US20140356164A1 - Apparatus to detect aerodynamic conditions of blades of wind turbines - Google Patents
Apparatus to detect aerodynamic conditions of blades of wind turbines Download PDFInfo
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- US20140356164A1 US20140356164A1 US13/903,019 US201313903019A US2014356164A1 US 20140356164 A1 US20140356164 A1 US 20140356164A1 US 201313903019 A US201313903019 A US 201313903019A US 2014356164 A1 US2014356164 A1 US 2014356164A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005534 acoustic noise Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/0256—Stall control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/048—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller controlling wind farms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/80—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers
- F03D80/82—Arrangement of components within nacelles or towers of electrical components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/96—Mounting on supporting structures or systems as part of a wind turbine farm
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/82—Forecasts
- F05B2260/821—Parameter estimation or prediction
- F05B2260/8211—Parameter estimation or prediction of the weather
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/322—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters the detection or prediction of a wind gust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05B2270/333—Noise or sound levels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/81—Microphones
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention is related to wind turbines for generating electric power, and more particularly, to an apparatus to detect an aerodynamic condition such as a flow separation condition in blades of wind turbines.
- Wind is an example of an appropriate energy source for utility-level power generation.
- the power generation for wind turbines may be substantially affected by the aerodynamic characteristics of wind-turbine interaction.
- the amount of power extracted from the wind may in part depend on the aerodynamic angle of attack between the rotor blades and the incoming air flow. If, for a given wind speed, a certain maximum angle of attack is exceeded, the air flow can separate at the surface of the rotor blades and vortices may form. This effect is known as flow separation and limits the aerodynamic efficiency of the blades to extract power from the wind. This may substantially increase acoustic noise generated by the wind turbine.
- Certain vibration-sensing devices for sensing such a condition have generally been installed into the blades and, as a result, their reliability tends to suffer due to the forces experienced by a rotating object.
- Other listening devices which may be located outside the blade, may be subject to acoustic interference and/or may lack the ability to quickly and precisely detect where and when a flow separation condition may be initiated.
- a flow separation condition may initially develop just in a portion of a blade path swept by a given blade. At least in view of the foregoing considerations, it would be desirable to provide a reliable and cost-effective apparatus for improved detection of such aerodynamic conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a wind turbine, including an example elevation isometric view of an example listening-field of an acoustic sensor as may be focused to detect an aerodynamic condition, such as a flow separation condition, as may affect one or more of the blades of the wind turbine.
- an aerodynamic condition such as a flow separation condition
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a wind turbine, including an example side view of an example listening-field of an acoustic sensor embodying aspects of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic of an example embodiment of an acoustic sensor embodying aspects of the present invention, such as may include an acoustic condenser coupled to the acoustic sensor.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic of one example embodiment of an acoustic sensor embodying aspects of the present invention, such as may comprise an array of acoustic sensors.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic of another example embodiment of an array of acoustic sensors as may be disposed about a nacelle of the wind turbine in accordance with aspects of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one example embodiment illustrating two neighboring wind turbines, as each may be monitored by one or more sensor arrays to detect the flow separation condition.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation illustrating a top-view of a wind park comprising a plurality of wind turbines embodying aspects of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of one example embodiment of a wind turbine 10 , as may benefit from aspects of the present invention.
- Wind turbine 10 may include a tower 12 , a nacelle 16 coupled to tower 12 , and a rotor 18 ( FIG. 2 ) coupled to nacelle 16 .
- Rotor 18 includes a rotatable hub 20 and a plurality of rotor blades 22 coupled to hub 20 .
- rotor 18 has three rotor blades 22 . It will be appreciated, however, that rotor 18 may have any number of rotor blades 22 that enables wind turbine 10 to function as described herein.
- At least one acoustic sensor 24 may be remotely located from blade 22 , such as on nacelle 16 . Acoustic sensor 24 may be focused to monitor a portion 26 of a blade path 28 swept by rotor blades 22 to detect an aerodynamic condition, such as a flow separation condition, (schematically represented by a darkened area 30 ) affecting the blade in the portion of the blade path being monitored. This may allow acoustic sensor 24 to be focused on a radially outer portion of the blade path, particularly in the upper half of the blade path sweep, where the flow separation (e.g., incipient stall) may be expected to initiate, as may be historically and/or experimentally learned.
