US20140176149A1 - Battery monitoring apparatus - Google Patents
Battery monitoring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US20140176149A1 US20140176149A1 US14/140,911 US201314140911A US2014176149A1 US 20140176149 A1 US20140176149 A1 US 20140176149A1 US 201314140911 A US201314140911 A US 201314140911A US 2014176149 A1 US2014176149 A1 US 2014176149A1
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- battery
- power source
- filter circuit
- pair
- lines
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- G01R31/3658—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery monitoring apparatus that includes a monitoring circuit for monitoring individual cell voltages of a plurality of battery cells which are connected in series to form a battery pack.
- a battery monitoring apparatus in related art includes a monitoring circuit and a low-pass filter (for example, see JP-A-2012-159406).
- the monitoring circuit is provided with a plurality of pairs of sensing terminals for a plurality of battery cells.
- the pairs of sensing terminals are associated with the plurality of battery cells of which positive and negative electrode terminals are connected to each of the sensing terminals in a pair via individual connecting lines.
- the low-pass filter is disposed on the connecting lines.
- Each of a plurality of current paths is formed between each of the battery cells and the monitoring circuit via the corresponding connecting lines.
- the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter may be varied.
- JP-A-2012-159406 a circuit configuration of JP-A-2012-159406 is designed such that the low-pass filter is configured by an RC (resistor-capacitor) filter composed of a resistor and a capacitor with the same number of components of the low-pass filter between the current paths.
- RC resistor-capacitor
- the connecting lines on the battery pack side are provided with a plurality of common lines.
- Each of the common lines is connected to the negative electrode terminal of a high-potential side battery cell of serially connected adjacent battery cells and to the positive electrode terminal of a low-potential side battery cell of serially connected adjacent battery cells.
- the connecting lines on the monitoring circuit side are provided with two branch lines into which each of the common lines is branched.
- One of the two branch lines is connected to a sensing terminal that corresponds to the negative electrode terminal of the high-potential side battery cell.
- the other of the two branch lines is connected to a sensing terminal that corresponds to the positive electrode terminal of the low-potential side battery cell.
- the low-pass filter includes resistors and capacitors.
- the resistors are located on a pair of branch lines that correspond to a pair of terminals (positive and negative electrode terminals) of the monitoring circuit.
- the capacitors are located between the pair of branch lines.
- the filter configuration disclosed in JP-A-2012-159406 has a feature of sufficiently attenuating differential noise (in-phase fluctuation) generated between the individual connecting lines that connect the battery cells to the monitoring circuit.
- this filter configuration is not able to sufficiently attenuate common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) generated between the individual connecting lines and a ground line.
- FIGS. 5 and 7 show an example in which a filter circuit 300 in related art is disposed between a battery pack 100 and a monitoring circuit 200 .
- FIGS. 6 and 8 show Bode diagrams for explaining filter characteristics.
- the filter circuit 300 in FIG. 7 has filter characteristics of which a transfer function G(s) (Vo 2 /Vi 2 ) of an RC filter for n battery cells 100 a is expressed by the following formula F2 and, as shown in FIG. 8 , sufficient attenuation is not achieved in the high-frequency range in which the frequency f becomes higher than the cutoff frequency fc, because resistance components are applied to the output Vo 2 .
- a ground-type filter configuration in which the capacitors are directly grounded for each of the connecting lines, may be used.
- each capacitor for the high-potential side battery cell of the battery cells having a high voltage to ground is required to be configured by a high-voltage capacitor. This raises a problem of drastically increasing the cost incurred in manufacturing the battery monitoring apparatus.
- the present disclosure relates to a battery monitoring apparatus that monitors a battery pack which is configured by a plurality of serially-connected battery cells.
- a battery monitoring apparatus including: a plurality of connection lines that are connected to each of a pair of positive and negative electrode terminals of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series to form a battery pack; a monitoring circuit that is provided with a pair of sensing terminals for each pair of positive and negative electrode terminals of each of the plurality of battery cells, and that includes a voltage detection circuit which detects a cell voltage applied to the pair of sensing terminals; a first filter circuit that is provided in a pair of connection lines of the plurality of connection lines connected to the pair of sensing terminals and removes noise generated between the pair of connection lines; and a second filter circuit that removes noise.
- the plurality of connection lines includes a plurality of common lines and first and second branch lines.
- the plurality of common lines are connected to a plurality of common terminals which are located between adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells and shared between a negative electrode terminal of a high-potential side battery cell of the adjacent battery cells and a positive terminal of a low-potential side battery cell of the adjacent battery cells.
- the first and second branch lines are branched from each of the common lines.
- the first branch line is connected to the negative electrode terminal of the high-potential side battery cell.
- the second branch line is connected to the positive terminal of the low-potential side battery cell.
- the first filter circuit includes first resistors that are located on the first and second branch lines connected to the pair of sensing terminals, and a first capacitor that is located between the first and second branch lines connected to the pair of sensing terminals.
- the second filter circuit includes a second resistor that is located on the plurality of connection lines, and a second capacitor that is connected in series between the plurality of connection lines without passing through the first resistors and the second resistor.
