US2014547A - Photographically sensitive element - Google Patents

Photographically sensitive element Download PDF

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Publication number
US2014547A
US2014547A US758963A US75896334A US2014547A US 2014547 A US2014547 A US 2014547A US 758963 A US758963 A US 758963A US 75896334 A US75896334 A US 75896334A US 2014547 A US2014547 A US 2014547A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
film
support
cellulose
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US758963A
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English (en)
Inventor
George S Babcock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US758963A priority Critical patent/US2014547A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2014547A publication Critical patent/US2014547A/en
Priority to FR799820D priority patent/FR799820A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
    • G03C1/93—Macromolecular substances therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic materials and more particularly to a photographic film in which a light-sensitive gelatin emulsion is coated on a flexible cellulose derivative sup- 5 port and in which substrata of cellulose deriva- V tive material and gelatin, respectively are employed between the emulsion and the support.
  • This invention has as itsprincipal object to overcome the defects of prior art materials of the general character referred to above and to provide a photographic film having an especially high degree of flexibility and satisfactory stripping (emulsion adherence) properties. Another object is to produce a photographic film having a particular type of substratum between the material of the support and the gelatin sub or undercoat which substratum gives the film a high degree of flexibility without a correspondingdecrease of emulsion adherence. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
  • My invention can be. conveniently illustrated by reference to the manufacture of the so-called 5 safety types of film, for example, portrait, X-ray and cine film, in which the base or support consists of a cellulose organic ester material, such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate,
  • the emulsion-coated film will be brittle with the result that a crack starting in the emulsion coating will be carried through the various substrata and on into the support itself.
  • the degree of adherence is less, the brittleness is decreased, that is, the flexibility is increased, but such films have poor stripping characteristics, that is the emulsion layer and possibly the substrate. underneath the emulsion, 40 are too easily stripped off.
  • Example 1 A film support comprising a sheet or fihn of cellulose acetate propionate of approximately 0.008 inch in thickness is coated with a composition containing the following ingredients:
  • the coating operation is' conveniently carried out by running the support material through an immersion hopper at a temperature of 70-90 F., the composition of the subbing solution and the speed of the support therethrough being so controlled as to deposit on the support a layer which, when dry, is of approximately .00025 inch in thickness.
  • a thin layer of gelatin is then deposited on the cellulose nitrate-coated support from an appropriate gelatin solution in order to provide a surface to which the emulsioh coating can be made to adhere.
  • the gelatin emulsion is coated onto the gelatin surface of the support by a known procedure.
  • Example 2 A cellulose acetate support is given a coating of cellulose nitrate by the same general procedure as described in Example 1. The cellulose nitrate coated support is then treated with thesame type of' gelatin solution, thus producing a gel-coated surface for application of the emulsion, which is also carried out as before.-
  • the cellulose nitrate layer is approximately .00050 inch in thickness.
  • Example 3 A cellulose acetate propionate support of the same general type as that described in Example 1 is coated with a composition containing the following ingredients:
  • composition containing the following ingredients:
  • This coating is dried as before, after which a thin layer of gelatin is deposited on the cellulose nitrate surface from an appropriate gelatin solution. After drying of the gelatin coating, the light sensitive gelatin emulsion is coated onto the gelatin surface of the support by a known procedure.
  • a film produced in accordance with above procedure is illustrated in the single figure of the accompanying drawing in which the numeral I designates the flexible cellulose organic derivative support, 2 the extra heavy, adherent sub- 20 stratum of nitrocellulose approximately .00025- .00050 inch in thickness, 3 the thin adherent gelatin coating over the cellulose nitrate, and I the gelatino-silver halide emulsion.
  • cellulose nitrate may be applied by other methods, such as by applicator rolls, heading and similar methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • va- 40 rious types of cellulose nitrate although I prefer to use a nitratehaving a relatively high ethyl alcohol solubility, say, from 30-l00%, a viscosity of the order of 2-5 seconds (as determined by the dropping ball method), and a ni- 45 trogen content of about 11%.
  • the present invention relates to photographic film of various'types in which flexibility and stripping (emulsion adherence) properties are of prime importance, it is desirable to describe the usual tests by which these properties are determined.
  • the most common tests to which photographic film is subjected are the so-called brittleness (flexibility) tests and the stripping test.
