US20140071592A1 - Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches Download PDFInfo
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- US20140071592A1 US20140071592A1 US14/017,931 US201314017931A US2014071592A1 US 20140071592 A1 US20140071592 A1 US 20140071592A1 US 201314017931 A US201314017931 A US 201314017931A US 2014071592 A1 US2014071592 A1 US 2014071592A1
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- Prior art keywords
- disconnect
- switch
- arm
- disconnects
- remote receiver
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/72—Investigating presence of flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3272—Apparatus, systems or circuits therefor
- G01R31/3274—Details related to measuring, e.g. sensing, displaying or computing; Measuring of variables related to the contact pieces, e.g. wear, position or resistance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B5/00—Non-enclosed substations; Substations with enclosed and non-enclosed equipment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J11/00—Circuit arrangements for providing service supply to auxiliaries of stations in which electric power is generated, distributed or converted
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/16—Electric power substations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
Definitions
- This application relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches. More particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method for continuously monitoring temperatures of substation disconnects and transmission line switches.
- Substation disconnects and transmission line switches are used to physically disconnect circuits to ensure that there is no electrical connection.
- switches There are different types of switches, some which rely on rotation of an arm, FIG. 1 , and others where the arm rotates around a pivot point at one end of the arm, FIG. 2 .
- the electrical connection between the two sides of the switch is made by the arm making electrical connection into “jaws”.
- Infrared inspections are the most common methods of identifying high risk disconnects.
- heating only happens at times of high loading—which may not be at the time of inspection;
- inspections are generally performed one or two times per year;
- only severely degraded units are identified as small temperature differences are hard to identify and diagnose.
- a method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches includes the step of providing an apparatus adapted to measure, process, and transmit data associated with a disconnect or switch. The method further includes the steps of positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to the disconnect or switch, using the apparatus to collect data of the disconnect or switch and processing the data for transmission to a remote receiver, and transmitting the processed data to a remote receiver.
- a method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches including the steps of providing an apparatus having a temperature measurement device, a processor, and a transmitter. The method further including the steps of positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to a disconnect or switch, positioning the temperature measurement device in thermal contact with the disconnect or switch, using the processor to process temperature measured by the temperature measurement device, and using the transmitter to transmit the processed temperature measurements to a remote receiver.
- a method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches including steps of providing an apparatus having an arm position indicator, a processor, and a transmitter. The method further including the steps of positioning the apparatus on an arm of the disconnect or switch, using the arm position indicator to determine a location of the arm, using the processor to process a signal from the arm position indicator representative of the location of the arm, and using the transmitter to transmit the processed signal to a remote receiver.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a disconnect with horizontal arms
- FIG. 2 shows a disconnect where the arm moves in a vertical plane
- FIG. 3 shows a transmission line disconnect
- FIG. 4 is an infra-red image of two disconnects over-heating
- FIG. 5 shows wireless disconnect sensors that measure temperature
- FIG. 6 shows a wireless sensor installed on a moving arm
- FIG. 7 shows a wireless sensor installed on a stationary jaw side of disconnect.
- FIGS. 5-7 an exemplary apparatus for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 and shown generally at reference numeral 10 .
- the apparatus 10 is an RF wireless sensor that can be installed on a moveable arm, FIG. 6 , or on a stationary jaw side, FIG. 7 .
- the apparatus 10 may be powered by a battery, by power harvesting from an AC magnetic field using a coil and inductor, and/or a battery or supercapacitor or combo thereof which is recharged by the AC magnetic field.
- the apparatus 10 includes electronics for monitoring conditions of the disconnects and switches as well as for providing data such as location and position.
- These electronics include an accelerometer for acceleration in one, two, or three dimensions (DC and/or higher sampling rate); a magnetometer to measure compass direction; a gyroscope; and a thermocouple for measuring temperature.
- the electronics measure the AC magnetic field.
- the thermocouple can measure the temperature of the arm or the jaw and is positioned as close as possible to the interface by extending the length of the thermocouple wire.
- An electronics housing 11 includes a coil 12 , a battery 13 , a first electronic board 14 , a second electronic board 16 , an antenna 17 and matching strip-line PCB board 18 .
- the coil 12 includes a ferrite core with windings wrapped around the core and is adapted to harvest power from a magnetic field produced by current flowing in transmission lines.
