US20130268608A1 - Information distribution and processing system - Google Patents
Information distribution and processing system Download PDFInfo
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- US20130268608A1 US20130268608A1 US13/908,828 US201313908828A US2013268608A1 US 20130268608 A1 US20130268608 A1 US 20130268608A1 US 201313908828 A US201313908828 A US 201313908828A US 2013268608 A1 US2013268608 A1 US 2013268608A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/07—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail characterised by the inclusion of specific contents
- H04L51/10—Multimedia information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/26—Arrangements for switching distribution systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/40—Arrangements for broadcast specially adapted for accumulation-type receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
- H04H40/09—Arrangements for receiving desired information automatically according to timetables
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
- H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
- H04H40/27—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95
- H04H40/90—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95 specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/75—Indicating network or usage conditions on the user display
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/30—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the use of a return channel, e.g. for collecting users' opinions, for returning broadcast space/time information or for requesting data
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
- H04H2201/30—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the use of a return channel, e.g. for collecting users' opinions, for returning broadcast space/time information or for requesting data
- H04H2201/37—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the use of a return channel, e.g. for collecting users' opinions, for returning broadcast space/time information or for requesting data via a different channel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
- H04H60/09—Arrangements for device control with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Arrangements for control of broadcast-related services
- H04H60/14—Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services
- H04H60/23—Arrangements for conditional access to broadcast information or to broadcast-related services using cryptography, e.g. encryption, authentication, key distribution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
- H04H60/25—Arrangements for updating broadcast information or broadcast-related information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/14—Multichannel or multilink protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to information distribution and processing, and more particularly to distributing information using a broadcast channel and a bi-directional communication channel.
- On-line delivery of newspaper has many advantages. For example, the information can be updated throughout the day while the printed version is printed only once or twice a day. Further, it is possible to do text-based searches on the information. However, it is found that on-line deliver of newspaper and other information is slow. For example, a subscriber has to wait many seconds for a newspaper article to be delivered. The quality of the electronic newspaper is low. For example, in order to reduce storage and communication requirements, graphic images appeared in the printed version are not universally supplied in the on-line version of newspaper. One of the reasons for such poor performance is the limited bandwidth of communication channels used by on-line information distributors. Another reason is that information is centrally processed by the computer at the site of the information distributor, with the result that each subscriber only gets a small slice of the time of the computer.
- the Internet is a wide-area hypermedia information delivery and retrieval system aimed to give universal access to a large universe of documents.
- the Web was first developed around 1989, it was known to and used by the academic/research community only as a means for fast disseminating of information. There was no easily available tool which allows a technically untrained person to access the Web.
- An important development is the release of a Web “browser” around 1993. It has a simple but powerful graphic interface. The browser allows a user to retrieve web documents and navigate the Web using simple commands and popular tools such as point-and-click. Because the user does not have to be technically trained and the browser is easy to use, it has the potential of opening up the Internet to the masses.
- a document designed to be accessed and read over the web is called a web page.
- Each web page must have an address in a recognized format—the URL, or Uniform Resource Locator—that enables computers all over the world to access it.
- Each web page has an unique URL.
- a web page typically contains both text and images. It is also possible to include audio and movie data.
- the Web faces the same problem as the regular on-line delivery of information. This is because most people use the above described modem to access the Internet. Thus, the data transfer rate of the Web is also limited. Because multimedia data (comprising a combination of text, graphic, video and/or audio) has a large data size, even when compressed, it could take a long time to retrieve a document from the Web. Further, it is difficult to prevent unauthorized persons from access a web page because more than 20 million people in the world has access to the Internet.
- the present invention uses two channels to deliver digital information: a broadcast channel and a bi-directional channel.
- the broadcast channel is used to deliver the bulb of the digital information to subscribers.
- the amount of information delivered is preferably sufficient to satisfy the needs of a large number of subscribers so that they do not have to obtain additional information using the bi-directional channel.
- the broadcast information is stored on fast storage media located at subscriber sites. As a result, search and retrieval of the broadcast information is quick. Further, the broadcast information is processed locally using a dedicated on-site processor instead of relying on the computers of the information distributors. As a result, the load on the computers of the information distributors is reduced. If the subscribers desire to receive additional information relating to the broadcast information, the bi-directional communication channel is used to transmit the request and the requested information.
- the distribution costs of broadcast channels are typically much lower than that of a bi-directional communication channel. Consequently, the major portion of information is delivered using low cost distribution channels. For a large number of subscribers, the broadcast information will provide all the information they normally need. Thus, expensive bi-directional communication channels are used only occasionally.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing showing an embodiment of an information distribution system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A shows a newspaper article as displayed on a monitor of the information distribution system shown in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2B shows the contents of the broadcast information which corresponds to the newspaper article of FIG. 2A .
