US20130299340A1 - Apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline solution - Google Patents
Apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline solution Download PDFInfo
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- US20130299340A1 US20130299340A1 US13/945,173 US201313945173A US2013299340A1 US 20130299340 A1 US20130299340 A1 US 20130299340A1 US 201313945173 A US201313945173 A US 201313945173A US 2013299340 A1 US2013299340 A1 US 2013299340A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/03—Electric current
- A61L2/035—Electrolysis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L12/10—Halogens or compounds thereof
- A61L12/102—Chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L12/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L12/08—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L12/12—Non-macromolecular oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. hydrogen peroxide or ozone
- A61L12/124—Hydrogen peroxide; Peroxy compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
- A61L2/0082—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using chemical substances
- A61L2/0088—Liquid substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/22—Phase substances, e.g. smokes, aerosols or sprayed or atomised substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of medical sterilized normal saline, more specifically, to such a method for manufacturing sterilized normal saline for medical purpose with effective sterilizing efficacy comprising: a step of disposing at least one electrode set immersed in saline solution of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5 including a pair of electrodes with flat surface separated from each other by an interval between 1 mm and 3 mm, the flat surfaces of the electrodes facing each other; and a step of supplying 30 mA to 200 mA direct current to the electrodes by applying 2.4V to 3.3V DC power to the electrodes; wherein free chlorine is reliably and stably generated as having concentration range between 0.17 ppm and 6 ppm from electrolysis between electrodes.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/449,596, filed Aug. 14, 2009, which is a U.S. National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/KR08/01096, filed Feb. 26, 2008, which claims priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-0018791, filed Feb. 26, 2007 and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-0084223, filed Aug. 21, 2007, said patent applications hereby fully incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to a manufacturing method, more particularly, to such a method reliably manufacturing low-concentratedly controlled free chlorine including hypochlorous acid (HOCl) therein using electrolysis in order to disinfect various germs causing diseases.
- As is well known, environmental diseases have been increased as air and soil has been polluted, and the concern for a well-being and health has been increased. Accordingly, rhinitis' patients washing their noses with normal saline in the market have been increased.
- Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is well known as effective and harmless chemicals to people as well as chemicals for disinfecting various viruses. However, Journal of Burns and Wounds, a medical journal published on Apr. 11, 2007, showed in its article titled “Hypochlorous Acid as a Potential Wound Care Agent” that HOCl has never been used as medical supplies for curing viral infection.
- On the other hand, normal saline is achieved by four chemical mechanisms as follows.
-
2Cl−+2e −->Cl2 Chemical equation 2a - That is, HOCl can be generated by hydrolyzing chlorine gas in accordance with the
chemical equation 1, or by electrolyzing saline solution in accordance with the chemical equation 2a and 2b, or by oxidizing hypo-chlorite in accordance with thechemical equation 3. In the case ofchemical equation 1, however, it is troublesome and risky to handle chlorine gas which is sometimes in the form of poisonous gas. Also, with regard to the chemical equations 2a and 2b, it is written in the above article that it is very difficult to realize the targeted concentration of HOCl by electrolysis. Therefore, the above journal shows that it is most desirable to generate HOCl for medical uses through using commercially available hypo-chlorite in accordance with thechemical equation 3. - On the other hand, it is written at 71 page of the above journal that the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of HOCl enough to disinfect viruses at normal temperature are shown as follows.
-
TABLE 1 Germs MBC (ppm) Escherichia coli 0.7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.35 Staphylococcus aureus 0.173 Staphylococcus epidermidis 0.338 Micrococcus luteus 2.77 Corynebacterium amycolatum 0.169 Haemophilus influenzae 0.338 Proteus mirabilis 0.340 Staphylococcus hominis 1.4 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 0.338 Staphylococcus saprophyticus 0.35 Candida albicans 2.7 Klebsiella pneumoniae 1.7 Serratia marcescens 0.169 Sterptococcus pyogenes 0.169 Enterobacter aerogenes 0.676 Candida albicans 0.17 Methicillin-resistent Staphylococcus aureus 0.682 Vancomycin-resistent Enterococcus faecium 2.73 - From the above table 1, even very low concentration of HOCl can sterilize most of germs effectively. However, a solution with unlimitedly higher concentration of HOCl would not be used for medical uses. Therefore, the above journal describes that the unreliable amount of HOCl generated by an electrolysis cannot be used for medically curing any infection such as by directly injecting or spraying it into a human body. Specifically, when the concentration of HOCl exceeds over 6 ppm, it causes trouble on sensitive parts of human body such as a mucosa of a nose and eyes, further it causes the stench of the solution, and thus, a solution with over 6 ppm concentration of HOCl has been regarded as not being used for medical treatment. In this regard, the document published on January in 1994 by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency has also announced that a desirable concentration of the free chlorine (in other words, it is referred as ‘residual chlorine’) for an adult with weight of 70 Kgf is recommended as less than 6 ppm.
- Therefore, it is most important to manufacture sterilized normal saline with maintaining the precise low concentration of free chlorine including HOCl in order for applying HOCl to a medical treatment. Also, maximizing the ratio of HOCl in the free chlorine is needed for better sterilizing effect.
- On the other hand, HOCl has a relatively long half-life time of 44 hour in the inside of a human body. However, in the water, as shown in
FIG. 16 , the half-life time of HOCl falls to 3 minutes, and thus, the effective sterilizing efficacy of HOCl cannot be expected after the half-life time is passed. - Considering above, HOCl has been widely admitted for its possible use for medical treatments because HOCl has a sterilizing efficacy against diverse germs. However, as HOCl has very short half-life time outside of human body, and as HOCl has not been realistically manufactured with being controlled within the predetermined lower range of concentration, it has been regarded as impossible to apply HOCl to patients for medical purpose such as treating diseases infected by diverse germs.
- Accordingly, there has been great need for method of manufacturing HOC, with the predetermined constant lower range of concentration enough to terminate germs as well as not to cause the disgusted feeling to patents so that the free chlorine especially including HOCl can be realistically applied to patents for medical purpose.
- These disadvantages of the prior art are overcome by the present invention. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for sterilized normal saline for medical purpose with the constantly and reliably controlled as low concentration between 0.17 ppm and 6 ppm so that the sterilized normal saline has effective sterilizing efficacy without causing patients to feel disgusted.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for sterilized normal saline for medical purpose with the regularly controlled concentration of free chlorine which is inodorous so that it does not make trouble on diseases such as a mucosa of a lung, eyes, a nose or a skin and therefore can be comfortably used for sensitive patients.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a portable apparatus for manufacturing sterilized normal saline for medical purpose so that patients can use the sterilized normal saline for their treatment immediately after manufacturing, which includes HOCl having a short half-life time outside of human body.
- Therefore, users can manufacture the sterilized normal saline with lowly controlled concentration of HOCl everywhere they want so that the manufactured normal saline can be applied to various parts such as an inflammation, an athlete's foot, atopic dermatitis, etc.
- Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a portable apparatus for manufacturing normal saline having controlled lowly concentrated HOCl generated from the electrolysis by applying low electric current and low voltage so that the life time of batteries can be prolonged.
- Still, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing sterilized normal saline by electrolysis with using subacid or neutral water of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5 in order to raise the ratio of HOCl with strong sterilizing efficacy.
- In order to attain the above mentioned object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing sterilized normal saline for medical purpose with effective sterilizing efficacy comprising: a step of disposing at least one electrode set immersed in saline solution of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5 including a pair of positive electrode and negative electrode with flat surface separated from each other by an interval between 1 mm and 3 mm, the flat surfaces of the electrodes facing each other; a step of supplying 30 mA to 200 mA direct current to the electrodes by applying 2.4V to 3.3V DC power to the electrodes; wherein free chlorine is generated as having concentration range between 0.17 ppm and 6 ppm from electrolysis between electrodes.
- As the medical normal saline of the present invention is manufactured by use of subacid or neutral normal saline of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5, as shown in
FIG. 13 , the ratio of HOCl in the solution having experienced the electrolysis can be maximized at least 50% or up to 100% thereof, thereby achieving high treatment efficacy even with the small amount of the free chlorine and also preventing the acid degree of the solution from causing patients to feel troublesome at their mucosa of nose or eyes. Further, the medical normal saline of the present invention can be manufactured by mixing salt and tap water or underground water of subacid or neutral pH which can be easily obtained. - Herein, the solution can have its up to 3% high salt concentration different from the normal saline so that the solution of high concentration may be supplied to insensitive organs of human body which are not sensitive.
- When the gap of the pair of the electrodes is less than 1 mm, the current between the electrodes is excessively raised, and gases generated during the electrolysis cannot get out of the inner space between the electrodes, and thus, the free chlorine is sometimes generated too much or is sometimes generated too little. That is, the amount of the free chlorine generated there during is not consistent when the gap of the electrodes is less than 1 mm. When the gap of the pair of the electrodes is over 3 mm, high electric current is required to flow between the pair of electrodes. However, when the high electric current is supplied to the pair of the electrodes, the current becomes excessively increased as shown in
FIG. 14 and thus it becomes impossible to make low current flow between the electrodes so that the controlled small amount of the free chlorine cannot be generated, and also, the consumption of the electric power becomes too much so that it cannot be applied to a portable device. That is, in order that the controlled low concentrated free chlorine can be reliably generated by the electrolysis, it is required to constantly maintain the current and the amount of electric charges moving across the electrodes to be very low. - With maintaining the gap between the electrodes, when the DC voltage between 2.4V and 3.3V is applied thereto, DC current between 30 mA and 200 mA flows therebetween. When the DC current continues to flow between the electrodes, solution with the controlled low concentration between 0.17 ppm and 6.0 ppm of free chlorine is obtained. Herein, when DC voltage less than 2.4V is applied to the electrodes, as the voltage difference cannot overcome the resistance of the normal saline and thus the electric current cannot flow between the electrodes. When DC voltage more than 3.3V is applied to the electrode, it becomes very difficult to maintain the DC current within the constant range because the current between the electrodes increases very sharply, and thus, the concentration of the free chlorine also increases sharply, and accordingly, it becomes very difficult to generate the controlled low concentrated free chlorine.
- In this regards, the net current to an external circuit via one electrode is determined by the difference between the oxidation current and the deoxidation current. Specifically, as shown in
FIG. 14 , according to Butler-Volmer equation, the net current increases proportionally when the overvoltage is small while the net current exponentially increases when the overvoltage is larger than a predetermined value. That is, the current flowing between the electrodes immersed in the saline solution having concentration of 0.3% to 3% depends on the voltage applied thereto and the resistance between the electrodes. Therefore, as saline solution between the electrodes having the simple flat surface respectively plays a role in an electric resistance, electric current will not flow when small voltage less than DC 2.4V is applied to the electrodes. On the other hand, when large voltage more than DC 3.3V is applied thereto, excessive large electric current will flow therebetween and excessive amount of the free chlorine is generated within very short time and thus it becomes very difficult to control the concentration of the free chlorine to be lower range. - The normal saline having lowerly controlled concentration of the residual chlorine can be reliably and stably manufactured by applying DC low current and low DC voltage. The normal saline manufactured by the above method is not irritative and does not have sickening smell and thus can be used in the wide range of usage for medical purpose such as lung, eyes, nose and skins without causing patients to feel disgusted.
- Herein, as normal saline manufactured by the present invention is neutral or subacid, the most part of the free chlorine generated during the electrolysis becomes HOCl having strong sterilizing efficacy. It is desirable to preset the concentration of the free chlorine between 3 ppm and 4 ppm thereby minimizing the possibility that the concentration of the free chlorine exceeds 6 ppm.
- The mechanism of manufacturing the medical normal saline with oxidants such as ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), OH-radicals, HOCl, OCl— of the present invention is realized by the following (1) to (5) procedures.
- (1) The process of ozone creation starts from electrolysis of H2O and finished with a combination of O and O2.
-
H2O→H++(OH)ads +e − -
(OH)ads→(O)ads+H+ +e − -
2(OH)ads→O2+2H++2e − -
*2(O)ads→O2 -
(O)ads+O2→O3 - (2) H2O2 is made by a direct process of electrolysis of O2 and indirect process of a combination of OH radicals, a medium generated by O3. That is,
- direct course,
-
O2 +e −→O2 -
O2+2H++2e −→H2O2 - Indirect course,
-
OH.+OH.→H2O2 - (3) HOCl is formed by chemical reaction with H2O after combining with Cl− existing in water with Cl2.
-
2Cl−→Cl2+2e − -
2H2O+2e −→H2+2OH− -
Cl2+H2O→HOCl+H++Cl− - (4) OH radicals are created and vanished too soon to measure it directly, but in the case of ozone existing in water, OH radicals are finally created forming radical chain cycle with reacting with HO2−, conjugate base of H2O2, or OH−.
-
O3+OH→Radical Chain Reaction→OH. -
O3+HO2− (conjugate base of H2O2→Radical Chain Reaction→OH. - (5) Microorganisms existing in water get removed or inactivated by the oxidants, the following microorganism is removed by electroadsorption and the following microorganics gets removed by direct electrolysis reacting with e−.
- That is, regarding the microorganism,
-
M(Microorganism)→Electrosorption→Inactivation -
Also, -
M(Microorganism)+O3→Inactivation -
M+OH.→Inactivation -
M+HOCl→Inactivation - And, regarding microorganics,
-
M(Microorganics)+e −→M- -
Also, -
M(Microorganics)+O3→Product -
M+OH.→Product -
M+HOCl→Product - That is, during electrolysis, oxidation or sterilization is actively performed by the various oxidants including the free chlorine such as HOCl, OCl— formed in the (1) to (5) procedures. During and after the electrolysis, germs are killed by the sterilizing efficacy of HOCl contained in the medical normal saline as the majority of the free chlorine is generated during the electrolysis.
- Here, H2O2 generated in the procedure of electrolysis can make free radicals, HO.+O. and these free radicals decompose proteins into peptide and amino acid with low molecular weight so that protein turns into water-soluble substance and converges on a double-bonded area, and epoxide is formed. (For instance, C═C—R become C—C—R) More specifically, free radicals formed in H2O2 have high reactivity and attacks other organic molecules like protein for stability of itself hereby oxidization of H2O2 decomposes protein into amino acid, water-soluble substance and remove protein, one of causes for allergies.
- That is, the oxidants including the free chlorine generated during the electrolysis of the present invention has a strong efficacy of killing germs, fungi, bacteria and viruses as well as an efficacy of decomposing the double-bonded area between carbon molecules and nitrogen molecules thereby removing proteins to cause allergy and atopy dermatitis. Therefore, the medial normal saline of the present invention can be applied to treatment of allergy or atopy dermatitis. Further, the medical normal saline of the present invention can be used for curing rhinitis and atopy by transforming the protein to provoke an allergy. Also, the free chlorines such as HOCl are effective at curing HPV (human papillomavirus) to provoke uterine cancer, and thus can be supplied into the womb.
- On the other hand, the inventor of the present invention newly found that the concentration of the free chlorine can be precisely controlled by converting the direction of the electric current between the electrodes during the electrolysis. Specifically, in case that the electric current is supplied to the electrodes without converting the direction thereof during the electrolysis, the experiment shows that the free chlorine is generated more rapidly and suddenly, and that the concentration of the free chlorine becomes different with one another as having larger variations in accordance with each experiments compared with the cases with converting the direction of the electric current. In order to increase the effect of converting the DC current, the period of converting DC current is desired to be set 1 second to 20 seconds. In case that the period is set over 20 seconds, the effect thereof becomes insignificant. Also, considering that the procedure of manufacturing the small amount less than 100 ml of sterilized medical normal saline with the free chlorines by supplying DC current to electrodes is realized for 20 seconds to 60 seconds, it is effective that the period is not over 20 seconds.
- The method of the medical normal saline of the present invention can be realized just with a container for accommodating normal saline, electrodes in the container and a power supply to supply DC current to the electrodes. Thus, the method of the present invention can be achieved by a light apparatus having only a few requisite components. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be realized as a portable apparatus to be used not only by professional medical institutions but also by an individual patient, i.e., customer level.
- Especially, HOCl generated in the medical sterilized normal saline is very unstable in neutral or subacid area, and thus is tend to be reduced to a half only for 3 minutes. Therefore, the free chlorines should be supplied to patients within 3 minutes from manufacturing the medical normal saline. From this point of view, by realizing the method of the present invention by a portable apparatus, many patients or customers can use the medical normal saline to to-be-cured region such as inside of nose, eyes, skins of allergy, teeth, teethridge, lung, throat, bronchi, womb, etc., until the free chlorines do not lose the most of sterilizing efficacy, i.e., right after manufacturing the medical normal saline for themselves. Once HOCl is supplied to the inside of mammal bodies, the half-life time of HOCl increases to 44 hours. Therefore, prompt supply into the body right after manufacturing the medical normal saline can obtain enough time to sterilize or kill germs, fungi, bacteria, the causes of diseases.
- On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing sterilized normal saline for medical purpose with sterilizing efficacy comprising: a step of disposing at least one electrode set immersed in saline solution of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5 including a pair of electrodes, each of which has a plurality of domains separated from one another on the facing surface of the each electrode, the plurality of domains on the facing surface of the one electrode being faced to the plurality of domains respectively on the facing surface of the other electrode with an interval between 1 mm and 3 mm; a step of supplying 30 mA to 180 mA of DC current to the electrodes by applying 2.2V to 3.2V DC voltage to the electrodes; and a step of converting the direction of DC current between the electrodes at least one time, wherein the total area of the plural domains of each of the electrodes covers 4% to 25% of the total area of the facing surface of each electrode and the free chlorine is generated as having concentration range between 0.17 ppm to 6 ppm during the electrolysis.
- That is, a plurality of domains are formed on the surface of the electrodes which faces each other, and a plurality of current paths are formed between the plurality of domains, and therefore, constant and slight electrolysis occurs at the plurality of the domains. Accordingly, the constant chemical reactions for generating the free chlorines occur at the plurality of domains on a small scale over the whole surface of each of the electrodes, and thus it is much easier to precisely control the concentration of the free chlorine at precisely lowered level.
- That is, in case that electrolysis occurs at the electrodes which has a plurality of small multi-points (i.e., domains) on their surfaces facing each other and thus form a plurality of current paths between the multi-points, compared with the case that the electrolysis occurs at the electrodes only having simple flat surfaces facing each other, it was found that the more and smaller bubbles are generated with uniformly distributed during the electrolysis.
- Especially, in the case that the multi-points of domains are formed on the electrodes, as electric charges are concentrated and flow along the paths between the multi-points of domains, the electric current can flow between the electrodes with the lowerly supplied voltage of 2.2V. or with the lower electric current, and the consumption of the electric power can be lowered, and thus the life of battery can be prolonged for a longer time. Most of all, instead of supplying lots of electric charges at the multi-point of domains at a time, electric charges are desired to be constantly and continuously supplied to the multi-point of domains to induce the electrolysis, so that the chemical reactions are constantly and uniformly realized because the reactants for generating HOCl can be reacted without any hindrances. Accordingly, when electrolysis occurs with the electrodes having the multi-points of domains facing each other in the same condition, the free chlorines are more constantly and slowly generated and thus it becomes easier to control the generation rate of the free chlorines thereby enabling to control and generate the free chlorines within targeted lower concentration thereof.
- Similarly, during the supply of the DC voltage to the electrodes, by including the step of converting the direction of the electric current between the electrodes, the concentration of the free chlorines can be more precisely controlled to be lowered less than 6 ppm.
- Herein, the electrode set comprises a plate-shaped positive electrode having a plurality of positive rods divided by a plurality of positive slots in one direction which are parallel with one another; and a plate-shaped negative electrode having a plurality of negative rods divided by a plurality of negative slots in one direction which are parallel with one another wherein a plurality of domains are formed by the areas overlapped in the perpendicular direction to the surface of the electrodes in condition that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are disposed in parallel, and that the positive rods are not disposed to be parallel with the negative rods.
- From this construction, small electric current flows between the plurality of domains which are formed by the areas overlapped in the perpendicular direction to the surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolysis constantly occurs at the uniformly distributed areas over the whole surface of the electrodes thereby enabling to precisely control the concentration of the free chlorines to the low level.
- Herein, it is desirable that the positive rod and the negative rod are arrayed at right angle each other so that the distances among the domains and the sizes of the domains can be constant. The width of the positive rods is smaller than that of the positive slots while the width of the negative rods is smaller than that of the negative slots. Therefore, the domains of the negative electrode are arrayed more apart from the other domains of the negative electrode than the size of the domains. Further, the reactants required to generate the free chlorines are more distributed and thus the reactants react uniformly over the surface of the electrodes.
- On the other hand, the electrodes include a plurality of positive projections protruded from the positive electrode; and a plurality of negative projections facing the each of the positive projections and protruded from the negative electrode, wherein the plurality of domains are formed on the top surface of the projections facing each other. The projections can be formed of cone shape or circular column shape or other form. In case that the domains are formed of the projections, the same or similar effects to the described above can be obtained.
- Herein, the conversion period for changing the direction of current between the electrodes is desirable to be set between 1 second and 20 seconds. Also, when the amount of the normal saline is 10 ml to 100 ml, the normal saline can be manufactured with a portable apparatus by a customer level. At this case, the medical normal saline with 0.17 ppm to 6 ppm concentration of the free chlorines can be obtained by supplying DC current for 10 seconds to 60 seconds.
- As described above, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing sterilized normal saline for medical purpose with effective sterilizing efficacy comprising: a step of disposing at least one electrode set immersed in saline solution of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5 including a pair of positive electrode and negative electrode with flat surface separated from each other by an interval between 1 mm and 3 mm, the flat surfaces of the electrodes facing each other; a step of supplying 30 mA to 200 mA direct current to the electrodes by applying 2.4V to 3.3V DC power to the electrodes; wherein free chlorine is generated as having concentration range between 0.17 ppm and 6 ppm from electrolysis between electrodes, whereby the medical normal saline with lower concentration of the free chlorines can be stably and reliably obtained.
- Further, the present invention enables to apply the medical normal saline to sensitive patients because the medical normal saline is manufactured by strictly and precisely controlling the concentration of the free chlorines within the lower range, and thus does not have any stimulus on the sensitive part of body such as mucosa of lung, eye, nose, skin and does not have offensive smell owing to much of chlorine.
- Also, the present invention enables patients or customers to manufacture the medical normal saline by electrolysis for themselves at any time and at any place, which contains the precisely controlled concentration of the free chlorines, and thus, enables patients or customers to apply the fresh medical normal saline with more sterilizing efficacy for their purpose directly after manufacturing it, thereby maximizing the curing efficacy.
- And, the present invention enables to use battery of a portable apparatus for manufacturing the medical normal saline for longer time because the electrolysis occurs by applying low voltage and low current to the electrodes thereby reducing the consumption of the electric power.
- Also, the present invention uses subacid or neutral water of pH 4.0 to pH 7.5 during the electrolysis so as to maximize the content of HOCl having sterilizing efficacy of 80 times more than OCl—, and provides a medical normal saline having high sterilizing efficacy.
- Accordingly, the present invention will be understood best through consideration of, and reference to, the following Figures, viewed in conjunction with the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment referring thereto, in which like reference numbers throughout the various Figures designate like structure and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for realizing the medical sterilizing normal saline in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a exploded perspective view ofFIG. 1 -
FIG. 3 is a partly sectional perspective view ofFIG. 1 -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the electrodes ofFIG. 1 -
FIG. 5 is a dissembled perspective view ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 6 is a circuit view showing power supply to the electrodes of the apparatus ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for showing the operation principle of the apparatus ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view by cut-line VI-VI. -
FIG. 9 is a front view of other construction of electrodes applicable to the electrodes ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 10 is an enlarged part view of the second drawing ofFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 11 is a schematic projected view when the first drawing ofFIG. 9 is overlapped on the second drawing ofFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 12 is a view of another construction of electrodes applicable to the electrodes ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 13 is a graph of the relation between the form of free chlorine and pH at 20° C. and 100 m/1 -
FIG. 14 is a graph of the relation of Butler-Volmer equation between overvoltage of electrodes and the current. -
FIG. 15 is a view of a circuit for maintaining the current constantly between the electrodes in spite of the change of the salt concentration or the change of the voltage applied to the electrodes. -
FIG. 16 is a graph of the amount of the free chlorine in accordance with the 20 seconds operation time. -
FIG. 17 andFIG. 18 are the perspective view of cleaning module of contact lenses combined with the inlet of the container ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of reversed state of the apparatus for manufacturing the medical normal saline with the plug. -
FIG. 20 is a detailed view ofFIG. 19 . - The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- In describing the present invention, detailed description of laid-out function or structure is omitted in order to clarify the gist of the present invention.
- As shown in the
FIGS. 1 to 6 , the apparatus for manufacturing sterilized normal saline in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention comprises: acontainer 110 for accommodating the water for manufacturing sterilized normal saline; aspraying unit 120 for spraying the sterilized normal saline to a wound area or inside of a nose; abody 130 holding thecontainer 110 and a control circuit; anelectrode set 140 immersed under the saline solution in thecontainer 110 for generating oxidants including HOCl by electrolysis; acover 150 for covering the upper part of thebody 130; and abattery 160 of a power supply for supplying electric power to theelectrode set 140. - The
container 110 is formed for accommodating saline solution of about 0.9% salt concentration by mixing drinking water and salt. In order to make the about 0.9% salt concentrated saline solution, scale is indicated on the surface of thecontainer 110 for accommodating the exact amount of water (e.g., 50 ml or 100 ml) of which pH is 4.0 to 7.5. As the pH of the accommodated solution is between pH 4.0 to 7.5, most of the free chlorines generated therein form HOCl with high sterilizing efficacy. - Also, in order to manufacture medical normal saline with 0.9% salt concentration, normal saline is poured to the
container 110 via theentrance 110 a until the amount of the normal saline in thecontainer 110 reaches the indicated scale. Herein, instead of directly pouring the normal saline into thecontainer 110, after pouring tap water of neutral or subacid into thecontainer 110 firstly, the normal saline can be manufactured by mixing the water with salt which is released for a salt package containing the suitable amount for making water be normal saline. - The
spraying unit 120 includes aplug 121 combined with theentrance 110 a of thecontainer 110 for isolating the accommodated solution from the outside and having a button reciprocally movable, achamber 124 having a changeable volume in accordance with the reciprocal movement of the button so as to suck up the sterilized solution from thecontainer 110, aspring 125 plated with platinum on its surface and installed compressed in thechamber 124 so that the button can return to its original position, a spraying pipe which is a passage of the sterilizing water in the vertical direction for spraying the sterilized normal saline from inside of thecontainer 110 to the outside, aspray 123 for spraying the sterilized normal saline formed on the outer surface of theplug 121. - Herein, in order to spray the sterilized normal saline to outside through the
spraying unit 120, a user presses the button of the apparatus downwardly, then the sterilized normal saline is pumped up to thespraying unit 120 through the sprayingpipe 122 by a instantaneous volume change of thevacuum chamber 124, and the sterilized normal saline can be sprayed through thespraying unit 120 in a form of minute water drops. The normal saline in thecontainer 110 may be supplied to a part of patients or customers in other ways. - The
body 130 includes abody case 131 surrounding thecontainer 110 so as to form the exterior of theapparatus 100, abattery cover 132 for opening or closing the battery accommodating part (not shown) for accommodating two 1.5V batteries for supplying DC current, aswitch 133 for ordering to supply DC current to the electrode set 140 until the free chlorines are generated to the concentration of 0.17 ppm to 6 ppm, afirst indicator 133 a for indicating the state of operation by colors such as red, yellow or green, acircuit accommodation area 135 for installing a control circuit such as for supplying DC current to the electrode set 140, and a bottom area 139 forming the bottom surface of thecontainer 110. - When user presses the
operation switch 133, DC voltage is supplied to theelectrode unit 140 for a preset time so that the preset amount of the free chlorines is generated. Specifically, when theoperation switch 133 is pressed, DC current is supplied to the electrode set 140 about for 20 seconds so that the free chlorines are generated to be 3 ppm to 4 ppm concentration of the normal saline at 20° C. In this regard, in case that theoperation switch 133 is pressed twice continuously, as the free chlorines may be generated more than the intended amount, when any signal is input by pressing theoperation switch 133 more than 2 times within 2 minutes, a message relating thereto is indicated via theindicators - As shown in
FIGS. 4 to 8 , the electrode set 140 includes anegative electrode plate 141, and apositive electrode plate 142 apart from the negative electrode plate by 2 mm, asupport 143 to fix the pair ofelectrodes side support 144 to guide the pair of theelectrodes support 143 and to maintain the interval between theelectrodes bottom plate 145 of fixing thesupport 143, fixing bolts to fix thesupport 143 to thebottom plate 145, and arubber packing plate 147 beneath thebottom plate 145 for preventing solution from permeating into the electric components. - As shown in
FIG. 5 , thesupport 143 includesconcave connection slot 1431 for fixing thenegative electrode plate 141 andconcave connection slot 1432 for fixing thepositive electrode plate 142. As shown inFIG. 5 , anegative electrode line 161 is connected to theconnection slot 1431 of thenegative electrode plate 141, and thepositive electrode line 162 is connected to the connection slot of thepositive electrode plate 142 inside of thesupport 143 so that simply inserting theelectrode plates slots support 143 can provide an environment of supplying electric power to theelectrode plates electrodes old electrodes support 143 and by insertingnew electrodes slots support 143. Thus, theapparatus 100 can be usable semi-permanently. - Also, the
rubber packing plate 147 is attached beneath thebottom plate 145 and is placed between the bottom plate 149 and the bottom area 139 thereby preventing the normal saline from being leaked to the outside of thecontainer 110. Herein, therubber packing plate 147 may be formed of ring shape instead of plate shape, and thus attached to the circumstance of the bottom plate 139. Thepower supply lines FIG. 6 connected with the inside of thebody case 131 via thebottom plate 145, and thus transport DC current from thebatteries 160. - Meanwhile, as shown in
FIGS. 9 to 11 , the electrode set may be formed of anegative electrode 241 having a plurality ofnegative rods 241 a divided byvertical slots 241 b, and apositive electrode 242 having a plurality ofpositive rods 242 a divided byhorizontal slots 242 b. Herein, as illustrated inFIG. 11 , thenegative rods 241 a are arrayed with thepositive rods 242 a at right angle, and the plurality of domains facing each other are formed in the overlappedareas 2412 of theelectrodes negative electrode 241 and the domains ofpositive domains 242. Therefore, although small amount of voltage is supplied to the plurality of domains which are distributed uniformly, the electric current flows therebetween, thereby extending the life ofbatteries 160. Further, as the electrolysis occurs by supplying small voltage to the domains of theelectrodes - Herein, in order to prevent that the electrolysis occurs more vigorously along the
circumstance area electrode domains 2412, coating layer is formed on thecircumference area FIG. 9 . Also, the width d1 of thenegative rod 241 a and thepositive rod 242 a is smaller than the width d2 of thenegative slot 241 b and thepositive slot 242 b. Thus, the size of thedomains 2412 becomes shorter than the distances between thedomains 2412 whereby the reactants to generate HOCl can be uniformly and effectively distributed around current paths between thedomains 2412 so that HOCl can be constantly generated by the adequate and continuous supply of the reactants. Therefore, the precise control of the HOCl is more easily achievable. - On the other hand, the electrode set having the plurality of domains facing each other may be formed as shown in
FIG. 12 . That is, the electrode set ofFIG. 12 includes anegative electrode plate 341 having a plurality ofnegative projections 341 a protruded thereon, apositive electrode plate 342 having a plurality ofpositive projections 342 a the protruded thereon each of which faces each of thenegative projections 341 a, wherein the top areas A of both the plurality ofnegative projections 341 a and the plurality ofpositive projections 342 a form the plurality of domains facing each other. Similarly, thenegative electrode plate 341 and thepositive electrode plate 342 are fixed to thesupport 143 with maintaining a constant interval d4, and thus thenegative projections 341 a and thepositive projections 342 a on the facing surfaces B are separated each other by the interval d3, whereby electric charges are concentrated on the top areas A of theprojections electrode electrodes - A platinum is plated on the surface of the
electrodes - The control circuit installed in the
circuit accommodation area 135 controls to supply DC current to theelectrodes switch 133, and controls theindicators electrodes electrodes new batteries 160 is initially 3.3V, only 2.2V to 2.5V is applied to theelectrodes electrodes flat electrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes - Concretely, the circuit shown in
FIG. 15 is to constantly maintain the DC current between theelectrodes batteries 160 and of the differences of the salt concentration. Also, the control circuit periodically converts the direction of DC current between theelectrodes negative electrodes positive electrodes electrodes electrodes points first point 181 to thesecond point 182, while TR1 and TR4 are OFF and when TR2 and TR3 are ON, the DC current flows from thesecond point 182 to thefirst point 181. - Herein, the saline solution between the
electrodes FIG. 15 . Thus, although a scale is indicated on thecontainer 110 for accommodating the constant amount of saline solution, the salt concentration of the saline solution may be different by the carelessness of a user. Accordingly, the resistance 111 a may be different, and the DC current also may be different from the preset value. In order to compensate the difference of DC current, actual DC current is sensed by a resistance R1 which is serially connected from thebatteries 160. - For example, when TR1 and TR4 are ON and when
TR 2 and TR3 are OFF and thus DC current flows from thefirst point 181 to thesecond point 182, the DC current on the resistance R1 is sensed as apulse form 66. Herein, when the DC current is higher than the preset value, if the base current IB is minutely raised, as a electric power is more consumed at TR1 and TR4, the width of thepulse 66 becomes smaller thereby lowering the voltage over the saline solution, and therefore, the DC current between theelectrodes electrodes pulse 66 becomes bigger thereby raising the voltage over the saline solution, and therefore, the DC current between theelectrodes electrodes - Similar operation principle is also applied in compensating the differences of DC current in accordance with the voltage drop due to the use of the
batteries 160. Although the initial voltage of thebatteries 160 is 3.3V, the voltage drops to 2.3V in accordance with a use of thebatteries 160. Therefore, when DC current is applied to theelectrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes batteries 160. - From these constructions, although the salt concentration and the battery voltage may be inconsistent, the DC current applied to the electrodes can be constantly maintained, whereby the sterilized normal saline with the constantly lowly concentrated free chlorine such as HOCl can be reliably and stably obtained.
- The
cover 150 plays a role in covering the upper part of thebody 130 and in accommodating the salt package of which amount is to weighed to make normal saline of about 0.9% salt concentration in thecontainer 110. Thus, a user conveniently carries the required salt within theaccommodating part 150 a together with theapparatus 100. Alid 152 opens or closes theaccommodating part 150 a by combining with the combiningpart 151. - The
batteries 160 as a power supply is formed of a pair of 1.5V rated voltage batteries. Thebatteries 160supply 30 mA to 200 mA DC current to theelectrodes power supply lines - When the DC voltage is applied to the electrodes from the
batteries 160, in accordance with the above procedures (1) to (5), theapparatus 100 manufactures the sterilized normal saline with 0.17 ppm to 6 ppm of low concentration of the residual concentration, wherein most of the free chlorines are formed of HOCl. - Hereinafter, the principle of the apparatus for manufacturing sterilized normal saline in accordance with the present of the invention will be described.
- When a user manufactures sterilized normal saline using the
apparatus 100, the user inputs subacid or neutral tap water and the salt in the package into thecontainer 110 and mix them to make about 0.9% saline solution. Thereafter, the power is supplied via theslots electrodes batteries 160, and after comparing the measured current with the preset current, the DC current to theelectrodes - Herein, the electric charges supplied to the
electrodes projections projections - The
apparatus 100 necessarily requires the only electrode set 241, 242, 341, 342 with plural domains A, 2412 facing each other, and thus can be constructed as a small portable one enough for a user to carry conveniently. - Hereinafter, the example of the sterilized normal saline in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- The
electrodes electrodes -
TABLE 2 Voltage Average Standard Deviation of Supply DC Current Concentration Concentration of Free No. (VDC) (mA) of Free chlorines chlorines 1-1 2.2 Not flow — — 1-2 2.4 80 1.20 0.45 1-3 2.7 160 2.10 0.71 1-4 3.3 200 3.04 0.81 1-5 3.5 350 5.81 1.24 1-6 4.5 520 7.14 1.72 - As shown in the experimental result Table-2, DC current cannot flow between the
electrodes electrodes electrodes Average DC 200 mA flows between theelectrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes - The width d1 of
rods electrodes slots electrodes electrodes negative rods 241 a are positioned at right angle with thepositive rods 242 a. Each of the center areas including the domains (i.e., whole surface area of the rods and slots) surrounded by the x, y ofFIG. 9 is 841 mm2 respectively and are plated by platinum, and the other surface areas (i.e.,circumstance area electrodes circumference areas electrodes electrodes -
TABLE 3 Voltage Average Standard Deviation Supply DC Current Concentration of Concentration of No. (VDC) (mA) of Free chlorines Free chlorines 2-1 2.1 Not flow — — 2-2 2.2 40 1.01 0.21 2-3 2.4 50 1.62 0.31 2-4 2.6 65 2.83 0.25 2-5 2.7 75 3.04 0.33 2-6 2.9 85 3.20 0.30 2-7 3.0 100 3.57 0.66 2-8 3.2 120 4.30 0.78 2-9 3.4 160 5.57 1.51 - As shown in the experimental result Table-3, DC current cannot flow between the
electrodes electrodes electrodes Average DC 120 mA flows between theelectrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes electrodes - Although not shown in the above table-3, regarding the small amount of less than 150 ml normal saline, it is confirmed by the experiment that the amount of the free chlorines generated by the electrolysis increases in the same way to the above result except for longer operation time.
- The width d1 of
rods electrodes slots electrodes electrodes negative rods 241 a are positioned at right angle with thepositive rods 242 a. Each of the center areas including the domains (i.e., whole surface area of the rods and slots) surrounded by the x, y ofFIG. 9 is 841 mm2 respectively and are plated by platinum, and the other surface areas (i.e.,circumstance area electrodes circumference areas electrodes electrodes -
TABLE 4 Average Standard Current Direction DC Concentration Deviation of Conversion Period Current of Free Concentration of No. (second) (mA) chlorines Free chlorines 3-1 1 Cannot 1.61 0.47 measure 3-2 2 Cannot 2.16 0.51 measure 3-3 5 70 2.97 0.40 3-4 7 70 3.40 0.89 3-5 12 70 3.73 0.51 3-6 15 70 4.11 0.61 3-7 18 70 4.63 0.66 3-8 19 70 4.80 0.78 3-9 Not change 70 5.53 0.95 - The experimental result of Table-4 shows that the average concentration of the free chlorines becomes smaller as the conversion period becomes shorter. On the other hand, in case that the direction of the DC current is not changed for 20 seconds, it shows that the possibility of exceeding 6 ppm of the concentration thereof increases. However, in case that the conversion period becomes too short, the DC current cannot be measured but the deviation of the concentration thereof shows a little bit high. Therefore, it was concluded that 5 second period is the most suitable for maintaining the concentration below 6 ppm and for reducing the deviations of the concentration. That is, comparing the case of 5 second period with the case of not having the conversion period, the concentration of the free chlorines and the deviation thereof in the former case with the conversion period becomes a half than that in the later case without the conversion period.
- Meanwhile, although the data is not shown in the above Table-4 for the simple
flat electrodes flat electrodes - The experiments is to performed what effect is influenced by the changes of the width of the
rods slots electrodes negative rods 241 a are positioned at right angle with thepositive rods 242 a. Each of the center areas including the domains (i.e., whole surface area of the rods and slots) surrounded by the x, y ofFIG. 9 is 841 mm2 respectively and are plated by platinum, and the other surface areas (i.e.,circumstance area electrodes circumference areas electrodes electrodes -
TABLE 5 Average Standard Width Width of DC Concentration Deviation of of Rod Slot Current of Free Concentration of No. (mm) (mm) (mA) chlorines Free chlorines 4-1 0.7 1.3 100 3.57 0.66 4-2 0.3 0.8 80 3.01 0.49 4-3 0.5 1.1 85 3.24 0.61 4-4 1.0 1.1 110 4.07 1.11 - The experimental result of Table-5 shows that the DC current becomes smaller as the area of
domains 2412 facing each other becomes smaller for a unit area and distributed widely for a unit area. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is more efficient for precisely controlling the concentration of the free chlorines to uniformly distribute the plurality ofdomains 2412 which are formed as small as possible. - The sterilized normal saline of 35 ml having 0.85% salt concentration is manufactured by electrolysis for 20 seconds, and then has been applied only 30 seconds to germs of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA for Time Kill Test by Polymer Solutions Incorporated in U.S.A. The test result is as follows.
-
TABLE 6 Initial CFU/ ml contents 1st Test 2nd Test 2.8 × 106 Living CFL Less than 5 Less than 5 2.8 × 106 Killing percentage 99.9998% 99.9998% 2.8 × 106 Log10 (reduction 5.75 5.75 rate) - Herein, CFL means the numbers of living germs, and CFU/mL means the number of living germs population. The above test result shows that the contact with the sterilized normal saline only for 30 seconds makes 99.9998% of the germs named of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA killed.
- Also, the sterilized normal saline of 50 ml having 0.80% salt concentration is manufactured by electrolysis for 20 seconds and thus having 3 ppm to 4 ppm concentrated free chlorines has been applied to the following germs for Time Kill Test. The test result is as follows.
-
Initial Count Result Log10 Organism (CFU/mL) IC Log10 Time Point Rep. (CFU/mL) Reduction % Reduction A 1.00E+07 7.00 30 sec. 1 3.00E+04 2.52 99.700000 % Aspergillus fumigatus 2 3.00E+04 2.52 99.700000% B 9.10E+07 7.98 30 sec. 1 3.00E+04 3.48 99.967033% Rhizopus oryzae 2 3.00E+04 3.48 99.967033% C 7.80E+05 5.89 30 sec. 1 5.60E+03 2.14 99.282051% Haemophilus influense 2 4.50E+03 2.24 99.423077% D 8.60E+05 5.93 30 sec. 1 4.30E+03 2.30 99.500000 % Strptococcus pneumoniae 2 5.10E+03 2.23 99.406977% E 9.80E+05 5.99 30 sec. 1 5.20E+03 2.28 99.469388 % Strptococcus pyogenes 2 5.70E+03 2.24 99.418367% F 1.60E+06 6.20 30 sec. 1 7.20E+04 1.35 95.500000% Candida albicans 2 6.30E+04 1.40 96.062500% G 7.40E+07 7.87 30 sec. 1 4.00E+01 6.27 99.999946 % Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 1.00E+01 6.87 99.999986% H 5.00E+07 7.70 30 sec. 1 3.00E+04 3.22 99.940000% Staphylococcus aureus MRSA 2 3.00E+04 3.22 99.940000% - The A, B, C items of the listed germs indicate the fungus-kind germs, and the C, D, E, F, H items thereof indicate the bacteria-kind germs. The above test result shows that contact of the germs for 30 seconds with the sterilized normal saline of the present invention realizes the 95.5% to 99.9% killing effect.
- The medical sterilized normal saline of the present invention can be supplied to cure an allergy, rhinitis by transforming protein that is cause of allergy and can be sprayed to a throat for sterilizing inside of mouth and throat directly after being manufactured. Also, the sterilized normal saline can cure athletes' foot, an inflammation and a wounded area by spraying right after being manufactured. Further, the sterilized normal solution may be used to sterilize scurfy germs of hair, and may be used to kill germs or microbes in the shoes. Moreover, the sterilized normal saline may be applied to womb or vagina for curing contamination of HPV (human papillomavirus), teeth and germs, and mouth for gargling.
- More concretely, the contact
lens cleaning module 420 shown inFIGS. 17 and 18 may be used to fix to theentrance 110 a of thecontainer 110 for cleaning contact lens. That is, thecontact lens module 420 includes aplug 421 for being fixed to theentrance 110 a, an extendingmember 422 extended from theplug 421, alens accommodating chamber 423 located at the extendingmember 422 so that lenses accommodated in thechamber 423 may be positioned in the sterilized normal saline. Herein, the wall of thelens accommodating chamber 423 is formed of wire so that the sterilized normal saline can enter thechamber 423 and sterilize the each of lenses in thechamber 423. Therefore, the oxidants including the free chlorines generated by the electrolysis sterilize or kill the germs, bacteria on the contact lenses while the hydrogen peroxide removes the protein on the surface of the contact lens. - On the other hand, the supplying
module 500 shown inFIGS. 19 and 20 can be used for supplying sterilized normal saline into deep place by fixing theinlet 110 a of thecontainer 110. Herein, the supplyingmodule 500 comprises a plug to be fixed to theentrance 110 a so as to intercept the air flow, anair tube 510 extended from the plug to over the surface of the normal saline when thecontainer 110 is reversed, afluid tube 520 extended from the lid to outside so as to make the sterilized normal saline flow out. When the supplying module is fixed to theinlet 110 a and theapparatus 100 is reversed, although any driving means to exhaust or spray the normal saline does not included, in condition that the head of a user is located below feet, air is induced into thecontainer 110 through theair tube 510, and thus, the sterilized normal saline is capable of coming from the container into the inside of nose or lung through thefluid tube 520. In order to prevent thefluid tube 520 from damaging the organs of human body, protectsocket 521 having rounded shape is attached at the end of thefluid tube 520. Also, so as to prompt the exhausting of the sterilized normal saline from the container, air balloon is attached at the end of theair tube 510. - From this construction with a
long tube 520, the medical sterilized normal saline can be supplied to a deep womb, a deep throat or a deep lung easily. Also, at the end of thetube 520, a mirror or lens may be attached so that a operator easily check whether the normal saline is being properly supplied. - Further, a holder shaped of a reversed cup may be attached at the end of the
fluid tube 520 of the supplyingmodule 500, and thus, it is possible to continuously supply the oxidants in the sterilized normal solution on skin for the time being such as 30 seconds to even 2 minutes. Herein, in order to make contact the newly generated oxidants with a user's skin, with constantly inducing electrolysis by continuously supplying low current to the electrode set 140, it is also possible to continuously supplying fresh oxidants into the holder from thecontainer 110 by letting the sterilized normal saline leak via a small hole. Also, a sealing rubber packing is formed on the circumstances of the holder so as to prevent the sterilized normal saline from being leaked between the user's skin and inside of the holder. - On the other hand, when user wishes to supply the sterilized normal saline to the womb or vagina, it is desirable to use womb supplying module including a supply socket at the end of the supply tube wherein the supply socket has holes in the radial direction which allows sterilized normal saline to be evenly supplied into the womb. Although not shown in the figures, at least one spherical mirror is attached at the supply socket, and thus, the user can insert the supplying module for herself likewise the principle of endoscopy.
- As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, unless otherwise specified, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the metes and bounds of the claims, or equivalence of such metes and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. An apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline comprising:
at least one electrode unit having at least one negative electrode submerged in the saline solution, and at least one positive electrode facing the negative electrode at an interval;
a DC supply unit of supplying DC current to the electrode unit; and
a current compensating means of compensating difference of DC current supplied to the electrode unit.
2. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the current compensating means includes two pairs of transistors TR1, TR2, TR3, TR4 as a switch element being connected in parallel with each other, the electrodes being placed between points which are located between the each pair of the transistors,
wherein the transistors TR1, TR4 diagonally facing each other with respect to the points are controlled to be changed together to ON/OFF, and the other transistors TR2, TR3 diagonally facing each other with respect to the points are controlled to be changed together to OFF/ON which is reverse from the transistor TR1, TR4, and
wherein the pulse width of the base current of the transistors is controlled to be changed in accordance with the DC applied to the electrodes thereby constantly maintaining DC current between the electrodes.
3. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrode unit includes a pair of negative electrode and positive electrode, the pair of electrodes having a plurality of domains separated from one another on the facing surface of each electrode.
4. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 3 , wherein the area of the plurality of domains of each of the electrodes covers 4% to 25% of the total area of the facing surface of each electrode.
5. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 3 , wherein the electrode unit comprises:
a plate-shaped positive electrode having a plurality of positive rods divided by a plurality of positive slots in one direction which are parallel with one another; and
a plate-shaped negative electrode having a plurality of negative rods divided by a plurality of negative slots in one direction which are parallel with one another,
wherein the plurality of domains are formed by the area overlapped in the perpendicular direction to the surface of the electrodes when the positive electrode and the negative electrode are disposed in parallel so that the positive rods are not disposed to be parallel with the negative rods.
6. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 5 , wherein the positive rods and the negative rods are disposed at right angle to each other.
7. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 5 , wherein the width of the positive rods is narrower than the width of the positive rods, and the width of the negative rods is narrower than the width of the negative slots.
8. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 3 , wherein the electrode unit comprises:
a plurality of positive projections formed protrudedly on the positive electrodes; and
a plurality of negative projections formed protrudedly on the facing surface of the negative electrodes;
wherein the plurality of domains are formed by an area of the end surface of the positive projections and the negative projections facing each other.
9. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the DC supply unit includes a battery.
10. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is portable.
11. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saline solution is normal saline.
12. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saline solution is made by mixing water and salt;
13. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saline solution is subacid to neutral pH level.
14. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 1 , wherein the direction of the DC is reversed at least one time during the electrolysis.
15. The apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline claimed in claim 12 , wherein the direction of the DC is reversed every one second to every 20 seconds.
Priority Applications (1)
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US13/945,173 US20130299340A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2013-07-18 | Apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline solution |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020070018791A KR100849618B1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2007-02-26 | Mobile apparatus for manufacturing sterilized odorless isotonic solution having lowly controlled residual chlorine content therein |
KRKR10-2007-0018791 | 2007-02-26 | ||
KR1020070084223A KR100945188B1 (en) | 2007-08-21 | 2007-08-21 | Manufacturing method of medical sterilized isotonic solution having low-concentratedly controlled free chlorine including hypochlorous acid therein |
KRKR10-2007-0084223 | 2007-08-21 | ||
PCT/KR2008/001096 WO2008105613A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Manufacturing method of medical sterilized isotonic solution having low-concentratedly controlled free chlorine including hypochlorous acid therein |
US44959609A | 2009-08-14 | 2009-08-14 | |
US13/945,173 US20130299340A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2013-07-18 | Apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline solution |
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PCT/KR2008/001096 Division WO2008105613A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Manufacturing method of medical sterilized isotonic solution having low-concentratedly controlled free chlorine including hypochlorous acid therein |
US44959609A Division | 2007-02-26 | 2009-08-14 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/449,596 Active 2030-08-13 US8518233B2 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Manufacturing method of medical sterilized isotonic solution having low-concentratedly controlled free chlorine including hypochlorous acid therein |
US13/945,173 Abandoned US20130299340A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2013-07-18 | Apparatus for manufacturing sterilized saline solution |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/449,596 Active 2030-08-13 US8518233B2 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-02-26 | Manufacturing method of medical sterilized isotonic solution having low-concentratedly controlled free chlorine including hypochlorous acid therein |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8518233B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2126158A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010530794A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2679276C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008105613A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150157754A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-11 | Gojo Industries, Inc. | Dispensers for, and methods of, disinfecting hands |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRPI0610374A2 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2012-10-23 | Dolki Korea Ltd | apparatus for producing sterile water and portable apparatus for producing sterile saline |
KR100927445B1 (en) * | 2009-03-04 | 2009-11-19 | 조금일 | Unit for creating sterilized water, cartridge therefor and disinfection washing machine with the same |
KR20140034101A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-19 | 한국돌기 주식회사 | Contact lens cleaner which effectively sterilizing acanthamoeba castellanii |
US9222182B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2015-12-29 | Simple Science Limited | Electrochemical activation device |
JP6487217B2 (en) | 2014-02-06 | 2019-03-20 | 有限会社ターナープロセス | Method and apparatus for controlling free chlorine concentration, and sterilization method and sterilization apparatus using them |
WO2018109169A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Adept Water Technologies A/S | Device for producing aqueous liquid having free available chlorine (fac) |
WO2021108024A1 (en) | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | Deka Products Limited Partnership | System for producing and packaging fluid, sealing member dispenser, reservoir feeding apparatus, bag sealing apparatus, reservoir filling set, method for filling a reservoir or a bag, filling and sampling nozzle |
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US6117285A (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 2000-09-12 | Medical Discoveries, Inc. | System for carrying out sterilization of equipment |
US7452449B2 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 2008-11-18 | Lectro Press, Inc. | Apparatus for electrolysis of water |
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DE3430605A1 (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-02-27 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING, DISINFECTING AND STERILIZING MEDICAL, IN PARTICULAR DENTAL, INSTRUMENTS |
JP3183481B2 (en) | 1993-02-18 | 2001-07-09 | ホシザキ電機株式会社 | Method and apparatus for producing sterilizing treatment liquid |
WO1997039165A1 (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1997-10-23 | Medical Discoveries, Inc. | System and method for carrying out sterilization |
JP2000093691A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2000-04-04 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Washing machine with sterilizing function by electric field |
JP2000226680A (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2000-08-15 | Asahi Pretec Corp | Production of sterilizing electrolytic water and device therefor |
KR100325677B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2002-03-06 | 박찬의 | sterilized water creation equipment |
CA2315355C (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2011-12-20 | Sterilox Medical (Europe) Limited | Electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution |
JP2001276826A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-09 | Terumo Corp | Production device of electrolyzed water |
JP2004148108A (en) | 2002-10-11 | 2004-05-27 | Kao Corp | Hypochlorous acid generating sprayer |
JP2004290937A (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2004-10-21 | Aqua Medical:Kk | Portable electrolysis generator |
US8142624B2 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2012-03-27 | Chil-Young Kim | Portable contact lens cleansing apparatus and cleaning method of contact lens |
BRPI0610374A2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2012-10-23 | Dolki Korea Ltd | apparatus for producing sterile water and portable apparatus for producing sterile saline |
KR100789325B1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-28 | 한국돌기 주식회사 | Manufacturing apparatus of sterilized water with high portion of hypochlorous acid |
-
2008
- 2008-02-26 JP JP2009550808A patent/JP2010530794A/en active Pending
- 2008-02-26 CA CA2679276A patent/CA2679276C/en active Active
- 2008-02-26 EP EP20080723134 patent/EP2126158A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-02-26 WO PCT/KR2008/001096 patent/WO2008105613A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-02-26 US US12/449,596 patent/US8518233B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-07-18 US US13/945,173 patent/US20130299340A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7452449B2 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 2008-11-18 | Lectro Press, Inc. | Apparatus for electrolysis of water |
US6117285A (en) * | 1994-08-26 | 2000-09-12 | Medical Discoveries, Inc. | System for carrying out sterilization of equipment |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150157754A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-11 | Gojo Industries, Inc. | Dispensers for, and methods of, disinfecting hands |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090317491A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
WO2008105613A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
EP2126158A4 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
CA2679276A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
US8518233B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
JP2010530794A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
CA2679276C (en) | 2013-08-13 |
EP2126158A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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Legal Events
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