US20130210985A1 - Coating compositions containing low voc compounds - Google Patents
Coating compositions containing low voc compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20130210985A1 US20130210985A1 US13/837,616 US201313837616A US2013210985A1 US 20130210985 A1 US20130210985 A1 US 20130210985A1 US 201313837616 A US201313837616 A US 201313837616A US 2013210985 A1 US2013210985 A1 US 2013210985A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paint
- polymer
- coalescent
- less
- grams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title abstract description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 3
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 for example Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 9
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)C DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940044613 1-propanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093475 2-ethoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCOCCO YEYKMVJDLWJFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000605019 Lachesana tarabaevi M-zodatoxin-Lt1a Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940072282 cardura Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N doxazosin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2OC1C(=O)N(CC1)CCN1C1=NC(N)=C(C=C(C(OC)=C2)OC)C2=N1 RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-Trifluoromethylhippuric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ZDGGJQMSELMHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QQWAKSKPSOFJFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl 2,2-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 QQWAKSKPSOFJFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)O ULWHHBHJGPPBCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZKQGGPNIFCLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylhexane-2,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(C)(C)C(C)(O)O VYZKQGGPNIFCLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(O)C#C NECRQCBKTGZNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDYULRADYGBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HNDYULRADYGBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ROPXFXOUUANXRR-YPKPFQOOSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC ROPXFXOUUANXRR-YPKPFQOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004181 carboxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZLIWAKTUJFFNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocitronellol benzoate Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SZLIWAKTUJFFNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVWTZAGVNBPXHU-FOCLMDBBSA-N dioctyl (e)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)\C=C\C(=O)OCCCCCCCC TVWTZAGVNBPXHU-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octhilinone Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1SC=CC1=O JPMIIZHYYWMHDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIWHJQPAGLNURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OCC1CO1 FIWHJQPAGLNURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCO RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004964 sulfoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/43—Thickening agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/028—Pigments; Filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
Definitions
- Coating compositions such as paints, that include latex polymer particles typically also include a coalescent (i.e., coalescing agent or film-forming agent) in addition to pigments and fillers.
- a coalescent i.e., coalescing agent or film-forming agent
- the coalescent functions as a solvent as well as a plasticizer for the polymer particles to soften the latex polymer particles and assist in the formation of a continuous coating or film after applying to a surface and allowing to dry.
- Useful coalescents are generally stable in the presence of water, compatible with other ingredients typically used in paint formulations, particularly the latex polymers, such that the stability of the latex-based composition is not compromised. They are also typically sufficiently volatile to escape when the applied coating composition is allowed to dry, but sufficiently nonvolatile to evaporate more slowly than other ingredients (e.g., drying retarders, antifreezes) that delay film formation.
- other ingredients e.g., drying retarders, antifreezes
- the present invention provides a class of compounds that have a relatively low volatile organic content.
- Such compounds can be used in coating compositions, preferably paints, as coalescing agents, solvents, plasticizers, etc.
- a suitable coalescent is dispersible in the coating composition, which is preferably stable over time.
- the compound when used as a coalescent, facilitates the formation of polymer films of the latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (more preferably, at about 4° C. to about 10° C., and most preferably, at about 4° C. to about 5° C.).
- a coating composition that includes a latex polymer and a coalescent (which can also function as a solvent or a plasticizer).
- Such coating compositions can be coated onto a substrate and dried, as with a paint, for example.
- a coating composition (preferably, a paint) includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X r —O) n —R 2 wherein: R 1 is an organic group (preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms); X is a divalent organic group (preferably, having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably, 3 to 5 carbon atoms); r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10 (preferably, n is 1 to 5, more preferably, n is 1 to 3, and most preferably, n is 2 to 3); and R 2 is hydrogen or an organic group (preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms); with the proviso that R 1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH 2 ) s — wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent has less than two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero (preferably, the coalescent does not
- a coating composition in another embodiment, includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X r —O) n —R 2 wherein: R 1 is an organic group; X is a divalent organic group; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R 2 is hydrogen or an organic group; with the proviso that R 1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH 2 ) s — wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent does not include aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds; with the proviso that r is one when R 2 is H; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50%, is dispersible in the coating composition, and facilitates the formation of polymer films of the latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 10° C., and more preferably, at
- a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X r —O) n —R 2 wherein: R 1 has the formula R 3 —(CH 2 ) m —(O(CH 2 ) p ) q — wherein R 3 is an alkyl or aryl group, m is 0 to 24, p is 1 to 4, and q is 0 to 50; X has the formula —(CH 2 ) s —, wherein s is 2 to 8; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R 2 is hydrogen or R 1 ; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50%, is dispersible in the coating composition, and facilitates the formation of polymer films of the latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 10° C., and more preferably, at a temperature
- a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X—O) n —H wherein: R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; X is a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygen atoms and carbonyl groups; and n is 1 to 10; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%) and is dispersible in the coating composition.
- a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X—O) n —H wherein: R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; X has the formula —(CH 2 ) s —, wherein s is 2 to 8; and n is 1 to 10; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%) and is dispersible in the coating composition.
