US20140182842A1 - Method of injection fluid monitoring - Google Patents
Method of injection fluid monitoring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20140182842A1 US20140182842A1 US14/056,239 US201314056239A US2014182842A1 US 20140182842 A1 US20140182842 A1 US 20140182842A1 US 201314056239 A US201314056239 A US 201314056239A US 2014182842 A1 US2014182842 A1 US 2014182842A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- borehole
- monitoring
- monitoring system
- injection
- disposing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 40
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
- E21B47/113—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using electrical indications; using light radiations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
Abstract
A method of monitoring an injection substance injected into an injection well penetrating the earth and a method of monitoring an underground reservoir storing a substance introduced through an injection well are described. The methods include disposing a monitoring system in a borehole, both a transmitting and a first receiving portion of the monitoring system being disposed in the borehole. The method of monitoring an injection substance also includes injecting the injection substance into the injection well, and monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, flow of the injection substance out of the injection well. The method of monitoring an underground reservoir includes injecting the injection substance into the injection well for storage in the underground reservoir, and monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, boundary conditions surrounding the underground reservoir.
Description
- This application is a Non-Provisional Application of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/746,180 filed Dec. 27, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- Injection wells are used for various purposes in the drilling industry. As one example, injection fluid (e.g., water, CO2) may be injected through the injection well toward a producing well (producing oil, for example) to increase pressure and thereby encourage production. However, once the injection fluid front reaches the production well such that the injection fluid is being produced, the production well is no longer viable. Prior systems to monitor injection fluid have been disposed in the production well or one or more monitor wells (separate from the production well and injection well) or some combination thereof. The systems obtain resistivity or conductivity (inversely proportional to resistivity) measurements around the borehole in which they are located and can determine the boundary between materials that have discernibly different resistivity values (e.g., the boundary between a production fluid like oil and an injection fluid like water). When such a system is located in the production well or in a monitor well in the vicinity of the production well, it indicates when the fluid front from the injection well has reached or nearly reached the production well. However, the information is not timely enough to control the injection process to potentially prolong the use of the production well. Prior methods of monitoring are also problematic because the injected fluid may not necessarily reach the production well due to heterogeneity and/or permeability anisotropy around the injection well. In this case, the direction and flow rate from the injection well is unknown. Another exemplary purpose of an injection well is for the introduction of material into an underground storage reservoir. In this case, the seal on the storage reservoir must be monitored to ensure that the stored material is not leaking into the surrounding area.
- According to an aspect of the invention, a method of monitoring an injection substance injected into an injection well penetrating the earth includes disposing a monitoring system in a borehole, both a transmitting and a receiving portion of the monitoring system being disposed in the borehole; injecting the injection substance into the injection well; and monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, flow of the injection substance out of the injection well.
- According to another aspect of the invention, a method of monitoring an underground reservoir storing a substance introduced through an injection well includes disposing a monitoring system in a borehole, both a transmitting portion and a receiving portion of the monitoring system being disposed in the borehole; injecting the injection substance into the injection well for storage in the underground reservoir; and monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, boundary conditions surrounding the underground reservoir.
- Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an injection substance monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an injection substance monitoring system according to another embodiment of the invention -
FIG. 3 depicts the monitoring system in the injection well according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 4 depicts the monitoring system in the injection well and a monitor well according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5 depicts the monitoring system in the injection well and a monitor well according to another embodiment of the invention -
FIG. 6 depicts the monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an injection substance monitoring system according to an embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method of monitoring an injection fluid according to an embodiment of the invention. - As noted above, prior injection monitoring systems have been positioned in the production well or in monitor wells near the production well. An exemplary injection arrangement positions a number of injection wells surrounding the production well. The injections wells may even be essentially equidistant from the production well, and each injector may even inject the injection fluid at the same rate. However, inhomogeneity in the reservoir may render the injection system inhomogeneous (injection fluid from each injection well reaches the production well at a different time or not at all). For example, the injection fluid front from a given injection well may be advancing toward the production well faster than the injection fluid front from any of the other wells. If this were determined early in the injection process, the given injection well may be choked off to increase the time until an injection fluid front reaches (and contaminates) the production well. However, a monitoring system in the production well would not be capable of making such a determination in time to prolong the production. This is because the system in the production well would only identify the injection fluid front when it has already approached the production well. Also, if one of the other injection wells' injection fluid had been misdirected away from the production well due to the permeability anisotropy around that injection well, the production well would not detect that fluid front over a length of time but would not provide any information about the directivity of that injection fluid.
