US20140047972A1 - Protective armour element - Google Patents

Protective armour element Download PDF

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Publication number
US20140047972A1
US20140047972A1 US14/110,452 US201214110452A US2014047972A1 US 20140047972 A1 US20140047972 A1 US 20140047972A1 US 201214110452 A US201214110452 A US 201214110452A US 2014047972 A1 US2014047972 A1 US 2014047972A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
armour
protective
strike face
concave
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US14/110,452
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English (en)
Inventor
Erik Peter Carton
Johannes Pieter Frans Broos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Original Assignee
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO filed Critical Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Assigned to NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST-NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO reassignment NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST-NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BROOS, JOHANNES PIETER FRANS, CARTON, ERIK PETER
Publication of US20140047972A1 publication Critical patent/US20140047972A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/04—Protection helmets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a protective armour element, to body armour comprising one or more of such elements, and to a method of preventing or reducing behind armour blunt trauma of an individual. More in particular, the invention relates to a protective armour element suitable for use in armour that is intended to withstand and provide protection against blunt trauma or ballistic impact from a projectile or the like.
  • the protective shield may be of a type that is worn as protective personnel body armour.
  • the protective shield is strong, light, and thin, and capable of dispersing or otherwise dealing with body heat and perspiration.
  • Body armour comprising metal and ceramic inserts is well-known. Nevertheless, in order to provide sufficient protection against the incoming energy of large fragments or high velocity bullets the inserts are relatively heavy and uncomfortable. Because of the weight, such body armour may be discarded and the respective person is left unprotected. Yet another disadvantage of this body armour is the fact that the metal and ceramic inserts merely deflect the projectile. It is not unusual for a wearer to survive the initial impact only to receive substantial and even life threatening injury as the deflected material strikes another part of his body.
  • fibre-based body armour In an attempt to provide light-weight alternatives, fibre-based body armour has been developed.
  • body armour typically comprises polymer fabric and/or polymer fibre-based composites.
  • flexible aramid (aromatic amide) fibres have proven to be effective, for instance in bullet-proof vests for police forces and private security guards.
  • fibre-based body armour does not protect the wearer by deflecting projectiles. Instead, the layers of high tensile strength material forming the body armour are intended to catch the projectile and spread its force over a larger portion of the wearer's body, and bring the projectile to a stop before it can penetrate into the body. This tends to deform soft-core projectile, further reducing its ability to penetrate.
  • body armour can prevent invasive bullet wounds, the wearer's body at least will follow the back-face deflection on the armour, and can often incur blunt force trauma.
  • hard plate inserts of polymer-fibre based composites can be prepared. Such plate carrying body armour provides additional protection.
  • woven DyneemaTM an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibre obtainable from DSM
  • GoldFlexTM a roll product consisting of four plies of unidirectional aramid fiber, crossplied at 0°/90°/0°/90°, and sandwiched in a thermoplastic film obtainable from Honeywell
  • SpectraTM an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibre obtainable from Honeywell
  • TwaronTM a poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibre obtainable from Teijin Aramid
  • ZylonTM a poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibre obtainble from Toyobo
  • KevlarTM a poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibre obtainable from DuPont
  • NomexTM a poly(m-phenylene terephthalamide) fibre obtainable from DuPont).
  • KevlarTM has long been used, some of the newer materials are said to be lighter, thinner and more resistant than KevlarTM, but are considerably more expensive. But even so, the expense is justified because the more lightweight, thin and less insulating a protective ballistic resistant garment is made, the more likely an intended user (such as military personnel) will actually wear the garment, especially in the case of hostile environmental conditions and long working shifts.
  • WO-A-2011/005 274 discloses armour having a strike face that is outwardly convex or concave or exhibits both concave and convex surface portions.
  • the strike face sheet preferably comprises titanium, a titanium alloy, aluminium, an aluminium alloy; an organic-matrix composite material, such as, for example, graphite-carbon- or fibreglass-reinforced epoxy composite material, a laminated material, such as titanium/aluminium laminate.
  • the document does not disclose a protective armour element comprising a fabric and/or a fibre based composite in combination with a concave strike face.
  • EP-A-2 180 286 discloses a ballistic collar which is arranged to surround a human's neck, comprising a harmonica shaped member.
  • the member is preferably formed by a plurality of plied sheets, preferably made of a ballistic rated body armour fabric comprising strong synthetic fibres.
  • the strike surface is not concave and not inwardly curved.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,398,406 discloses a body armour comprising horizontally extending ribs.
  • the ribs are horizontally and vertically convex and the strike face is composed of a plurality of double convex elements.
  • Objective of the invention is to overcome at least part of the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a fibre-based protective armour element that exhibits reduced deformation upon impact of a projectile.
  • Further objective of the invention is to provide a fibre-based body armour that reduces the wearer's risk of suffering from behind armour blunt trauma.
  • the invention is directed to a protective armour element comprising a fabric and/or a fibre based composite, wherein said armour element, prior to impact of a projectile, has a concave strike face.
  • the protective armour element of the invention has significantly less deformation upon impact of a projectile. Due to the use of fabric, the protective armour of the invention is advantageously light weight. Accordingly, body armour comprising protective armour elements as defined herein have a reduced risk of giving rise to behind armour blunt trauma.
  • armour having a convex strike face, so that the armour can locally follow the curvature of the human body as much as possible.
  • metal or ceramics materials this is not very relevant because these materials do not strongly deform in the direction of the body.
  • protective armour elements on the basis of fabric and/or fibre based composite. Since these fibre materials result in a much larger deformation in the direction of the body upon impact of the projectile, the shape of the protective armour element is much more relevant.
  • the inventors found that even though such armour elements conventionally have a convex strike face in view of the object or individual to be protected, the actual deformation upon impact is much smaller when the armour element has a concave strike face.
  • armour based on fabric and/or fibre based composite is only effective if the fibres are subject to an axial tensile stress. Due to the concave (or even flat) starting shape of the protective armour elements a large deformation is required in order to provide the fibres with sufficient tensile stress. This is because the convex shape should first locally be turned over to a concave shape, during which the fibres are not subject to more tensile stress than in the starting situation. On the other hand, impact of a projectile on a protective armour element having a concave strike face immediately leads to a significant increase in tensile stress of the fibres and, as a result, to a smaller deformation of the protective armour element.
  • armour as used in this application is meant to refer to materials that are resistant to forces applied to the armour to penetrate the armour such as projectiles and the like.
  • concave as used in this application is meant to refer to a surface that is curving inward as opposed to convex. It is understood that the concave is not restricted to describing a surface with a constant radius of curvature, but rather is used to denote the general appearance of the surface. In addition, it is understood that multiple concave elements can still form an overall convex surface as will be explained herein below.
  • the concave strike face of the armour element can have a radius of curvature that is greater than the thickness of the armour, such as 20% greater than the thickness of the armour, 50% greater, 100% greater, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 1000%, 2000%, or even greater.
  • the radius of curvature of the strike face of the armour element must be smaller than infinity, otherwise the strike face is not concave.
  • the size of the armour element can vary widely. It is preferred that the size of the armour element is larger than the projectile against which the armour is supposed to provide protection.
  • the armour element can have an equivalent circular diameter (defined as the diameter of a circle that has the same area as the armour element) ranging from 1-100 cm, preferably 1-50 cm, such as 2-40 cm, 2-25 cm, or 3-10 cm.
  • the protective armour element comprises a reinforced fibre material.
  • the reinforced fibre material can comprise a multi-layer of weaves and a composite thereof with a matrix.
  • the reinforced fibre material can comprise polymer fibres, but also carbon fibres, glass fibres, and the like may be employed. It is however, preferred, that the reinforced fibre material comprises a polymer fibre.
  • the fibres in the reinforced fibre material may be embedded in a polymer matrix, such as an epoxy, vinyl ester or polyester thermosetting plastic.
  • the protective armour element comprises one or more from the group consisting of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes, polyamides (including aromatic polyamides such as poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide), poly(metaphenylene isophthalamide and poly(metaphenylene terephthalamide)), poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).
  • polyamides including aromatic polyamides such as poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide), poly(metaphenylene isophthalamide and poly(metaphenylene terephthalamide)
  • poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole).
  • these materials are commercially available under the trademarks DyneemaTM GoldFlexTM, SpectraTM, TwaronTM, ZylonTM, KevlarTM, NomexTM, and the like.
  • the protective armour element comprises a fabric and/or a fibre-based composite.
  • the protective armour element consists of fabric and/or fibre-based composite.
  • the fabric is a polymer fabric and/or the fibre-based composite is a polymer fibre-based composite.
  • Polymer fabric protective armour elements can provide protection against shrapnel and so-called soft-core ammunition (typically ammunition fired from rifles).
  • a polymer fibre-based composite can provide additional protection, such as against armour piercing bullets using a hard metal or ceramic strike-face.
  • the invention is directed to an armour system, comprising a ceramic or metal strike face and one or more protective armour elements according to the invention as a backing for said ceramic or metal strike face.
  • the present invention is especially advantageous when applied in body armour. Accordingly, in a further aspect the invention is directed to body armour comprising one or more protective armour element as defined herein.
  • the body armour of the invention can comprise at the body face of the armour and opposite the concave strike face, an anti-trauma liner.
  • anti-trauma liner Such liners are well-known in the art.
  • anti-trauma liners comprise foam material.
  • Anti-trauma liners help to reduce the indent of the human body by facilitating the first phase of back-face deformation of the armour were the acceleration and maximal velocity are highest. The human body only experiences the latest phase of the deflection at which both the acceleration and maximal velocity are considerably reduced.
  • the body armour of the invention can be in the form of a helmet, an insert for a vest, and side-protection plate.
  • the protective armour element comprises a fabric and/or a fibre based composite.
  • the fabric comprises fibre and/or is fibre based, preferably glass, carbon and/or polymer fibre.
  • the fibre based composite is preferably based on glass, carbon and/or polymer fibre.
  • a fabric and/or a fabric based composite comprising polymer fibres is preferred.
  • the fibres are preferably applied in such a way that an inward distortion of the armour element results in axial tensile stress of the fibres.
  • the fibres are woven.
  • the fibres are applied in a direction along the inward curve of the armour element strike face. In this way, the fibres extend at least in part in the inward direction.
  • the fibres are preferably applied in a direction in which the strike face is concave.
  • the body armour preferably comprises a plurality of armour elements.
  • the armour elements are preferably arranged in such a way, that the concave strike area of the armour elements of the body armour is 50% or more, more preferably 75% or more, up to 99% or more, up to close to, but smaller than, 100% of the total strike face area of the body armour.
  • the body armour preferably comprises a plurality of concave armour elements, such as 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 20 or more armour elements (such as 20-50 armour elements), while the overall strike face of the armour is convex.
  • armour could have an arrangement of armour elements as in a golf ball.
  • a golf ball has the overall convex shape of a sphere, while the dimples are concave.
  • the armour elements comprise a recess in the strike face of the armour.
  • the recess has a shape in the plane of the strike face when viewed from the top that can be a circle, as for example in FIG. 2A , or a square, rectangle, triangle, hexagon, or another shape.
  • An armour may comprise armour elements with various shapes and sizes.
  • the armour elements have recesses with circular shape, as in FIG. 2A , some gaps present between the armour elements as circles are not tessellating.
  • the armour elements are arranged in pattern wherein the space between the armour elements is minimal, such as in a tessellating pattern. For circles and hexagons, a hexagonal lattice arrangement or honeycomb pattern is preferred.
  • the recess in the strike face has a depth d, measured as the maximum depth of the recess relative to a tangent line x over the strike face, as shown in FIG. 2B .
  • the depth d may be smaller, equal or larger than the equivalent circular diameter (A).
  • the depth is 0.1A-1A, more preferably 0.20-0.80 A, even more preferably 0.3-0.7 A.
  • the armour has an average thickness t, excluding the recesses of the armour element (t in FIG. 2B ).
  • the recess of an armour element has preferably a depth d of 0.05-0.95 t, more preferably 0.05-0.5 t, even more preferably 0.05-0.25 t.
  • the depth d of the recess may even be larger than the thickness, if the inner surface of the armour follows the strike face.
  • An inner surface that is essentially conformal to the strike face follows the strike face.
  • FIG. 3 an example is shown of a armour with an inner surface 32 that follows strike face 31 .
  • the thickness t is preferably 0.1-2 d, more preferably 0.5-1.5 d, even more preferably 0.75-1.5 d, most preferably 0.9-1.3 d.
  • the inside face of a body armour is preferably conformal to the body, the inside face of a helmet is preferably conformal to a head.
  • the armour elements may be comprised in a helmet and the body armour may be a helmet.
  • the armour element is reinforced, at least in part, at the strike face parts not comprised in an armour element with concave strike face and or close to the outward end of the armour elements.
  • the armour is reinforced at position 33 .
  • FIG. 1A is a cross-section of a vest ( 1 ), with a front insert plate and back insert plate ( 4 ).
  • the insert plate comprises multiple concave protective armour elements ( 2 ).
  • the insert plate further comprises an anti-trauma liner foam ( 3 ).
  • Back insert plate ( 4 ) is similar in design as front insert plate ( 2 ).
  • FIG. 1B is a front view of the insert plate just showing the multiple concave protective armour elements ( 2 ).
  • FIG. 2A is a top view of the helmet showing the multiple concave protective armour elements ( 2 ).
  • FIG. 2B shows a cross-section of a helmet that does not have an anti-trauma liner, while the helmet of FIG. 2C comprises, apart from the multiple concave protective armour elements, an anti-trauma liner ( 3 ).
  • the helmet shown in FIG. 2 has an overall convex strike face that is built up from multiple protective armour elements having a concave shape.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
US14/110,452 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Protective armour element Abandoned US20140047972A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11163240A EP2515067A1 (de) 2011-04-20 2011-04-20 Schutzpanzerelement
EP11163240.2 2011-04-20
PCT/NL2012/050256 WO2012144894A1 (en) 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Protective armour element

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2012/050256 A-371-Of-International WO2012144894A1 (en) 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Protective armour element

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/338,603 Division US9255772B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-07-23 Protective armour element

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140047972A1 true US20140047972A1 (en) 2014-02-20

Family

ID=44544058

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/110,452 Abandoned US20140047972A1 (en) 2011-04-20 2012-04-19 Protective armour element
US14/338,603 Active 2032-05-09 US9255772B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-07-23 Protective armour element

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/338,603 Active 2032-05-09 US9255772B2 (en) 2011-04-20 2014-07-23 Protective armour element

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US20140047972A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2515067A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2831408C (de)
ES (1) ES2637315T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2012144894A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160169632A1 (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-16 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Modular Scalable Plate System for Personnel Protection
US20210071995A1 (en) * 2019-09-05 2021-03-11 A. Jacob Ganor Ceramic armor plate with enhanced curvature

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9513090B2 (en) 2009-08-03 2016-12-06 Doo Kalmanson Aquino Unobtrusive high-end ready to wear body armor garment
US9513089B2 (en) 2009-08-03 2016-12-06 Doo Kalmanson Aquino Unobtrusive high-end ready to wear concealable body armor
US20170311659A1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Easton Baseball / Softball Inc. Two-piece articulating chest protector with stretchable hinge
US10966472B2 (en) 2018-12-28 2021-04-06 Easton Diamond Sports, Llc Chest protectors for reducing risk of commotio cordis

Citations (1)

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US5601895A (en) * 1993-05-10 1997-02-11 Cunningham; Frank W. Flexible puncture proof material

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US3398406A (en) * 1965-12-30 1968-08-27 Nicholas R Du Pont Buoyant bulletproof combat uniform
GB0122328D0 (en) * 2001-09-15 2001-11-07 Sportsfactory Consulting Ltd Protective body armour
US7617757B2 (en) * 2005-05-26 2009-11-17 Composix Co. Ceramic multi-hit armor
WO2008054867A2 (en) * 2006-05-01 2008-05-08 Warwick Mills, Inc. Mosaic extremity protection system with transportable solid elements
EP2180286A1 (de) * 2008-10-23 2010-04-28 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO Ballistisches Halsband
GB0902803D0 (en) * 2009-02-20 2009-04-08 Advanced Defence Materials Ltd Armour
EP2452153A4 (de) * 2009-07-09 2014-03-19 Lockheed Corp Panzer mit mosaikartigem prismenkern

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US5601895A (en) * 1993-05-10 1997-02-11 Cunningham; Frank W. Flexible puncture proof material

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160169632A1 (en) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-16 The Government Of The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Modular Scalable Plate System for Personnel Protection
US9879946B2 (en) * 2014-11-28 2018-01-30 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Modular scalable plate system for personnel protection
US10295310B2 (en) * 2014-11-28 2019-05-21 The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Modular scalable plate system for personnel protection
US20210071995A1 (en) * 2019-09-05 2021-03-11 A. Jacob Ganor Ceramic armor plate with enhanced curvature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012144894A1 (en) 2012-10-26
CA2831408C (en) 2019-03-26
CA2831408A1 (en) 2012-10-26
ES2637315T3 (es) 2017-10-11
EP2515067A1 (de) 2012-10-24
EP2699869A1 (de) 2014-02-26
EP2699869B1 (de) 2017-05-31
US9255772B2 (en) 2016-02-09
US20160010954A1 (en) 2016-01-14

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