- the second filter circuit has a filter configuration in which the second capacitors are serially connected without passing through resistance elements.
- a cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit may be set to be larger than a cutoff frequency of the first filter circuit.
- the cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit is ensured to be larger than the cutoff frequency of the first filter circuit. This can minimize the fluctuation of the cutoff frequency in the first filter circuit, the fluctuation being attributed to the addition of the second filter circuit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring apparatus, according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second filter circuit, according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring apparatus, according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a second filter circuit according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a filter circuit based on conventional art
- FIG. 6 is a Bode diagram showing frequency characteristics of a filter circuit in related art
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a filter circuit in related art.
- FIG. 8 is a Bode diagram showing frequency characteristics of the filter circuit in related art.
- a battery monitoring apparatus 2 is applied to a battery pack 1 which is installed in a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
- the battery pack 1 and the battery monitoring apparatus 2 configure a battery system for vehicles.
- the battery pack 1 serves as a power source that mainly supplies electric power to an electric motor, not shown, used for driving, as well as to various electrical loads installed in the vehicle.
- the battery pack 1 is configured as a serial connection in which a plurality of battery cells 10 composed of secondary cells, such as lithium-ion cells, are connected in series.
- the battery pack 1 is configured by five battery cells 10 .
- the number of the battery cells 10 configuring the battery pack 1 is not limited to five.
- the battery monitoring apparatus 2 that monitors the state of the battery pack 1 mainly includes a plurality of connecting lines which are connected to the terminals at both ends of the individual battery cells 10 .
- the battery monitoring apparatus 2 also includes a first filter circuit 4 , a second filter circuit 3 , a monitoring circuit 5 and a control unit, not shown.
- the connecting lines in the present embodiment include common lines Lc, first and second branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 , a power source line Lp, and a ground line Lg described below.
- the connecting lines include the common lines Lc.
- Each of common lines Lc is connected to a common terminal P which is located between adjacent battery cells 10 and shared between the negative electrode terminal of a high-potential side battery cell 10 (hereinafter also referred to as “high-potential battery cell”) and the positive electrode terminal of a low-potential side battery cell 10 (hereinafter also referred to as “low-potential battery cell”).
- the connecting lines include the first and second branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 branched from each of the common lines Lc.
- the pairs of branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 connect, via the respective common lines Lc, the terminals at both electrode terminals (positive and negative electrode terminals) of the individual battery cells to respective pairs of sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b provided to the monitoring circuit 5 .
- each first branch line Ld 1 one end is connected to the common line Lc, and the other end is connected to a sensing terminal 5 b that is provided to the monitoring circuit 5 (described later) and corresponds to the negative electrode terminal of a high-potential battery cell.
- each second branch line Ld 2 one of both ends is connected to the common line Lc, and the other of both ends is connected to a sensing terminal 5 a that is provided to the monitoring circuit 5 and corresponds to the positive electrode terminal of a low-potential battery cell.
- the positive electrode terminal is connected to the connecting line functioning as the power source line Lp that is connected to a power source terminal 5 c of the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the negative electrode terminal is connected to the connecting line functioning as the ground line Lg that is connected to a ground terminal 5 d of the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the first filter circuit 4 is provided to pairs of connecting lines, which are connected to the respective pairs of sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b that are provided to the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the first filter circuit 4 serves as a low-pass filter that removes noise (differential noise) generated between connecting lines in a pair.
- the first filter circuit 4 of the present embodiment is configured by a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) filters that are provided for the respective battery cells 10 .
- the first filter circuit 4 includes a set of resistors (first resistors) 41 and 42 , and first capacitors 43 .
- the resistors 41 and 42 are disposed in the branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 , respectively, which are connected to the pair of electrode terminals of the corresponding one of the battery cells 10 .
- the first capacitors 43 are disposed between the branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 which are connected to the pair of electrode terminals of the corresponding one of the battery cells 10 .
- the number of the components of the first filter circuit 4 in the current paths, which are formed by the connecting lines, is the same between the current paths. Accordingly, fluctuation of the cutoff frequency between the current paths is minimized in the first filter circuit 4 .
- the second filter circuit 3 removes noise which is difficult to be attenuated by the first filter circuit 4 .
- the noise is common mode noise generated between the ground line Lg or the power source line Lp and the individual connecting lines.
- the second filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of RC filters that correspond to the respective battery cells 10 .
- each of the ends thereof is connected to both of the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg.
- the second filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment includes second resistors 31 disposed in the respective connecting lines, and second capacitors 32 , each being connected between the connecting lines.
- the second resistors 31 are disposed in the respective common lines Lc.
- the second resistors 31 also function as current limiting means that limit the flow of current between the battery pack 1 and the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the second capacitors 32 which are each disposed between the common lines Lc, are connected in series without passing through the second resistors 31 .
- the serially connected second capacitors 32 function as a bypass for common mode noise. No resistance components are interposed into the serially connected second capacitors 32 , and then, no resistance components are applied to an output Vout side of the RC filters that correspond to the respective battery cells 10 . Accordingly, in the event that common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, the common mode noise is sufficiently attenuated in a high-frequency range.