- Embodiments detailed herein describe a method of monitoring boundary conditions from the injection well itself. By detecting the boundary between the material injected through the injection well and surrounding material, the fluid front advancing toward a production well (or in an unintended direction other than the direction of the production well) or material injected into a storage reservoir may be effectively monitored during its travel into the reservoir and throughout the useful life of the reservoir.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of aninjection substance 101monitoring system 130 according to an embodiment of the invention. While any system that resides within a single injection well and monitors boundary conditions from that injection well may be used, a transient electromagnetic (EM) system including atransmitter 110 and one ormore receivers 120 pair in theinjection well 100 is discussed as anexemplary monitoring system 130 in the embodiment discussed with reference toFIG. 1 and is detailed with reference toFIG. 2 . The production well 150 is shown as another borehole penetrating theearth 160 in an area including aformation 165, which represents any subsurface material of interest in the production. Acomputer processing system 140 may process the data obtained by themonitoring system 130. The processing may include taking resistivity measurements and finding the fluid boundary, if any, based on the received conductivity. In alternate embodiments,downhole electronics 145 that are part of adownhole tool 105 may execute the processing.FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of aninjection substance 101monitoring system 130 according to another embodiment of the invention.FIG. 2 shows a horizontal production well 150 and a horizontal injection well 100. All of the embodiments of themonitoring system 130 discussed herein apply to both vertical wells (see e.g.,FIG. 1 ) and horizontal wells. -
FIG. 3 depicts themonitoring system 130 in the injection well 100 according to an embodiment of the invention. As noted above, the exemplary transientEM monitoring system 130 is one embodiment of a system that may be used, but any system that facilitates the monitoring of fluid boundary dynamics from the injection well 100 may be used to implement embodiments of the method and system described herein. For example, a continuous-wave system rather than a transient EM system may be used as themonitoring system 130. Thetransmitter 110 may be a three component transmitter with antennas oriented in the z, x, and y directions. These directions are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the injection well 100, orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and oriented toward the production well 150, and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and transverse to the production well 150, respectively. An array ofreceivers 120 a-120 n may be disposed in the injection well 100. Each of thereceivers 120 may be a three component receiver with antennas oriented in the x, y, and z directions. Thetransmitter 110 and one ormore receivers 120 may be moved along the length of the injection well 100 and may provide information as a function of depth. In other embodiments, thetransmitter 110 and one ormore receivers 120 may be affixed to a particular position within the injection well 100. In still other embodiments, a number of sets oftransmitters 110 andreceivers 120 may be positioned and may even be affixed along the length of the injection well 100.FIG. 4 depicts themonitoring system 130 in the injection well 100 and a monitor well 410 according to an embodiment of the invention. According to the alternate embodiment shown inFIG. 4 , some of the array ofreceivers 120 b-120 n, are disposed in a monitor well 410 while thetransmitter 110 and onereceiver 120 a (or more) are disposed in the injection well 100.FIG. 5 depicts themonitoring system 130 in the injection well 100 and a monitor well 510 according to another embodiment of the invention. According to the alternate embodiment shown inFIG. 5 , one ormore receivers 120 may be in a monitor well 510 while thetransmitter 110 is disposed in the injection well 100. In a transientEM monitoring system 130, this separation of thetransmitter 110 and one ormore receivers 120 is possible when synchronization of thetransmitter 110 and receiver(s) 120 is included. The synchronization (to within a few microseconds) may be achieved, for example, via hardwire or fiber optic connection between thetransmitter 110 and receiver(s) 120. In alternate embodiment, wireless synchronization of thetransmitter 110 and receiver(s) 120 may be performed. - While each of the various types of transmitter/receiver systems that may be used as the
monitoring system 130 may have individual strengths, the exemplary transientEM monitoring system 130 addresses two concerns. First, transient (time-domain) measurements relative to continuous-wave measurements provide improved spatial resolution. Second, signal-to-noise ratio is improved by increasing the strength of the transmitter and receiver magnetic dipoles. Thetransmitter 110 andreceiver 120 of the present embodiment are designed to generate a relatively large switchable dipole (e.g., dipole moment of 1 kAm2) with power consumption that is more than a hundred times less than with a conventional long-coil. Themonitoring system 130 measures conductivity. Themonitoring system 130 operates by altering the transmitted electromagnetic (EM) field to produce a transient EM signal. Thereceiver 120 receives a signal based on the transient EM signal transmitted by thetransmitter 110. This received signal represents the conductivity of the surrounding material. - By detecting a transition in conductivity of that surrounding material, the fluid front of the