- the battery 13 is a non-rechargeable battery and provides power to the apparatus 10 when there is no or low current flowing through the transmission lines to produce a magnetic field. The battery will last 2 years with no power. It should be appreciated that the battery may also be a rechargeable battery adapted to be recharged by the coil 12 when needed.
- the first electronic board 14 performs power harvesting, measurement and processing, storage of signals, and controls the whole measurement communications process.
- the board 14 has inputs for voltage from the coil 12 and a thermocouple assembly 20 .
- the voltage from the coil 12 is also harvested to power the apparatus 10 (if high enough—if too low switches to battery 13 ).
- the board 14 also includes a 3D accelerometer chip which takes samples from DC to 2000 samples per second, a magnetometer, and a gyro.
- the second electronic board 16 is an RF transmitter.
- the board 16 is adapted for plug and play so that different RF boards can be utilized to enable different communications protocols, frequencies, and/or methods.
- the board 16 provides for two way RF communications to allow firmware of the apparatus 10 to be updated or reset and to allow data to be downloaded from the apparatus 10 to a remote location having computers or processors with software adapted to perform specified calculations. All of the electronics and RF communications are designed to be very low power to enable power harvesting and long battery life.
- the antenna 17 includes a stalk 21 that extends through the housing 11 and an antenna ball 22 and is electrically connected to the board 16 .
- the diameter of the ball and the height of the stalk are optimized for both RF transmission and omni-directional beam pattern. Further, the shape of the antenna ball is optimized to prevent corona.
- the matching strip-line PCB board 18 is electrically connected to the antenna 17 and sits behind the antenna 17 to ensure that power is fully transmitted to the antenna 17 .
- the thermocouple assembly 20 is electrically connected to the first electronic board 14 and is adapted to measure temperature.
- the thermocouple assembly 20 includes a thermocouple 23 , a thermocouple tip 24 which houses a portion of the thermocouple 23 , an insulator bushing 26 positioned adjacent to or behind the tip 24 , a spring 27 positioned adjacent to or behind the bushing 26 , and a plug and play connector 28 to electrically connect the thermocouple 23 to the board 14 .
- the thermocouple assembly 20 is the only thermal and electrically conductive component in contact with the conductor 20 to prevent heat sinking and to enable a single point ground so that currents do not flow through the sensor 10 .
- a local or wireless receiver is used to obtain readings from the apparatus 10 .
- the receiver may be a hand held receiver for use by an operator in the field; a local base station for downloading info to and from; or a cell phone or satellite network.
- Raw measurements may be sent to the receiver for processing or the measurements may be processed by the apparatus 10 and then sent to the receiver.
- the apparatus 10 may be mounted on or in close proximity to a stationary part of a disconnect or switch jaw, or on or in close proximity to a disconnect or switch arm.
- a thermocouple may be placed on or in close proximity to the jaw to measure temperature.
- the signal is then wirelessly transmitted to a local base or remote station and data is integrated.
- the wireless sensor can also be read during rounds inspections using a portable RF reader.
- the orientation of the arm with respect to the jaw may be determined with respect to “earth” by using the acceleration measured in the x, y, and z planes. This orientation is monitored after every operation, and if the disconnect has not fully closed, or is in a strange position, this information can be used at the time operation to ensure that the jaw is fully closed.
- a reference measurement on the stationary side will provide a more precise measurement since the whole assembly may move with time (e.g. foundation subsidence).
- the apparatus 10 includes a temperature measurement which is also known to be a good diagnosis technique under higher loading conditions and closer to failure.
- the apparatus 10 can also measure acceleration with a higher sampling rate, so that the acceleration curves and vibrations may be measured during opening and closing. These may also provide diagnostic information about the condition of the disconnect (mechanical gears, motors, joints, etc.).
- the measurement of AC magnetic field allows the temperature to be correlated to current flowing through the jaw/arm connection so that one can determine whether the resulting heating is normal or just a function of high loading conditions.
- the AC magnetic field may also be used to power the sensor. This may be used in concert with non-rechargeable batteries for times of low loading, or rechargeable super capacitors/batteries.
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
An apparatus and method for continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches is disclosed. The method includes the step of providing an apparatus adapted to measure, process, and transmit data associated with a disconnect or switch. The method further includes the steps of positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to the disconnect or switch, using the apparatus to collect data of the disconnect or switch and processing the data for transmission to a remote receiver, and transmitting the processed data to a remote receiver.
