US20130213059A1 - Compression of a cryogenic medium - Google Patents

Compression of a cryogenic medium Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130213059A1
US20130213059A1 US13/771,510 US201313771510A US2013213059A1 US 20130213059 A1 US20130213059 A1 US 20130213059A1 US 201313771510 A US201313771510 A US 201313771510A US 2013213059 A1 US2013213059 A1 US 2013213059A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
cryogenic
compression
compressor
pressure
medium
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Abandoned
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US13/771,510
Inventor
Wilfried-Henning Reese
Harald Kraus
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Assigned to LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KRAUS, HARALD, REESE, WILFRIED-HENNING
Publication of US20130213059A1 publication Critical patent/US20130213059A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/14—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for compression of a cryogenic medium.
  • cryogenic media such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or argon, for example.
  • cryogenic medium is usually understood to refer to a liquefied cryogenic gas which is at a comparatively low temperature.
  • cryogenic hydrogen is usually between ⁇ 253° C. and ⁇ 245° C.
  • Generic methods for compression of cryogenic media may be used in filling and refilling storage tanks.
  • various filling methods are used to fill hydrogen storage tanks installed in motor vehicles:
  • Pressure compensation methods Several gas buffer storage devices having different pressure levels are filled from a supply system; this may be a stationary storage tank or a pipeline, by means of a compressor or a cryopump. In the case of refueling a motor vehicle, the compressed hydrogen is filled into the storage tank in the vehicle from the gas buffer storage devices by pressure compensation until reaching the final refueling pressure.
  • Booster Method In this case, hydrogen from a supply system is compressed by means of a high-performance compressor and then transferred directly into the automotive storage tank.
  • cryogenic compression in which the hydrogen is compressed by means of cryogenic compression to 700 bar with temperature compensation up to maximum 875 bar, such that the boil-off gas formed in cryogenic compression is sent to the automotive storage tank in a first refueling step.
  • a cryogenic compression of liquid hydrogen to supercritical gaseous hydrogen takes place at entrance temperatures between ⁇ 253° C. and ⁇ 245° C.
  • Compression of the boil-off gas formed in cryogenic compression requires so-called hot gas compressors, by means of which gas at ambient temperatures is compressed at ambient temperatures, which are understood to be in a temperature range between ⁇ 20° C. and 40° C.
  • hot gas compressors are comparatively expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for compression of a cryogenic medium, in particular hydrogen that will avoid the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • a method for compressing a cryogenic medium characterized in that the cryogenic medium is compressed in two compressor stages from an initial pressure to a final pressure by way of an intermediate pressure, and the first compressor stage is designed as a cryogenic compressor stage.
  • cryogenic compressor stage and/or “cryogenic compression” is to be understood below as a compression process in which a cryogenic liquid medium is converted into a compressed supercritical gas and in which the entrance temperature of the cryogenic medium is below ⁇ 70° C.
  • Cryogenic compression of liquid hydrogen or other liquefied cryogenic gases is usually performed by using cryogenic piston pumps.
  • the cryogenic medium to be compressed here enters the piston as a liquid and is ejected as a supercritical gas.
  • the cryogenic medium is then compressed in two compressor stages from an initial pressure to a final pressure by way of an intermediate pressure, such that the first compressor stage is designed as a cryogenic compressor stage.
  • the cryogenic medium having an initial pressure between 1 and 3 bar is preferably compressed to a pressure between 30 and 70 bar in the cryogenic compressor stage.
  • the method according to the present invention for compressing a cryogenic medium is advantageously implemented in a combined compressor in which the first cryogenic compressor stage compresses the cryogenic medium from the initial pressure to the desired intermediate pressure.
  • This cryogenic compression makes use of the fact that the medium to be compressed is present with a high density and therefore the compression cylinder can be designed to be relatively small. As a result, the required driving force for the compression is low, so the result is an energetically favorable compression process.
  • the medium In the first compressor stage the medium is brought to a higher temperature so that the medium in the second compressor stage can be compressed to the final pressure by means of a hot compression process. Because of the pre-compression in the cryogenic compressor stage, the compression space required for the second compressor stage can be designed to be relatively small.
  • the two compressor stages shall be implemented in piston compressors which are driven via a shared drive.
  • an electric motor with a double gear for operation of two compressor stages may be used as the shared drive.
  • one single-piston compressor is used for each compressor stage, such that the two single-piston compressors are advantageously operated in as a reciprocating compressor.
  • the piston here compresses the cryogenic medium first in the first compressor stage.
  • the piston of the second compressor stage is in the return stroke, and in doing so, draws the pre-compressed medium out of the first compressor stage.
  • the first compressor stage is in the return stroke and again draws in cryogenic medium.
  • the figure is a schematic of a method for compressing a cryogenic medium according to the invention.
  • the pump arrangement shown in the figure consists of two single-piston compressors, each having a compression space V 1 or V 2 , a piston K 1 or K 2 driven by a piston rod and a working space A 1 or A 2 , which is required to drive the pistons.
  • One intake valve a or c and one outlet valve b or d is assigned to each compression space V 1 and V 2 .
  • the medium to be compressed is sent to the first compressor stage and/or to the first compression space V 1 through line 1 .
  • This is a specially insulated, preferably vacuum-insulated line, which reduces the unwanted heat input to the medium to be compressed to a minimum.
  • the medium to be compressed then flows into the compression space V 1 with the intake valve a open.
  • the inflowing medium usually is at a pressure between 1 and 3 bar. Cryogenic compression to a pressure between 30 and 70 bar takes place in the compression space V 1 .
  • the compressed medium is conveyed into an equalizing tank 2 arranged between the two compression spaces V 1 and V 2 with the outlet valve b open.
  • the medium flows out of the equalizing tank when intake valve c is opened there into the second compressor stage V 2 in which compression to the desired final pressure takes place. With the outlet valve d open, the medium compressed to the final pressure is removed through a (high-pressure) line 3 .
  • the figure shows the moment when the piston K 1 in the compression space V 1 is at top dead center and thus at the end of the intake stroke, while the piston K 2 in the compression space V 2 is at bottom dead center so the compression stroke is ended.
  • the drive for the two reciprocating pistons K 1 and K 2 is provided by means of a hydraulic pump P, which pumps the hydraulic fluid in the working spaces A 1 and A 2 through the lines 4 through 7 , so that it results in an up-and-down movement of the pistons K 1 and K 2 .
  • a hydraulic pump P which pumps the hydraulic fluid in the working spaces A 1 and A 2 through the lines 4 through 7 , so that it results in an up-and-down movement of the pistons K 1 and K 2 .
  • an electric motor with a reciprocating double gear may also be used, for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