injection substance 101 may be detected and its directivity and speed may be monitored. The directivity of theinjection substance 101 is based on the permeability anisotropy around the injection well 100. That is, theinjection substance 101 will not flow in all directions uniformly from the injection well 100 and, as noted above, may not reach a targeted production well 150 at all within a given period of time. By monitoring the flow of theinjection substance 101, the permeability anisotropy around the injection well 100 may be determined. Because the exemplary monitoring system 130 (transient EM) measures conductivity, aninjection substance 101 that has a lower conductivity than that of surrounding material (e.g., oil around a production well 150) may be monitored for a longer distance away from the injection well 100 than aninjection substance 101 with a higher conductivity than that of surrounding material. For example, CO2 has a lower conductivity than oil. Thus, when CO2 is theinjection substance 101 injected into the injection well 100, it may be monitored as it advances toward the oil for a greater distance than if water (with a higher conductivity than oil) were used as theinjection substance 101. -
FIG. 6 depicts themonitoring system 130 according to an embodiment of the invention. The transientEM monitoring system 130 is again used as an example. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 6 , the borehole 330 (e.g., injection well 100 or monitorborehole 410,FIG. 4 810,FIG. 8 ) includes a casing 310. In this case, especially if the casing is conductive (e.g., steel), the magnetic flux going through thecasing 610 may result in the production of eddy currents. Thus, in the embodiment shown inFIG. 6 , a magnetically permeable orferrite material 620 surrounds thecasing 610. The lower impedance path created by the magnetically permeable orferrite material 620 reduces the magnetic flux through thecasing 610. In this case, the transientEM monitoring system 130 is mounted outside thecasing 610 and outside the magnetically permeable orferrite material 620. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of amonitoring system 130 according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 7 , aninjection substance 101 is injected into the injection well 100 for storage in anunderground reservoir 710. Theinjection substance 101 may be carbon dioxide, waste water, or natural gas, for example. By using themonitoring system 130, the fluid front of theinjection substance 101 into thereservoir 710 as well as any leak from thereservoir 710 may be monitored. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of aninjection substance 101monitoring system 130 according to an embodiment of the invention. Themonitoring system 130 according to the present embodiment resides in amonitor borehole 810 in proximity to the injection well 100. For example, if the distance D from the injection well 100 to theproduction well 150 is 100 feet, the distance d from the injection well 100 to themonitor borehole 810 may be approximately 5 to approximately 10 feet. Because themonitor borehole 810 includes themonitoring system 130 to monitor theinjection substance 101 from the injection well 100 (rather than a fluid front approaching the production well 150) and because themonitor borehole 810 is proximate to the injection well 100, asingle monitor borehole 810 is sufficient though two ormore monitor boreholes 810 may be used. All of the features discussed with reference to themonitoring system 130 in the injection well 100 above apply, as well, to themonitoring system 130 in themonitor borehole 810. For example, themonitor borehole 810 may include acasing 610 and a permeable or ferrite material 620 (FIG. 6 ). Themonitoring system 130 in themonitor borehole 810 may be a continuous-wave system rather than a transient EM system. Themonitor borehole 810 may be used to monitorinjection substance 101 intended to encourage production in the production well 150 and to monitorinjection substance 101 stored in an underground reservoir 710 (FIG. 7 ). -
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of amethod 900 of monitoring an injection substance according to an embodiment of the invention. Themethod 900 according to the exemplary embodiment described herein uses the transientEM monitoring system 130 described with reference toFIG. 2 . Themethod 900 includes inserting amonitoring system 130transmitter 110 and one ormore receivers 120 into the injection well 100 (block 910). Atblock 920, themethod 900 includes injecting theinjection substance 101 into the injection well 100. Atblock 930, themethod 900 includes altering the transmitted EM field to produce a transient EM signal out of the injection well 100. Atblock 940, receiving a received signal based on the transient EM signal facilitates determining conductivity. Monitoring theinjection substance 101 based on the received signal (block 950) includes monitoring the fluid front based on a difference in conductivity between theinjection substance 101 and the surrounding material. This monitoring may include the use of time-lapse measurements to determine the motion of the injection fluid front. This monitoring may include monitoring injection fluid directed to a production well 150 to increase production. The monitoring may also include monitoring a substance injected into an underground reservoir 710 (FIG. 7 ). - While one or more embodiments have been shown and described, modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation.
Claims (25)
1. A method of monitoring an injection substance injected into an injection well penetrating the earth, the method comprising:
disposing a monitoring system in a borehole, both a transmitting and a first receiving portion of the monitoring system being disposed in the borehole;
injecting the injection substance into the injection well; and
monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, flow of the injection substance out of the injection well.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disposing the monitoring system in the borehole is in the injection well.
3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising disposing a second receiving portion of the monitoring system including one or more receivers in the injection well.
4. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising disposing a second receiving portion of the monitoring system including one or more receivers in a monitor well proximate to the injection well.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disposing the monitoring system in the borehole is in a monitor borehole proximate to the injection well.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disposing the monitoring system in the borehole includes disposing at least one electromagnetic (EM) transmitter in the borehole, altering, using a controller coupled to the at least one EM transmitter, the transmitted EM field to produce a transient EM signal, and receiving, using one or more receivers disposed in the borehole, a received signal based on the transient EM signal.
7. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising determining conductivity based on the received signal.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the monitoring includes identifying a boundary between the injection substance and another substance based on the conductivity.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the monitoring includes monitoring a direction of the flow.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the monitoring the direction of the flow includes determining permeability anisotropy of formation surrounding the injection well.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the transmitting portion and the receiving portion of the monitoring system move along a length of the borehole and the monitoring is performed at different depths.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the monitoring systems are disposed along a length of the borehole.
13. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising disposing a casing in the borehole and a magnetically permeable material surrounding the casing, wherein the disposing the monitoring system is between the magnetically permeable material and the borehole wall.
14. A method of monitoring an underground reservoir storing a substance introduced through an injection well, the method comprising:
disposing a monitoring system in a borehole, both a transmitting portion and a first receiving portion of the monitoring system being disposed in the borehole;
injecting the injection substance into the injection well for storage in the underground reservoir; and
monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, boundary conditions surrounding the underground reservoir.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the disposing the monitoring system in the borehole is disposing the monitoring system in the injection well.
16. The method according to claim 15 , further comprising disposing a second receiving portion of the monitoring system including one or more receivers in the injection well.
17. The method according to claim 15 , further comprising disposing a second receiving portion of the monitoring system including one or more receivers in a monitor well proximate to the injection well.
18. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the disposing the monitoring system in the borehole is disposing the monitoring system in a monitor borehole proximate to the injection well.
19. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the disposing the monitoring system includes disposing at least one electromagnetic (EM) transmitter in the borehole, altering, using a controller coupled to the at least one EM transmitter, the transmitted EM field to produce a transient EM signal, and receiving, using one or more receivers disposed in the borehole, a received signal based on the transient EM signal.
20. The method according to claim 14 , further comprising determining conductivity based on the received signal, wherein the monitoring includes identifying a boundary between the substance and another substance surrounding the underground reservoir based on the conductivity.
21. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the monitoring includes detecting a leak in a seal of the underground reservoir based on a flow of the substance out of the underground reservoir.
22. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the transmitting portion and the receiving portion of the monitoring system move along a length of the borehole and the monitoring is performed at different depths.
23. The method according to claim 14 , wherein a plurality of the monitoring systems are disposed along a length of the borehole.
24. The method according to claim 14 , further comprising disposing a casing in the borehole and a magnetically permeable material surrounding the casing, wherein the disposing the monitoring system is between the magnetically permeable material and the borehole wall.
25. A method of monitoring an injection substance injected into an injection well penetrating the earth, the method comprising:
disposing a transmitting portion of a monitoring system in a first borehole;
disposing a receiving portion of the monitoring system in a second borehole;
synchronizing the transmitting portion and the receiving portion time;
injecting the injection substance into the injection well; and
monitoring, using a processor processing the received signal, flow of the injection substance out of the injection well.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/056,239 US20140182842A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2013-10-17 | Method of injection fluid monitoring |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261746180P | 2012-12-27 | 2012-12-27 | |
US14/056,239 US20140182842A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2013-10-17 | Method of injection fluid monitoring |
Publications (1)
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US20140182842A1 true US20140182842A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
Family
ID=51015829
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US14/056,239 Abandoned US20140182842A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 | 2013-10-17 | Method of injection fluid monitoring |
Country Status (2)
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US (1) | US20140182842A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014106006A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104747146A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-07-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Measurement and regulation method and system for separated-layer water injection of water injection well in oil field |
CN105756635A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-13 | 于世江 | Intelligent wireless water distribution device for water injection well |
CN105863584A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-17 | 于世江 | Intelligent wireless water distributing system |
WO2017184340A1 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-10-26 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Formation measurements using downhole noise sources |
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CN108571312A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-09-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Oil field layered exploitation is docked with downhole wireless surveys tune tool |
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WO2014106006A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
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