- the cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit 3 is designed so as to be higher than the cutoff frequency of the first filter circuit 4 .
- each second resistor 31 is configured by an element whose resistance is smaller (e.g., 10 ⁇ ) than the resistance of each of the first resistors 41 and 42 (e.g., 160 ⁇ ).
- each second capacitor 32 is configured by an element whose capacity is smaller (e.g., half) than that of each first capacitor 43 .
- the monitoring circuit 5 serves as a voltage monitoring means that monitors the cell voltage of each of the battery cells 10 of the battery pack 1 .
- the monitoring circuit 5 is an integrated circuit that includes a multiplexer 51 , a voltage detection circuit 52 and a power source circuit 53 .
- the monitoring circuit 5 is provided with the pairs of sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b that correspond to the respective battery cells 10 . Specifically, the sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b in each pair correspond to a pair of electrode terminals of the corresponding one of the battery cells 10 .
- the monitoring circuit 5 is configured to be driven, using the battery pack 1 as a power source, and is provided with the power source terminal 5 c connected to the power source line Lp, and a ground terminal 5 d connected to the ground line Lg.
- the multiplexer 51 includes groups of switches to selectively connect each pair of sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b that correspond to the pair of electrode terminals of the corresponding one of the battery cells 10 , to the voltage detection circuit 52 .
- the multiplexer 51 includes positive-electrode-side switches 51 a connected to the respective sensing terminals 5 a which correspond to the positive electrode terminals of the respective battery cells 10 , and includes negative-electrode-side switches 51 b connected to the respective sensing terminals 5 b which correspond to the negative electrode terminals of the respective battery cells 10 .
- Each of the switches 51 a and 51 b is a semiconductor switch configured such as by a transistor.
- the switches 51 a and 51 b are turned on in response to a control signal received from the control unit which will be described later.
- the switches 51 a and 51 b that are turned on correspond to the pair of electrode terminals of the battery cell 10 which is a voltage-detected target.
- the voltage detection circuit 52 amplifies and detects a potential difference between the paired sensing terminals 51 and 5 b which correspond to the pair of electrode terminals of the battery cell 10 which is a voltage-detected target.
- the voltage detection circuit 52 includes a differential amplifier circuit 521 and an AD (analog-to-digital) converter (ADC) 522 .
- AD analog-to-digital converter
- the differential amplifier circuit 521 includes a plurality of resistors 521 a, 521 b, 521 c and 521 d, and an operational amplifier 521 e.
- the operational amplifier 521 e has a non-inverted input terminal (+) and an inverted input terminal ( ⁇ ).
- the non-inverted input terminal (+) is connected to a connection point between the resistor 521 a and the resistor 521 b.
- the resistor 521 a is connected to the individual positive-electrode-side switches 51 a.
- the resistor 521 b is connected to the ground.
- the inverted input terminal ( ⁇ ) is connected to a connection point between the resistor 521 c and the resistor 521 d.
- the resistor 521 c is connected to the individual negative-electrode-side switches 51 b.
- the resistor 521 d is connected to an output terminal of the operational amplifier 521 e.
- the AD converter 522 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 521 e.
- the AD converter 522 converts an analog signal that has been amplified by the differential amplifier circuit 521 to the corresponding digital signal which is equivalent to the voltage of the battery cell 10 , and outputs the converted digital signal to the control unit.
- the control unit includes a microcomputer and its peripheral devices.
- the microcomputer includes a central processing unit (CPU) and various memories that configure a storage means.
- the control unit is ensured to perform various processes according to a control program stored in the storage means.
- the control unit of the present embodiment outputs various control signals or the like to the monitoring circuit 5 , and monitors the state of the battery cells 10 on the basis of the results of monitoring, which have been acquired from the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the control unit outputs a control signal at a predetermined timing to the monitoring circuit 5 to instruct detection of the cell voltages of the individual battery cells 10 .
- the switches 51 a and 51 b of the multiplexer 51 are turned on/off in a predetermined order, in response to the control signal.
- the cell voltages of the battery cells 10 are sequentially applied to the respective pairs of sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b of the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the voltage applied to each of the pairs of sensing terminals 5 a and 5 b is detected by the voltage detection circuit 52 and outputted to the control unit as the results of the monitoring of the cell voltages of the battery cells 10 of the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the battery monitoring apparatus 2 of the present embodiment includes the first filter circuit 4 and the second filter circuit 3 .
- the first filter circuit 4 removes noise generated between the connecting lines which connect the battery cells 10 to the monitoring circuit 5 .
- the second filter circuit 3 removes noise which is difficult to be removed by the first filter circuit 4 .
- the second filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment has a filter configuration in which the second capacitors 32 are connected in series without passing through the second resistors 31 . Accordingly, no resistance components are applied to the output side of the RC filters that correspond to the respective plurality of battery cells 10 . Thus, even when common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, the second filter circuit 3 is able to sufficiently attenuate the common mode noise in a high-frequency range.
- the second filter circuit 3 has a configuration in which the second capacitors 32 are connected in series. Thus, it is not required to increase the capacity of each of the capacitors that correspond to the respective high-potential side battery cells 10 , unlike in a ground-type filter in which the individual capacitors are directly connected to the ground.