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the information distribution system of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention used in a data communication network.
- the present invention comprises a novel information distribution and processing system and related methods.
- the following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
- the present invention can be used to solve the above described problem of digital information delivery. It uses two channels to deliver digital information: a broadcast channel and a bidirectional channel.
- the broadcast channel is used to deliver the bulb of the digital information from a source to subscribers.
- the time for broadcasting is preferably during a time of low communication load (e.g., off-peak hours).
- the broadcast information is stored on storage media located at subscriber sites. If the subscribers desire to receive additional information relating to the broadcast information, the bi-directional communication channel is used to transmit the request and the requested information.
- the data transfer rate of the storage media could be hundreds of times faster than that of a modem.
- search and retrieval of the broadcast information is quick.
- the broadcast information is processed locally using a dedicated on-site processor instead of relying on the computers of the information distributors.
- the load on the computers of the information distributors is reduced.
- the requested information is delivered using a regular low bandwidth communication channel, the performance of the system would not be severely affected because the requested information is only a small fraction of the broadcast information.
- the broadcast information can be sent in the clear while the requested information (which may contain commercially valuable information) is encrypted. Because the amount of requested information is a small fraction of the broadcast information, there is no need to use much computer resource to process the requested (and encrypted) information.
- the broadcast information is encrypted using a simple algorithm while the requested information is encrypted using a complex algorithm. Even though extra computer resource is used to decrypt the broadcast information, this embodiment may be useful for the case where it is not desirable for the public to view the broadcast information.
- channel is not limited to a specific kind of physical communication link.
- the word “channel” merely means a path for communicating information.
- the term “broadcast channel” means a path allowing an information source to deliver digital information to many recipients almost simultaneously.
- the term “bi-directional channel” means a path allowing one-to-one interactive communication between a source and a recipient.
- These two “channels” could use the same physical communication link (e.g., telephone lines, television cable lines, wireless, optical links, etc.) to perform their respective functions. That is, the same physical communication link can support both broadcast and bi-directional channels.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an information distribution system 250 in accordance with the present invention.
- system 250 is designed to electronically distribute digital newspaper. It should be pointed out that system 250 can also be used advantageously to distribute other types of digital information.
- System 250 contains a plurality of subscriber units (such as units 252 and 254 ) each connected to a bi-directional communication channel (e.g., modems 256 and 258 coupled to units 252 and 254 , respectively) and a satellite transponder 260 for broadcasting digital data to these subscriber units.
- Modems 256 and 258 may be coupled to a database 259 via line-based or wireless telephone communications.
- satellite transponder 260 is used to broadcast the content of a newspaper to the subscriber units while telephone modems 256 and 258 allow delivering additional information (stored in database 259 ) to subscriber units 252 and 254 , respectively, on a demand basis.
- Unit 252 contains an antenna 266 for receiving broadcast signals from satellite transponder 260 , a signal/data processor 266 for performing signal and data processing functions, a monitor 270 for displaying the digital newspaper, and an input device 272 (such as a keyboard and/or a mouse).
- antenna 266 for receiving broadcast signals from satellite transponder 260
- signal/data processor 266 for performing signal and data processing functions
- monitor 270 for displaying the digital newspaper
- input device 272 such as a keyboard and/or a mouse
- Signal/data processor 268 contains a transponder interface 282 for processing transponder signal received from antenna 266 .
- Transponder interface 282 preferably contains a low noise receiver for receiving high frequency (e.g., C or Ku band) transponder signal and a universal data interface for converting the transponder signal to digital data.
- the retrieved data is stored in nonvolatile storage 284 , such as a hard disk or solid state flash memory.
- satellite transponder 260 broadcasts the newspaper data at predetermined times.
- a real-time clock 286 is preferably used to turn on interface 282 at the predetermined times.
- Processor 268 contains a microcomputer 290 which coordinates the operation of clock 288 , nonvolatile storage 284 , and interface 282 .
- Microcomputer 290 preferably contains a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM) and peripheral interface devices.
- Processor 268 also contains a communication interface 292 for sending and receiving digital data from database 259 through modem 256 .
- the time for broadcast is preferably chosen when communication load of transponder 260 is at a low level (e.g., around mid-night). As a result, the cost of information delivery is low.
- the time of broadcasting is chosen by transponder 260 because it knows when communication load is light. In this case, transponder 260 first sends a signal to signal/data processor 268 for alerting processor 268 to receive and process the newspaper information.
- a user can use the input device 272 and monitor 270 to read the content of the digital newspaper stored in nonvolatile storage 284 .
- the complete content of the newspaper is stored in nonvolatile storage 284 .
- the term “complete content” means that the user is able to read the newspaper without relying on information stored in database 259 (although other embodiments may deliver less than the complete content).
- system 250 functions in a similar way as the distribution of a conventional printed newspaper.
- the digital data of the digital newspaper delivered by satellite transponder 260 preferably contains linkage references (such as pointers) which allow fast retrieval of additional information from database 259 .
- signal/data processor 268 will not activate modem 256 . However, if the user wishes to receive additional information relating to an item mentioned in the digital newspaper (e.g., by selecting the item using the input device), processor 268 will retrieve the information stored in database 259 using the embedded linkage reference.
- system 250 of the present invention the received digital newspaper (including graphics and other multimedia contents) is stored in nonvolatile storage 284 , which has fast access time. Further, a dedicated processor (i.e., microcomputer 290 ) is used to process newspaper information.
- a dedicated processor i.e., microcomputer 290
- prior art on-line newspaper distribution systems rely on modem to deliver the content of the newspaper stored in a central site. Further, the processor in the central site has to serve many users in delivering the newspaper. As a result, system 250 has superior performance compared to prior art on-line newspaper delivery systems.
- commercially valuable information is encrypted and stored in database 259 .
- the broadcast information does not contain this information. Thus, in this embodiment less than the complete content is delivered by the broadcast channel. In this case, the broadcast information would not be useful unless a decryption key is available to decrypt the information obtained from database 259 . As a result, only subscribers who have a decryption key are able to obtain meaningful information from the newspaper.
- microcomputer 290 also performs decryption functions.
- a separate decryptor 294 can be included in signal/data processor 268 .
- the data transmitted by transponder 260 could also be encrypted.
- simple encryption algorithm could be used to encrypt the broadcast information while complex encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the valuable information in database 259 .
- a potential hacker would not be motivated to decrypt (and make public) the broadcast information unless he/she can also decrypt the valuable information.
- FIG. 2A shows an example of a portion of a newspaper article as seen on monitor 270 .
- the terms which a user may obtain additional information are underlined (or highlighted in other ways, such as setting in different colors, depending on the choice of the publisher). If desired, the user may select these terms using an input device (e.g., a pointing device, such as a mouse), and signal/data processor 268 will obtain the additional information from database 259 .
- an input device e.g., a pointing device, such as a mouse
- FIG. 2B shows the same portion in FIG. 2A as transmitted by transponder 260 (for simplicity, other embedded formatting codes, such as center, bold, etc., are not shown).
- Each of the terms underlined in FIG. 2A are enclosed by a special symbol (e.g., the “ ” symbol) and followed by a linkage reference enclosed by another special symbol (e.g., the “ ” symbol). These symbols are invisible to the users and is recognizable only by microcomputer 290 .
- the linkage information could be as simple as a pointer.
- microcomputer 290 extracts the linkage reference and transmits it to database 259 .
- the linkage reference allows database 259 to retrieve the necessary information quickly without doing extensive searches. As a result, the response time of system 250 is fast.
- the retrieved information can itself contains linkage references and can be searched.
- database 259 If the speed of searching and retrieving data by database 259 is fast, it may not be necessary to include linkage reference in the broadcast information transmitted by transponder 260 . In this case, the user selects (e.g., using an input device such as a mouse) words and terms he/she is interested in. Signal/data processor 268 transmits the selected items to database 259 , which searches for matches in its database. Matched information is sent to subscriber unit 252 for processing.
- an input device such as a mouse
- the bi-directional channel also allows updating of the broadcast information. There is typically a time difference between the broadcast and display of information. New information gathered during this time difference can be stored in database 259 and later transmitted to signal/data processor
- satellite transponder 260 is used as the vehicle to electronically broadcast newspaper.
- other broadcast distribution methods can be used.
- One method is to use the Internet to broadcast the information.
- the broadcast distribution channels do not have to be electrical.
- the present invention allows the distribution of CDROMs encoded with digital information to the subscriber sites.
- electrical broadcast communication channels both wired and wireless can be used.
- unidirectional channels are used for broadcast because of their low cost; however, the present invention does not preclude the use of bi-directional communication channels (such as telephone lines) as means for distributing broadcast (i.e., one many) information.
- antenna 266 Current technology allows the size of antenna 266 to be as small as 2 feet.
- the costs of antenna 266 and transponder interface 282 is already low enough to be within the reach of small business or a typical household.
- the newspaper publisher has to pay for the use of the transponder.
- the costs is comparable to the printing and distribution costs of printed newspaper. It is anticipated that the costs of the newspaper distribution system in accordance with the present invention will be lowered as the number of subscribers increases.
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a newspaper distribution system 200 of the present invention.
- System 200 contains a satellite transponder 210 , an earth station 214 , and a plurality of subscriber units, such as units 222 and 224 .
- Transponder 210 functions in a similar way as transponder 260 of FIG. 1 and subscriber units 222 and 224 function in a similar way as subscriber units 252 and 254 of FIG. 1 .
- Earth station 214 receives digital data transmitted by transponder 210 using an antenna 216 . The data is distributed to subscriber units 222 and 224 via wired communication channel 228 , such as cable and optic fiber.
- earth stations could be placed in strategic locations throughout the country to serve their respective subscribers in a similar manner as earth station 214 and subscriber units 222 and 224 .
- a large geographic area can be served simultaneously by satellite transponder 210 .
- the advantage of this embodiment is that the equipment costs incurred by the subscriber units are low.
- FIG. 3 shows an earth station 234 which receives transponder signal from transponder 210 using an antenna 236 .
- Earth station 234 in turn broadcasts the digital data to its subscribers, such as subscriber units 242 and 244 .
- FIG. 3 shows a plurality of modems that are connected to subscriber units 222 , 224 , 242 and 244 . These modems are connected to a database 246 . These parts of FIG. 3 is similar to the corresponding part of FIG. 1 . It should be noted that wired communication channel 228 may also be used as a bi-directional communication channel for accessing database 246 .
- teletext technology is used to link earth station 234 and subscriber units 242 and 244 .
- earth station 234 could be located adjacent to a television transmission station.
- the digital data received by earth station 234 can be integrated to the vertical blanking interval of a TV signal, which is broadcasted using an antenna 238 .
- Subscriber units 242 and 244 receive the signal using antennas 239 , and 240 , respectively.
- the digital data is then retrieved.
- Various improvements and refinements of the teletext technology are well known and can be incorporated into system
- systems 250 and 200 are not limited to the distribution of newspaper. Further, digital newspapers of the future may contains contents which are not available in the printed version, such as multimedia compositions. Other information, such as magazines, graphic images, electronic mails, computer games, multimedia work, or interactive movie, could also be advantageously distribution using a system similar to systems 250 and 200 . For example, if it is desirable to distribute interactive movie, the non-interactive portion can be broadcast while the interactive portion is delivered using a bi-directional channel.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a network system 500 of the present invention.
- System 500 contains a data communication network 502 , which could be a local area network or a wide area network.
- System 500 also contains a plurality of client computers (such as computers 506 - 508 ) and a plurality of server computers (such as servers 516 and 518 ). These computers are connected to network 502 using a plurality of network access devices 510 - 514 (such as modems for connecting the client computers to dial-up lines and channel service units for connecting the server computers to T1 lines or lines of higher data rates).
- the digital newspaper data and the database is stored in the servers.
- the digital newspaper data will be broadcasted by a server to the client computers either at a predetermined time or upon request.
- the client Upon receiving the broadcast data, the client stores the data in its nonvolatile memory (such as its hard disk).
- the structure of the client computers could be similar to subscriber unit 252 of FIG. 1 , except that the antenna (such as antenna 266 ) may correspond to the connection from the client computers to network 502 and interface 282 may correspond to the network access device.
- client computer 510 may contain a signal/data processor 521 , a monitor 522 , an input device 523 and an antenna 524 .
- the client computers can communicate with the database server (which corresponds to database 259 of FIG. 1 ). It should be noted that both the database and the digital newspaper data could be located on the same server. Further, the digital newspaper data and the database information could be distributed among many servers.
- the bi-directional channel is a separate physical communication link (i.e., telephone 256 , which is different from a satellite link).
- network 502 it is possible to use network 502 as both the broadcast channel and the bi-directional channel. This is an example that the same physical link supports both broadcast and bi-directional channels. Thus, these channels are defined by their functionality instead of by their physical characteristics.
- information can be broadcasted by sending the same information to a plurality of electronic mail or URL addresses. Alternatively, information can be sent using a multicasting protocol.
- the client computers contain a browser which could read the broadcast digital information.
- the database server contains a plurality of files containing information related to the broadcast information.
- the broadcast information is a hypertext markup language (“HTML”) document contains links (e.g., in the form of HTML “tags” containing URL addresses of these related files in the database server).
- HTML hypertext markup language
- tags are typically rendered as highlighted text or images by the browser.
- a user Upon seeing the indication of links, a user can click on these indications, and the client computers can accesses information in selected files by sending requests to these URL addresses.
- the server can then deliver the requested information to the subscribers using standard Web protocol.
- these files may be encrypted, and only authorized users can read the content of these files.
- Some networks systems support distributive processing. These networks allows “applets” to be distributed from one computer (client and sever) to another computer for execution.
- An example of such a system is the Java and HotJava environment on the Web.
- the present invention can be applied to these network systems. Only some of the applets (preferably the most important ones) need to be encrypted while most of the applets can be sent in the clear (or slightly encrypted).
- the encryption can be performed at the time information in the database is delivered to the subscribers. Different encryption keys could be used. Methods of delivering the decryption keys to the subscribers via insecure communication channels have been described above, and will not be repeated here.
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/161,436, filed Jun. 15, 2011 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,457,545); which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/073,124, filed Feb. 9, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,349,409); which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/812,003, filed Mar. 19, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,349,409); which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/434,413, filed Nov. 4, 1999 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,785); which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/939,368, filed Sep. 29, 1997 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,021,307); which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 08/644,838, filed May 10, 1996 (now abandoned); which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 08/279,424, filed Jul. 25, 1994 (now abandoned), and application Ser. No. 08/255,649, filed Jun. 8, 1994 (now abandoned); which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 08/224,280, filed Apr. 4, 1994 (now abandoned); all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- This invention relates generally to information distribution and processing, and more particularly to distributing information using a broadcast channel and a bi-directional communication channel.
- Recent advances in modern and computer technology allow large amount of digital data to be transmitted electronically. A number of information providers (such as newspaper and magazine publishers) and on-line information distributors (such as America Online, Dialog and Nexis) have formed partnerships to deliver newspaper and other information on-line. In this system, a subscriber uses a computer and a modem to connect (e.g., through a regular phone line) to the computer of an on-line information distributor. The subscriber can retrieve information, including newspaper articles, stored in the computer of the information distributor.
- On-line delivery of newspaper has many advantages. For example, the information can be updated throughout the day while the printed version is printed only once or twice a day. Further, it is possible to do text-based searches on the information. However, it is found that on-line deliver of newspaper and other information is slow. For example, a subscriber has to wait many seconds for a newspaper article to be delivered. The quality of the electronic newspaper is low. For example, in order to reduce storage and communication requirements, graphic images appeared in the printed version are not universally supplied in the on-line version of newspaper. One of the reasons for such poor performance is the limited bandwidth of communication channels used by on-line information distributors. Another reason is that information is centrally processed by the computer at the site of the information distributor, with the result that each subscriber only gets a small slice of the time of the computer.
- Another way to communication information on-line is through the Internet, which is a worldwide interconnection of millions of computers, from low end personal computers to high-end mainframes. An important development in the Internet is the World Wide Web (the “Web”). The Web is a wide-area hypermedia information delivery and retrieval system aimed to give universal access to a large universe of documents. When the Web was first developed around 1989, it was known to and used by the academic/research community only as a means for fast disseminating of information. There was no easily available tool which allows a technically untrained person to access the Web. An important development is the release of a Web “browser” around 1993. It has a simple but powerful graphic interface. The browser allows a user to retrieve web documents and navigate the Web using simple commands and popular tools such as point-and-click. Because the user does not have to be technically trained and the browser is easy to use, it has the potential of opening up the Internet to the masses.
- A document designed to be accessed and read over the web is called a web page. Each web page must have an address in a recognized format—the URL, or Uniform Resource Locator—that enables computers all over the world to access it. Each web page has an unique URL. A web page typically contains both text and images. It is also possible to include audio and movie data.
- The Web faces the same problem as the regular on-line delivery of information. This is because most people use the above described modem to access the Internet. Thus, the data transfer rate of the Web is also limited. Because multimedia data (comprising a combination of text, graphic, video and/or audio) has a large data size, even when compressed, it could take a long time to retrieve a document from the Web. Further, it is difficult to prevent unauthorized persons from access a web page because more than 20 million people in the world has access to the Internet.
- Consequently, there is a need to have an improved system for distributing information electronically.
- The present invention uses two channels to deliver digital information: a broadcast channel and a bi-directional channel. The broadcast channel is used to deliver the bulb of the digital information to subscribers. The amount of information delivered is preferably sufficient to satisfy the needs of a large number of subscribers so that they do not have to obtain additional information using the bi-directional channel. The broadcast information is stored on fast storage media located at subscriber sites. As a result, search and retrieval of the broadcast information is quick. Further, the broadcast information is processed locally using a dedicated on-site processor instead of relying on the computers of the information distributors. As a result, the load on the computers of the information distributors is reduced. If the subscribers desire to receive additional information relating to the broadcast information, the bi-directional communication channel is used to transmit the request and the requested information.
- The distribution costs of broadcast channels are typically much lower than that of a bi-directional communication channel. Consequently, the major portion of information is delivered using low cost distribution channels. For a large number of subscribers, the broadcast information will provide all the information they normally need. Thus, expensive bi-directional communication channels are used only occasionally.
- These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be fully understood by referring to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing showing an embodiment of an information distribution system of the present invention. -
FIG. 2A shows a newspaper article as displayed on a monitor of the information distribution system shown inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 2B shows the contents of the broadcast information which corresponds to the newspaper article ofFIG. 2A . -
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the information distribution system of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention used in a data communication network. - The present invention comprises a novel information distribution and processing system and related methods. The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
- The present invention can be used to solve the above described problem of digital information delivery. It uses two channels to deliver digital information: a broadcast channel and a bidirectional channel. The broadcast channel is used to deliver the bulb of the digital information from a source to subscribers. The time for broadcasting is preferably during a time of low communication load (e.g., off-peak hours). Upon receiving, the broadcast information is stored on storage media located at subscriber sites. If the subscribers desire to receive additional information relating to the broadcast information, the bi-directional communication channel is used to transmit the request and the requested information.
- The data transfer rate of the storage media (more than a million bytes per second) could be hundreds of times faster than that of a modem. As a result, search and retrieval of the broadcast information is quick. Further, the broadcast information is processed locally using a dedicated on-site processor instead of relying on the computers of the information distributors. As a result, the load on the computers of the information distributors is reduced. Even though the requested information is delivered using a regular low bandwidth communication channel, the performance of the system would not be severely affected because the requested information is only a small fraction of the broadcast information.
- In one embodiment of the present invention, the broadcast information can be sent in the clear while the requested information (which may contain commercially valuable information) is encrypted. Because the amount of requested information is a small fraction of the broadcast information, there is no need to use much computer resource to process the requested (and encrypted) information. In a different embodiment of the invention, the broadcast information is encrypted using a simple algorithm while the requested information is encrypted using a complex algorithm. Even though extra computer resource is used to decrypt the broadcast information, this embodiment may be useful for the case where it is not desirable for the public to view the broadcast information.
- It should be noted that the word “channel” is not limited to a specific kind of physical communication link. The word “channel” merely means a path for communicating information. The term “broadcast channel” means a path allowing an information source to deliver digital information to many recipients almost simultaneously. The term “bi-directional channel” means a path allowing one-to-one interactive communication between a source and a recipient. These two “channels” could use the same physical communication link (e.g., telephone lines, television cable lines, wireless, optical links, etc.) to perform their respective functions. That is, the same physical communication link can support both broadcast and bi-directional channels.
-
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of aninformation distribution system 250 in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment,system 250 is designed to electronically distribute digital newspaper. It should be pointed out thatsystem 250 can also be used advantageously to distribute other types of digital information.System 250 contains a plurality of subscriber units (such asunits 252 and 254) each connected to a bi-directional communication channel (e.g., modems 256 and 258 coupled tounits satellite transponder 260 for broadcasting digital data to these subscriber units.Modems database 259 via line-based or wireless telephone communications. Insystem 250,satellite transponder 260 is used to broadcast the content of a newspaper to the subscriber units whiletelephone modems subscriber units - The structure of these subscriber units are substantially identical; consequently, only one of these units, such as
unit 252, is described in detail.Unit 252 contains anantenna 266 for receiving broadcast signals fromsatellite transponder 260, a signal/data processor 266 for performing signal and data processing functions, amonitor 270 for displaying the digital newspaper, and an input device 272 (such as a keyboard and/or a mouse). - Signal/
data processor 268 contains atransponder interface 282 for processing transponder signal received fromantenna 266.Transponder interface 282 preferably contains a low noise receiver for receiving high frequency (e.g., C or Ku band) transponder signal and a universal data interface for converting the transponder signal to digital data. The retrieved data is stored innonvolatile storage 284, such as a hard disk or solid state flash memory. Preferably,satellite transponder 260 broadcasts the newspaper data at predetermined times. Thus, a real-time clock 286 is preferably used to turn oninterface 282 at the predetermined times.Processor 268 contains amicrocomputer 290 which coordinates the operation of clock 288,nonvolatile storage 284, andinterface 282.Microcomputer 290 preferably contains a central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM) and peripheral interface devices.Processor 268 also contains acommunication interface 292 for sending and receiving digital data fromdatabase 259 throughmodem 256. - The time for broadcast is preferably chosen when communication load of
transponder 260 is at a low level (e.g., around mid-night). As a result, the cost of information delivery is low. Alternatively, the time of broadcasting is chosen bytransponder 260 because it knows when communication load is light. In this case,transponder 260 first sends a signal to signal/data processor 268 for alertingprocessor 268 to receive and process the newspaper information. - A user can use the
input device 272 and monitor 270 to read the content of the digital newspaper stored innonvolatile storage 284. In one embodiment, the complete content of the newspaper is stored innonvolatile storage 284. The term “complete content” means that the user is able to read the newspaper without relying on information stored in database 259 (although other embodiments may deliver less than the complete content). In this aspect,system 250 functions in a similar way as the distribution of a conventional printed newspaper. However, the digital data of the digital newspaper delivered bysatellite transponder 260 preferably contains linkage references (such as pointers) which allow fast retrieval of additional information fromdatabase 259. - If the newspaper information received from
satellite transponder 260 is sufficient to satisfy the needs of a user, signal/data processor 268 will not activatemodem 256. However, if the user wishes to receive additional information relating to an item mentioned in the digital newspaper (e.g., by selecting the item using the input device),processor 268 will retrieve the information stored indatabase 259 using the embedded linkage reference. - In
system 250 of the present invention, the received digital newspaper (including graphics and other multimedia contents) is stored innonvolatile storage 284, which has fast access time. Further, a dedicated processor (i.e., microcomputer 290) is used to process newspaper information. On the other hand, prior art on-line newspaper distribution systems rely on modem to deliver the content of the newspaper stored in a central site. Further, the processor in the central site has to serve many users in delivering the newspaper. As a result,system 250 has superior performance compared to prior art on-line newspaper delivery systems. - In one embodiment of the present invention, commercially valuable information is encrypted and stored in
database 259. The broadcast information does not contain this information. Thus, in this embodiment less than the complete content is delivered by the broadcast channel. In this case, the broadcast information would not be useful unless a decryption key is available to decrypt the information obtained fromdatabase 259. As a result, only subscribers who have a decryption key are able to obtain meaningful information from the newspaper. In the case,microcomputer 290 also performs decryption functions. Alternatively, aseparate decryptor 294 can be included in signal/data processor 268. - It should be appreciated that even though only one database is shown in
FIG. 1 , the valuable information could be distributed to several databases. Further, the digital newspaper anddatabase 259 could be physically located in the same site. - If it is not desirable for the public to read the broadcast information, the data transmitted by
transponder 260 could also be encrypted. In this case, simple encryption algorithm could be used to encrypt the broadcast information while complex encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the valuable information indatabase 259. A potential hacker would not be motivated to decrypt (and make public) the broadcast information unless he/she can also decrypt the valuable information. -
FIG. 2A shows an example of a portion of a newspaper article as seen onmonitor 270. InFIG. 2A , the terms which a user may obtain additional information are underlined (or highlighted in other ways, such as setting in different colors, depending on the choice of the publisher). If desired, the user may select these terms using an input device (e.g., a pointing device, such as a mouse), and signal/data processor 268 will obtain the additional information fromdatabase 259. -
FIG. 2B shows the same portion inFIG. 2A as transmitted by transponder 260 (for simplicity, other embedded formatting codes, such as center, bold, etc., are not shown). Each of the terms underlined inFIG. 2A are enclosed by a special symbol (e.g., the “” symbol) and followed by a linkage reference enclosed by another special symbol (e.g., the “” symbol). These symbols are invisible to the users and is recognizable only bymicrocomputer 290. The linkage information could be as simple as a pointer. - When an underlined term in
FIG. 2A is selected by a user,microcomputer 290 extracts the linkage reference and transmits it todatabase 259. The linkage reference allowsdatabase 259 to retrieve the necessary information quickly without doing extensive searches. As a result, the response time ofsystem 250 is fast. The retrieved information can itself contains linkage references and can be searched. - If the speed of searching and retrieving data by
database 259 is fast, it may not be necessary to include linkage reference in the broadcast information transmitted bytransponder 260. In this case, the user selects (e.g., using an input device such as a mouse) words and terms he/she is interested in. Signal/data processor 268 transmits the selected items todatabase 259, which searches for matches in its database. Matched information is sent tosubscriber unit 252 for processing. - The bi-directional channel also allows updating of the broadcast information. There is typically a time difference between the broadcast and display of information. New information gathered during this time difference can be stored in
database 259 and later transmitted to signal/data processor - In this embodiment of the present invention,
satellite transponder 260 is used as the vehicle to electronically broadcast newspaper. However, other broadcast distribution methods can be used. One method is to use the Internet to broadcast the information. Also note that the broadcast distribution channels do not have to be electrical. For example, the present invention allows the distribution of CDROMs encoded with digital information to the subscriber sites. In the case of electrical broadcast communication channels, both wired and wireless can be used. Preferably, unidirectional channels are used for broadcast because of their low cost; however, the present invention does not preclude the use of bi-directional communication channels (such as telephone lines) as means for distributing broadcast (i.e., one many) information. - Current technology allows the size of
antenna 266 to be as small as 2 feet. The costs ofantenna 266 andtransponder interface 282 is already low enough to be within the reach of small business or a typical household. The newspaper publisher has to pay for the use of the transponder. However, the costs is comparable to the printing and distribution costs of printed newspaper. It is anticipated that the costs of the newspaper distribution system in accordance with the present invention will be lowered as the number of subscribers increases. -
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of anewspaper distribution system 200 of the present invention.System 200 contains asatellite transponder 210, anearth station 214, and a plurality of subscriber units, such asunits Transponder 210 functions in a similar way astransponder 260 ofFIG. 1 andsubscriber units subscriber units FIG. 1 .Earth station 214 receives digital data transmitted bytransponder 210 using anantenna 216. The data is distributed tosubscriber units wired communication channel 228, such as cable and optic fiber. Other earth stations could be placed in strategic locations throughout the country to serve their respective subscribers in a similar manner asearth station 214 andsubscriber units satellite transponder 210. The advantage of this embodiment is that the equipment costs incurred by the subscriber units are low. - In some locations, it may not be desirable to use wired communication channel to link an earth station to subscribers. In such case, wireless communication channel could be used.
