Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
  • C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
  • B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
  • B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
  • B60R21/36—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians using airbags
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
  • C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
  • C06B29/16—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with a nitrated organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
  • C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
  • C06B31/12—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
  • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
  • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

• the invention relates to gas generating compositions, especially for use in safety devices for vehicles.
• the invention relates to such compositions based on guanidine nitrate used in pedestrian protection devices.
• Gas generating compositions based on guanidine nitrate are known, for example, from EP-A 1 006 096 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,102. Almost all manufacturers of vehicle occupant restraint systems make use of such compositions in series production of pyrotechnical inflators for airbag modules of occupant protection devices, especially for driver and passenger airbags.
• the compositions comprising guanidine nitrate as fuel commonly used for said applications have a mass-related gas yield of approx. 65 to 75%, burn rates of approx. 20 to 30 mm/s and combustion temperatures of about 1700 to 2000 K.
• the share of guanidine nitrate in these compositions frequently is within the range of from 40 to 50% by weight.
• compositions having low burn temperatures which positively influence the noxious gas composition a higher percentage of non-gas generating additives has to be accepted, which equally affects the gas yield.
• the gas yields that can be obtained by the gas generating compositions comprising guanidine nitrate as fuel common so far thus do not amount to more than 75%.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,893,517 describes gas generating compositions based on guanidine nitrate having a gas yield of about 80%. These compositions contain further organic fuels and are formulated for use in belt tensioners. The compositions therefore have a definitely higher burn temperature of more than 2000 K and a high burn rate of more than 40 mm/s at 20 MPa.
• the burn rates required for gas generating compositions for occupant protection systems (driver, passenger and side impact systems) in general are within >20 mm/s.
• the burning is completed after a maximum of 100 ms.
• the layer thickness of a propellant member is understood which is passed during burning of the propellant member until complete consumption thereof.
• a cylindrical tablet having a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 3 mm has a fabric thickness of 1.5 mm, as in the case of even burning from all sides after burning of a layer thickness of 1.5 mm the entire tablet is consumed.
• gas delivery times of more than 100 ms are desired.
• the inflated airbag is intended to have an as long durability as possible.
• the subject matter of the invention also is a pedestrian protection device in vehicles in which the gas generating composition according to the invention is contained as well as the use of the gas generating compositions according to the invention in pedestrian protection devices of vehicles.
• the gas generating composition according to the invention serves for use in safety devices for vehicles and exhibits a gas yield of at least 85%.
• the composition substantially comprises 75 to 98% by weight of guanidine nitrate as fuel and 2 to 25% by weight of a burning accelerator selected from the group of the transition metal compounds, metal nitrates, metal chlorates, metal perchlorates, ammonium perchlorate and mixtures thereof.
• the burn rate of the composition is within the range of from 3 to 17 mm/s at 20 MPa.
• Transition metal compounds in accordance with the invention are the compounds, preferably the oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, basic carbonates and basic nitrates, of the metals of the first series of the transition metals, namely of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper and zinc, as well as of zirconium and molybdenum of the second transition metal series.
• the compounds of the metals vanadium, cobalt and nickel as well as cadmium and mercury, which are undesired because of their toxicological characteristics, are not in accordance with the invention and are expressly excluded. Equally undesired are the compounds of the hexavalent chromium. The use of said metals and the compounds thereof is explicitly excluded in most specifications of the car manufacturers anyway.
• Metal nitrates, metal chlorates and metal perchlorates are especially those compounds of the alkali metals and earth alkali metals.
• the molar gas yield of the gas generating composition amounts to at least 0.035 mole/g (moles of generated gas 1 g of fuel), especially preferred to 0.039 to 0.043 mole/g, and the volume-related gas yield (moles of generated gas/volume of fuel) amounts to at least 0.059 mole/cm 3 , especially preferred to 0.059 to 0.062 mole/cm 3 .
• the theoretic molar gas yield for pure guanidine nitrate is 0.042 mole/g; the theoretical volume-related gas yield is 0.061 mole/cm 3 calculated each for a pressure of 30 MPa. Slightly higher molar or volume-related gas yields can be achieved by appropriate burning accelerators which reduce the molar weight of the generated gas and/or increase the density of the gas generating composition.
• the burn rate of the gas generating compositions used in airbag modules for pedestrian protection devices outside the passenger compartment preferably is within the range of from 7.0 to 16.0 mm/s at 20 MPa. If the gas generating compositions in micro inflators are used to activate stays for hoods and similar pedestrian protection devices in which the gas released from the composition actuates a cylinder-piston mechanism, the burn rate preferably is within the range of from 10 to 17 mm/s at 20 MPa. For quick applications small tablets having a diameter of 1-4 mm or else granules can be employed.
• the joint grinding of the components for example in a ball mill, vibration ball mill or rocker mill has turned out to be an efficient method of increasing the burn rate of a given composition.
• the particle size of the components used is reduced and, on the other hand, high homogeneity is achieved by intimately mixing and pressing the individual parts into each other. Both factors promote an increase in reactivity of the components used and thus also in the burn rate.
• the burn rate of the mixtures can be widely controlled. Thus definitely higher burn rates than in the propellants described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,604,391 can be reached even with a nominally equal composition.
• the use of a fine-particle quality of the transition metal compound having a medium grain size of not more than 5 ⁇ m and a specific surface of at least 1 m 2 /g is preferred.
• the copper oxide quality used as starting material had a mean grain size of 0.8 ⁇ m and a specific surface of 10 m 2 /g.
• the guanidine nitrate used had a mean grain size of 6.5 ⁇ m. However, it turned out that the grain size of the guanidine nitrate used as starting material is of minor significance, as a coarser grain size can be compensated by a longer grinding time.
• the gas generating composition preferably has an oxygen balance of ⁇ 10% to ⁇ 27%, especially preferred of ⁇ 14 to ⁇ 24.
• the low oxygen balance contributes to a high gas yield and a low burning temperature. An unfavorable influence on the carbon monoxide parts can be tolerated, as the gases released during burning of the composition do not enter into the passenger compartment.
• the oxygen balance is understood to be the oxygen quantity in percent by weight which is freed in the case of complete conversion of a compound or a mixture into CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 etc. (oxygen over-balancing). If the oxygen present is not sufficient for this purpose, the missing quantity required for the complete conversion is indicated with negative sign (oxygen under-balancing).
• the compositions according to the invention are thermally shelf-stable at 120° C. for 400 h.
• the loss of weight in the hot storage test in the afore-mentioned conditions preferably is less than 2%, especially preferred less than 1%.
• the compositions according to the invention also satisfy the specifications of the car manufacturers for applications in the engine compartment.
• compositions according to the invention preferably exhibit a burning temperature of no more than 1650 K.
• the burning temperature is within the range of from 1370 to 1650 K, especially preferred within the range of from 1420 to 1630 K.
• the provision of cold gases is equally advantageous to applications in the area outside the passenger compartment and promotes a longer durability of the inflated airbag or the safety device activated by gas pressure.
• the burning accelerator is preferably selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CuO, Cu 2 O, ZnO, ZrO 2 , MoO 3 , FeOOH, Cu(OH) 2 , ZnCO 3 , MnCO 3 , FeCO 3 , CuCO 3 , basic zinc carbonate, basic copper carbonate, basic copper nitrate, basic zinc nitrate, NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , NaClO 3 , KClO 3 , NaClO 4 , KClO 4 , NH 4 ClO 4 and mixtures thereof.
• the burning accelerator is a mixture of at least one compound from the group of the metal nitrates, metal chlorates, metal perchlorates and ammonium perchlorate as well as additionally of at least one transition metal compound of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Zr and Mo.
• the compound is selected from the group of the metal nitrates, metal chlorates and metal perchlorates from the group consisting of NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , Sr(NO 3 ) 2 , NaClO 3 , KClO 3 , NaClO 4 , KClO 4 and mixtures thereof.
• the use of ammonium perchlorate is also provided in this embodiment.
• the transition metal compound is preferably selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CuO, Cu 2 O, ZnO, ZrO 2 , MoO 3 , FeOOH, Cu(OH) 2 , ZnCO 3 , MnCO 3 , FeCO 3 , CuCO 3 , basic zinc carbonate, basic copper carbonate, basic copper nitrate, basic zinc nitrate and mixtures thereof.
• the transition metal compounds preferably have a mean grain size of not more than 5 ⁇ m, especially preferred of not more than 3 ⁇ m and a specific surface of at least 1 m 2 /g, especially preferred at least 3 m 2 /g.
• the composition according to the invention may comprise up to 5% by weight of further additives from the group of burn moderators and/or coolants.
• the afore-mentioned additives have a stabilizing effect on the burning and keep the combustion temperature low. Simultaneously the slagging of combustion residues is improved, thereby the residues being prevented from dusting.
• burn moderators and/or coolants examples include B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, SiO 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , basic magnesium carbonate, CaCO 3 and mixtures thereof.
• compositions may include up to 3% of processing aids such as pressing aids, anti-caking agents and/or anti-blocking agents which in the given amount do not substantially influence the burn rate of the composition.
• processing aids such as pressing aids, anti-caking agents and/or anti-blocking agents which in the given amount do not substantially influence the burn rate of the composition.
• processing aids are polyethylene glycol, cellulose, methyl cellulose, graphite, wax, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, boron nitride, talcum, bentonite, silica and molybdenum sulfide as well as mixtures thereof.
• a subject matter of the invention further is a pedestrian protection device for a vehicle comprising an inflator and means for pedestrian protection adapted to be activated by gas such as an inflatable airbag or a piston-cylinder system for propping up the hood in which the inflator contains a gas generating composition according to the invention in accordance with one or more of the afore-described embodiments.
• gas such as an inflatable airbag or a piston-cylinder system for propping up the hood in which the inflator contains a gas generating composition according to the invention in accordance with one or more of the afore-described embodiments.
• the inflator of the pedestrian protection device is preferably disposed outside a passenger compartment of the vehicle, for example in the engine compartment.
• especially the improved hot shelf life of the composition according to the invention is advantageous.
• the inflator interacts with an inflatable airbag.
• the risk of injury of the pedestrian can be considerably reduced by the inflated airbag.
• the inflator drives the piston-cylinder system of a hood stay.
• a subject matter of the invention also is the use of the gas generating compositions according to the invention in accordance with one or more of the afore-described embodiments in an inflator of a safety device in a vehicle, wherein the inflator is disposed outside a passenger compartment of the vehicle.
• gas generating compositions in a pedestrian protection device for vehicles.
• the advantages of the gas generating compositions according to the invention especially reside in the fact that high gas yields can be achieved with simultaneously low combustion temperatures and moderate burn rates ensuring a long gas delivery time and a longer durability of the safety devices activated by gas.
• the burn rates obtained by the compositions according to the invention are below the burn rates of compositions previously used for airbag modules in the field of occupant protection, but at the same time still within a range suited for the use in pedestrian protection devices.
• compositions according to the invention furthermore also permits the use thereof in the engine compartment of vehicles where temperatures of up to 120° C. can easily be reached in operating conditions.
• compositions according to the invention resort to tested and non-toxic components which are available on the market at reasonable prices.
• Guanidine nitrate having a mean particle size of from 6.5 to 35 ⁇ m, transition metal compounds having a mean particle size between 0.5 and 2 ⁇ m and a specific surface between 4 and 25 m 2 /g, metal nitrates and perchiorates having a mean grain size of about 50 ⁇ m as well as pyrogenic aluminum oxide, silicon oxide and/or calcium stearate were mixed in the parts by weight listed in the following table 1, were ground together in a vibration ball mill and pressed into tablets.
• the burn rate (BR) of the compositions according to the examples 1 through 18 was determined by bombarding 10 grams of propellant at a time within a closed 100 cm 3 bomb. The test results as well as further calculated characteristics of the compositions are listed in table 2.
• compositions according to the examples 1 through 18 furthermore were submitted to an aging test for 400 hours at 120° C. After this test in general a loss of weight of less than 2% was determined. For the composition according to example 16a loss of weight of merely 0.36% was determined. Thus all compositions satisfy the increased requirements to the aging stability of inflator propellants for applications in the engine compartment.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=49029292

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 2012
  • 2012-03-08 DE DE102012004468A patent/DE102012004468A1/de active Pending
• 2013
  • 2013-02-18 US US13/769,481 patent/US20130233636A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-03-15 FR FR1352316A patent/FR2989681B1/fr active Active
• 2015
  • 2015-07-09 US US14/794,919 patent/US10343954B2/en active Active

Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events