- the impact of common mode noise on the monitoring circuit 5 side is minimized, without the necessity of providing a ground-type filter configuration.
- the cost incurred in manufacturing the battery monitoring apparatus 2 is remarkably reduced and the noise immunity of the battery monitoring apparatus 2 can be enhanced.
- the circuit configuration of the second filter circuit 3 is designed such that the cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit 3 is higher than that of the first filter circuit 4 .
- Such a circuit configuration can minimize the fluctuation in the cutoff frequency of the first filter circuit 4 , the fluctuation being attributed to the addition of the second filter circuit 3 .
- FIGS. 3 and 4 hereinafter is described a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the circuit configuration of the second filter circuit 3 .
- an explanation of components identical with or similar to each other between the first embodiment are omitted or simplified.
- the second capacitors 32 of the second filter circuit 3 are each connected between the first and second branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 of the respective connecting lines.
- the second capacitors 32 of the second filter circuit 3 is connected in series with the first capacitors 43 of the second filter circuit 4 , without passing through the first resistors 41 and 42 .
- each of the first capacitors 43 is connected between the second branch line Ld 2 and the first branch line Ld 1 of a pair of common lines Lc which are connected to the pair of electrode terminals of a single battery cell 10 .
- the second branch line Ld 2 is branched from the high-potential side common line Lc, while the first branch line Ld 1 is branched from the low-potential side common line Lc.
- each second capacitor 32 is connected between the first and second branch lines Ld 1 and Ld 2 which are branched from a single common line Lc.
- the first capacitors 43 are connected in series with the second capacitors 32 , so that the serially connected capacitors 32 and 43 function as a bypass for common mode noise.
- the first capacitors 43 of the first filter circuit 4 are shared, as capacitor components, with the second filter circuit 3 .
- the serially connected capacitors 32 and 43 have no interpositions of resistance elements, i.e. the first resistors 41 and 42 and the second resistors 31 . Accordingly, no resistance components are applied to the output Vout side of the RC filters that correspond to the respective plurality of battery cells 10 . For this reason, even when common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, the second filter circuit 3 is able to sufficiently attenuate the common mode noise in a high-frequency range.
- the rest of the configuration and operation is similar to the first embodiment.
- the impact of common mode noise on the monitoring circuit 5 is minimized, without the necessity of providing a ground-type filter configuration.
- the cost incurred in the manufacture of the battery monitoring apparatus 2 is reduced to a great extent, and noise immunity of the battery monitoring apparatus 2 is enhanced.
- the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments but may be variously modified as exemplified in the following embodiments.
- each of the ends of the second filter circuit 3 is connected to both of the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg.
- an end of the second filter circuit 3 may be connected to either one of the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg.
- the cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit 3 is lower than that of the first filter circuit 4 .
- the cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit 3 may be set to any level.
- the foregoing embodiments have been described, taking an example in which a single monitoring circuit 5 is connected to the battery pack 1 .
- the plurality of battery cells 10 of the battery pack 1 may be divided into groups to form battery blocks, each of which includes a predetermined number of battery cells 10 .
- the monitoring circuit 5 may be connected to each of the battery blocks.
- the battery monitoring apparatus 2 is applied to the battery pack 1 which is installed in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
- the battery monitoring apparatus 2 may be applied such as to a stationary-type battery pack 1 .
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Abstract
Description
- This application is based on and claims the benefit of priority from earlier Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-282694 filed on Dec. 26, 2012, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- 1. Technical Field
- The present invention relates to a battery monitoring apparatus that includes a monitoring circuit for monitoring individual cell voltages of a plurality of battery cells which are connected in series to form a battery pack.
- 2. Related Art
- A battery monitoring apparatus in related art is proposed that includes a monitoring circuit and a low-pass filter (for example, see JP-A-2012-159406). The monitoring circuit is provided with a plurality of pairs of sensing terminals for a plurality of battery cells. The pairs of sensing terminals are associated with the plurality of battery cells of which positive and negative electrode terminals are connected to each of the sensing terminals in a pair via individual connecting lines. The low-pass filter is disposed on the connecting lines.
- Each of a plurality of current paths is formed between each of the battery cells and the monitoring circuit via the corresponding connecting lines. In the case where the number of components of the low-pass filter is different between the current paths, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter may be varied.
- From this, a circuit configuration of JP-A-2012-159406 is designed such that the low-pass filter is configured by an RC (resistor-capacitor) filter composed of a resistor and a capacitor with the same number of components of the low-pass filter between the current paths.
- Specifically, the connecting lines on the battery pack side are provided with a plurality of common lines. Each of the common lines is connected to the negative electrode terminal of a high-potential side battery cell of serially connected adjacent battery cells and to the positive electrode terminal of a low-potential side battery cell of serially connected adjacent battery cells.
- The connecting lines on the monitoring circuit side are provided with two branch lines into which each of the common lines is branched. One of the two branch lines is connected to a sensing terminal that corresponds to the negative electrode terminal of the high-potential side battery cell. The other of the two branch lines is connected to a sensing terminal that corresponds to the positive electrode terminal of the low-potential side battery cell.