- a controller 27 FIG. 2
- acoustic sensor 24 may be a microphone, such as a unidirectional microphone, as schematically represented in FIG. 2 .
- the sensitivity of such a microphone may have a pattern (listening-field) configured to listen to sounds emanating from the portion of the blade path where a blade is likely to experience the flow separation condition, while attenuating sounds outside the portion of the blade path being monitored.
- an acoustic condenser 32 e.g., a parabolic dish
- may be coupled to acoustic sensor 24 as may provide a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio to listen to sounds emanating from the portion of the blade path where a blade is likely to experience the flow separation condition.
- acoustic sensor may comprise an array 34 of acoustic sensors, e.g., acoustic sensors AS 1 -AS 4 to detect the aerodynamic condition affecting a given blade in one or more circumferential sectors, e.g., circumferential sectors labeled CS 1 -CS 4 of the blade path swept by the blade.
- a first acoustic sensor AS 1 may be focused onto a first circumferential sector CS 1
- a second acoustic sensor AS 2 may be focused onto a second circumferential sector CS 2 , and so on and so forth.
- an apparatus embodying aspects of the present invention can offer substantial flexibility (e.g., a relatively high-level of acoustic granularity) to detect when and where a flow separation condition may be initiated so that appropriate corrective action (e.g., localized pitch angle adjustment) may be promptly taken by controller 27 ( FIG. 2 ) to remove the flow separation condition and, for example, prevent spread of the condition which could lead to a stall of the blade, as may involve massive separation of the air flow.
- appropriate corrective action e.g., localized pitch angle adjustment
- the array 34 of acoustic sensors may comprise electronically-steerable acoustic sensors, which may be dynamically focused to the portion of the blade path where the aerodynamic condition may affect a given blade. For example, if a certain one of circumferential sector of sectors CS 1 -CS 4 is the portion of the blade path where the aerodynamic condition may be affecting a given blade, (e.g., causing a relatively high-level of noise) such an array of electronically-steerable acoustic sensors would be able to dynamically locate such circumferential sector to detect the aerodynamic condition.
- an array 34 of acoustic sensors 38 may be disposed about a perimeter of nacelle 16 of the wind turbine. This may allow listening to sounds which can emanate practically from anywhere along an entire circumferential sector of the blade path swept by the blades. It should be appreciated that the array shapes and/or the number of sensors per array, as may be illustrated in the figures, should be construed in an example sense and not in a limiting sense being that the array shapes and/or the number of sensors may be readily tailored based on the requirements of a given application.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one example embodiment illustrating two neighboring wind turbines 100 , 102 .
- at least one acoustic sensor array 104 may be remotely located (e.g., ground-based) from the respective rotor blades 106 , 108 of wind turbines 100 , 102 .
- one or more sensor arrays 104 may be focused to monitor respective portions of the blade paths swept by the respective rotor blades 106 , 108 of wind turbines 100 , 102 .
- sensor arrays may be geometrically arranged to maximize sound detection relative to wind turbines 100 , 102 notwithstanding yaw rotation which may be experienced by wind turbines 100 , 102 .
- Each wind turbine may include a respective controller 107 , 109 responsive to sensor array 114 to, for example, adjust the pitch angle of a rotor blade being affected by the flow separation condition.
- an aerodynamic condition e.g., flow separation condition
- FIG. 7 is a schematic illustrating a top-view representation of an example wind park 110 comprising a plurality of wind turbines 112 embodying aspects of the present invention.
- Each wind turbine may include an acoustic sensor 114 focused to detect an aerodynamic condition, such as a flow separation condition affecting one or more blades 116 , as described above.
- Each wind turbine may further include a controller 118 responsive to a respective acoustic sensor 114 , for example, to adjust a respective pitch angle of blades 116 of a respective turbine.
- Each wind turbine may be coupled to a supervisory controller 120 , which is responsive to detected aerodynamic conditions affecting respective rotor blades of at least some of the plurality of wind turbines 112 .
- supervisory controller 120 may be configured to estimate atmospheric conditions likely to propagate through the park, and predict aerodynamic conditions likely to affect respective rotor blades of at least some other ones of the plurality of wind turbines 112 . For example, presuming at time T 1 , some wind turbines 112 located on column C 1 of the wind park experience a flow separation condition (schematically represented by solid dots 130 ) in response to atmospheric conditions (e.g., wind speed, gradients, etc.
- supervisory controller may predict flow separation conditions for turbines 112 (drawn with dashed lines) on column C 3 , which are located downstream relative to the affected wind turbines on columns C 1 and C 2 .
- aspects of an example inventive apparatus may be used to monitor a portion of a blade path swept by a rotor blade to detect an aerodynamic condition affecting the blade in the portion of the blade path being monitored—and methods disclosed herein may be implemented by any appropriate processor apparatus using any appropriate programming language or programming technique.
- the apparatus can take the form of any appropriate circuitry, such as may involve a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment or an embodiment comprising both hardware and software elements.
- the apparatus may be implemented by way of software and hardware (e.g., processor, sensors, etc.), which may include but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.
- parts of the processor apparatus can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a processor-usable or processor-readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a processor or any instruction execution system.
- processor-readable media may include non-transitory tangible processor-readable media, such as a semiconductor or solid-state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk.
- Current examples of optical disks include compact disk—read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk—read/write (CD-RAN) and DVD.
- An interface display may be a tablet, flat panel display, PDA, or the like.
- a processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code may include in one example at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus.
- the memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution.
- I/O devices including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.
- Network adapters may also be coupled to the apparatus to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention is related to wind turbines for generating electric power, and more particularly, to an apparatus to detect an aerodynamic condition such as a flow separation condition in blades of wind turbines.
- Renewable energy has become a major focus for energy and environment sustainability. Wind is an example of an appropriate energy source for utility-level power generation. The power generation for wind turbines may be substantially affected by the aerodynamic characteristics of wind-turbine interaction. For example, the amount of power extracted from the wind may in part depend on the aerodynamic angle of attack between the rotor blades and the incoming air flow. If, for a given wind speed, a certain maximum angle of attack is exceeded, the air flow can separate at the surface of the rotor blades and vortices may form. This effect is known as flow separation and limits the aerodynamic efficiency of the blades to extract power from the wind. This may substantially increase acoustic noise generated by the wind turbine.
- Certain vibration-sensing devices for sensing such a condition have generally been installed into the blades and, as a result, their reliability tends to suffer due to the forces experienced by a rotating object. Other listening devices, which may be located outside the blade, may be subject to acoustic interference and/or may lack the ability to quickly and precisely detect where and when a flow separation condition may be initiated. For example, a flow separation condition may initially develop just in a portion of a blade path swept by a given blade. At least in view of the foregoing considerations, it would be desirable to provide a reliable and cost-effective apparatus for improved detection of such aerodynamic conditions.
- The invention is explained in the following description in view of the drawings that show:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a wind turbine, including an example elevation isometric view of an example listening-field of an acoustic sensor as may be focused to detect an aerodynamic condition, such as a flow separation condition, as may affect one or more of the blades of the wind turbine. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a wind turbine, including an example side view of an example listening-field of an acoustic sensor embodying aspects of the present invention. -
FIG. 3 is a schematic of an example embodiment of an acoustic sensor embodying aspects of the present invention, such as may include an acoustic condenser coupled to the acoustic sensor. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic of one example embodiment of an acoustic sensor embodying aspects of the present invention, such as may comprise an array of acoustic sensors. -
FIG. 5 is a schematic of another example embodiment of an array of acoustic sensors as may be disposed about a nacelle of the wind turbine in accordance with aspects of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one example embodiment illustrating two neighboring wind turbines, as each may be monitored by one or more sensor arrays to detect the flow separation condition. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation illustrating a top-view of a wind park comprising a plurality of wind turbines embodying aspects of the present invention. - In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details, that the present invention is not limited to the depicted embodiments, and that the present invention may be practiced in a variety of alternative embodiments. In other instances, to avoid pedantic and unnecessary description well known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail.