Description
- This application relates to an apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches. More particularly, it relates to an apparatus and method for continuously monitoring temperatures of substation disconnects and transmission line switches.
- Substation disconnects and transmission line switches are used to physically disconnect circuits to ensure that there is no electrical connection. There are different types of switches, some which rely on rotation of an arm,
FIG. 1 , and others where the arm rotates around a pivot point at one end of the arm,FIG. 2 . The electrical connection between the two sides of the switch is made by the arm making electrical connection into “jaws”. - When an operator closes a disconnect and the arm fits into the jaws, the operator has no way of knowing if the disconnect is fully closed or, if the arm has passed its optimum point. Instead, the operator relies on mechanical stops. Not fully or under closing of disconnects are one reason for overheating.
- If proper contact between the arm and jaws is not achieved, high resistance connections may result. With high currents, this connection may overheat and result in degradation of the jaws which may result in failure—catastrophic or nearly impossible to open the disconnect switch. See
FIG. 4 . - Infrared inspections are the most common methods of identifying high risk disconnects. However, there are some drawbacks: (1) heating only happens at times of high loading—which may not be at the time of inspection; (2) inspections are generally performed one or two times per year; (3) only severely degraded units are identified as small temperature differences are hard to identify and diagnose.
- These and other shortcomings of the prior art are addressed by the present invention, which provides an apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches on a continual basis.
- According to an aspect of the invention, a method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches includes the step of providing an apparatus adapted to measure, process, and transmit data associated with a disconnect or switch. The method further includes the steps of positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to the disconnect or switch, using the apparatus to collect data of the disconnect or switch and processing the data for transmission to a remote receiver, and transmitting the processed data to a remote receiver.
- According to another aspect of the invention, a method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches including the steps of providing an apparatus having a temperature measurement device, a processor, and a transmitter. The method further including the steps of positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to a disconnect or switch, positioning the temperature measurement device in thermal contact with the disconnect or switch, using the processor to process temperature measured by the temperature measurement device, and using the transmitter to transmit the processed temperature measurements to a remote receiver.
- A method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches including steps of providing an apparatus having an arm position indicator, a processor, and a transmitter. The method further including the steps of positioning the apparatus on an arm of the disconnect or switch, using the arm position indicator to determine a location of the arm, using the processor to process a signal from the arm position indicator representative of the location of the arm, and using the transmitter to transmit the processed signal to a remote receiver.
- The subject matter that is regarded as the invention may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures in which:
-
FIG. 1 shows an example of a disconnect with horizontal arms; -
FIG. 2 shows a disconnect where the arm moves in a vertical plane; -
FIG. 3 shows a transmission line disconnect; -
FIG. 4 is an infra-red image of two disconnects over-heating; -
FIG. 5 shows wireless disconnect sensors that measure temperature; -
FIG. 6 shows a wireless sensor installed on a moving arm; and -
FIG. 7 shows a wireless sensor installed on a stationary jaw side of disconnect. - Referring to the drawings, an exemplary apparatus for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
FIGS. 5-7 and shown generally atreference numeral 10. Theapparatus 10 is an RF wireless sensor that can be installed on a moveable arm,FIG. 6 , or on a stationary jaw side,FIG. 7 . Theapparatus 10 may be powered by a battery, by power harvesting from an AC magnetic field using a coil and inductor, and/or a battery or supercapacitor or combo thereof which is recharged by the AC magnetic field. - The
apparatus 10 includes electronics for monitoring conditions of the disconnects and switches as well as for providing data such as location and position. These electronics include an accelerometer for acceleration in one, two, or three dimensions (DC and/or higher sampling rate); a magnetometer to measure compass direction; a gyroscope; and a thermocouple for measuring temperature. In addition, the electronics measure the AC magnetic field. The thermocouple can measure the temperature of the arm or the jaw and is positioned as close as possible to the interface by extending the length of the thermocouple wire. - Referring to
FIG. 8 , a more detailed look at theapparatus 10 is provided. Anelectronics housing 11 includes acoil 12, abattery 13, a firstelectronic board 14, a secondelectronic board 16, anantenna 17 and matching strip-line PCB board 18. Thecoil 12 includes a ferrite core with windings wrapped around the core and is adapted to harvest power from a magnetic field produced by current flowing in transmission lines. As shown, thebattery 13 is a non-rechargeable battery and provides power to theapparatus 10 when there is no or low current flowing through the transmission lines to produce a magnetic field. The battery will last 2 years with no power. It should be appreciated that the battery may also be a rechargeable battery adapted to be recharged by thecoil 12 when needed. - The first
electronic board 14 performs power harvesting, measurement and processing, storage of signals, and controls the whole measurement communications process. Theboard 14 has inputs for voltage from thecoil 12 and athermocouple assembly 20. The voltage from thecoil 12 is also harvested to power the apparatus 10 (if high enough—if too low switches to battery 13). Theboard 14 also includes a 3D accelerometer chip which takes samples from DC to 2000 samples per second, a magnetometer, and a gyro. - The second
electronic board 16 is an RF transmitter. Theboard 16 is adapted for plug and play so that different RF boards can be utilized to enable different communications protocols, frequencies, and/or methods. Theboard 16 provides for two way RF communications to allow firmware of theapparatus 10 to be updated or reset and to allow data to be downloaded from theapparatus 10 to a remote location having computers or processors with software adapted to perform specified calculations. All of the electronics and RF communications are designed to be very low power to enable power harvesting and long battery life. - The
antenna 17 includes astalk 21 that extends through thehousing 11 and anantenna ball 22 and is electrically connected to theboard 16. The diameter of the ball and the height of the stalk are optimized for both RF transmission and omni-directional beam pattern. Further, the shape of the antenna ball is optimized to prevent corona. The matching strip-line PCB board 18 is electrically connected to theantenna 17 and sits behind theantenna 17 to ensure that power is fully transmitted to theantenna 17. - The
thermocouple assembly 20 is electrically connected to the firstelectronic board 14 and is adapted to measure temperature. Thethermocouple assembly 20 includes athermocouple 23, athermocouple tip 24 which houses a portion of thethermocouple 23, an insulator bushing 26 positioned adjacent to or behind thetip 24, aspring 27 positioned adjacent to or behind thebushing 26, and a plug and playconnector 28 to electrically connect thethermocouple 23 to theboard 14. Thethermocouple assembly 20 is the only thermal and electrically conductive component in contact with theconductor 20 to prevent heat sinking and to enable a single point ground so that currents do not flow through thesensor 10. - A local or wireless receiver is used to obtain readings from the
apparatus 10. The receiver may be a hand held receiver for use by an operator in the field; a local base station for downloading info to and from; or a cell phone or satellite network. Raw measurements may be sent to the receiver for processing or the measurements may be processed by theapparatus 10 and then sent to the receiver. - In general the
apparatus 10 may be mounted on or in close proximity to a stationary part of a disconnect or switch jaw, or on or in close proximity to a disconnect or switch arm. A thermocouple may be placed on or in close proximity to the jaw to measure temperature. The signal is then wirelessly transmitted to a local base or remote station and data is integrated. The wireless sensor can also be read during rounds inspections using a portable RF reader. - Since the
apparatus 10 is installed on the arm and steady state acceleration is being measured, the orientation of the arm with respect to the jaw may be determined with respect to “earth” by using the acceleration measured in the x, y, and z planes. This orientation is monitored after every operation, and if the disconnect has not fully closed, or is in a strange position, this information can be used at the time operation to ensure that the jaw is fully closed. - If a second “stationary”
apparatus 10 is installed on the jaw side, a reference measurement on the stationary side will provide a more precise measurement since the whole assembly may move with time (e.g. foundation subsidence). - Since the orientation measurement may be continuous, if the jaw shifts/arm alignment with expansion and contraction this may be identified and trigger a maintenance angle. The
apparatus 10 includes a temperature measurement which is also known to be a good diagnosis technique under higher loading conditions and closer to failure. - The
apparatus 10 can also measure acceleration with a higher sampling rate, so that the acceleration curves and vibrations may be measured during opening and closing. These may also provide diagnostic information about the condition of the disconnect (mechanical gears, motors, joints, etc.). - Acceleration will not change with respect to gravity in these types of disconnects. In this case, the magnetometer (compass direction) and Gyro can be utilized to provide similar information. If all three are combined even more information will be available to make a diagnosis.
- The measurement of AC magnetic field allows the temperature to be correlated to current flowing through the jaw/arm connection so that one can determine whether the resulting heating is normal or just a function of high loading conditions.
