US20150021232A1 - High power fuel compositions - Google Patents

High power fuel compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US20150021232A1
US20150021232A1 US14/330,476 US201414330476A US2015021232A1 US 20150021232 A1 US20150021232 A1 US 20150021232A1 US 201414330476 A US201414330476 A US 201414330476A US 2015021232 A1 US2015021232 A1 US 2015021232A1
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fischer
tropsch derived
base oil
density
tropsch
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US14/330,476
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Inventor
Richard Hugh CLARK
James Patrick EWEN
Robert Wilfred Matthews Wardle
Balasubramanian CHINNUSAMY
Paul Anthony Stevenson
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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Assigned to SHELL OIL COMPANY reassignment SHELL OIL COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CLARK, RICHARD HUGH, STEVENSON, PAUL ANTHONY, CHINNUSAMY, Balasubramanian, WARDLE, ROBERT WILFRED MATTHEWS, EWEN, JAMES PATRICK
Publication of US20150021232A1 publication Critical patent/US20150021232A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
    • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
    • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C10L2200/0492—Fischer-Tropsch products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
    • C10L2300/30—Mixture of three components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates high power fuel compositions prepared by blending a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel with a Fischer-Tropsch (GTL) derived gasoil and a Fischer-Tropsch (GTL) derived base oil, and to the use of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in said fuel compositions.
  • GTL Fischer-Tropsch
  • GTL Fischer-Tropsch
  • High viscosity fuels can be formulated by blending high viscosity components such as disclosed in WO2005/054411 into conventional diesel. However, there is a limit on how much can be blended whilst adhering to limits on certain properties (distillation, density) in diesel fuel specifications (e.g. EN 590). Additionally, the high viscosity components also increase the density of the fuel, and thus can be detrimental in terms of smoke emissions (as found in WO2005/054411). According to WO2005/054411, this is overcome by the addition of a third low density component, which is required to maintain the emissions performance of the high viscosity fuel.
  • the present invention relates to fuel compositions with increased power performance while still complying with the geographically relevant diesel fuel specification (e.g. EN 590). Moreover, unlike WO2005/054411, the viscosity increasing components in this present invention do not increase the density of the formulation and so there is no detriment to the emissions performance compared to conventional diesel.
  • new fuel compositions comprising a low sulphur petroleum derived diesel component and a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil component, further comprising a high viscosity low density Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil component (e.g. GTL Baseoil 3), which fuel compositions display increased power performance when compared to conventional diesel, with no detriment to emissions performance.
  • a low sulphur petroleum derived diesel component and a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil component
  • a high viscosity low density Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil component e.g. GTL Baseoil 3
  • an embodiment of the present invention is a fuel composition prepared by blending a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel comprising ⁇ 50 ppm of sulphur with a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil and a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil wherein the amount of the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel is from 60% up to 80% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amounts of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil together being at least 20% v/v of the total composition; and wherein the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel has a density of 0.81 to 0.865 g/cm 3 at 15° C.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil has a density of 0.76 to 0.80 g/cm 3 at 15° C. and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 2.0 to 4.5 mm 2 /s at 40° C.; the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a density of 0.79 to 0.82 g/cm 3 at 15° C.
  • compositions comprising only a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel comprising ⁇ 50 ppm of sulphur and a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil.
  • a high power fuel can be defined as a fuel which improves the vehicle tractive effort (VTE) and/or the resulting acceleration performance of vehicles fitted with compression ignition engines, compared to conventional diesel. More details on high power fuels and a method for determining VTE can be found in WO2005/054411.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in a fuel composition comprising a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel comprising ⁇ 50 ppm of sulphur and a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil, for the purpose of increasing the power performance of a diesel engine, wherein the amount of the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel is from 60% up to 80% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amounts of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil together being at least 20% v/v of the total composition; and wherein the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel has a density of 0.81 to 0.865 g/cm 3 at 15° C.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil has a density of 0.76 to 0.80 g/cm 3 at 15° C. and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 2.0 to 4.5 mm 2 /s at 40° C.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a density of 0.79 to 0.82 g/cm 3 at 15° C. and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 7.5 to 12.0 mm 2 /s at 40° C.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition and the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition while the amounts of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil together at least are 20% v/v of the total composition.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is from at least 15%, more preferred at least 20%, and most preferred 30% v/v of the total composition.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is between 20 and 30% v/v of the total composition.
  • the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is preferably from 10% up to 20%, and more preferred 10% v/v of the total composition.
  • the fuel composition comprises 60% v/v of the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel, 10% v/v of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil and 30% v/v of the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
  • the paraffinic nature of the Fischer-Tropsch derived components in the present invention mean that the high power fuel compositions of the present inventions will have high cetane numbers compared to conventional diesel. It is well known that high cetane number fuels can be beneficial for reducing emissions compared to conventional diesel. Therefore, as well as the low density emissions benefits, the high power formulations in the present invention may also have further emissions benefits as a consequence of their high paraffinic content and high cetane number.
  • Fuel compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for use as a diesel fuel, and they are especially useful for arctic applications, as winter grade diesel fuel. Accordingly, a further embodiment of the invention relates to the use of fuel compositions according to the present invention as a fuel in a direct or indirect injection diesel engine, in particular in conditions requiring a fuel with good cold flow properties. For example, a cloud point of ⁇ 10° C. or lower or a cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of ⁇ 20° C. or lower may be possible with fuel compositions according to the present invention.
  • CFPP cold filter plugging point
  • Both Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil can have a lower inherent CFPP than the low sulphur diesel component. This means that the proposed formulation will be expected to have improved cold flow performance over the diesel component, enabling the formulation to be used as winter grade fuel, or in the case of forming a formulation with a base diesel with better cold flow, even an arctic grade could be achieved.
  • the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel comprising ⁇ 50 ppm of sulphur according to the invention may be for example an ultra low sulphur diesel (ULSD) or a Zero sulphur diesel (ZSD).
  • ULSD ultra low sulphur diesel
  • ZSD Zero sulphur diesel
  • the low sulphur diesel comprises ⁇ 10 ppm of sulphur.
  • the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel used in the present invention will typically have a density from 0.81 to 0.865, preferably 0.82 to 0.85, more preferably 0.825 to 0.845 g/cm 3 at 15° C.; a cetane number (ASTM D613) at least 51; and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 1.5 to 4.5, preferably 2.0 to 4.0, more preferably from 2.2 to 3.7 mm 2 /s at 40° C.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that the gasoil or base oil is, or derives from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch condensation process.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch reaction converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into longer chain, usually paraffinic, hydrocarbons: n(CO+2H 2 ) ⁇ (—CH 2 —) n +nH 2 O+heat, in the presence of an appropriate catalyst and typically at elevated temperatures (e.g. 125 to 300° C., preferably 175 to 250° C.) and/or pressures (e.g. 5 to 100 bar, preferably 12 to 50 bar). Hydrogen: carbon monoxide ratios other than 2:1 may be employed if desired.
  • the carbon monoxide and hydrogen may themselves be derived from organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic sources, typically either from natural gas or from organically derived methane.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil product or base oil product may be obtained directly from the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, or indirectly for instance by fractionation of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product or from a hydrotreated Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product.
  • Hydrotreatment can involve hydrocracking to adjust the boiling range (see, e. g. GB2077289 and EP0147873) and/or hydroisomerisation which can improve cold flow properties by increasing the proportion of branched paraffins.
  • EP0583836 describes a two-step hydrotreatment process in which a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product is firstly subjected to hydroconversion under conditions such that it undergoes substantially no isomerisation or hydrocracking (this hydrogenates the olefinic and oxygen-containing components), and then at least part of the resultant product is hydroconverted under conditions such that hydrocracking and isomerisation occur to yield a substantially paraffinic hydrocarbon fuel or oil. Desired diesel fuel fraction(s) may subsequently be isolated for instance by distillation.
  • Typical catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of paraffinic hydrocarbons comprise, as the catalytically active component, a metal from Group VIII of the periodic table, in particular ruthenium, iron, cobalt or nickel. Suitable such catalysts are described for instance in EP0583836.
  • SMDS Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis
  • This process produces diesel range products by conversion of a natural gas (primarily methane) derived synthesis gas into a heavy long-chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) wax which can then be hydroconverted and fractionated to produce liquid transport fuels such as the gasoils useable in diesel fuel compositions.
  • SMDS Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis
  • This process produces diesel range products by conversion of a natural gas (primarily methane) derived synthesis gas into a heavy long-chain hydrocarbon (paraffin) wax which can then be hydroconverted and fractionated to produce liquid transport fuels such as the gasoils useable in diesel fuel compositions.