A method for compressing a cryogenic medium, in particular hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or argon is described. The cryogenic medium is compressed in two compressor stages from an initial pressure to a final pressure by way of an intermediate pressure, such that the first compressor stage is designed as a cryogenic compressor stage. The cryogenic medium is advantageously compressed to a pressure between 30 and 70 bar in the first compressor stage and in the second compressor stage is compressed to the desired final pressure by means of a hot gas compression.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application claims priority from German Patent Application DE102012003446.6 filed Feb. 21, 2012.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The invention relates to a method for compression of a cryogenic medium.
  • Generic methods for compressing cryogenic media, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or argon, for example, are known from the prior art.
  • The term “cryogenic medium” is usually understood to refer to a liquefied cryogenic gas which is at a comparatively low temperature. For example, the temperature of cryogenic hydrogen is usually between −253° C. and −245° C.
  • Generic methods for compression of cryogenic media may be used in filling and refilling storage tanks. For example, various filling methods are used to fill hydrogen storage tanks installed in motor vehicles:
  • Pressure compensation methods: Several gas buffer storage devices having different pressure levels are filled from a supply system; this may be a stationary storage tank or a pipeline, by means of a compressor or a cryopump. In the case of refueling a motor vehicle, the compressed hydrogen is filled into the storage tank in the vehicle from the gas buffer storage devices by pressure compensation until reaching the final refueling pressure.
  • Booster Method: In this case, hydrogen from a supply system is compressed by means of a high-performance compressor and then transferred directly into the automotive storage tank.
  • Combination of pressure compensation and booster methods: Here there is first a partial filling of the vehicle storage tank that is to be filled from the gas buffer storage devices by means of pressure compensation before being filled to the final pressure by the booster method.
  • In addition, there are refueling methods in which the hydrogen is compressed by means of cryogenic compression to 700 bar with temperature compensation up to maximum 875 bar, such that the boil-off gas formed in cryogenic compression is sent to the automotive storage tank in a first refueling step. A cryogenic compression of liquid hydrogen to supercritical gaseous hydrogen takes place at entrance temperatures between −253° C. and −245° C. Compression of the boil-off gas formed in cryogenic compression requires so-called hot gas compressors, by means of which gas at ambient temperatures is compressed at ambient temperatures, which are understood to be in a temperature range between −20° C. and 40° C. However, such hot gas compressors are comparatively expensive.
  • Furthermore, this requires a compressor system of at least two to three stages because of the required compression ratio, but such a system would be unfavorable from an energy standpoint. The hydrogen must also be warmed by means of an ambient air evaporator before being fed into the hot gas compressor and therefore it loses the advantage of the high density as a cryogenic gas. So far there are not any cryogenic compression systems that could be used for compression of the boil-off gas to the required pressure level of 400 to 500 bar. However, pressures of 400 to 500 bar are necessary to be able to utilize the boil-off gas for refueling the vehicle according to the current refueling technique, in which the final refueling pressures are between 700 and 800 bar.
  • The object of the present invention is to provide a method for compression of a cryogenic medium, in particular hydrogen that will avoid the aforementioned disadvantages.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • To solve this problem, a method for compressing a cryogenic medium is proposed, characterized in that the cryogenic medium is compressed in two compressor stages from an initial pressure to a final pressure by way of an intermediate pressure, and the first compressor stage is designed as a cryogenic compressor stage.
  • The term “cryogenic compressor stage” and/or “cryogenic compression” is to be understood below as a compression process in which a cryogenic liquid medium is converted into a compressed supercritical gas and in which the entrance temperature of the cryogenic medium is below −70° C. Cryogenic compression of liquid hydrogen or other liquefied cryogenic gases is usually performed by using cryogenic piston pumps. The cryogenic medium to be compressed here enters the piston as a liquid and is ejected as a supercritical gas.
  • According to the invention, the cryogenic medium is then compressed in two compressor stages from an initial pressure to a final pressure by way of an intermediate pressure, such that the first compressor stage is designed as a cryogenic compressor stage. In this process, the cryogenic medium having an initial pressure between 1 and 3 bar is preferably compressed to a pressure between 30 and 70 bar in the cryogenic compressor stage.