  • the brittleness test is carried out as follows: 55 A strip of fihn of convenient size, say 6 to 8 inches wide and approximately 40 inches in length is heated for 45 minutes in a brittleness oven in which air having a controlled relative humidity of 20-25% and a temperature of 60 F. is circulated. The film is then removed I from the oven and folded at ten different places by pressing suddenly between the forefinger and thumb. If the film is brittle, this sudden fold-'- ing will cause it to break or snap in two at the fold.
  • the flexibility is defined in terms of freedom from brittleness which may be figured directly in percentages. A film is, for example, said to be 60% free from brittleness if it ruptures at four out of the ten folds made as just indicated.
  • emulsion cgated film of convenient size, say 6 to 40 inchesiis soaked in water at 70 F. for ten minutes It is then removed from the water and fixed on a fiat surface with-the emulsion side up. The-emulsion is then gouged or creased with the finger nails at points near the -middle and end of the strip. -Each nailscratch tears the emulsion away from the support to a certain extent. The scratched places are then rubbed with considerable force with the balls of the finger tips for several seconds. A film is said to have satisfactory wet stripping (emulsion adherence) properties when no peeling, or
  • a modified form of thistest is sometimes used in which, instead of employing water for soaking the-test strip, the strip is put through the usual processing baths, including development, washing, fixing and the like after which it is'subj cted to the procedure outlined in the preceding ragraph.
  • the tearing is, generally stripping is said to besatisfactory'for X-ray film if the emulsion cannot be stripped back more than 3 or 4 inches.
  • the stripping should not be greater than about one- ⁇ quarter of an inch.
  • sample A consisted of a strip of cellulose acetate propionate support having deposited thereon a cellulose nitrate substratum of approximately ,00002 inch in thickness, a thin gelatin substratum over, the cellulose nitrate layer, and over the nitrate layer an emulsion. coating.
  • sample B The second film, which may be referred t as sample B was prepared in accordance with .t e procedure of Example 1 given above.
  • Thisflhn consisted of a similar strip of cellulose acetate propionate support having deposited thereon a cellulose nitrate substratum of approximately .00025 inchin thickness in accordance with my inventioma gelatin layer oyer the nitrate layer and the gelatin emulsion over the gelatin layer.
  • the films and the undercoats thereof were identical except for the thickness of the cellulose nitrate layers.
  • sub or "substratum as used herein and in the appended claims includes both a single layer of material such as cellulose nitrate, or a plurality of layers, one above the other,.such as v a layermof gelatin superimposed upon a layer of cellulose nitrate.
  • a photographic film having a high degree offlexibility and satisfactory stripping properties which comprises a flexible cellulose derivative support, a gelatino-silver-halide emulsionon the 40 support, and a. substratum 'betweenthe emulsion and the support comprising a layer of cellulose nitrate .00025 to .00050 inch in thickness.
  • a photographic film having a high degree of flexibility and satisfactory stripping properties which comprises a flexible cellulose organic ester support, an adherent cellulose nitrate 'layer on the support, an adherent gelatin layer on the cellulose nitrate layer, and a gelatino-silverhalide emulsion layer on the gelatin layer, said cellulose nitrate layer having a thickness of .00025 to .00050 inch.
  • a photographic film having a high degree of flexibility and satisfactory stripping properties which comprises a flexible cellulose acetate pro- "'pionate support,.. athin adherent layer of cellulose nitrate of high alcohol-solubility, a viscosity of 2-5 seconds, and a nitrogen content "of about 11%, said cellulose nitrate layer being approximately .00025 to .00050 inch in thickness, a thin gelatin .layer over. said cellulose nitrate layer and a' gelatino-silver-halide emulsion layer over the gelatin layer. 4
  • a photographic film having a high degree of flexibility and satisfactory stripping properties which comprises a' flexible cellulose acetate support, a ⁇ : adherent cellulose nitratelayer on the support, an adherent gelatinlayer on the cellulose nitrate layer and -a. gelatino-sllver-halide emulsion layer on the gelatin layer, said cellulose nitrate layer having a thickness of about .00025 t0.00050 inc

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US758963A 1934-12-24 1934-12-24 Photographically sensitive element Expired - Lifetime US2014547A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US758963A US2014547A (en) 1934-12-24 1934-12-24 Photographically sensitive element
FR799820D FR799820A (fr) 1934-12-24 1935-12-23 Perfectionnements aux flims ou pellicules photographiques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US758963A US2014547A (en) 1934-12-24 1934-12-24 Photographically sensitive element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2014547A true US2014547A (en) 1935-09-17

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US758963A Expired - Lifetime US2014547A (en) 1934-12-24 1934-12-24 Photographically sensitive element

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US (1) US2014547A (fr)
FR (1) FR799820A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3042523A (en) * 1959-07-13 1962-07-03 Plastic Coating Corp Photographic film having a polystyrene base
US4217408A (en) * 1970-10-07 1980-08-12 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Printing plate material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3042523A (en) * 1959-07-13 1962-07-03 Plastic Coating Corp Photographic film having a polystyrene base
US4217408A (en) * 1970-10-07 1980-08-12 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Printing plate material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR799820A (fr) 1936-06-20

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