US20140034318A1 - Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores - Google Patents

Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20140034318A1
US20140034318A1 US13/941,640 US201313941640A US2014034318A1 US 20140034318 A1 US20140034318 A1 US 20140034318A1 US 201313941640 A US201313941640 A US 201313941640A US 2014034318 A1 US2014034318 A1 US 2014034318A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cnt
pipe
based derivatives
solids
electromagnetic energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/941,640
Inventor
Daniel K. Durham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apache Corp
Original Assignee
Apache Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Apache Corp filed Critical Apache Corp
Priority to US13/941,640 priority Critical patent/US20140034318A1/en
Assigned to APACHE CORPORATION reassignment APACHE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DURHAM, DANIEL K.
Publication of US20140034318A1 publication Critical patent/US20140034318A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to the field of fusible solids removal from pipes used to produce hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. More specifically, the invention relates to compositions of materials and methods of activating such materials to facilitate removal of heat sensitive solids containing hydrates, wax, paraffins, asphaltenes etc
  • Thermodynamic conditions favoring solids formation are often found in pipelines. This is highly undesirable because the clathrate crystals might agglomerate and plug the pipeline or flowline and cause flow assurance failure and damage valves and instrumentation. The results can range from flow reduction to equipment damage. Hydrates may be formed in deepwater applications specifically in a tieback (a line that connects a producing well having a sea floor disposed outlet to a central collection and/or processing facility). Currently, to remove a hydrate plug, pressure reductions/pumping methanol is attempted to dissolve the plug, however such method has only shown limited success.
  • solids such as asphaltenes, waxes and other paraffins may deposit within tubular components of wellbores during production of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Such solids may also be deposited in pipelines if temperature and pressure conditions favor such deposition.
  • One aspect is a method for heating and/or removing and/or preventing fusible solids in a subsea pipe or wellbore which includes pumping a solution or suspension containing carbon nanotubes into the pipe or wellbore to a position proximate the solids and applying electromagnetic energy or electric current at a selected frequency to the pipe or wellbore proximate the solution.
  • the pipe or wellbore tubular itself may be pre-coated or manufactured with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and CNT based derivatives containing material and exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic energy upon formation of solids therein.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example electromagnetic energy generating instrument in a wellbore.
  • carbon nanotubes (CNT) and/or CNT based derivatives may be introduced into solutions or liquid suspensions, pumped into a pipe having hydrates and then heating the CNT and/or CNT based derivatives (“collectively “CNT”) in the solution or suspension as needed when the CNT solution or suspension comes into contact with hydrates or surfaces where hydrates adhere, for example, in deepwater flow lines or tiebacks.
  • a concentration of the carbon nanotubes and/or CNT based derivatives in the solution or suspension may be in the range of 10 milligrams per liter to 90% by weight.
  • the solution/suspension of CNT may be pumped into a line with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) or pre engineered subsea system and heated remotely by applying selected frequency or frequencies electromagnetic energy to the part of the line having the hydrates formed therein.
  • Example solutions may include radio frequency (RF) absorption enhancers (e.g., CNT) added to a salt water solution such as sea water, solutions containing salt water, and salt water mixtures prior to applying electromagnetic energy to enhance the effects of the electromagnetic energy on the salt water, e.g., enhanced heating.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the absorption enhancers may be particles made from, for example, RF absorbing materials that absorb one or more frequencies of an electromagnetic signal substantially more than other materials, e.g., the CNT.
  • the electromagnetic energy may be applied, for example, as a 13.56 MHz RF signal, which is expected to be effective to heat RF absorbing carbon molecules and compounds. RF absorption enhancers using these RF absorbing particles are also expected to be effective at slightly higher frequencies, such as those having a frequency on the order of the second or third harmonics of 13.56 MHz.
  • the electromagnetic energy may be applied by having suitable equipment on an ROV, or as will be shown with reference to FIG. 1 , on a wireline conveyed instrument within a wellbore casing.
  • the selected frequency is not limited to the foregoing example of 13.56 MHz and may extend into the microwave range, e.g., several GHz or more.
  • coatings to be applied to the pipe surfaces or added directly to the surface of the metals which form the pipe, CNT could be included in the coatings or bonded to the materials' surface and heated in the same manner. In these cases electric current application may be the more efficient source of EM energy.
  • solids consisting of asphaltenes, waxes and/or other paraffins may be deposited in pipelines or wellbore tubular (e.g., casing or production tubing) as a result of producing hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs depending on pressure and temperature conditions within the wellbore tubular.
  • wellbore tubular e.g., casing or production tubing
  • the above described method may be used to equal effect on fusing and removal of such solids from wellbore tubulars.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example electromagnetic energy generating instrument disposed in a wellbore to perform example procedures such as those described hereinabove.
  • the instrument is illustrated generally at 100 during the operation of the instrument 100 in a wellbore 125 drilled through subsurface formations 126 .
  • the instrument 100 may be connected to a wire line 101 which is stored on a wire line truck 102 used to reel in and reel out the wire line 101 as is known.
  • the instrument 100 may be initially positioned within a lubricator 103 on the top of a wellhead 104 and the instrument 100 is lowered on the wire line 101 to the position of interest within a well casing 110 .
  • the wire line truck 102 has an associated generator 111 which is connected to a power control unit (PCU) 112 which provides the necessary power to the wire line truck 102 and which, in turn, provides the proper power to the wire line 101 and to the instrument 100 .
  • the well casing 110 may include perforations 131 proximate a producing formation and a plug 130 at the bottom thereof.
  • the instrument 100 may be disposed in a pressure resistant housing 132 , and circuits shown generally at 114 may generate electromagnetic energy at the desired frequency to heat the CNTs. Electromagnetic energy may be radiated by transmitter coils 114 A in the instrument 100 . In other examples, the coils 114 A may be substituted by electrodes (also shown at 114 ) so that electric current at a selected frequency may be passed through the CNTs to heat them in a manner similar to imparting electromagnetic energy.
  • a pump P may be used to pump mixtures containing CNTs as explained above into the wellbore casing 110 so that areas therein requiring heating may be heated according to the example methods described above.
  • FIG. 1 is only one possible method for conveying an electromagnetic energy generating instrument to places in a pipe or wellbore requiring heating according to the techniques described above. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to wireline conveyance within wellbores, but may extend to any form of conveyance and to any pipe or conduit that may require heating as explained herein.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A method for heating/removing and/or preventing solids in onshore or subsea pipe or wellbore tubular includes pumping a solution or suspension containing carbon nanotubes (CNT) and/or CNT based derivatives into the pipe or wellbore to a position proximate the solids and applying electromagnetic energy or electric current at one or more selected frequencies to the pipe proximate the solution. The pipe or wellbore tubular itself may be pre-coated with carbon nanotube containing material and exposed to radio frequency energy, microwaves, and electric current upon formation of solids therein.

Description

    CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • Priority is claimed from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/679,823 filed on Aug. 6, 2012 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/705,357 filed on Sep. 25, 2012 both of which applications are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
    • STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
  • Not applicable.
    • BACKGROUND
  • This disclosure relates generally to the field of fusible solids removal from pipes used to produce hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. More specifically, the invention relates to compositions of materials and methods of activating such materials to facilitate removal of heat sensitive solids containing hydrates, wax, paraffins, asphaltenes etc
  • Thermodynamic conditions favoring solids formation, e.g., hydrate formation, are often found in pipelines. This is highly undesirable because the clathrate crystals might agglomerate and plug the pipeline or flowline and cause flow assurance failure and damage valves and instrumentation. The results can range from flow reduction to equipment damage. Hydrates may be formed in deepwater applications specifically in a tieback (a line that connects a producing well having a sea floor disposed outlet to a central collection and/or processing facility). Currently, to remove a hydrate plug, pressure reductions/pumping methanol is attempted to dissolve the plug, however such method has only shown limited success. Other known techniques include heating a solution of salts on the surface and pumping them down the line, but in long tiebacks the solutions cools too quickly and cannot be reheated. There is currently no known convenient way to heat up such lines and heat/melt/remove the hydrates once a hydrate plug is formed.
  • Similarly, solids such as asphaltenes, waxes and other paraffins may deposit within tubular components of wellbores during production of hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs. Such solids may also be deposited in pipelines if temperature and pressure conditions favor such deposition.
  • What is needed is a method and system to enable relatively easy removal of solids if and when formed in such subsea or buried onshore lines or wellbores
    • SUMMARY
  • One aspect is a method for heating and/or removing and/or preventing fusible solids in a subsea pipe or wellbore which includes pumping a solution or suspension containing carbon nanotubes into the pipe or wellbore to a position proximate the solids and applying electromagnetic energy or electric current at a selected frequency to the pipe or wellbore proximate the solution. The pipe or wellbore tubular itself may be pre-coated or manufactured with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and CNT based derivatives containing material and exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic energy upon formation of solids therein.
  • Other aspects and advantages will be apparent from the description and claims which follow.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 shows an example electromagnetic energy generating instrument in a wellbore.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • In one example, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and/or CNT based derivatives may be introduced into solutions or liquid suspensions, pumped into a pipe having hydrates and then heating the CNT and/or CNT based derivatives (“collectively “CNT”) in the solution or suspension as needed when the CNT solution or suspension comes into contact with hydrates or surfaces where hydrates adhere, for example, in deepwater flow lines or tiebacks. In some examples, a concentration of the carbon nanotubes and/or CNT based derivatives in the solution or suspension may be in the range of 10 milligrams per liter to 90% by weight.
  • The solution/suspension of CNT may be pumped into a line with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) or pre engineered subsea system and heated remotely by applying selected frequency or frequencies electromagnetic energy to the part of the line having the hydrates formed therein. Example solutions may include radio frequency (RF) absorption enhancers (e.g., CNT) added to a salt water solution such as sea water, solutions containing salt water, and salt water mixtures prior to applying electromagnetic energy to enhance the effects of the electromagnetic energy on the salt water, e.g., enhanced heating. The absorption enhancers may be particles made from, for example, RF absorbing materials that absorb one or more frequencies of an electromagnetic signal substantially more than other materials, e.g., the CNT. This may permit the electromagnetic signal to heat salt water (or any solution containing salt water or salt water mixture) containing electromagnetic energy absorbing enhancers, e.g., the CNT, substantially more than it would salt water (or salt water solution or salt water mixture) that does not contain additional electromagnetic energy absorption enhancers.
  • The electromagnetic energy may be applied, for example, as a 13.56 MHz RF signal, which is expected to be effective to heat RF absorbing carbon molecules and compounds. RF absorption enhancers using these RF absorbing particles are also expected to be effective at slightly higher frequencies, such as those having a frequency on the order of the second or third harmonics of 13.56 MHz. The electromagnetic energy may be applied by having suitable equipment on an ROV, or as will be shown with reference to FIG. 1, on a wireline conveyed instrument within a wellbore casing. The selected frequency is not limited to the foregoing example of 13.56 MHz and may extend into the microwave range, e.g., several GHz or more.
  • In test experiments, a 250 mg/L suspension of carbon nanotubes in water got as hot as 45° C. within 25 seconds when treated with RF electromagnetic energy.
  • In other examples, coatings to be applied to the pipe surfaces or added directly to the surface of the metals which form the pipe, CNT could be included in the coatings or bonded to the materials' surface and heated in the same manner. In these cases electric current application may be the more efficient source of EM energy.
  • In yet other examples, solids consisting of asphaltenes, waxes and/or other paraffins may be deposited in pipelines or wellbore tubular (e.g., casing or production tubing) as a result of producing hydrocarbons from subsurface reservoirs depending on pressure and temperature conditions within the wellbore tubular. The above described method may be used to equal effect on fusing and removal of such solids from wellbore tubulars.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example electromagnetic energy generating instrument disposed in a wellbore to perform example procedures such as those described hereinabove. The instrument is illustrated generally at 100 during the operation of the instrument 100 in a wellbore 125 drilled through subsurface formations 126.
  • The instrument 100 may be connected to a wire line 101 which is stored on a wire line truck 102 used to reel in and reel out the wire line 101 as is known. The instrument 100 may be initially positioned within a lubricator 103 on the top of a wellhead 104 and the instrument 100 is lowered on the wire line 101 to the position of interest within a well casing 110. The wire line truck 102 has an associated generator 111 which is connected to a power control unit (PCU) 112 which provides the necessary power to the wire line truck 102 and which, in turn, provides the proper power to the wire line 101 and to the instrument 100. The well casing 110 may include perforations 131 proximate a producing formation and a plug 130 at the bottom thereof.
  • The instrument 100 may be disposed in a pressure resistant housing 132, and circuits shown generally at 114 may generate electromagnetic energy at the desired frequency to heat the CNTs. Electromagnetic energy may be radiated by transmitter coils 114A in the instrument 100. In other examples, the coils 114A may be substituted by electrodes (also shown at 114) so that electric current at a selected frequency may be passed through the CNTs to heat them in a manner similar to imparting electromagnetic energy.
  • A pump P may be used to pump mixtures containing CNTs as explained above into the wellbore casing 110 so that areas therein requiring heating may be heated according to the example methods described above.
  • The example shown in FIG. 1 is only one possible method for conveying an electromagnetic energy generating instrument to places in a pipe or wellbore requiring heating according to the techniques described above. Accordingly, the present disclosure is not limited to wireline conveyance within wellbores, but may extend to any form of conveyance and to any pipe or conduit that may require heating as explained herein.
  • While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:
1. A method for heating and/or removing and/or preventing solids in a pipe or wellbore tubular, comprising:
pumping a solution or suspension containing at least one of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and CNT based derivatives into the pipe or wellbore tubular to a position proximate the solids; and
applying at least one of electromagnetic energy and electric current at one or more selected frequencies to the pipe or wellbore tubular proximate the solution.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein a frequency of the at least one of electromagnetic energy and electric current is 13.56 Megahertz.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein a concentration of the carbon nanotubes and/or CNT based derivatives in the solution or suspension is in the range of 10 milligrams per liter to 90% by weight
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the solids comprise at least one of hydrates, wax, asphaltenes and paraffins.
5. A method for fusing solids in a subsea pipe or a wellbore tubular, comprising:
coating a surface of the pipe or wellbore tubular with a material having carbon nanotubes (CNT) and/or CNT based derivatives suspended therein; and
applying at least one of electromagnetic energy and electric current at one or more selected frequencies to a portion of the pipe or wellbore tubular having solids therein.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein a frequency of the at least one of electromagnetic energy and electric current is 13.56 Megahertz.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein the material comprises carbon nanotubes (CNT) and/or CNT based derivatives bonded directly to a surface of the pipe.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein the solids comprise at least one of hydrates, wax, asphaltenes and paraffins.
US13/941,640 2012-08-06 2013-07-15 Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores Abandoned US20140034318A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/941,640 US20140034318A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-07-15 Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261679823P 2012-08-06 2012-08-06
US201261705357P 2012-09-25 2012-09-25
US13/941,640 US20140034318A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-07-15 Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140034318A1 true US20140034318A1 (en) 2014-02-06

Family

ID=50024344

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/941,640 Abandoned US20140034318A1 (en) 2012-08-06 2013-07-15 Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20140034318A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014025496A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115949381A (en) * 2023-02-01 2023-04-11 西南石油大学 Method and experimental device for improving shale oil reservoir recovery ratio by injecting air in cooperation with microwaves

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100847987B1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2008-07-22 삼성전자주식회사 Dispersant for carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube composition comprising the same
US8020621B2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2011-09-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole applications of composites having aligned nanotubes for heat transport
EP2110508A1 (en) * 2008-04-16 2009-10-21 Schlumberger Holdings Limited microwave-based downhole activation method for wellbore consolidation applications
WO2012057910A2 (en) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of using nano-particles in wellbore operations

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115949381A (en) * 2023-02-01 2023-04-11 西南石油大学 Method and experimental device for improving shale oil reservoir recovery ratio by injecting air in cooperation with microwaves

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2014025496A1 (en) 2014-02-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2014410768B2 (en) Downhole resin coatings comprising a carbon nanomaterial and methods associated therewith
Mukhametshina et al. Electromagnetic heating of heavy oil and bitumen: a review of experimental studies and field applications
CA2943134C (en) Thermal conditioning of fishbones
US10083256B2 (en) Control system for extraction of hydrocarbons from underground deposits
CA2599223C (en) Inhibition of paraffin wall deposition in oil lines
WO2019209824A1 (en) Method to mitigate a stuck pipe during drilling operations
CA2955934A1 (en) Ferrofluids absorbed on graphene/graphene oxide for eor
CA2810517A1 (en) Apparatus and method for heating of hydrocarbon deposits by rf driven coaxial sleeve
US20130098625A1 (en) Systems and Methods For Inductive Subsea Hydrocarbon Pipeline Heating For Pipeline Remediation
US20170247608A1 (en) Proppant of an electrically-conductive nano material
CA3094071A1 (en) Using electromagnetic waves to remove near wellbore damages in a hydrocarbon reservoir
US20140034318A1 (en) Electromagnetic heating of cnt and cnt based derivatives dispersions and solutions or cnt and cnt based derivatives containing coatings or metals for oil and gas equipment for remediation or prevention of solids formation in wellbores
Pineda et al. A chronological review of concentric coiled tubing vacuum technology: past, present and future
AU2011320622B2 (en) Hydrate deposit inhibition with surface-chemical combination
EP3601722B1 (en) Mitigating corrosion of carbon steel tubing and surface scaling deposition in oilfield applications
Tiwari et al. In-situ heat generation for near wellbore asphaltene and wax remediation
Brand Results from acid stimulation in Lloydminster SAGD applications
Heath et al. Non-chemical methods for downhole control of carbonate and sulphate scales-an alternative approach to scale management?
Borden The challenges of processing and transporting heavy crude
Piemontese et al. Successful placement of an advancing sand and fines control chemical as a remedial sand control, using subsea flow lines from an FPSO
Nmegbu et al. Subsea Technology: a Wholistic View on Existing Technologies and Operations
Embrey et al. Paraffin-plug remediation in deep water wells via capillary tubing: a cost effective alternative
Pedroso et al. Subsea Systems Innovations and the Use of State of Art Subsea Technologies Help the Flow Assurance of Heavy Oil Production in Ultra-Deep Waters
Fatykhov et al. Implementation of numerical modelling to assess efficiency electromagnetic technology of cleaning of wells from wax deposition (Russian)
Dubey et al. DOT-2015 Paper ID: 94

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: APACHE CORPORATION, TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DURHAM, DANIEL K.;REEL/FRAME:030794/0578

Effective date: 20130710

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION