US20140352855A1

US20140352855A1 - Nitro Aromatic Substituted Metal Hydroxyl Nitrates

Info

Publication number: US20140352855A1
Application number: US14/295,145
Authority: US
Inventors: Sudhakar R Ganta; Scott M. Rambow; Deborah L. Hordos
Original assignee: TK Holdings Inc
Current assignee: Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition LLC
Priority date: 2013-06-03
Filing date: 2014-06-03
Publication date: 2014-12-04
Also published as: DE112014002656T5; WO2014197508A1

Abstract

The reaction product of a nitro aromatic and a metal hydroxyl nitrate is presented. Gas generating compositions containing the reaction product are also presented. Gas generators and vehicle occupant protection systems containing the reaction product are also presented.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/830,616 filed on Jun. 3, 2013.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to gas generating systems, and to an improved gas generating compound that may constitute a monopropellant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to vehicle occupant protection systems or other safety systems employing gas generators to actuate an inflatable cushion for example. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,035,757, 5,872,329, 6,074,502, 6,210,505, 6,287,400, 7,959,749, 6,189,927, 5,062,367, and 5,308,588 exemplify known pyrotechnic gas generating compositions and/or known gas generators and their operating environments, whereby each patent is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The pyrotechnic means typically include an initiator or igniter, and a gas generating composition ignitable by the igniter once the actuator is activated.
There is an ongoing initiative to provide gas generating compositions that improve upon the amount of gas produced per gram of gas generating composition, while maintaining or improving the burn rate of the gas generating composition at ambient or other operating pressures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a gas generating composition includes a compound that is produced from the substitution reaction of a nitro-aromatic compound and a metal hydroxyl nitrate. The reaction product may be selected from dinitrobenzoic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, potassium salt of dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, isophthalic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, potassium salt of isophthalic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, hydroxy pyridine substituted basic copper nitrate, and mixtures thereof. An oxidizer may be selected from nonmetal and metal nitrate salts; chlorate salts; metal and nonmetal perchlorate salts; metal and nonmetal oxides; basic nitrate salts, and mixtures thereof. Finally, a fuel may be selected from derivatives of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine; tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; nitrate salts of tetrazoles, triazole, and azoles; nitramine derivatives of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles; salts and derivatives of guanidines; azoamides; nitrate salts of azoamides; and mixtures thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is an exemplary gas generator containing a composition of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exemplary vehicle occupant protection system containing a composition of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention relates to compounds formed by substitution reactions including a metal hydroxyl nitrate, such as basic copper nitrate, and a nitro aromatic, such as dinitrobenzoic acid, as reactants. When used herein, a metal hydroxyl nitrate contains at least one hydroxide ion and at least one nitrate as a basic metal nitrate. When used herein, a “nitro aromatic” may be defined as a compound that has nitro and aromatic character. When used herein, the term “compound” is given its normal meaning, which is to say that it means a single constituent such as a fuel, an oxidizer, or any other constituent of known gas generating compositions, for example. When used herein, the term “composition” is meant to convey a mixture of several compounds such as a fuel, an oxidizer, and any other constituent of known gas generating compositions, for example. The compounds formed by nitro aromatic substitution of a metal hydroxyl nitrate are useful as gas generant constituents, and certain of these compounds may be used as a monopropellant thereby reducing the cost and complexity of manufacturing related gas generants. Furthermore, manufacturing safety is enhanced because of the ability to use these novel compounds independent of any other typical gas generant constituents such as oxidizers, slag formers, coolants, and other known constituents.
The formation reactions may be generally stated as substituting metal hydroxyl nitrates with various nitro aromatics. The metal hydroxyl nitrates may be formed with transition metals, such as but not limited to, cobalt, zinc, manganese, iron, copper, and cerium. An exemplary metal hydroxyl nitrate includes basic copper nitrate. The nitro aromatics may be selected from the group including, but not limited to, nitro benzo derivatives such as nitrobenzoic acid and dinitrobenzoic acid, derivatives thereof, and metal and nonmetal salts thereof including 3,5-dinitrobenzoate substituted basic copper nitrate; nitro salicylic derivatives such as dinotrosalicylic acid and salts thereof such as the potassium salt of dinitrosalicylic acid, potassium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate substituted basic copper nitrate, and 3,5-dinitrosalicylate substituted basic copper nitrate; Isophthalic acid and derivatives and salts thereof including the potassium salt of isophthalic acid, 5-nitroisophthalate substituted basic copper nitrate, and potassium isophthalate substituted basic copper nitrate; and pyridine and derivatives thereof such as nitro pyridine(s), hydroxyl pyridine(s), and 3,5-dinitro hydroxyl pyridine substituted basic copper nitrate.
The following examples of various species within the broader groups described above exemplify or blueprint various substitution reactions within the broader group. In general, stoichiometric amounts of the metal hydroxyl nitrate, such as basic copper nitrate, combined with the desired nitro-aromatic such as dinitrobenzoic acid yield the novel substituted metal hydroxyl nitrates.

EXAMPLES

1) Dinitrobenzoic acid substituted Basic copper nitrate:
2) Dinitrosalicylic acid substituted Basic copper nitrate:
3) Potassium salt of dinitrosalicylic acid substituted Basic copper nitrate:
4) Isophthalic acid substituted Basic copper nitrate:
5) Potassium salt of Isophthalic acid substituted Basic copper nitrate:
6) Hydroxy pyridine substituted Basic copper nitrate:
As exemplified in the examples, nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrates are synthesized by reacting the metal hydroxyl nitrate (e.g. basic copper nitrate) with nitro aromatic acid in the presence of water to yield novel nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrate molecules.
It is contemplated that if desired, other typical gas generating constituents such as, but not limited to the following, may be combined with the novel compounds described above, thereby forming novel gas generating compositions. These constituents include: fuels selected from tetrazoles, triazoles, triazines, and guanidines, and salts and derivatives of each type of fuel; oxidizers selected from nonmetal or metal (alkali, alkaline earth, and/or transitional metal) nitrates, nitrites, chlorates, perchlorates, and oxides; coolants, slag formers, and/or additives such as clay, talc, mica, silica, and so forth.
For example, gas generating compositions of the present invention may contain a nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrate as defined herein. More preferably, the nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrate may be provided at about 1-15 weight percent of the total composition. Yet further, the nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrate may be provided at about 5-15 weight percent of the total composition. A first oxidizer selected from the group including nonmetal and metal nitrate salts such as ammonium nitrate, phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate; nitrite salts such as potassium nitrite; chlorate salts such as potassium chlorate; metal and nonmetal perchlorate salts such as potassium or ammonium perchlorate; oxides such as iron oxide and copper oxide; basic nitrate salts such as basic copper nitrate and basic iron nitrate, and mixtures thereof is provided. The first oxidizer is generally provided at about 0.1-80 wt % of the gas generant composition, and more preferably at about 10-70 wt %.
Further, gas generating compositions formed in accordance with the present invention may contain a secondary fuel selected from the group containing derivatives of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine (BTA), including its anhydrous acid and its acid monohydrate, mono-ammonium salt of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine, metal salts of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine including the potassium, sodium, strontium, copper, and zinc salts of BTA, and complexes thereof; azoles such as 5-aminotetrazole; metal salts of azoles such as potassium 5-aminotetrazole; nonmetal salts of azoles such as mono-or di-ammonium salt of 5,5′-bis-1H-tetrazole; nitrate salts of azoles such as 5-aminotetrazole nitrate; nitramine derivatives of azoles such as 5-nitraminotetrazole; metal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles such as dipotassium 5-nitraminotetrazole; nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles such as mono- or di-ammonium 5-nitraminotetrazole and; guanidines such as dicyandiamide; salts of guanidines such as guanidine nitrate; nitro derivatives guanidines such as nitroguanidine; azoamides such as azodicarbonamide; nitrate salts of azoamides such as azodicarbonamidine dinitrate; and mixtures thereof, and is generally provided at about 0.1-50 wt %, more preferably 0.1-30 wt %.
The gas generating compositions of the present invention may be mixed in a known manner. For example, the primary fuel formed by the substitution reaction of the nitro aromatic and the metal hydroxyl nitrate may be mixed with an oxidizer, and any other desired constituent, such as a secondary fuel described above. Other gas generating constituents known in the art, such as coolants, slag formers, desiccants, and so forth, may also be provided in known effective amounts.
For example, a gas generating compositions of the present invention may also contain an optional additive selected from the group including silicone compounds; elemental silicon; silicon dioxide; fumed silica; silicones such as polydimethylsiloxane; silicates such as potassium silicates; natural minerals such as talc and clay; lubricants such as graphite powder or fibers, magnesium stearate, boron nitride, molybdenum sulfide; fumed alumina; polyethylene; paraffin; and mixtures thereof. When included, the optional additive is generally provided at about 0.1-10%, and more preferably at about 0.1-5%.
An optional binder may be included in the gas generant composition and is selected from the group of cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, carboxymethycellulose, salts of carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose acetate butyrate; silicone; polyalkene carbonates such as polypropylene carbonate and polyethylene carbonate; and mixtures thereof, and when included is generally provided at about 0.1-10%, and more preferably at about 0.1-5%.
The substitution reactants and the various typical gas generant constituents described herein, may be provided by companies such as Aldrich Chemical Company or Fisher, for example. Various exemplary salts were manufactured by basic acid/base chemistry resulting in salts of nitro aromatics as described herein. In accordance with the present invention, the novel nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrates of the present invention may be dry-mixed or wet-mixed with the oxidizers, secondary fuels, and other constituents of the gas generating compositions described herein to form a uniform or homogeneous mixture of the gas generating composition containing the novel compounds. The following examples illustrate the present invention, but not by way of limitation. More specifically, the examples illustrate the unexpected and surprising results of adding a nitro-aromatic substituted metal hydroxyl nitrate to compositions containing an oxidizer such as a basic metal nitrate, and a fuel such as a guanidine-based derivative.