- Furthermore, various operations may be described as multiple discrete steps performed in a manner that is helpful for understanding embodiments of the present invention. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations need be performed in the order they are presented, nor that they are even order dependent. Repeated usage of the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may. Lastly, the terms “comprising”, “including”, “having”, and the like, as used in the present application, are intended to be synonymous unless otherwise indicated.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of one example embodiment of awind turbine 10, as may benefit from aspects of the present invention.Wind turbine 10 may include atower 12, anacelle 16 coupled totower 12, and a rotor 18 (FIG. 2 ) coupled tonacelle 16.Rotor 18 includes arotatable hub 20 and a plurality ofrotor blades 22 coupled tohub 20. In this example embodiment,rotor 18 has threerotor blades 22. It will be appreciated, however, thatrotor 18 may have any number ofrotor blades 22 that enableswind turbine 10 to function as described herein. - In one example embodiment, at least one
acoustic sensor 24 may be remotely located fromblade 22, such as onnacelle 16.Acoustic sensor 24 may be focused to monitor aportion 26 of ablade path 28 swept byrotor blades 22 to detect an aerodynamic condition, such as a flow separation condition, (schematically represented by a darkened area 30) affecting the blade in the portion of the blade path being monitored. This may allowacoustic sensor 24 to be focused on a radially outer portion of the blade path, particularly in the upper half of the blade path sweep, where the flow separation (e.g., incipient stall) may be expected to initiate, as may be historically and/or experimentally learned. In one example embodiment, a controller 27 (FIG. 2 ) is responsive toacoustic sensor 24 to adjust a pitch angle of the rotor blade at least over the portion of the blade path affected by the flow separation condition to adjust the blade angle to prevent the flow separation from progressing to a full stall condition. - In one example embodiment,
acoustic sensor 24 may be a microphone, such as a unidirectional microphone, as schematically represented inFIG. 2 . For example, the sensitivity of such a microphone may have a pattern (listening-field) configured to listen to sounds emanating from the portion of the blade path where a blade is likely to experience the flow separation condition, while attenuating sounds outside the portion of the blade path being monitored. As illustrated inFIG. 3 , an acoustic condenser 32 (e.g., a parabolic dish) may be coupled toacoustic sensor 24, as may provide a relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio to listen to sounds emanating from the portion of the blade path where a blade is likely to experience the flow separation condition. - In one example embodiment, as may be seen in
FIG. 4 , acoustic sensor may comprise anarray 34 of acoustic sensors, e.g., acoustic sensors AS1-AS4 to detect the aerodynamic condition affecting a given blade in one or more circumferential sectors, e.g., circumferential sectors labeled CS1-CS4 of the blade path swept by the blade. For example, a first acoustic sensor AS1 may be focused onto a first circumferential sector CS1, a second acoustic sensor AS2 may be focused onto a second circumferential sector CS2, and so on and so forth. Thus it will be appreciated that an apparatus embodying aspects of the present invention can offer substantial flexibility (e.g., a relatively high-level of acoustic granularity) to detect when and where a flow separation condition may be initiated so that appropriate corrective action (e.g., localized pitch angle adjustment) may be promptly taken by controller 27 (FIG. 2 ) to remove the flow separation condition and, for example, prevent spread of the condition which could lead to a stall of the blade, as may involve massive separation of the air flow. - In one example embodiment, the
array 34 of acoustic sensors may comprise electronically-steerable acoustic sensors, which may be dynamically focused to the portion of the blade path where the aerodynamic condition may affect a given blade. For example, if a certain one of circumferential sector of sectors CS1-CS4 is the portion of the blade path where the aerodynamic condition may be affecting a given blade, (e.g., causing a relatively high-level of noise) such an array of electronically-steerable acoustic sensors would be able to dynamically locate such circumferential sector to detect the aerodynamic condition. - In one example embodiment, as shown in
FIG. 5 , anarray 34 ofacoustic sensors 38 may be disposed about a perimeter ofnacelle 16 of the wind turbine. This may allow listening to sounds which can emanate practically from anywhere along an entire circumferential sector of the blade path swept by the blades. It should be appreciated that the array shapes and/or the number of sensors per array, as may be illustrated in the figures, should be construed in an example sense and not in a limiting sense being that the array shapes and/or the number of sensors may be readily tailored based on the requirements of a given application. -
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one example embodiment illustrating two neighboringwind turbines acoustic sensor array 104 may be remotely located (e.g., ground-based) from therespective rotor blades 106, 108 ofwind turbines more sensor arrays 104 may be focused to monitor respective portions of the blade paths swept by therespective rotor blades 106, 108 ofwind turbines wind turbines wind turbines common sensor array 104 to detect an aerodynamic condition (e.g., flow separation condition), as may affectblades 106, 108 of neighboringturbines respective controller sensor array 114 to, for example, adjust the pitch angle of a rotor blade being affected by the flow separation condition. -