  • The method according to the present invention for compressing a cryogenic medium is advantageously implemented in a combined compressor in which the first cryogenic compressor stage compresses the cryogenic medium from the initial pressure to the desired intermediate pressure. This cryogenic compression makes use of the fact that the medium to be compressed is present with a high density and therefore the compression cylinder can be designed to be relatively small. As a result, the required driving force for the compression is low, so the result is an energetically favorable compression process.
  • In the first compressor stage the medium is brought to a higher temperature so that the medium in the second compressor stage can be compressed to the final pressure by means of a hot compression process. Because of the pre-compression in the cryogenic compressor stage, the compression space required for the second compressor stage can be designed to be relatively small.
  • It is proposed that to further refine the method according to the invention for compressing a cryogenic medium, the two compressor stages shall be implemented in piston compressors which are driven via a shared drive. For example, an electric motor with a double gear for operation of two compressor stages may be used as the shared drive.
  • In addition, according to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention for compression of a cryogenic medium, one single-piston compressor is used for each compressor stage, such that the two single-piston compressors are advantageously operated in as a reciprocating compressor.
  • In the case of an optimum design of the compression ratio in the two single-piston compressors, i.e., compressor stages, these may be operated as a reciprocating compressor by means of a shared drive. In doing so, the piston here compresses the cryogenic medium first in the first compressor stage. At the same time the piston of the second compressor stage is in the return stroke, and in doing so, draws the pre-compressed medium out of the first compressor stage. When the second stage is compressed, the first compressor stage is in the return stroke and again draws in cryogenic medium.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The figure is a schematic of a method for compressing a cryogenic medium according to the invention.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The method according to the invention for compressing a cryogenic medium will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of the exemplary embodiment illustrated in the figure.
  • The pump arrangement shown in the figure consists of two single-piston compressors, each having a compression space V1 or V2, a piston K1 or K2 driven by a piston rod and a working space A1 or A2, which is required to drive the pistons. One intake valve a or c and one outlet valve b or d is assigned to each compression space V1 and V2.
  • The medium to be compressed is sent to the first compressor stage and/or to the first compression space V1 through line 1. This is a specially insulated, preferably vacuum-insulated line, which reduces the unwanted heat input to the medium to be compressed to a minimum. The medium to be compressed then flows into the compression space V1 with the intake valve a open. The inflowing medium usually is at a pressure between 1 and 3 bar. Cryogenic compression to a pressure between 30 and 70 bar takes place in the compression space V1. Next the compressed medium is conveyed into an equalizing tank 2 arranged between the two compression spaces V1 and V2 with the outlet valve b open. The medium flows out of the equalizing tank when intake valve c is opened there into the second compressor stage V2 in which compression to the desired final pressure takes place. With the outlet valve d open, the medium compressed to the final pressure is removed through a (high-pressure) line 3.
  • The figure shows the moment when the piston K1 in the compression space V1 is at top dead center and thus at the end of the intake stroke, while the piston K2 in the compression space V2 is at bottom dead center so the compression stroke is ended.
  • The drive for the two reciprocating pistons K1 and K2 is provided by means of a hydraulic pump P, which pumps the hydraulic fluid in the working spaces A1 and A2 through the lines 4 through 7, so that it results in an up-and-down movement of the pistons K1 and K2. Instead of the aforementioned hydraulic pump P, an electric motor with a reciprocating double gear may also be used, for example.
  • The method according to the invention for compression of a cryogenic medium has a number of advantages in comparison with the compression methods that are part of the prior art:
      • favorable compression energetically and in terms of plant technology because only comparatively small compression spaces and thus low drive powers are necessary,
      • no preheating of the cryogenic medium is necessary in contrast with the hot gas compression described above; furthermore there is no need for an intermediate cooler between the two compressor stages,
      • a high final pressure can be achieved at a nominal performance,
      • despite two different compression systems (“cryogenic” and “hot”), only one common drive system is required for optimal design,
      • with respect to design space, complexity and energy efficiency, the method according to the invention for compression of a cryogenic medium constitutes a significant improvement in comparison with the compression methods of the prior art.

Claims (5)

What we claim is:
1. A method for compressing a cryogenic medium, characterized in that the cryogenic medium is compressed in two compressor stages from an initial pressure to a final pressure by way of an intermediate pressure, and a first compressor stage is designed as a cryogenic compressor stage.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cryogenic medium is compressed to a pressure between 30 and 70 bar in the first compressor stage.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the two compressor stages are implemented in piston compressors and are driven by means of a shared drive.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a single-piston compressor is used per compressor stage, characterized in that the two single-piston compressors are operated as a reciprocating compressor.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cryogenic medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and argon.
US13/771,510 2012-02-21 2013-02-20 Compression of a cryogenic medium Abandoned US20130213059A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEDE102012003446.6 2012-02-21
DE102012003446A DE102012003446A1 (en) 2012-02-21 2012-02-21 Compacting a cryogenic medium

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US20130213059A1 true US20130213059A1 (en) 2013-08-22

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US (1) US20130213059A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2013170580A (en)
CN (1) CN103256205A (en)
DE (1) DE102012003446A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2987106A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020128197A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Pumping device, plant and method for supplying liquid hydrogen

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110094188B (en) * 2019-04-09 2021-06-01 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Grading pressure regulating system and method of supercritical carbon dioxide compression system
FR3115348A1 (en) 2020-10-19 2022-04-22 F2M Process and system for cryogenic hydrogen transfer

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US4447195A (en) * 1982-02-22 1984-05-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. High pressure helium pump for liquid or supercritical gas
US5056991A (en) * 1989-03-10 1991-10-15 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Cryogas pump
US6899115B1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2005-05-31 Linde Ag Method and filling station for filling a motor vehicle with gaseous fuel
US20100054958A1 (en) * 2006-09-05 2010-03-04 New York Air Brake Corporation Oil-free air compressor system with inlet throttle
US20100139298A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2010-06-10 Alexander Lifson Motor-compressor drive apparatus
EP2233870A1 (en) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-29 BP Alternative Energy International Limited Separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen
US8915719B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2014-12-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic reciprocating pump intermediate distance piece

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JP3940836B2 (en) * 2002-03-18 2007-07-04 ダイキン工業株式会社 Compression mechanism of refrigeration equipment
JP4658769B2 (en) * 2005-01-07 2011-03-23 三菱重工業株式会社 Booster for cryogenic fluid
RU2433302C1 (en) * 2010-07-09 2011-11-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Южно-Российский государственный университет экономики и сервиса" (ГОУ ВПО "ЮРГУЭС") Double-stage compressor plant
CN202001247U (en) * 2011-03-29 2011-10-05 江苏嘉隆化工有限公司 Air separating compressor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4447195A (en) * 1982-02-22 1984-05-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. High pressure helium pump for liquid or supercritical gas
US5056991A (en) * 1989-03-10 1991-10-15 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V. Cryogas pump
US6899115B1 (en) * 1999-07-20 2005-05-31 Linde Ag Method and filling station for filling a motor vehicle with gaseous fuel
US20100054958A1 (en) * 2006-09-05 2010-03-04 New York Air Brake Corporation Oil-free air compressor system with inlet throttle
US20100139298A1 (en) * 2007-05-07 2010-06-10 Alexander Lifson Motor-compressor drive apparatus
EP2233870A1 (en) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-29 BP Alternative Energy International Limited Separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen
US8915719B2 (en) * 2011-11-11 2014-12-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic reciprocating pump intermediate distance piece

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020128197A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-25 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Pumping device, plant and method for supplying liquid hydrogen
FR3090756A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2020-06-26 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Pumping device, installation and method for supplying liquid hydrogen
US20220074397A1 (en) * 2018-12-19 2022-03-10 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Pumping device, plant and method for supplying liquid hydrogen

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FR2987106A1 (en) 2013-08-23
CN103256205A (en) 2013-08-21
DE102012003446A1 (en) 2013-08-22
JP2013170580A (en) 2013-09-02

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Owner name: LINDE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY

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