Examples

Example 1

Mixing and Manufacturing Method

A mixing vessel containing 2000 ml of distilled water, heated to 105 C, was provided. Gas generating constituents were provided that collectively weighed 5000 grams. Basic copper nitrate (BCN) at about 2520.40 grams (50.41 weight percent of the total constituents) and ammonium dinitrosalicylic acid (ADNSA) at about 250.00 grams (5.00 weight percent of the total constituents) were both added to the mixing vessel. The mixture was mixed, for example with a planetary mixer, for about 1-5 minutes, at a nominal speed setting of 400 rpms. Water, in an amount of 500 ml, was added as a rinse. Guanidine nitrate (GN) at about 2229.60 (44.59 weight percent of the total constituents) was then added to the mixture. The mixture was maintained at 105 C and stirred (at about 400 rpm) for about ten minutes while adding an additional 500 ml of water as a second rinse. A uniform or homogeneously mixed precipitate formed. The precipitate was dried for about 90 minutes in a temperature range of 90 C to 105 C.

Example 2A

Comparative Example 8001

A composition containing 46.6 grams of basic copper nitrate and 53.4 grams of guanidine nitrate was mixed and formed as described in Example 1. The composition was compacted and formed as a tablet. A gas generator formed as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,537,241, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, was loaded with 26.3 grams of the composition. Upon combustion, over a period of 0.1 seconds of combustion time, the chamber pressure peaked at about 21.5 MPa at about 0.003 seconds. A pressure trough was presented in the combustion profile from 0.02 to 0.025 seconds wherein the chamber pressure measured about 3.5 to 4.0 MPa. The chamber pressure then increased slightly from 4.0 to about 5.25 MPa from about 0.025 to about 0.035 seconds. Thereafter, the chamber pressure linearly decreased over time to a chamber pressure of about 2.5 at 0.1 seconds of combustion.

Example 2B

Comparative Example 8001

A sample of the composition formed as described in Example 2A and loaded in the same type of inflator as 2A, was inserted in a 60 L tank, wherein combustion of the composition was initiated and conducted over a period of 0.1 seconds. The combustion profile exhibited a slight combustion lag or trough from about 0.01 to about 0.03 seconds. The combustion profile then exhibited substantially linear growth to a maximum tank pressure of about 120 kPa at 0.1 seconds.

Example 2C

8001

The burn rate of the composition of Example 2A was evaluated by coating a 2.5 gram cylinder of the composition with epoxy except for a top portion. The sample was then placed within a pressurized container and upon ignition, the burn rate and pressure were monitored over time. At 5 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.275 inches per second (ips). At 20 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.500 ips. At about 36 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.675 ips.

Example 3A

8000

A composition containing 46.2 grams of basic copper nitrate, 43.5 grams of guanidine nitrate, and 10.3 grams dinitrobenzoic acid substituted basic copper nitrate (BCN-DNBA) (formed from the substitution reaction of basic copper nitrate (metal hydroxyl nitrate) and dinitrobenzoic acid (DNBA, nitro aromatic) as described herein), was mixed and formed as described in Example 1. The composition was compacted and formed as a tablet. A gas generator as described in Example 2A was loaded with 28.3 grams of this composition. Upon combustion, over a period of 0.1 seconds of combustion time, the chamber pressure peaked at about 20.5 MPa at about 0.003 seconds. After peak combustion, the combustion profile exhibited a regressive logarithmic curve throughout the combustion time of 0.1 seconds wherein the terminal chamber pressure at 0.1 seconds was about 1.5 MPa. The chamber pressure from 0.01-0.03 seconds ranged from about 12.5 MPa to about 5.5 MPa.

Example 3B

8000

A sample of the composition formed as described in Example 3A (28.3 grams) and loaded in the same type of inflator as 2A, was inserted in a 60 L tank, wherein combustion of the composition was initiated and conducted over a period of 0.1 seconds. The combustion profile exhibited a progressive logarithmic growth to a maximum tank pressure of about 127 kPa at 0.1 seconds.

Example 3C

8000

The burn rate of the composition of Example 3A was evaluated by coating a 2.5 gram cylinder of the composition with epoxy except for a top portion. The sample was then placed within a pressurized container and upon ignition, the burn rate and pressure were monitored over time. At 5 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.335 inches per second (ips). At 20 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.570 ips. At about 36 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.725 ips.

Example 4A

8004

A composition containing 45.7 grams of basic copper nitrate, 44.8 grams of guanidine nitrate, and 9.2 grams of dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate (BCN-DNSA) (formed from the substitution reaction of basic copper nitrate (metal hydroxyl nitrate) and ammonium dinitrosalicylic acid (nitro aromatic) as described herein), was mixed and formed as described in Example 1. The composition was compacted and formed as a tablet. A gas generator as described in Example 2A was loaded with 27.9 grams of this composition. Upon combustion, over a period of 0.1 seconds of combustion time, the chamber pressure peaked at about 23.0 MPa at about 0.003 seconds. After peak combustion, the combustion profile exhibited a regressive logarithmic curve throughout the combustion time of 0.1 seconds wherein the terminal chamber pressure at 0.1 seconds was about 1.0 MPa. The chamber pressure from 0.01-0.03 seconds ranged from about 14.8 MPa to about 7.4 MPa.

Example 4B

8004

A sample of the composition formed as described in Example 4A (27.9 grams) and loaded in the same type of inflator as 2A, was inserted in a 60 L tank, wherein combustion of the composition was initiated and conducted over a period of 0.1 seconds. The combustion profile exhibited a progressive logarithmic growth to about 145 kPa at 0.1 seconds. The maximum tank pressure was about 146 kPa at about 0.09 seconds.

Example 4C

8004

The burn rate of the composition of Example 4A was evaluated by coating a 2.5 gram cylinder of the composition with epoxy except for a top portion. The sample was then placed within a pressurized container and upon ignition, the burn rate and pressure were monitored over time. At 5 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.325 inches per second (ips). At 20 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.615 ips. At about 36 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.800 ips.

Example 5A

8010

A composition containing 45.7 grams of basic copper nitrate, 45.1 grams of guanidine nitrate, and 9.2 grams of dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate (BCN-DNSA) (formed from the substitution reaction of basic copper nitrate (metal hydroxyl nitrate) and potassium dinitrosalicylic acid (nitro aromatic) as described herein), was mixed and formed as described in Example 1. The composition was compacted and formed as a tablet. A gas generator as described in Example 2A was loaded with 28.0 grams of this composition. Upon combustion, over a period of 0.1 seconds of combustion time, the chamber pressure peaked at about 21.5 MPa at about 0.003 seconds. After peak combustion, the combustion profile exhibited a regressive logarithmic curve throughout the combustion time of 0.1 seconds wherein the terminal chamber pressure at 0.1 seconds was about 0.5 MPa. The chamber pressure from 0.01-0.03 seconds ranged from about 13.0 MPa to about 5.0 MPa.

Example 5B

8010

A sample of the composition formed as described in Example 5A (28.0 grams) and loaded in the same type of inflator as 2A, was inserted in a 60 L tank, wherein combustion of the composition was initiated and conducted over a period of 0.1 seconds. The combustion profile exhibited a progressive logarithmic growth to about 153 kPa at 0.1 seconds. The maximum tank pressure was about 160 kPa at about 0.062 seconds.

Example 5C

8010

The burn rate of the composition of Example 5A was evaluated by coating a 2.5 gram cylinder of the composition with epoxy except for a top portion. The sample was then placed within a pressurized container and upon ignition, the burn rate and pressure were monitored over time. At 5 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.335 inches per second (ips). At 20 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.600 ips. At about 36 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.780 ips.

Example 6A

8011

A composition containing 46.2 grams of basic copper nitrate, 45.3 grains of guanidine nitrate, and 10.3 grams of dinitrobenzoic acid substituted basic copper nitrate (BCN-DNBA) (formed from the substitution reaction of basic copper nitrate (metal hydroxyl nitrate) and potassium dinitrobenzoic acid (KDNBA, nitro aromatic) as described herein), was mixed and formed as described in Example 1. The composition was compacted and formed as a tablet. A gas generator as described in Example 2A was loaded with 28.3 grams of this composition. Upon combustion, over a period of 0.1 seconds of combustion time, the chamber pressure peaked at about 18.0 MPa at about 0.003 seconds. After peak combustion, the combustion profile exhibited a regressive logarithmic curve throughout the combustion time of 0.1 seconds wherein the terminal chamber pressure at 0.1 seconds was about 0.5 MPa. The chamber pressure from 0.01-0.03 seconds ranged from about 12.0 MPa to about 4.8 MPa.

Example 6B

8011

A sample of the composition formed as described in Example 6A (28.3 grams) and loaded in the same type of inflator as 2A, was inserted in a 60 L tank, wherein combustion of the composition was initiated and conducted over a period of 0.1 seconds. The combustion profile exhibited a progressive logarithmic growth to about 146 kPa at 0.1 seconds. The maximum tank pressure was about 150 kPa at about 0.060 seconds.

Example 6C

8011

The burn rate of the composition of Example 6A was evaluated by coating a 2.5 gram cylinder of the composition with epoxy except for a top portion. The sample was then placed within a pressurized container and upon ignition, the burn rate and pressure were monitored over time. At 5 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.300 inches per second (ips). At 20 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.520 ips. At about 36 MPa, the burn rate of the sample was about 0.680 ips.
As shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary inflator utilizing the compounds of the present invention incorporates a dual chamber design to tailor the force of deployment of an associated airbag. In general, an inflator containing a booster composition 12 formed as known in the art may be provided, and may be manufactured as known in the art. A primary gas generating compound or composition 14 as described herein is also provided as shown in FIG. 1. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,422,601, 6,805,377, 6,659,500, 6,749,219, and 6,752,421 exemplify typical airbag inflator designs and are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the exemplary inflator 10 described above may also be incorporated into an airbag system 200. Airbag system 200 includes at least one airbag 202 and an inflator 10 containing a gas generating composition 14 in accordance with the present invention, coupled to airbag 202 so as to enable fluid communication with an interior of the airbag. Airbag system 200 may also include (or be in communication with) a crash event sensor 210. Crash event sensor 210 includes a known crash sensor algorithm that signals actuation of airbag system 200 via, for example, activation of airbag inflator 10 in the event of a collision.
Referring again to FIG. 2, airbag system 200 may also be incorporated into a broader, more comprehensive vehicle occupant restraint system 180 including additional elements such as a safety belt assembly 150. FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of one exemplary embodiment of such a restraint system. Safety belt assembly 150 includes a safety belt housing 152 and a safety belt 100 extending from housing 152. A safety belt retractor mechanism 154 (for example, a spring-loaded mechanism) may be coupled to an end portion of the belt. In addition, a safety belt pretensioner 156 containing gas generating composition 14 may be coupled to belt retractor mechanism 154 to actuate the retractor mechanism in the event of a collision. Typical seat belt retractor mechanisms which may be used in conjunction with the safety belt embodiments of the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,743,480, 5,553,803, 5,667,161, 5,451,008, 4,558,832 and 4,597,546, each incorporated herein by reference. Illustrative examples of typical pretensioners with which the safety belt embodiments of the present invention may be combined are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,505,790 and 6,419,177, incorporated herein by reference.
Safety belt assembly 150 may also include (or be in communication with) a crash event sensor 158 (for example, an inertia sensor or an accelerometer) including a known crash sensor algorithm that signals actuation of belt pretensioner 156 via, for example, activation of a pyrotechnic igniter (not shown) incorporated into the pretensioner. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,505,790 and 6,419,177, previously incorporated herein by reference, provide illustrative examples of pretensioners actuated in such a manner.
It should be appreciated that safety belt assembly 150, airbag system 200, and more broadly, vehicle occupant protection system 180 exemplify but do not limit gas generating systems contemplated in accordance with the present invention.
The present description is for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed to limit the breadth of the present invention in any way. Thus, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications could be made to the presently disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A gas generating compound comprising:

the reaction product of a metal hydroxyl nitrate compound reacted with a nitro aromatic compound in an aqueous solution.

2. The gas generating compound of claim 1 wherein the metal hydroxyl nitrate is selected from basic metal nitrates containing at least one metal selected from copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iron, cerium, and nickel.

3. The gas generating compound of claim 1 wherein the metal hydroxyl nitrate contains a metal selected from copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel, and cerium.

4. The gas generating compound of claim 1 wherein the metal hydroxyl nitrate contains a transitional metal.

5. The gas generating compound of claim 1 wherein the nitro aromatic is selected from nitro benzo derivatives; nitro salicylic derivatives; Isophthalic acid and derivatives and salts thereof; and pyridine and derivatives thereof.

6. The gas generating composition of claim 1 wherein the reaction product is selected from dinitrobenzoic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, potassium salt of dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, isophthalic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, potassium salt of isophthalic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, hydroxy pyridine substituted basic copper nitrate, and mixtures thereof.

7. The gas generating composition of claim 1 wherein the reaction product is represented by the formula:

8. A gas generating composition containing the compound of claim 1.

9. A vehicle occupant protection system containing the compound of claim 1.

10. A gas generator containing the compound of claim 1.

11. A gas generating composition consisting of the compound of claim 1.

12. The gas generating composition of claim 6 further comprising an oxidizer selected from nonmetal and metal nitrate salts; nitrite salts; chlorate salts; metal and nonmetal perchlorate salts; metal oxides; basic metal nitrate salts; and mixtures thereof.

13. The gas generating composition of claim 6 further comprising a fuel selected from derivatives of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine; azoles and derivatives thereof; triazines and derivatives thereof; tetrazoles and derivatives thereof; triazoles and derivatives thereof; nitrate salts of azoles; nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles; salts of guanidines; nitro derivatives of guanidines; azoamides; nitrate salts of azoamides; and mixtures thereof.

14. A gas generating composition comprising:

15. The gas generating composition of claim 12 further comprising:

an oxidizer selected from nonmetal and metal nitrate salts; chlorate salts; metal and nonmetal perchlorate salts; metal and nonmetal oxides; basic metal nitrate salts, and mixtures thereof.

16. The gas generating composition of claim 12 further comprising.

a fuel selected from derivatives of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine; tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; nitrate salts of tetrazoles, triazole, and azoles; triazines and derivatives thereof; nitramine derivatives of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles; salts and derivatives of guanidines; azoamides; nitrate salts of azoamides; and mixtures thereof.

17. The gas generating composition of claim 16 wherein said salts and derivatives of guanidines are selected from guanidine nitrate and nitroguanidine.

18. A gas generating composition comprising:

a compound selected from dinitrobenzoic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, potassium salt of dinitrosalicylic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, isophthalic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, potassium salt of isophthalic acid substituted basic copper nitrate, hydroxy pyridine substituted basic copper nitrate, and mixtures thereof;

an oxidizer selected from nonmetal and metal nitrate salts; chlorate salts; metal and nonmetal perchlorate salts; metal and nonmetal oxides; basic metal nitrate salts, and mixtures thereof; and

a fuel selected from derivatives of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine; tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; nitrate salts of tetrazoles, triazole, and azoles; nitramine derivatives of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles; salts and derivatives of guanidines; azoamides; nitrate salts of azoamides; and mixtures thereof.

19. The gas generating composition of claim 12 further comprising:

a fuel selected from derivatives of bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine; tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; triazines and derivatives thereof; metal and nonmetal salts of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; nitrate salts of tetrazoles, triazole, and azoles; nitramine derivatives of tetrazoles, triazoles, and azoles; metal and nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles; salts and derivatives of guanidines; azoamides; nitrate salts of azoamides; and mixtures thereof.

20. The composition of claim 18 wherein said composition contains a fuel selected from guanidine nitrate and nitroguanidine, and basic copper nitrate.