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustrating a top-view representation of anexample wind park 110 comprising a plurality ofwind turbines 112 embodying aspects of the present invention. Each wind turbine may include anacoustic sensor 114 focused to detect an aerodynamic condition, such as a flow separation condition affecting one ormore blades 116, as described above. Each wind turbine may further include acontroller 118 responsive to a respectiveacoustic sensor 114, for example, to adjust a respective pitch angle ofblades 116 of a respective turbine. Each wind turbine may be coupled to asupervisory controller 120, which is responsive to detected aerodynamic conditions affecting respective rotor blades of at least some of the plurality ofwind turbines 112. In one example embodiment,supervisory controller 120 may be configured to estimate atmospheric conditions likely to propagate through the park, and predict aerodynamic conditions likely to affect respective rotor blades of at least some other ones of the plurality ofwind turbines 112. For example, presuming at time T1, somewind turbines 112 located on column C1 of the wind park experience a flow separation condition (schematically represented by solid dots 130) in response to atmospheric conditions (e.g., wind speed, gradients, etc. (represented by arrows 132)), and further presuming at a subsequent time T2 some ofwind turbines 112 located on column C2 downstream from the affected wind turbines on column C1 also experience the flow separation condition (similarly represented by solid dots 130), then supervisory controller may predict flow separation conditions for turbines 112 (drawn with dashed lines) on column C3, which are located downstream relative to the affected wind turbines on columns C1 and C2. - It will be appreciated that aspects of an example inventive apparatus—as may be used to monitor a portion of a blade path swept by a rotor blade to detect an aerodynamic condition affecting the blade in the portion of the blade path being monitored—and methods disclosed herein may be implemented by any appropriate processor apparatus using any appropriate programming language or programming technique. The apparatus can take the form of any appropriate circuitry, such as may involve a hardware embodiment, a software embodiment or an embodiment comprising both hardware and software elements. In one embodiment, the apparatus may be implemented by way of software and hardware (e.g., processor, sensors, etc.), which may include but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc. Furthermore, parts of the processor apparatus can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a processor-usable or processor-readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a processor or any instruction execution system. Examples of processor-readable media may include non-transitory tangible processor-readable media, such as a semiconductor or solid-state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of optical disks include compact disk—read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk—read/write (CD-RAN) and DVD. An interface display may be a tablet, flat panel display, PDA, or the like.
- In one example embodiment, a processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code may include in one example at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the apparatus either directly or through intervening I/O controllers. Network adapters may also be coupled to the apparatus to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.
- While various embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions may be made without departing from the invention herein. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (20)
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US13/903,019 US9528493B2 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | Apparatus to detect aerodynamic conditions of blades of wind turbines |
DK14164747.9T DK2808544T3 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2014-04-15 | Device for detecting aerodynamic conditions in wind turbine blades |
EP14164747.9A EP2808544B1 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2014-04-15 | Apparatus to detect aerodynamic conditions of blades of wind turbines |
CN201410229242.8A CN104214051B (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | To detect the device of the aerodynamics situation of wind turbine blade |
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US13/903,019 US9528493B2 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | Apparatus to detect aerodynamic conditions of blades of wind turbines |
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US20140356164A1 true US20140356164A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
US9528493B2 US9528493B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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CN111306010A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-19 | 北京天泽智云科技有限公司 | Method and system for detecting lightning damage of fan blade |
CN113330211A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2021-08-31 | 德国普利泰克风能技术股份有限公司 | Improving or optimizing the production of a wind power plant by detecting stall |
US11421660B2 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-08-23 | Beijing Gold Wind Science & Creation Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd. | Video monitoring method and system for wind turbine blade |
US11674498B1 (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-06-13 | General Electric Renovables Espana, S.L. | Systems and methods for controlling a wind turbine |
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Also Published As
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EP2808544A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
DK2808544T3 (en) | 2019-09-09 |
EP2808544B1 (en) | 2019-06-05 |
CN104214051B (en) | 2019-03-12 |
CN104214051A (en) | 2014-12-17 |
US9528493B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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