- The AC magnetic field may also be used to power the sensor. This may be used in concert with non-rechargeable batteries for times of low loading, or rechargeable super capacitors/batteries.
- The foregoing has described an apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches. While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications thereto can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention and the best mode for practicing the invention are provided for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limitation.
Claims (14)
1. A method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an apparatus adapted to measure, process, and transmit data associated with a disconnect or switch;
(b) positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to the disconnect or switch;
(c) using the apparatus to collect data of the disconnect or switch and processing the data for transmission to a remote receiver; and
(d) transmitting the processed data to a remote receiver.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes a thermocouple for measuring temperature at a position on or adjacent to the disconnect or switch.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes a processor for processing the data.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes a transmitter for transmitting the processed data to the remote receiver.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes a two-way transmitter for transmitting processed data and receiving instructions or updates.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the data includes:
(a) temperature;
(b) acceleration; and
(c) AC magnetic field.
7. The method according to claim 1 , and further including the step of using a remote receiver to receive the processed data and provide a user with information related to a condition of the disconnect or switch.
8. A method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an apparatus having:
(i) a temperature measurement device;
(ii) a processor; and
(iii) a transmitter;
(b) positioning the apparatus on or in close proximity to a disconnect or switch;
(c) positioning the temperature measurement device in thermal contact with the disconnect or switch;
(d) using the processor to process temperature measured by the temperature measurement device; and
(e) using the transmitter to transmit the processed temperature measurements to a remote receiver.
9. The method according to claim 8 , and further including the step of using a remote receiver to receive the processed temperature measurements and provide a user with information related to a condition of the disconnect or switch.
10. A method of continuously monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches to detect improper closing of the disconnects or switches, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an apparatus having:
(i) an arm position indicator;
(ii) a processor; and
(iii) a transmitter;
(b) positioning the apparatus on an arm of the disconnect or switch;
(c) using the arm position indicator to determine a location of the arm;
(d) using the processor to process a signal from the arm position indicator representative of the location of the arm; and
(e) using the transmitter to transmit the processed signal to a remote receiver.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the arm position indicator is an accelerometer adapted to determine an orientation of the arm in the x, y, and z planes.
12. The method according to claim 11 , further including the step of using a remote receiver to receive the processed signal and provide a user with the x, y, and z plane coordinates of the arm so that the user can determine if the disconnect or switch is properly closed.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the arm position indicator is a magnetometer.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the arm position indicator is gyro.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/017,931 US20140071592A1 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2013-09-04 | Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches |
CA2826305A CA2826305C (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2013-09-06 | Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches |
US15/159,286 US9866064B2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2016-05-19 | Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches |
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US201261698935P | 2012-09-10 | 2012-09-10 | |
US14/017,931 US20140071592A1 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2013-09-04 | Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches |
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US15/159,286 Continuation US9866064B2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2016-05-19 | Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches |
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US20140071592A1 true US20140071592A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
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US15/159,286 Active US9866064B2 (en) | 2012-09-10 | 2016-05-19 | Apparatus and method for monitoring substation disconnects and transmission line switches |
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US10217580B1 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2019-02-26 | TCI Sales, Inc. | Systems and methods for restraining a movable switch blade of a disconnect switch |
WO2019040365A1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-28 | Hubbell Incorporated | System and method for providing indication of a closed switch |
CN110165781A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-23 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Magnetic valve type controllable reactor wireless temperature condition monitoring system and method |
US20190267199A1 (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | Cleaveland/Price Inc. | Disconnect switch blade electronic information sensor system for detecting blade performance and for ensuring proper blade closure |
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CN110867965A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-06 | 黄河科技学院 | Intelligent detection system for transformer substation computer monitoring system |
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US10217580B1 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2019-02-26 | TCI Sales, Inc. | Systems and methods for restraining a movable switch blade of a disconnect switch |
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CN110165781A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-23 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Magnetic valve type controllable reactor wireless temperature condition monitoring system and method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9866064B2 (en) | 2018-01-09 |
US20160322865A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
CA2826305C (en) | 2022-10-18 |
CA2826305A1 (en) | 2014-03-10 |
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Legal Events
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Owner name: ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC., NORTH CAR Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PHILLIPS, ANDREW JOHN;REEL/FRAME:031136/0515 Effective date: 20130829 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |