US20140005651A1 - Apparatus and method for positioning an implantable device - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for positioning an implantable device Download PDFInfo
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- US20140005651A1 US20140005651A1 US14/013,983 US201314013983A US2014005651A1 US 20140005651 A1 US20140005651 A1 US 20140005651A1 US 201314013983 A US201314013983 A US 201314013983A US 2014005651 A1 US2014005651 A1 US 2014005651A1
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Definitions
- the present disclosure is directed to repairing blood vessel defects, such as aneurysms, and other physiological defects or cavities formed in lumens, tissue, and the like, and, more particularly, to an endovascular implantable device and related endoluminal delivery procedure and deployment techniques.
- Cranial aneurysms occur when a weakened cerebral blood vessel (root vessel) locally expands to form a bulge or balloon-like enlargement in the vessel wall. These aneurysms can occur along a vessel wall or at locations of vessel branches, such as a T-intersection or V-intersection.
- the cranium is opened and a clip is placed at the aneurysm neck to cut off blood flow from the root vessel, thereby reducing swelling and stopping expansion.
- the interior of the aneurysm is accessed by way of a cranial artery, which in turn is reached with a device inserted into the femoral artery.
- coiling material is inserted into the aneurysm, thereby causing clotting which closes off the aneurysm.
- Both techniques have drawbacks. Opening the cranium always entails some risk. Some locations in the cranium are difficult or impossible to access from the outside. On the other hand, causing clotting in the aneurysm can increase the mass and size of the aneurysm, causing it to press against delicate and critical tissue, and causing further damage.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B which are reproduced from U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0191884, shown therein is a device 130 having a patch or closure structure 131 mounted to or associated with two anchoring structures 132 , 133 .
- the closure structure 131 is supported by a framework structure 134 that is provided at least in a perimeter portion and is attached to the closure structure 131 by means of bonding, suturing, or the like.
- the framework structure 134 is mounted to or associated with the wing-like anchoring structures 132 , 133 .
- These anchoring structures 132 , 133 in a deployed condition are designed so that at least a portion thereof contacts an inner wall of an aneurysm or an internal wall of an associated blood vessel following deployment.
- the anchoring structures 132 , 133 are generally formed to curve outwardly from an attachment joint 135 to the framework structure 134 and then back inwardly toward one another at the end remote from the attachment point 135 .
- the anchoring loops 132 , 133 are generally of the same configuration and same dimension and are located opposite one another as shown in FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 1B illustrates a similar device having a closure structure 136 with anchoring structures 137 , 138 that attach to or project from a framework structure 139 along opposed, lateral edges of the framework structure.
- the anchoring structures 137 , 138 as illustrated in FIG. 1B are gently curved and, at their terminal sections, extend beyond corresponding terminal sections of the framework structure and the closure structure.
- the closure and framework structures in this embodiment are generally provided having a surface area that exceeds the surface area of the aneurysm neck, and the anchoring structures generally reside inside the aneurysm following placement of the device.
- the anchoring structures exert lateral and downward force on the closure structure so that it generally conforms to the profile of the vessel wall at the site of the aneurysm, thereby sealing the neck of the aneurysm from flow in the vessel and providing reconstruction of the vessel wall at the site of the aneurysm.
- framework structure 139 and structures 137 and 138 are mismatched in length and are too stiff to apply the mutually opposing forces on interposed tissue, necessary to form an effective clip.
- this structure is too stiff and expanded to be able to collapse into a configuration that can be fit into the space available in a placement device, small enough to be introduced into the smaller cranial blood vessels.
- its boxy shape makes it difficult to maneuver as is necessary to effect placement into an aneurysm.
- FIGS. 1C-1F schematically illustrate the devices of FIGS. 1A and 1B deployed at the site of an aneurysm.
- a bulge in the blood vessel B forms an aneurysm A.
- FIGS. 1C and 1D when the device 130 is deployed across the neck of and within the aneurysm A, the closure structure 131 is positioned to cover the opening of the aneurysm and the anchoring structures 132 and 133 are retained inside and contact an inner aneurysm wall along at least a portion of their surface area. In this fashion, the closure structure 131 and the framework portion 134 are supported across the aneurysm opening and are biased against the neck of the aneurysm from outside the aneurysm.
- closure structure 131 and the framework portion 134 are deployed outside the internal space of the aneurysm.
- closure structure 131 and the framework portion 134 are supported across the aneurysm opening and biased against the neck of the aneurysm from inside the aneurysm.
- FIG. 1F illustrates an alternative deployment system and methodology, wherein a device having at least two anchoring structures is deployed such that the closure structure 131 is positioned to cover the opening of the aneurysm, and the anchoring structures 132 , 133 are positioned outside the aneurysm and contact an inner blood vessel wall B in proximity to the aneurysm.
- the anchoring structures 132 , 133 may be generally sized and configured to match the inner diameter of the vessel in proximity to the neck of the aneurysm so that following deployment the anchoring structures contact the vessel wall in a substantially continuous manner without straining or enlarging the vessel wall in the area of the aneurysm.
- the closure structure following placement of the device, substantially covers the aneurysm neck to effectively repair the vessel defect.
- the anchoring structures do not substantially interfere with flow of blood in the vessel.
- the structures may be difficult to place, particularly in the circuitous blood vessel network of the brain.
- the typical aneurysm extending in a perpendicular manner from its root blood vessel, it may be a challenge to insert the structure into the aneurysm.
- the anchoring structures must mutually press against the aneurysm sides. If one side wall of an aneurysm is not well suited for supporting an anchoring structure, the anchor for the opposite side will not be well supported to provide sufficient pressure on this opposite side wall. This problem drives the design of anchor structures 132 and 133 to be larger, to facilitate receiving sufficient support from the aneurysm interior surface.
- FIG. 1G illustrates a saccular bifurcation aneurysm 150 appearing at the intersection of two vessels 152 , 154 , branching from a stem vessel 156 .
- Cerebral bifurcation aneurysms are commonly found at the middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery, anterior communicating artery, basilar artery, posterior communicating artery, and other locations.
- a sheath is introduced, extending approximately to the aorta.
- a first guide catheter is inserted through the sheath and extended up into the carotid artery.
- a second guide catheter is coaxially introduced through the first guide catheter and extended up into the target aneurysm.
- Both guide catheters are introduced using a guide wire having a steerable tip of either stainless steel or nitinol.
- microcatheter introducer is inserted through the guide catheter, to the aneurysm, and device 130 is placed at the aneurysm site.
- a device that would require a definite orientation, at least partially inside the aneurysm presents particular challenges in positioning during implantation
- Another difficulty in delivering a complex implant into an aneurysm is the lack of space to pack such an implant in a lumen at the end of a microcatheter. Any such device must fold into a cylinder having an internal diameter on the order of 1 mm and a length of about 10 mm. Upon delivery it must expand to anchor itself in place and to seal an area that could be as large as 10 mm 2 . The seal over the neck of the aneurysm although thinner than 1 mm, must be strong enough to affirmatively occlude the aneurysm, with a very high degree of certainty.
- the present invention may take the form of a method of implanting a medical device that utilizes an implantation catheter including a first wire and a second wire, electrically insulated from each other, attached to the medical device at a first attachment point and a second attachment point, respectively.
- the first wire defines a first region susceptible to electrolytic disintegration, contiguous to a the first attachment point
- the second wire defines a second region, also susceptible to electrolytic disintegration, contiguous to the second attachment point.
- the medical device is positioned at a first desired positioning and electricity is passed through the first wire, sufficient to heat and disintegrate the first region susceptible to electrolytic disintegration, thereby freeing the medical device from the first wire.
- the medical device is manipulated with the second wire to achieve a second desired positioning.
- electricity is passed through the second wire, sufficient to heat and disintegrate the second region susceptible to electrolytic disintegration, thereby freeing the medical device from the second wire.
- the present invention may take the form of a catheter assembly for implanting a medical device, comprising a first wire and a second wire, electrically insulated from each other, attached to the medical device at a first attachment point and a second attachment point, respectively.
- the first wire defines a first region susceptible to electrolytic disintegration, by passing an electric current through it, contiguous to a the first attachment point.
- the second wire defines a second region susceptible to electrolytic disintegration, by passing an electric current through it, contiguous to the second attachment point.
- there is a separately controllable electric supply for the first and the second wire so that the first wire may be disconnected from the medical device, without disconnecting the second wire.
- FIG. 1A illustrates an enlarged schematic front isometric view of a known implantable device in a deployed condition
- FIG. 1B illustrates an enlarged schematic front isometric view of another known implantable device in a deployed condition
- FIGS. 1C , 1 D, 1 E, and 1 F schematically illustrate the devices of FIGS. 1A and 1B deployed at the site of an aneurysm
- FIG. 1G illustrates a saccular bifurcation aneurysm
- FIG. 2A is a sectional side view of an aneurysm closure device, according to the present invention, installed in the neck of an aneurysm that has developed at the side of a blood vessel.
- FIG. 2B is a sectional side view of the aneurysm closure device of FIG. 2A , according to the present invention, installed in the neck of an aneurysm that has developed at a Y-intersection of blood vessels.
- FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the aneurysm closure device of FIG. 2A .
- FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an implantation catheter, according to the present invention, with the closure device of FIG. 2A retracted.
- FIG. 5 is an isometric view of the catheter of FIG. 4 , with the closure device of FIG. 2A exposed.
- FIG. 6 is an isometric exploded view of the user control portion of the catheter of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 7 is a sectional side view of the distal end of the catheter of FIG. 4 , with the closure device of FIG. 2A retracted.
- FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the distal portion of the positioning assembly of FIG. 4 , with the closure device of FIG. 2A extended.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the distal portion of FIG. 8 , taken at view line 9 - 9 .
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the distal portion of FIG. 8 , taken at view line 10 - 10 .
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the distal portion of FIG. 8 , taken at view line 11 - 11 .
- FIG. 12A is a side view of the user control of FIG. 6 , set in a neutral position.
- FIG. 12B is a side view of the user control of the distal end of FIG. 7 , corresponding to the user control setting of FIG. 12A .
- FIG. 13A is a side view of the user control of FIG. 6 , set in a skewed position.
- FIG. 13B is a side view of the user control of the distal end of FIG. 7 , corresponding to the user control setting of FIG. 13A .
- FIG. 14A is a side view of the user control of FIG. 6 , set in a position skewed opposite to that of FIG. 13A .
- FIG. 14B is a side view of the user control of the distal end of FIG. 7 , corresponding to the user control setting of FIG. 12A .
- FIG. 15A is an isometric view of a work piece shown connected to the distal end of FIG. 7 for ease of presentation and representing a stage in the manufacturing of the closure device of FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 15B is a detail view of a portion of FIG. 15A , as indicated by circle 15 B, in FIG. 15A .
- FIG. 15C is an isometric view of a work piece shown connected to the distal end of FIG. 7 for ease of presentation and representing a further stage in the manufacturing of the closure device of FIG. 3 .
- the present disclosure is directed to closing a bulge or aneurysm formed in blood vessel, such as an artery or vein (referred to more generally herein as “vessel”), in a manner that does not suffer from some of the drawbacks of prior art methods.
- a bulge or aneurysm formed in blood vessel such as an artery or vein (referred to more generally herein as “vessel”)
- the resultant blood clot can create problems through its mass and the possibility of pressing against nearby nerves.
- the wire coil can have the effect of keeping the neck open, possibly causing another aneurysm to form.
- the embodiments of the present disclosure combine the closure structure and the anchoring structure into a single unit to improve compactness, allow delivery into the tortuous intracranial circulation system via a microcatheter, and to improve the aneurysm neck closure.
- the embodiments of the present disclosure provide enhanced rotation control and placement of the device within the aneurysm via two attachment points for a microcatheter.
- markers can be used at the junctions of the device structure to aid in tracking the movement of the closure device during insertion and placement.
- FIG. 2A a preferred embodiment of an aneurysm closure device 10 is shown in its implanted environment of an aneurysm 12 attached to a root vessel 14 .
- FIG. 2B shows the device 10 , implanted environment, on an aneurysm that has developed at a Y-intersection of blood vessels.
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed perspective view of closure device 10 .
- FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of an aneurysm closure device 10 is shown in its implanted environment of an aneurysm 12 attached to a root vessel 14 .
- FIG. 2B shows the device 10 , implanted environment, on an aneurysm that has developed at a Y-intersection of blood vessels.
- FIG. 3 shows a more detailed perspective view of closure device 10 .
- aneurysm closure device 10 is held in place by four anchors: A first aneurysm anchor 16 A and a first root vessel anchor 18 A mutually anchor closure device 10 to a distal side of the aneurysm 12 , while a second aneurysm anchor 16 B and a second root vessel anchor 18 B, mutually anchor closure device 10 on a proximal side of the aneurysm 12 .
- FIG. 3 it is seen that in the installed state of FIG. 2A , a seal 20 is placed over the neck of aneurysm 12 , thereby preventing further blood flow into aneurysm 12 and causing it to atrophy over time.
- First anchors 16 A and 18 A act as a first clip, mutually applying gentle pressure toward each other, thereby clipping about the interposed tissue.
- second anchors 16 B and 18 B act as a second clip. Working together, anchors 16 A, 18 A, 16 B and 18 B hold the seal 20 in place, thereby blocking the flow of blood into aneurysm 12 .
- Closure device 10 includes a wire frame 22 , which is made of nitinol, or some other shape-memory material. Prior to use, closure device 10 is maintained at a temperature below human body temperature, thereby causing wire frame to assume the shape shown in FIG. 3 , when first pushed out of terminal lumen 56 . In one preferred embodiment, after warming to 37 C, however, anchors 16 A and 18 A, are urged together, as are anchors 16 B and 18 B, thereby more securely clipping to the interposed tissue. In another preferred embodiment, however, the natural spring force of the nitinol causes device 10 to expand when it is pushed out of fossa 56 , and it retains this shape during positioning and use.
- a set of eyeholes 24 are defined by frame 22 and expanded poly tetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) thread or fiber 26 is threaded into these eyeholes 24 to form a lattice.
- the eyeholes 24 are filled with gold solder ( FIG. 15B ), thereby anchoring thread 26 and closing eyeholes 24 .
- gold solder FIG. 15B
- the ePTFE lattice work 26 is then coated with silicone 28 , which in one preferred embodiment is cured in situ to form the seal 20 . In another preferred embodiment, sheets of silicone are cut to the correct dimensions and adhered together about the ePTFE lattice 26 .
- silicone 28 is placed on the aneurysm anchors 16 A and 16 B, but in an alternative embodiment, the ePTFE portion on anchors 16 A and 16 B are there to complete the threading arrangement, but are not coated with silicone. In another alternative preferred embodiment more, and smaller, eyeholes 24 are defined. In a preferred embodiment, two spots of radiopaque material 30 are placed at the tip of each aneurysm anchor 16 A and 16 B and one spot of radiopaque material 30 is placed at the tip of each root vessel anchor 18 A and 18 B.
- a surgeon placing closure device 10 can determine the position of closure device 10 , through a sequence of X-ray images, relative to the contours of the aneurysm 12 , which is shown by the use of a radiopaque dye, placed into the bloodstream.
- At least some of the anchors, serving the function of anchors 16 A- 18 B are made of a thin sheet of nitinol, or a thin sheet of nitinol covered with a biocompatible silicone, or polymeric material, for forming a good grip on the tissue it contacts.
- at least some of the anchors are made entirely of polymeric material.
- ePTFE thread 26 lattice is replaced with metal filigree, made of a metal such as gold, having a high melting point.
- anchors, serving the function of anchors 16 A- 18 B are made of wire loops or arcs, some of which support an ePTFE reinforced silicone barrier, thereby providing a closure mechanism for an aneurysm.
- closure device 10 forms a part of a micro-catheter closure device installation assembly 40 , which although specifically adapted to install closure device 10 at an aneurysm also embodies mechanisms that could be used for other tasks, particularly in accessing tissue through a blood vessel.
- Assembly 40 comprises a micro-catheter subassembly 42 , and a user-control subassembly 44 .
- a first wire-head handle 46 A and a second wire-head handle 46 B are attached to a first wire 48 A and a second wire 48 B, respectively.
- wires 48 A and 48 B pass through a flexible tube 50 , which has an exterior diameter of about 1 . 5 mm, and which has a hydrophilic exterior surface, to aid in progressing toward a blood vessel destination.
- Tube 50 is divided into a proximal single lumen extent 52 , near-distal dual lumen extent 54 , and a distal fossa or wide-lumen extent 56 . This construction permits for the control of the shape and orientation of distal portion of tube 50 , and for the positioning of closure device 10 , after it has been pushed out of fossa 56 . As shown in FIG.
- closure device 10 After closure device 10 is pushed out of fossa 56 , it responds in like manner, bending toward wire-head handle 46 A, when handle 46 A is retracted, and toward handle 46 B, when handle 46 B is retracted. It can be rotated, and the direction that it bends when wire 46 A or 46 B is pulled can be determined, by rotating the handles 46 A and 46 B, together.
- This freedom in positioning is important during the implantation process, when as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B anchors 16 A and 16 B must be maneuvered through the neck of the aneurysm 12 , and positioned so that they extend along the same dimension as root vessel 14 .
- the radiopaque markings 30 ( FIG. 3 ) are invaluable during this process.
- subassembly 42 is threaded through an end cap 60 , and passes into a transparent chamber 62 , where wires 48 A and 48 B, emerge from tube 50 , pass through a slider 64 and are separately anchored in handles 46 A and 46 B, respectively.
- the travel extent of slider 64 is limited by a stop pin 66 and a slot 68 .
- wires 48 A and 48 B are electrically isolated from each other, either by a thin layer of insulating material or simply by the layout of device 10 and the conductive characteristics of wires 48 A and 48 B. Each include a region 70 ( FIGS. 7 and 8 ) that is susceptible to electrolytic disintegration.
- an electric current is passed through wire 48 A, causing region 70 of wire 48 A to electrolytically disintegrate.
- wire 48 B may be used to further orient aneurysm device 10 .
- handles 46 A and 46 B each includes an electrical contact connected to wire 48 A and 48 B, respectively, for attaching to a source of electricity for performing the above-described step.
- Subassembly 42 is introduced into the femoral artery and guided through the carotid artery into the brain's arterial system, and further guided to the aneurysm 12 .
- closure device 10 is pushed out of fossa 56 , anchors 16 A and 16 B are guided into aneurysm 12 , and anchors 18 A and 18 B are positioned in root artery 14 .
- a pulse of electricity severs closure device 10 from wires 48 A and 48 B and closure device 10 is installed in place.
- Wires 48 A and 48 B are made of stainless steel alloy 304 , which may also be referred to as alloy 18 - 8 . This material is coated with poly tetrafluoroethylene, except for at detachment points 70 and the points where they are connected to a source of electricity.
- the nitinol alloy that frame 22 ( FIG. 3 ) is made of is 54.5% to 57% nickel, with the remainder titanium, which forms a super-elastic alloy.
- the introducer tube 50 is made of high density polyethylene, coated at the distal tip with a hydrophilic coating.
- silicone 28 of the closure device 10 is silicone MED 4820 or MED-6640, which is a high tear strength liquid silicone elastomer, having a Shore A durometer reading of 20 - 40 .
- a MED6-161 Silicone Primer is used to attach silicone 28 to Nitinol frame 22 .
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/013,983 US20140005651A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Apparatus and method for positioning an implantable device |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US201161448459P | 2011-03-02 | 2011-03-02 | |
PCT/US2012/027259 WO2012118957A2 (fr) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-03-01 | Système de fermeture endovasculaire |
US14/013,983 US20140005651A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Apparatus and method for positioning an implantable device |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2012/027259 Continuation-In-Part WO2012118957A2 (fr) | 2011-03-02 | 2012-03-01 | Système de fermeture endovasculaire |
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US20140005651A1 true US20140005651A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US14/013,964 Active US8876863B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Endovascular closure device |
US14/013,949 Abandoned US20140005698A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Endovascular Closure System |
US14/013,983 Abandoned US20140005651A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Apparatus and method for positioning an implantable device |
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US14/013,964 Active US8876863B2 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Endovascular closure device |
US14/013,949 Abandoned US20140005698A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 | 2013-08-29 | Endovascular Closure System |
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US (3) | US8876863B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2680765A4 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2828960A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012118957A2 (fr) |
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- 2012-03-01 EP EP12752220.9A patent/EP2680765A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-08-29 US US14/013,964 patent/US8876863B2/en active Active
- 2013-08-29 US US14/013,949 patent/US20140005698A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-08-29 US US14/013,983 patent/US20140005651A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9326774B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2016-05-03 | Covidien Lp | Device for implantation of medical devices |
US9808256B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-11-07 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic detachment elements for implant delivery systems |
US9814466B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2017-11-14 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic and mechanical detachment for implant delivery systems |
US10874401B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2020-12-29 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic and mechanical detachment for implant delivery systems |
US11839380B2 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2023-12-12 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic and mechanical detachment for implant delivery systems |
US9717503B2 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2017-08-01 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic detachment for implant delivery systems |
US10828037B2 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2020-11-10 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic detachment with fluid electrical connection |
US10828039B2 (en) | 2016-06-27 | 2020-11-10 | Covidien Lp | Electrolytic detachment for implantable devices |
US11051822B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2021-07-06 | Covidien Lp | Implant detachment with thermal activation |
US9848906B1 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2017-12-26 | Joe Michael Eskridge | Stent retriever having an expandable fragment guard |
US11266435B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 | 2022-03-08 | Joe Michael Eskridge | Stent retriever having an expandable fragment guard |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140005698A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
EP2680765A4 (fr) | 2015-11-18 |
WO2012118957A3 (fr) | 2012-11-01 |
CA2828960A1 (fr) | 2012-09-07 |
US8876863B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
US20130345738A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
WO2012118957A2 (fr) | 2012-09-07 |
EP2680765A2 (fr) | 2014-01-08 |
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