FIG. 3 shows anearth station 234 which receives transponder signal fromtransponder 210 using anantenna 236.Earth station 234 in turn broadcasts the digital data to its subscribers, such assubscriber units -
FIG. 3 shows a plurality of modems that are connected tosubscriber units FIG. 3 is similar to the corresponding part ofFIG. 1 . It should be noted thatwired communication channel 228 may also be used as a bi-directional communication channel for accessing database 246. - In one embodiment of
system 200, teletext technology is used to linkearth station 234 andsubscriber units earth station 234 could be located adjacent to a television transmission station. The digital data received byearth station 234 can be integrated to the vertical blanking interval of a TV signal, which is broadcasted using anantenna 238.Subscriber units signal using antennas - It should be obvious to a person skilled in the art that
systems systems - The present invention can also be used in information distribution using a digital data network.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing anetwork system 500 of the present invention.System 500 contains adata communication network 502, which could be a local area network or a wide area network.System 500 also contains a plurality of client computers (such as computers 506-508) and a plurality of server computers (such asservers 516 and 518). These computers are connected to network 502 using a plurality of network access devices 510-514 (such as modems for connecting the client computers to dial-up lines and channel service units for connecting the server computers to T1 lines or lines of higher data rates). Preferably, the digital newspaper data and the database is stored in the servers. The digital newspaper data will be broadcasted by a server to the client computers either at a predetermined time or upon request. Upon receiving the broadcast data, the client stores the data in its nonvolatile memory (such as its hard disk). - The structure of the client computers could be similar to
subscriber unit 252 ofFIG. 1 , except that the antenna (such as antenna 266) may correspond to the connection from the client computers to network 502 andinterface 282 may correspond to the network access device. For example,client computer 510 may contain a signal/data processor 521, amonitor 522, aninput device 523 and anantenna 524. The client computers can communicate with the database server (which corresponds todatabase 259 ofFIG. 1 ). It should be noted that both the database and the digital newspaper data could be located on the same server. Further, the digital newspaper data and the database information could be distributed among many servers. - In
FIG. 1 , the bi-directional channel is a separate physical communication link (i.e.,telephone 256, which is different from a satellite link). InFIG. 4 , it is possible to usenetwork 502 as both the broadcast channel and the bi-directional channel. This is an example that the same physical link supports both broadcast and bi-directional channels. Thus, these channels are defined by their functionality instead of by their physical characteristics. - In the Internet, information can be broadcasted by sending the same information to a plurality of electronic mail or URL addresses. Alternatively, information can be sent using a multicasting protocol. The client computers contain a browser which could read the broadcast digital information. The database server contains a plurality of files containing information related to the broadcast information. In the Web environment, the broadcast information is a hypertext markup language (“HTML”) document contains links (e.g., in the form of HTML “tags” containing URL addresses of these related files in the database server). A user can use a browser running on a client computer to read the broadcast HTML document. These tags are typically rendered as highlighted text or images by the browser. Upon seeing the indication of links, a user can click on these indications, and the client computers can accesses information in selected files by sending requests to these URL addresses. The server can then deliver the requested information to the subscribers using standard Web protocol. As pointed out above, these files may be encrypted, and only authorized users can read the content of these files.
- Some networks systems support distributive processing. These networks allows “applets” to be distributed from one computer (client and sever) to another computer for execution. An example of such a system is the Java and HotJava environment on the Web. The present invention can be applied to these network systems. Only some of the applets (preferably the most important ones) need to be encrypted while most of the applets can be sent in the clear (or slightly encrypted).
- In the embodiments shown in
FIGS. 1 , 3 and 4, the encryption can be performed at the time information in the database is delivered to the subscribers. Different encryption keys could be used. Methods of delivering the decryption keys to the subscribers via insecure communication channels have been described above, and will not be repeated here. - There has thus shown and described a novel information distribution and process system. Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and application of the subject invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering this specification and the accompanying drawings. All such changes, modifications, variations, uses, and applications are covered by the scope of this invention which is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (18)
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US7830830B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
US7522554B2 (en) | 2009-04-21 |
US20070258401A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
US7508789B2 (en) | 2009-03-24 |
US20070271581A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
US8457545B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 |
US20110247034A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
US20070258430A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
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