- The low-pass filter includes resistors and capacitors. The resistors are located on a pair of branch lines that correspond to a pair of terminals (positive and negative electrode terminals) of the monitoring circuit. The capacitors are located between the pair of branch lines.
- The filter configuration disclosed in JP-A-2012-159406 has a feature of sufficiently attenuating differential noise (in-phase fluctuation) generated between the individual connecting lines that connect the battery cells to the monitoring circuit. However, this filter configuration is not able to sufficiently attenuate common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) generated between the individual connecting lines and a ground line.
- This will be specifically described referring to
FIGS. 5 to 8 .FIGS. 5 and 7 show an example in which afilter circuit 300 in related art is disposed between abattery pack 100 and amonitoring circuit 200.FIGS. 6 and 8 show Bode diagrams for explaining filter characteristics. - The
filter circuit 300 inFIG. 5 has filter characteristics of which a transfer function G(s) (=Vo1/Vi1) of an RC filter for asingle battery cell 100 a is expressed by the following formula F1 and, as shown inFIG. 6 , sufficient attenuation is achieved in a high-frequency range in which the frequency f becomes higher than the cutoff frequency fc. -
G(s)=(Vo1/Vi1)=1/(1+2RCs) (F1) - The
filter circuit 300 inFIG. 7 has filter characteristics of which a transfer function G(s) (Vo2/Vi2) of an RC filter forn battery cells 100 a is expressed by the following formula F2 and, as shown inFIG. 8 , sufficient attenuation is not achieved in the high-frequency range in which the frequency f becomes higher than the cutoff frequency fc, because resistance components are applied to the output Vo2. -
(Vo2/Vi2)=[2{(n−1)/n}RCs+1]/(1+2nRCs) (F2) - In this way, common mode noise is not sufficiently attenuated in the filter configuration disclosed in JP-A-2012-159406, and there is a probability that the common mode noise would enter the monitoring circuit, which leads to the probability of causing malfunction in the monitoring circuit.
- In order to cope with common mode noise, a ground-type filter configuration, in which the capacitors are directly grounded for each of the connecting lines, may be used.
- In this case, each capacitor for the high-potential side battery cell of the battery cells having a high voltage to ground is required to be configured by a high-voltage capacitor. This raises a problem of drastically increasing the cost incurred in manufacturing the battery monitoring apparatus.
- It is thus desired to provide a battery monitoring apparatus which is able to minimize the impact of common mode noise on a monitoring circuit, without the necessity of providing a ground-type filter configuration.
- The present disclosure relates to a battery monitoring apparatus that monitors a battery pack which is configured by a plurality of serially-connected battery cells.
- According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a battery monitoring apparatus including: a plurality of connection lines that are connected to each of a pair of positive and negative electrode terminals of each of a plurality of battery cells connected in series to form a battery pack; a monitoring circuit that is provided with a pair of sensing terminals for each pair of positive and negative electrode terminals of each of the plurality of battery cells, and that includes a voltage detection circuit which detects a cell voltage applied to the pair of sensing terminals; a first filter circuit that is provided in a pair of connection lines of the plurality of connection lines connected to the pair of sensing terminals and removes noise generated between the pair of connection lines; and a second filter circuit that removes noise.
- In the battery monitoring apparatus of the exemplary embodiment, the plurality of connection lines includes a plurality of common lines and first and second branch lines. The plurality of common lines are connected to a plurality of common terminals which are located between adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells and shared between a negative electrode terminal of a high-potential side battery cell of the adjacent battery cells and a positive terminal of a low-potential side battery cell of the adjacent battery cells. The first and second branch lines are branched from each of the common lines. The first branch line is connected to the negative electrode terminal of the high-potential side battery cell. The second branch line is connected to the positive terminal of the low-potential side battery cell.
- The first filter circuit includes first resistors that are located on the first and second branch lines connected to the pair of sensing terminals, and a first capacitor that is located between the first and second branch lines connected to the pair of sensing terminals. The second filter circuit includes a second resistor that is located on the plurality of connection lines, and a second capacitor that is connected in series between the plurality of connection lines without passing through the first resistors and the second resistor.
- Thus, the second filter circuit has a filter configuration in which the second capacitors are serially connected without passing through resistance elements. With this filter configuration, common mode noise that would enter the monitoring circuit is sufficiently attenuated in the second filter circuit. Accordingly, the impact of common mode noise on the monitoring circuit is minimized, without the necessity of providing a ground-type filter configuration.
- In the battery monitoring apparatus of the of the exemplary embodiment, a cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit may be set to be larger than a cutoff frequency of the first filter circuit.
- Thus, the cutoff frequency of the second filter circuit is ensured to be larger than the cutoff frequency of the first filter circuit. This can minimize the fluctuation of the cutoff frequency in the first filter circuit, the fluctuation being attributed to the addition of the second filter circuit.
- In the accompanying drawings:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring apparatus, according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second filter circuit, according to the first embodiment; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery monitoring apparatus, according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a second filter circuit according to the second embodiment; -
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a filter circuit based on conventional art; -
FIG. 6 is a Bode diagram showing frequency characteristics of a filter circuit in related art; -
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a filter circuit in related art; and -
FIG. 8 is a Bode diagram showing frequency characteristics of the filter circuit in related art. - Hereinafter, some embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following embodiments, components identical with or similar to each other between the embodiments are given the same reference numerals.
- Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , a first embodiment of the present invention is described. In the present embodiment, abattery monitoring apparatus 2 is applied to abattery pack 1 which is installed in a vehicle such as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. In this embodiment, thebattery pack 1 and thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 configure a battery system for vehicles. - The
battery pack 1 serves as a power source that mainly supplies electric power to an electric motor, not shown, used for driving, as well as to various electrical loads installed in the vehicle. As shown inFIG. 1 , thebattery pack 1 is configured as a serial connection in which a plurality ofbattery cells 10 composed of secondary cells, such as lithium-ion cells, are connected in series. In the example shown inFIG. 1 , thebattery pack 1 is configured by fivebattery cells 10. However, the number of thebattery cells 10 configuring thebattery pack 1 is not limited to five. - The
battery monitoring apparatus 2 that monitors the state of thebattery pack 1 mainly includes a plurality of connecting lines which are connected to the terminals at both ends of theindividual battery cells 10. Thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 also includes afirst filter circuit 4, asecond filter circuit 3, amonitoring circuit 5 and a control unit, not shown. - The connecting lines in the present embodiment include common lines Lc, first and second branch lines Ld1 and Ld2, a power source line Lp, and a ground line Lg described below.
- Specifically, on the
battery pack 1 side, the connecting lines include the common lines Lc. Each of common lines Lc is connected to a common terminal P which is located betweenadjacent battery cells 10 and shared between the negative electrode terminal of a high-potential side battery cell 10 (hereinafter also referred to as “high-potential battery cell”) and the positive electrode terminal of a low-potential side battery cell 10 (hereinafter also referred to as “low-potential battery cell”). - On the
monitoring circuit 5 side, the connecting lines include the first and second branch lines Ld1 and Ld2 branched from each of the common lines Lc. The pairs of branch lines Ld1 and Ld2 connect, via the respective common lines Lc, the terminals at both electrode terminals (positive and negative electrode terminals) of the individual battery cells to respective pairs ofsensing terminals monitoring circuit 5. - Specifically, in each first branch line Ld1, one end is connected to the common line Lc, and the other end is connected to a
sensing terminal 5 b that is provided to the monitoring circuit 5 (described later) and corresponds to the negative electrode terminal of a high-potential battery cell. In each second branch line Ld2, one of both ends is connected to the common line Lc, and the other of both ends is connected to asensing terminal 5 a that is provided to themonitoring circuit 5 and corresponds to the positive electrode terminal of a low-potential battery cell. - In the
battery cell 10 having a highest potential among thebattery cells 10, the positive electrode terminal is connected to the connecting line functioning as the power source line Lp that is connected to apower source terminal 5 c of themonitoring circuit 5. In thebattery cell 10 having a lowest potential among thebattery cells 10, the negative electrode terminal is connected to the connecting line functioning as the ground line Lg that is connected to aground terminal 5 d of themonitoring circuit 5. - The
first filter circuit 4 is provided to pairs of connecting lines, which are connected to the respective pairs ofsensing terminals monitoring circuit 5. Thefirst filter circuit 4 serves as a low-pass filter that removes noise (differential noise) generated between connecting lines in a pair. Thefirst filter circuit 4 of the present embodiment is configured by a plurality of RC (resistor-capacitor) filters that are provided for therespective battery cells 10. - Specifically, the
first filter circuit 4 includes a set of resistors (first resistors) 41 and 42, andfirst capacitors 43. Theresistors battery cells 10. Thefirst capacitors 43 are disposed between the branch lines Ld1 and Ld2 which are connected to the pair of electrode terminals of the corresponding one of thebattery cells 10. - In the
first filter circuit 4 configured as described above, the number of the components of thefirst filter circuit 4 in the current paths, which are formed by the connecting lines, is the same between the current paths. Accordingly, fluctuation of the cutoff frequency between the current paths is minimized in thefirst filter circuit 4. - However, in the
first filter circuit 4, resistance components are applied to the output side of the RC filters that correspond to the respective plurality ofbattery cells 10. Therefore, when common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, it is difficult to sufficiently attenuate the common mode noise in a high-frequency range. - The
second filter circuit 3 removes noise which is difficult to be attenuated by thefirst filter circuit 4. The noise is common mode noise generated between the ground line Lg or the power source line Lp and the individual connecting lines. Thesecond filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of RC filters that correspond to therespective battery cells 10. - There is a probability that common mode noise enters the
monitoring circuit 5 through both the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg. Therefore, in thesecond filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment, each of the ends thereof is connected to both of the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg. - The
second filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment includessecond resistors 31 disposed in the respective connecting lines, andsecond capacitors 32, each being connected between the connecting lines. - Specifically, the
second resistors 31 are disposed in the respective common lines Lc. Thesecond resistors 31 also function as current limiting means that limit the flow of current between thebattery pack 1 and themonitoring circuit 5. Thesecond capacitors 32, which are each disposed between the common lines Lc, are connected in series without passing through thesecond resistors 31. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , in thesecond filter circuit 3 configured as described above, the serially connectedsecond capacitors 32 function as a bypass for common mode noise. No resistance components are interposed into the serially connectedsecond capacitors 32, and then, no resistance components are applied to an output Vout side of the RC filters that correspond to therespective battery cells 10. Accordingly, in the event that common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, the common mode noise is sufficiently attenuated in a high-frequency range. - In the present embodiment, the cutoff frequency of the
second filter circuit 3 is designed so as to be higher than the cutoff frequency of thefirst filter circuit 4. Specifically, in thesecond filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment, eachsecond resistor 31 is configured by an element whose resistance is smaller (e.g., 10Ω) than the resistance of each of thefirst resistors 41 and 42 (e.g., 160Ω). Also, eachsecond capacitor 32 is configured by an element whose capacity is smaller (e.g., half) than that of eachfirst capacitor 43. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , themonitoring circuit 5 serves as a voltage monitoring means that monitors the cell voltage of each of thebattery cells 10 of thebattery pack 1. Specifically, themonitoring circuit 5 is an integrated circuit that includes amultiplexer 51, avoltage detection circuit 52 and apower source circuit 53. - The
monitoring circuit 5 is provided with the pairs ofsensing terminals respective battery cells 10. Specifically, thesensing terminals battery cells 10. Themonitoring circuit 5 is configured to be driven, using thebattery pack 1 as a power source, and is provided with thepower source terminal 5 c connected to the power source line Lp, and aground terminal 5 d connected to the ground line Lg. - The
multiplexer 51 includes groups of switches to selectively connect each pair ofsensing terminals battery cells 10, to thevoltage detection circuit 52. Specifically, themultiplexer 51 includes positive-electrode-side switches 51 a connected to therespective sensing terminals 5 a which correspond to the positive electrode terminals of therespective battery cells 10, and includes negative-electrode-side switches 51 b connected to therespective sensing terminals 5 b which correspond to the negative electrode terminals of therespective battery cells 10. - Each of the
switches switches switches battery cell 10 which is a voltage-detected target. - The
voltage detection circuit 52 amplifies and detects a potential difference between the pairedsensing terminals battery cell 10 which is a voltage-detected target. Thevoltage detection circuit 52 includes adifferential amplifier circuit 521 and an AD (analog-to-digital) converter (ADC) 522. - The
differential amplifier circuit 521 includes a plurality ofresistors operational amplifier 521 e. Theoperational amplifier 521 e has a non-inverted input terminal (+) and an inverted input terminal (−). The non-inverted input terminal (+) is connected to a connection point between the resistor 521 a and theresistor 521 b. Theresistor 521 a is connected to the individual positive-electrode-side switches 51 a. Theresistor 521 b is connected to the ground. The inverted input terminal (−) is connected to a connection point between theresistor 521 c and theresistor 521 d. Theresistor 521 c is connected to the individual negative-electrode-side switches 51 b. Theresistor 521 d is connected to an output terminal of theoperational amplifier 521 e. - The
AD converter 522 is connected to the output terminal of theoperational amplifier 521 e. TheAD converter 522 converts an analog signal that has been amplified by thedifferential amplifier circuit 521 to the corresponding digital signal which is equivalent to the voltage of thebattery cell 10, and outputs the converted digital signal to the control unit. - The control unit includes a microcomputer and its peripheral devices. The microcomputer includes a central processing unit (CPU) and various memories that configure a storage means. The control unit is ensured to perform various processes according to a control program stored in the storage means. The control unit of the present embodiment outputs various control signals or the like to the
monitoring circuit 5, and monitors the state of thebattery cells 10 on the basis of the results of monitoring, which have been acquired from themonitoring circuit 5. - Next, the operation of the
battery monitoring apparatus 2 in detecting cell voltages of thebattery cells 10 is described. First, the control unit outputs a control signal at a predetermined timing to themonitoring circuit 5 to instruct detection of the cell voltages of theindividual battery cells 10. - In the
monitoring circuit 5, theswitches multiplexer 51 are turned on/off in a predetermined order, in response to the control signal. Thus, the cell voltages of thebattery cells 10 are sequentially applied to the respective pairs ofsensing terminals monitoring circuit 5. Then, the voltage applied to each of the pairs ofsensing terminals voltage detection circuit 52 and outputted to the control unit as the results of the monitoring of the cell voltages of thebattery cells 10 of themonitoring circuit 5. - As described above, the
battery monitoring apparatus 2 of the present embodiment includes thefirst filter circuit 4 and thesecond filter circuit 3. Thefirst filter circuit 4 removes noise generated between the connecting lines which connect thebattery cells 10 to themonitoring circuit 5. Thesecond filter circuit 3 removes noise which is difficult to be removed by thefirst filter circuit 4. - The
second filter circuit 3 of the present embodiment has a filter configuration in which thesecond capacitors 32 are connected in series without passing through thesecond resistors 31. Accordingly, no resistance components are applied to the output side of the RC filters that correspond to the respective plurality ofbattery cells 10. Thus, even when common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, thesecond filter circuit 3 is able to sufficiently attenuate the common mode noise in a high-frequency range. - The
second filter circuit 3 has a configuration in which thesecond capacitors 32 are connected in series. Thus, it is not required to increase the capacity of each of the capacitors that correspond to the respective high-potentialside battery cells 10, unlike in a ground-type filter in which the individual capacitors are directly connected to the ground. - According to the
battery monitoring apparatus 2 of the present embodiment, the impact of common mode noise on themonitoring circuit 5 side is minimized, without the necessity of providing a ground-type filter configuration. As a result, the cost incurred in manufacturing thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 is remarkably reduced and the noise immunity of thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 can be enhanced. - In the present embodiment, the circuit configuration of the
second filter circuit 3 is designed such that the cutoff frequency of thesecond filter circuit 3 is higher than that of thefirst filter circuit 4. - Such a circuit configuration can minimize the fluctuation in the cutoff frequency of the
first filter circuit 4, the fluctuation being attributed to the addition of thesecond filter circuit 3. - Referring now to
FIGS. 3 and 4 , hereinafter is described a second embodiment of the present invention. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the circuit configuration of thesecond filter circuit 3. In the present embodiment, an explanation of components identical with or similar to each other between the first embodiment are omitted or simplified. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , in the present embodiment, thesecond capacitors 32 of thesecond filter circuit 3 are each connected between the first and second branch lines Ld1 and Ld2 of the respective connecting lines. In this case, thesecond capacitors 32 of thesecond filter circuit 3 is connected in series with thefirst capacitors 43 of thesecond filter circuit 4, without passing through thefirst resistors - Specifically, each of the
first capacitors 43 is connected between the second branch line Ld2 and the first branch line Ld1 of a pair of common lines Lc which are connected to the pair of electrode terminals of asingle battery cell 10. In this case, the second branch line Ld2 is branched from the high-potential side common line Lc, while the first branch line Ld1 is branched from the low-potential side common line Lc. In contrast, eachsecond capacitor 32 is connected between the first and second branch lines Ld1 and Ld2 which are branched from a single common line Lc. - As shown in
FIG. 4 , in thesecond filter circuit 3 configured in this way, thefirst capacitors 43 are connected in series with thesecond capacitors 32, so that the serially connectedcapacitors first capacitors 43 of thefirst filter circuit 4 are shared, as capacitor components, with thesecond filter circuit 3. - Also, the serially connected
capacitors first resistors second resistors 31. Accordingly, no resistance components are applied to the output Vout side of the RC filters that correspond to the respective plurality ofbattery cells 10. For this reason, even when common mode noise (in-phase fluctuation) is generated in the common lines Lc, thesecond filter circuit 3 is able to sufficiently attenuate the common mode noise in a high-frequency range. The rest of the configuration and operation is similar to the first embodiment. - Thus, according to the
battery monitoring apparatus 2 of the present embodiment, the impact of common mode noise on themonitoring circuit 5 is minimized, without the necessity of providing a ground-type filter configuration. As a result, the cost incurred in the manufacture of thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 is reduced to a great extent, and noise immunity of thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 is enhanced. - As a matter of course, the elements configuring the embodiments described above are not necessarily essential, unless essentiality is particularly and explicitly mentioned, or unless essentiality is considered to be apparent in principle.
- Further, the numerical values, such as the number of components, numerical values, amounts and ranges, when referred to in the foregoing embodiments, are not limited to the specified numerical values, unless essentiality is particularly and explicitly mentioned, or unless the numerical values are apparently limited to the specified numerical values in principle.
- Furthermore, the shapes, positional relationships and the like of the components, when referred to in the foregoing embodiments, are not limited to these shapes, positional relationships and the like, unless limitation is particularly and explicitly mentioned, or unless the shapes, positional relationships and the like are limited in principle to specified ones
- Thus, the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments but may be variously modified as exemplified in the following embodiments.
- (1) As in the foregoing embodiments, it is desirable that, taking account of the entry of common mode noise via the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg, each of the ends of the
second filter circuit 3 is connected to both of the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg. However, this shall not impose a limitation. For example, an end of thesecond filter circuit 3 may be connected to either one of the power source line Lp and the ground line Lg. - (2) As in the foregoing embodiments, it is desirable that the cutoff frequency of the
second filter circuit 3 is lower than that of thefirst filter circuit 4. However, for example, when fluctuation in the cutoff frequency is unlikely to raise a problem, the cutoff frequency of thesecond filter circuit 3 may be set to any level. - (3) The foregoing embodiments have been described, taking an example in which a
single monitoring circuit 5 is connected to thebattery pack 1. However, this shall not impose a limitation. The plurality ofbattery cells 10 of thebattery pack 1 may be divided into groups to form battery blocks, each of which includes a predetermined number ofbattery cells 10. Then, themonitoring circuit 5 may be connected to each of the battery blocks. - (4) The foregoing embodiments have been described, taking an example in which the
battery monitoring apparatus 2 is applied to thebattery pack 1 which is installed in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. However, not being limited to thebattery pack 1 installed in a vehicle, thebattery monitoring apparatus 2 may be applied such as to a stationary-type battery pack 1.
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