which contrives such as configuration and arrangement of the freezing surface, heat transmission of the freezing surface, and flow rate and flow speed of the solution, or a technique which irradiates ultrasonic waves to the interface of solid phase and liquid phase of the freezing part. The methods of which these known techniques for the interface progressive freeze concentration processing method applied to the freeze concentration step of the present invention is also included in the scope of the present invention.
-
Water storage tank 21 is provided and filled with nitrogen substituted contaminated water L1 in water storage tank 11 indicated inFIG. 2 .Water storage tank 21 may be also used as water storage tank 11 indicated inFIG. 2 . Nitrogen substituted contaminated water L1 is delivered to sprinklingtube 24 through circulatingpipe 23 by pump 22 (refer to black arrow). Below sprinklingtube 24, freezingboard 33 is situated having a freezing surface situated in a vertical direction. The examples shown in the figures are provided with two freezingboards 33. Inside of freezingboard 33, a flow channel of cooling medium is formed. In the freeze concentration step, the cooling medium delivered fromchiller 31 is provided to freezingboard 33 through valve V1 and cooling medium supplyingtube 32, and is brought back tochiller 31 by falling down inside of freezingboard 33, and through valve V2 and cooling medium returningtube 34. - Nitrogen substituted contaminated water L1 is sprinkled from sprinkling
tube 24 to near top edge of freezingboard 33, and flows down along the freezing surface. In the course of flowing down, layered ice F is generated on the freezing surface. When ice F is generated, the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances in the contaminated water are removed to liquid phase. As a result, the concentration of the water soluble substances and the water insoluble substances of the contaminated water which did not freeze will be heightened. The contaminated water which did not freeze falls down from the bottom edge of freezing board 33 (refer to black arrow). Below freezingboard 33,water vessel 26 is situated. The fallen contaminated water passes throughthroating board 25 which is attached to the surface ofwater vessel 26, and the fallen contaminated water is accumulated inpool part 26 a ofwater vessel 26.Pore 26 b is formed on the bottom face ofpool part 26 a. The contaminated water passes throughpore 26 b and falls intowater storage tank 21. - As the circulation of the contaminated water is repeated, ice F is getting thicker, and the whole amount of the contaminated water L1 will be reduced and the contaminated substances will be concentrated.
-
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a processing apparatus used for conducting the discharge step of the method for processing indicated inFIG. 1 . The processing apparatus it self is same as that of indicated inFIG. 3 . With respect to valve V1 to V5 inFIG. 4 , the valves in white are indicating opened state and the valves in gray are indicating closed state. - After halting the circulation of the contaminated water, to remove ice F generated on freezing
board 33, first of all, valve V1 is closed and the supply of cooling medium fromchiller 31 is stopped. Inchiller 31, high temperature hot gas is generated when the cooling medium is compressed. In the examples shown in the figures, the hot gas is utilized as a heat source for removing ice F. From hotgas heat source 35, the hot gas passes through valve V3 and hotgas supplying tube 36, and the hot gas is delivered to the inside of freezingboard 33. This makes the portion of ice F which contacts with the freezing surface, melts and falls downward. Fallen ice F is crashed adequately oninclined throating board 25 and is discharged to outside. The heat source for detaching ice F from freezingboard 33 is not limited to the hot gas, but such as a heater may be used. - The temperature of the hot gas is lowered during it falls inside of freezing
board 33, but by passing through valve V4 andheat exchanger 37, the hot gas is heated again and is delivered to hot gas heat source 35 (refer to arrow). - On the one hand, ice F is discharged, but on the other hand, the residual contaminated water in
water storage tank 21 became concentrated contaminated water L2 with high concentration of contaminated substance. The amount of concentrated contaminated water L2 is reduced for the amount of water which was turned into the ice, compared to nitrogen substituted contaminated water L1 inFIG. 3 . Concentrated contaminated water L2 is discharged from valve V5, and stored or processed separately.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013-0157310 | 2013-07-30 | ||
JP2013157310 | 2013-07-30 | ||
JP2013-157310 | 2013-07-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150038760A1 true US20150038760A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
US8956542B1 US8956542B1 (en) | 2015-02-17 |
Family
ID=52355335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/061,062 Active 2033-10-31 US8956542B1 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2013-10-23 | Method for processing radioactively-contaminated water |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8956542B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5935782B2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3009301B1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3098545A1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-11-30 | Showa Freezing Plant Co., Ltd. | System and method for producing block ice treated with nitrogen substitution |
FR3036699A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-02 | Nobuyoshi Morimoto | METHOD FOR TREATING RADIATION-CONTAMINATED WATER AND METHOD FOR TREATING NUCLEAR PLANT SEALING |
US20170100684A1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-13 | E. David Jones | Water Reclaiming Container |
CN112466486A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-09 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Deoxygenation method for connecting waste heat discharge system to reactor coolant system |
WO2022125772A1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-16 | Atkins Energy Products & Technology, Llc | System and method for treating fluid containing radiological material |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009123350A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2009-10-08 | 株式会社 城 | Method and device for crystal filtration |
CN112489846A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-12 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | System and method for treating radioactive waste liquid containing chlorine ions |
Citations (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3712075A (en) * | 1969-12-30 | 1973-01-23 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Apparatus for performing the immiscible refrigerant freeze process for purifying water |
US3859069A (en) * | 1971-06-17 | 1975-01-07 | Pacific Lighting Service Co | Vacuum freezing vapor compression apparatus |
US3864932A (en) * | 1973-06-12 | 1975-02-11 | Pioneer Science Limited | Sea water desalting apparatus |
US3892662A (en) * | 1973-08-01 | 1975-07-01 | Daniels Gerald C | Closed recycling system for water purification and waste reduction |
US3897409A (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1975-07-29 | Bayer Ag | Freeze concentration of aqueous solutions of heat-labile substances |
US3916018A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1975-10-28 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Separation of paraxylene |
US4046534A (en) * | 1973-04-26 | 1977-09-06 | Maguire Sr James B | Method for recovering fresh water from brine |
US4392959A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1983-07-12 | Coillet Dudley W | Process for sterilization and removal of inorganic salts from a water stream |
US4493719A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1985-01-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method of separation by fractional crystallization from a liquid mixture |
US4713102A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1987-12-15 | Insta, Inc. | Method of concentrating multicomponent liquid products |
US4795571A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1989-01-03 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Purification of frozen crystal layers |
US4810274A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1989-03-07 | Cheng Chen Yen | Vacuum freezing ambient pressure melting (VFAPM) process and sub-triple point vapor processing unit for use therein |
US5028240A (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-07-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Separation and concentration of lower alcohols from dilute aqueous solutions |
US5055237A (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1991-10-08 | Technology International Incorporated | Method of compacting low-level radioactive waste utilizing freezing and electrodialyzing concentration processes |
US5060483A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1991-10-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Twin rinse columns for freeze concentration of rinsable concentrates |
US5394706A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1995-03-07 | Waterworks International, Inc. | Freeze crystallization for the removal of water from a solution of dissolved solids |
US5443733A (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1995-08-22 | Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus Gmbh | Method and apparatus for treating waste water |
US5546763A (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1996-08-20 | Jgc Corporation | Method of and apparatus for crystallization |
US5935534A (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1999-08-10 | Jgc Corporation | Crystallization method |
US6076364A (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-06-20 | Stripp; Heinz G | Ship with snow making capabilities utilizing seawater |
US6247321B1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2001-06-19 | Niro Process Technology, B.V. | Method and apparatus for freezeconcentrating substances |
US20050056599A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-17 | Wilsak Richard A. | Solid-liquid separation process |
US20110079044A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-04-07 | Masahiro Teduka | Method and apparatus using deliquescent filter for separating mixture |
US8034312B2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2011-10-11 | Niro Process Technology B.V. | Purification of phosphoric acid rich streams |
US8245521B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2012-08-21 | Nagarjuna Energy Private Limited | Process and apparatus for concentrating dilute solution |
Family Cites Families (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2147222A (en) * | 1934-01-22 | 1939-02-14 | Naamlooze Vennootschap Vereeni | Process for the gradual separation of mixtures according to the countercurrent principle |
US2851368A (en) * | 1953-09-28 | 1958-09-09 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Crystal purification |
US2835598A (en) * | 1954-12-30 | 1958-05-20 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Separation by crystallization |
US3477241A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | 1969-11-11 | Carrier Corp | System for rendering a saline solution potable |
NL111824C (en) * | 1955-06-28 | |||
US3073131A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | 1963-01-15 | Carrier Corp | Method and apparatus for rendering saline water potable |
US3049889A (en) * | 1958-01-02 | 1962-08-21 | Carrier Corp | Method and apparatus for rendering brine solution potable |
US3070969A (en) * | 1960-07-11 | 1963-01-01 | Carrier Corp | Separation systems |
USRE25940E (en) * | 1961-01-30 | 1965-12-14 | Means pop freezing exposure of salt water purification system | |
US3250081A (en) * | 1962-12-26 | 1966-05-10 | Donald F Othmer | Process for freezing water from solutions to make fresh water or concentrated solutions |
US3292386A (en) * | 1963-06-04 | 1966-12-20 | Desalination Plants | Freeze concentration apparatus with a tangential feed |
US3314881A (en) * | 1963-07-12 | 1967-04-18 | Sidney B Tuwiner | Water extraction by freezing |
NL135029C (en) * | 1963-12-04 | |||
US3277667A (en) * | 1964-06-03 | 1966-10-11 | Struthers Scientific Int Corp | Freezing |
US3342039A (en) * | 1965-02-08 | 1967-09-19 | Desalination Plants | Separation systems and apparatus |
US3442801A (en) * | 1965-11-26 | 1969-05-06 | James H Anderson | Process and apparatus for separating water from an aqueous solution |
GB1196601A (en) * | 1966-07-15 | 1970-07-01 | Struthers Scientific Int Corp | Freeze Concentration of Coffee |
AT279547B (en) * | 1967-04-14 | 1970-03-10 | Buchs Metallwerk Ag | Method and device for separating or purifying molten, liquid or dissolved substances by fractional crystallization |
US3599701A (en) * | 1968-07-30 | 1971-08-17 | Kema Nord Ab | Crystallization method |
US3628344A (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1971-12-21 | Alfred T King | Apparatus and method for concentration of liquid bearing solids by freezing |
US3664145A (en) * | 1969-10-13 | 1972-05-23 | Wallace E Johnson | Vacuum-freezing, ejector absorption solution separation systems and methods |
US3817051A (en) * | 1971-06-17 | 1974-06-18 | Pacific Lighting Service Co | Vacuum freezing, vapor compression apparatus |
US3992900A (en) * | 1973-03-27 | 1976-11-23 | Avco Corporation | Plural stage freeze crystallization with wash-water/concentrate interface control |
US3885399A (en) * | 1973-03-27 | 1975-05-27 | Robert J Campbell | Means for and method of purifying contaminated water |
US4040973A (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1977-08-09 | Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia Izotop Intezete | Process and apparatus for the concentration and storage of liquid radioactive wastes |
US4143524A (en) * | 1974-12-06 | 1979-03-13 | Douwe Egberts Koninklijke Tabaksfabriek-Koffiebranderijen-Theehandel B.V. | Process and apparatus for separating crystallizable materials from a multi-component system |
US4112702A (en) * | 1976-02-23 | 1978-09-12 | Leonard Fedorovich Smirnov | Freeze desalination and concentration apparatus |
US4091635A (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1978-05-30 | Avco Corporation | Apparatus for concentrating a feed stream |
ZA80554B (en) * | 1979-02-22 | 1981-02-25 | Douwe Egberts Tabaksfab | Counter current crystallization process |
US4457769A (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1984-07-03 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Freeze concentration apparatus and process |
US4314455A (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1982-02-09 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Freeze concentration apparatus and process |
US4286436A (en) * | 1980-06-16 | 1981-09-01 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Falling film freeze exchanger |
GB2082081B (en) * | 1980-07-24 | 1984-04-26 | Douwe Egberts Tabaksfab | Process for countercurrent crystallization with recirculation |
US4459144A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1984-07-10 | Grasso's Koniklijke Machine Fabrieken, N.V. | Multi-stage counter-current concentration system and method |
US4430104A (en) * | 1980-10-30 | 1984-02-07 | Grasso's Koniklijke Machine Fabrieken, N.V. | Multi-stage countercurrent concentrating system and method and separator |
US4406679A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-09-27 | Concentration Specialists, Inc. | Apparatus for and method of preparing crystals for washing |
US4372766A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-02-08 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Apparatus and method for concentrating a liquid mixture by freezing the solvent |
NL8200075A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1983-08-01 | Tno | METHOD FOR CONTINUALLY PARTIAL CRYSTALIZATION AND SEPARATION OF A LIQUID MIXTURE AND AN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS. |
US4405349A (en) * | 1982-05-20 | 1983-09-20 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Indirect-direct freeze exchange concentrator and method |
US4453960A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1984-06-12 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Company | Liquid-solid separation apparatus and method |
JPS5966305A (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-14 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Counterflow type cooling and purifying method for molten substance |
US4557741A (en) * | 1984-02-13 | 1985-12-10 | Grasso's Koniklyke Machine Fabriekon N.V. | Gradient column freeze concentration system |
US4572785A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1986-02-25 | Melvin Braaten | Water purifier unit |
EP0191194A1 (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-08-20 | Gist-Brocades N.V. | Apparatus and process for separating solid particles from a liquid suspension and/or for the purification or leaching of solid particles |
US4952339A (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1990-08-28 | Nuclear Packaging, Inc. | Dewatering nuclear wastes |
US4666484A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1987-05-19 | Cbi Industries, Inc. | Multi-stage freeze concentrating process and apparatus |
US4799945A (en) * | 1987-10-27 | 1989-01-24 | Polar Spring Corporation | Dual freezing chamber system and method for water purification |
US4830645A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1989-05-16 | Nestec S.A. | Freeze concentration system and method |
US5127921A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-07-07 | Griffiths Kenneth F | Multistage recrystallization for superpurifying crystallizable substances |
FI81501C (en) * | 1988-09-28 | 1990-11-12 | Inventio Oy | Procedure for icing |
US4936114A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1990-06-26 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company | Apparatus and method of freeze concentrating aqueous waste and process streams to separate water from precipitable salts |
JPH03104899U (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-10-30 | ||
US5037463A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-08-06 | Chicago Bridge & Iron Technical Services Company | Freeze concentration and precipitate removal system |
US5466266A (en) * | 1993-06-17 | 1995-11-14 | Griffiths; Kenneth F. | Closed system multistage superpurification recrystallization |
US5400619A (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-03-28 | Technology International Incorporated | Freezing purification system and method for decontamination and desalination of water |
US5470473A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-11-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Rotary vacuum filtration drum with valved hopper cake treatment means |
TW304890B (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1997-05-11 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | |
JP3397290B2 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2003-04-14 | 藤沢薬品工業株式会社 | Apparatus for freezing and concentrating aqueous solution, apparatus for generating icicle and method for freezing and concentrating aqueous solution |
US6305178B1 (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2001-10-23 | Yuping Shi | Continuous system of freeze concentration for aqueous solutions |
US6305189B1 (en) * | 1999-09-27 | 2001-10-23 | Crytec, Ltd. | Method and installation for continuous crystallization of liquids by freezing |
EP1094047A1 (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-04-25 | Technische Universiteit Delft | Crystallisation of materials from aqueous solutions |
JP4243912B2 (en) * | 2000-07-05 | 2009-03-25 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | Method for recovering crystals from slurry |
JP3866029B2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2007-01-10 | 株式会社かんしょ利用技術研究所 | Freeze-thaw separation method |
FR2864794B1 (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2006-05-19 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR PARTIALLY CRYSTALLIZING A SOLUTION AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME |
US20050279129A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-22 | Muchnik Boris J | Apparatus and method for seperating tritiated and heavy water from light water |
US8695360B2 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2014-04-15 | Ben M. Enis | Desalination method and system using compressed air energy systems |
JP2009291673A (en) | 2008-06-02 | 2009-12-17 | Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd | Progressive-freeze concentration method |
JP5967748B2 (en) | 2011-08-16 | 2016-08-10 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | Mesoporous silica supporting cesium ion adsorbing compound and cesium collector, cesium recovery method, cesium ion collector, cesium ion concentration sensor and cesium removal filter using the same |
WO2013094711A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-27 | Jnc株式会社 | Method for removing cesium ions in aqueous solution employing magnetic particles |
-
2013
- 2013-10-23 US US14/061,062 patent/US8956542B1/en active Active
- 2013-10-24 JP JP2013220745A patent/JP5935782B2/en active Active
- 2013-10-30 FR FR1360608A patent/FR3009301B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3712075A (en) * | 1969-12-30 | 1973-01-23 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Apparatus for performing the immiscible refrigerant freeze process for purifying water |
US3859069A (en) * | 1971-06-17 | 1975-01-07 | Pacific Lighting Service Co | Vacuum freezing vapor compression apparatus |
US3897409A (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1975-07-29 | Bayer Ag | Freeze concentration of aqueous solutions of heat-labile substances |
US3916018A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1975-10-28 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Separation of paraxylene |
US4046534A (en) * | 1973-04-26 | 1977-09-06 | Maguire Sr James B | Method for recovering fresh water from brine |
US3864932A (en) * | 1973-06-12 | 1975-02-11 | Pioneer Science Limited | Sea water desalting apparatus |
US3892662A (en) * | 1973-08-01 | 1975-07-01 | Daniels Gerald C | Closed recycling system for water purification and waste reduction |
US4493719A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1985-01-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method of separation by fractional crystallization from a liquid mixture |
US4392959A (en) * | 1981-05-15 | 1983-07-12 | Coillet Dudley W | Process for sterilization and removal of inorganic salts from a water stream |
US4713102A (en) * | 1984-10-04 | 1987-12-15 | Insta, Inc. | Method of concentrating multicomponent liquid products |
US4795571A (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1989-01-03 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Purification of frozen crystal layers |
US4810274A (en) * | 1989-03-06 | 1989-03-07 | Cheng Chen Yen | Vacuum freezing ambient pressure melting (VFAPM) process and sub-triple point vapor processing unit for use therein |
US5028240A (en) * | 1990-01-24 | 1991-07-02 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Separation and concentration of lower alcohols from dilute aqueous solutions |
US5055237A (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1991-10-08 | Technology International Incorporated | Method of compacting low-level radioactive waste utilizing freezing and electrodialyzing concentration processes |
US5060483A (en) * | 1990-10-04 | 1991-10-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Twin rinse columns for freeze concentration of rinsable concentrates |
US5443733A (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1995-08-22 | Daimler-Benz Aerospace Airbus Gmbh | Method and apparatus for treating waste water |
US5394706A (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1995-03-07 | Waterworks International, Inc. | Freeze crystallization for the removal of water from a solution of dissolved solids |
US5546763A (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1996-08-20 | Jgc Corporation | Method of and apparatus for crystallization |
US5935534A (en) * | 1995-12-01 | 1999-08-10 | Jgc Corporation | Crystallization method |
US6247321B1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2001-06-19 | Niro Process Technology, B.V. | Method and apparatus for freezeconcentrating substances |
US6076364A (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-06-20 | Stripp; Heinz G | Ship with snow making capabilities utilizing seawater |
US20050056599A1 (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-03-17 | Wilsak Richard A. | Solid-liquid separation process |
US8034312B2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2011-10-11 | Niro Process Technology B.V. | Purification of phosphoric acid rich streams |
US8245521B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2012-08-21 | Nagarjuna Energy Private Limited | Process and apparatus for concentrating dilute solution |
US20110079044A1 (en) * | 2008-04-04 | 2011-04-07 | Masahiro Teduka | Method and apparatus using deliquescent filter for separating mixture |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3098545A1 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2016-11-30 | Showa Freezing Plant Co., Ltd. | System and method for producing block ice treated with nitrogen substitution |
FR3036699A1 (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-02 | Nobuyoshi Morimoto | METHOD FOR TREATING RADIATION-CONTAMINATED WATER AND METHOD FOR TREATING NUCLEAR PLANT SEALING |
US20170100684A1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-13 | E. David Jones | Water Reclaiming Container |
US9849409B2 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-12-26 | E. David Jones | Water reclaiming container |
CN112466486A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-09 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Deoxygenation method for connecting waste heat discharge system to reactor coolant system |
WO2022125772A1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-16 | Atkins Energy Products & Technology, Llc | System and method for treating fluid containing radiological material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5935782B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
FR3009301A1 (en) | 2015-02-06 |
JP2015045624A (en) | 2015-03-12 |
US8956542B1 (en) | 2015-02-17 |
FR3009301B1 (en) | 2020-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8956542B1 (en) | Method for processing radioactively-contaminated water | |
US3420775A (en) | Prevention of scale in saline water evaporators using carbon dioxide under special conditions | |
JP3415650B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for purifying wastewater, especially in airplanes | |
US4814086A (en) | Method and apparatus for fluid treatment by reverse osmosis | |
US10329166B2 (en) | Evaporative treatment method for aqueous solution | |
JP2004501748A (en) | Desalination fractionator using artificial pressurized assist device where input water cooling is controlled by hydrate dissociation | |
WO2015107958A1 (en) | Reclaiming device and method, and recovery device for co2 or h2s or both | |
KR101387136B1 (en) | Method of desalination and desalination apparatus | |
US20150027165A1 (en) | Methods, Devices, and Systems for the Separation and Concentration of Isotopologues | |
JP6982869B2 (en) | Hydrogen-containing ice and its manufacturing method | |
Dastgerdi et al. | A new zero-liquid-discharge brine concentrator using a cascaded fluidised bed ice slurry generator | |
US5055237A (en) | Method of compacting low-level radioactive waste utilizing freezing and electrodialyzing concentration processes | |
JP5218895B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for transporting hot spring water or geothermal water that does not cause carbonate scale failure | |
JPH03164419A (en) | Treatment of gaseous carbon dioxide | |
KR20160061716A (en) | Ballast water neutralizing apparatus | |
JP2006212540A (en) | Treatment method of chemical-washing waste liquid | |
JP2013156130A (en) | Radioactive waste liquid treatment method and radioactive waste liquid treatment apparatus | |
JP2017074558A (en) | Removing device and removing method of tritium | |
KR101470620B1 (en) | Ion exchange softening device for removing evaporation residue and hardness of water | |
Epimakhov et al. | Reverse-osmosis filtration based water treatment and special water purification for nuclear power systems | |
KR101624257B1 (en) | Phosphorus removal, recovery apparatus and method thereof | |
ES2761705T3 (en) | Multi-stage activated carbon systems and recirculating current procedures | |
JP2003290639A (en) | Oxygen injection device | |
RU2776583C1 (en) | Method for concentration of inorganic liquid radioactive waste | |
KR101163344B1 (en) | A Method for Treatment of Ballast Water of Ship Using Electrolysis Unit |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SHOWA FREEZING PLANT CO., LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WAKAYAMA, TOSHITSUGI;WAKAYAMA, SEIKO;REEL/FRAME:031570/0480 Effective date: 20131031 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2551) Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
MAFP | Maintenance fee payment |
Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY Year of fee payment: 8 |