  • Versions of the SMDS process utilising fixed-bed reactors for the catalytic conversion step, are currently in use in Bintulu, Malaysia, and in Pearl GTL, Ras Laffan, Kuwait. (Gas) oils prepared by the SMDS process are commercially available for instance from the Royal Dutch/Shell Group of Companies.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil or base oil according to the present invention is a product prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch methane condensation reaction using a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio of less than 2.5, preferably less than 1.75, more preferably from 0.4 to 1.5.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived (gas)oil according to the present invention is a product prepared by the SMDS process, utilising fixed-bed multi-tubular reactors and a promoted cobalt catalyst. Suitably it will have been obtained from a hydrocracked Fischer-Tropsch synthesis product, or a product from a two-stage hydroconversion process such as that described in EP0583836.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil or base oil will consist of at least 95% w/w, more preferably at least 98% w/w, and most preferably up to 100% w/w of paraffinic components, preferably iso- and normal paraffins. Some cyclic paraffins may also be present. According to the present invention the weight ratio of iso-paraffins to normal paraffins is suitably from 0.3 up to 12, in particular from 2 to 6.
  • a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil or base oil has essentially no, or undetectable levels of, sulphur and nitrogen. Compounds containing these heteroatoms tend to act as poisons for Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and are therefore removed from the synthesis gas feed. Further, the process as usually operated produces no or virtually no aromatic components.
  • the aromatics content of a Fischer-Tropsch gasoil as determined for instance by ASTM D4629, will typically be below 1% w/w, preferably below 0.5% w/w and more preferably below 0.1% w/w.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil used in the present invention will typically have a density from 0.76 to 0.80, preferably 0.77 to 0.79, more preferably 0.775 to 0.785 g/cm 3 at 15° C.; a cetane number (ASTM D613) greater than 70, suitably from 74 to 85; a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 2.0 to 5.0, preferably from 2.2 to 4.2, more preferably from 2.5 to 4.0, mm 2 /s at 40° C.; and a sulphur content (ASTM D2622) of 5 ppmw (parts per million by weight) or less, preferably of 2 ppmw or less.
  • the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil used in the present invention will typically have a density from 0.79 to 0.82, preferably 0.800 to 0.815, and more preferably 0.805 to 0.810 g/cm 3 at 15° C.; a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 7.5 to 12.0, preferably 8.0 to 11.0, more preferably from 9.0 to 10.5, mm 2 /s at 40° C.; and a sulphur content (ASTM D2622) of 5 ppmw (parts per million by weight) or less, preferably of 2 ppmw or less.
  • the fuel composition may be additivated with further additives.
  • the (active matter) concentration of each such additive in a fuel composition is preferably up to 10000 ppmw, more preferably in the range from 5 to 1000 ppmw, advantageously from 75 to 300 ppmw, such as from 95 to 150 ppmw.
  • Such additives may be added at various stages during the production of a fuel composition; those added to a base fuel at the refinery for example might be selected from anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers (e.g., ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers), lubricity enhancers, anti-oxidants and wax anti-settling agents.
  • anti-static agents e.g., pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers (e.g., ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers), lubricity enhancers, anti-oxidants and wax anti-settling agents.
  • the fuel composition may for instance include a detergent, by which is meant an agent (suitably a surfactant) which can act to remove, and/or to prevent the build up of, combustion related deposits within an engine, in particular in the fuel injection system such as in the injector nozzles.
  • a detergent by which is meant an agent (suitably a surfactant) which can act to remove, and/or to prevent the build up of, combustion related deposits within an engine, in particular in the fuel injection system such as in the injector nozzles.
  • a detergent preferred concentrations are in the range 20 to 500 ppmw active matter detergent based on the overall fuel composition, more preferably 40 to 500 ppmw, most preferably 40 to 300 ppmw or 100 to 300 ppmw or 150 to 300 ppmw.
  • Detergent-containing diesel fuel additives are known and commercially available.
  • suitable detergent additives include polyolefin substituted succinimides or succinamides of polyamines, for instance polyisobutylene succinimides or polyisobutylene amine succinamides, aliphatic amines, Mannich bases or amines and polyolefin (e.g. polyisobutylene) maleic anhydrides.
  • polyolefin substituted succinimides such as polyisobutylene succinimides.
  • lubricity enhancers include lubricity enhancers; dehazers, e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers; anti-foaming agents (e.g. commercially available polyether-modified polysiloxanes); ignition improvers (cetane improvers) (e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), cyclohexyl nitrate, di-tert-butyl peroxide and those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,208,190 at column 2, line 27 to column 3, line 21); anti-rust agents (e.g.
  • a propane-1,2-diol semi-ester of tetrapropenyl succinic acid, or polyhydric alcohol esters of a succinic acid derivative the succinic acid derivative having on at least one of its alpha-carbon atoms an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing from 20 to 500 carbon atoms, e.g. the pentaerythritol diester of polyisobutylene-substituted succinic acid); corrosion inhibitors; reodorants; anti-wear additives; anti-oxidants (e.g.
  • phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine); metal deactivators; static dissipator additives; and mixtures thereof.
  • the additive contain an anti-foaming agent, more preferably in combination with an anti-rust agent and/or a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubricity additive.
  • a lubricity enhancer be included in the fuel composition, especially when it has a low (e.g. 500 ppmw or less) sulfur content.
  • the lubricity enhancer is conveniently present at a concentration from 50 to 1000 ppmw, preferably from 100 to 1000 ppmw, based on the overall fuel composition.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any dehazer in the fuel composition will preferably be in the range from 1 to 20 ppmw, more preferably from 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably from 1 to 10 ppmw and advantageously from 1 to 5 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of any ignition improver present will preferably be 600 ppmw or less, more preferably 500 ppmw or less, conveniently from 300 to 500 ppmw.
  • the present invention may in particular be applicable where the fuel composition is used or intended to be used in a direct injection diesel engine, for example of the rotary pump, in-line pump, unit pump, electronic unit injector or common rail type, or in an indirect injection diesel engine.
  • the fuel composition may be suitable for use in heavy-and/or light-duty diesel engines, emissions benefits often being more marked in heavy-duty engines.
  • the viscosity increasing components in this present invention do not increase the density of the formulation and so there is no detriment to the emissions performance compared to conventional diesel.
  • the same component is able to impart both high viscosity and low density, and so this new invention offers the opportunity of producing high power fuels with emissions benefits as opposed to just emissions neutrality.
  • These emissions benefits compared to conventional diesel are expected to be due to both i) the lower density and ii) the higher cetane number provided by the Fischer-Tropsch derived viscosity increasing components.
  • FIG. 1 Viscosity-density properties of potential formulations relating to this invention containing Fischer-Tropsch (GTL) gasoil, Fischer-Tropsch (GTL) Base oil 3 and conventional diesel according to the invention.
  • GTL Fischer-Tropsch
  • GTL Fischer-Tropsch
  • FIG. 2 Viscosity-density properties of components used in the present invention and components used according to WO2005/054411 (Gravex 925, HVI55).
  • FIG. 3 Expected acceleration, VTE, resp. smoke benefit vs. % v/v of Fischer-Tropsch derived viscosity components (in 50/50 ratio) included.
  • FIG. 4 Modelled cloud point vs. % v/v of Fischer-Tropsch derived viscosity components (in 50/50 ratio) included.
  • a Shell internal fuel blend modelling program ‘blendpro 2000’ was used to model the density and viscosity of a range of potential blends of the three components.
  • the properties of the components used in this modelling are listed in Table 1.
  • the complete possible blend range from 0-100% of each component was modelled at 10% increments, as represented in Table 2 and FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows the three components to be blended in the present invention as black squares ( ⁇ ).
  • the crosses (+) between these individual components show the modelled density and viscosity of each of the potential blends of the three components (that were modelled).
  • the (x) points show the range in density and viscosity of conventional diesel fuels. As shown in the figure, all possible blends of the three components have a higher viscosity, and a lower density than conventional diesel.
  • FIG. 2 the viscosity-density properties of components used in the present invention and components used according to WO2005/054411 are shown.
  • the fuel formulation with increased power according to the disclosure of WO2005/054411 was achieved by using a high viscosity high density component within the formulation (see FIG. 2 , upper right corner: Gravex 925, HVI55).
  • the high viscosity component used in the present invention can be classed as “non-traditional” in the sense that whilst high in viscosity it is actually low in density, i.e. the density is below 0.845 (the maximum density point on EU diesel fuels) (see FIG. 2 , lower left corner).
  • FIG. 3 shows the acceleration, VTE and smoke percentage benefits, respectively, for some formulations according to the present invention, using the equations in WO2005/054411.
  • the two Fischer-Tropsch derived viscosity components GTL BO3 and GTL Gasoil are in a 50/50 (v/v) ratio, with this mixture being blended into conventional diesel from 20-60%. More data can be found in Table 3.
  • the present invention has the key advantage that it negates the need of the low density component (component iii) according to WO2005/054411. This is because both of the Fischer-Tropsch derived components of the present invention (GTL BO3 and GTL Gasoil) have the ability to simultaneously reduce density and increase viscosity, which results in simultaneous lower emissions and yet increased power.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
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US14/330,476 2013-07-16 2014-07-14 High power fuel compositions Abandoned US20150021232A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13176589 2013-07-16
EP13176589.3 2013-07-16

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US20150021232A1 true US20150021232A1 (en) 2015-01-22

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