- a coating composition in another embodiment, includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X—O) n —H wherein: R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens; X is an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens and carbonyl groups; and n is 1 to 10; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%) and is dispersible in the coating composition.
- the present invention also provides methods of coating that include: providing a coating composition as described herein; applying the coating composition to a substrate (e.g., wall); and allowing the coating composition to dry.
- dispersible in the context of a dispersible coalescent means that the coalescent can be mixed into the coating composition to form a uniform mixture without the use of high shear mixing.
- stable in the context of a coating composition containing a dispersible coalescent means that the coalescent does not phase separate from the coating composition upon standing at 120° F. (49° C.) for four weeks.
- volatile organic content and “VOC” herein mean the volatility of the compound as measured by ASTM method D2369-90.
- organic group means a hydrocarbon (i.e., hydrocarbyl) group with optional elements other than carbon and hydrogen in the chain, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon that is classified as an aliphatic group, cyclic group, or combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups (e.g., alkaryl and aralkyl groups).
- aliphatic group means a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group. This term is used to encompass alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, for example.
- alkyl group means a saturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group including, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, heptyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and the like.
- alkenyl group means an unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as a vinyl group.
- alkynyl group means an unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
- cyclic group means a closed ring hydrocarbon group that is classified as an alicyclic group, aromatic group, or heterocyclic group.
- alicyclic group means a cyclic hydrocarbon group having properties resembling those of aliphatic groups.
- aromatic group or “aryl group” means a mono- or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- heterocyclic group means a closed ring hydrocarbon in which one or more of the atoms in the ring is an element other than carbon (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, etc.).
- substitution is anticipated on the organic groups of the coalescents used in the coating compositions of the present invention.
- group and “moiety” are used to differentiate between chemical species that allow for substitution or that may be substituted and those that do not allow or may not be so substituted.
- group when the term “group” is used to describe a chemical substituent, the described chemical material includes the unsubstituted group and that group with O, N, Si, or S atoms, for example, in the chain (as in an alkoxy group) as well as carbonyl groups or other conventional substitution.
- alkyl group is intended to include not only pure open chain saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, and the like, but also alkyl substituents bearing further substituents known in the art, such as hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, halogen atoms, cyano, nitro, amino, carboxyl, etc.
- alkyl group includes ether groups, haloalkyls, nitroalkyls, carboxyalkyls, hydroxyalkyls, sulfoalkyls, etc.
- alkyl moiety is limited to the inclusion of only pure open chain saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, and the like.
- hydrocarbyl moiety refers to unsubstituted organic moieties containing only hydrogen and carbon.
- the present invention is directed to coating compositions that include coalescents, which can optionally also function as plasticizers and/or solvents, and coatings prepared therefrom.
- the coating compositions are in the form of paints.
- such coating compositions include a polymer, preferably, a latex polymer, in addition to one or more coalescents.
- the coalescent is dispersible in the coating composition which is preferably stable over time (i.e., the coalescent does not phase separate from the coating composition upon standing at 49° C. for four weeks).
- the coating compositions of the present invention are advantageous in that they have a relatively low volatile organic content without sacrificing the balance of properties desired for an applied (i.e., dry) coating, such as a paint.
- the coating compositions of the present invention provide an applied coating having a preferred scrub resistance, as determined by the test set forth in the Examples Section herein below, of at least about that of TEXANOL, which is an alcohol/ester made from trimethylpentane diol and isobutyric acid ((H 3 C) 2 —CH—C(O)—O—CH 2 —C(CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 (OH)—CH(CH 3 ) 2 ).
- the coating compositions include a compound having a relatively low volatile organic content (VOC), and more preferably, a relatively low molecular weight.
- VOC volatile organic content
- the volatile organic content is no greater than about 50%, preferably, no greater than about 30%, more preferably, no greater than about 20%, and most preferably, no greater than about 15%, based on the original weight of the coalesent.
- the number average molecular weight of such compounds is no greater than about 750, and more preferably, less than about 500.
- such compounds are good coalescents. That is, they preferably and advantageously provide good film forming properties for a latex polymer. More preferably, a particularly desirable group of compounds are those that provide good film forming properties at low temperatures (e.g., below room temperature), as determined by the test set forth in the Examples Section herein below. Preferably, such compounds facilitate the formation of polymer films of a latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (more preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 10° C., and most preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 5° C.).
- such low VOC compounds are of the formula R 1 —(C(O)—X r —O) n —R 2 wherein: n is 1 to 10; R 1 is an organic group, preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms, and more preferably, having 3 to 24 carbon atoms; R 2 is hydrogen or an organic group, preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms; and X is a divalent organic group, preferably, having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably, 3 to 5 carbon atoms; and r is 0 to 1.
- n is 1 to 5, more preferably, n is 1 to 3, and most preferably, n is 2 to 3.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety, although for certain preferred embodiments R 1 is an organic group that includes substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof, more preferably, substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof, and most preferably, nonperoxidic oxygen atoms.
- R 1 has the formula R 3 —(CH 2 ) m —(O(CH 2 ) p ) q — wherein R 3 is an alkyl or aryl group, m is 0 to 24, p is 1 to 4 (preferably, p is 1 to 2), and q is 0 to 50.
- m+pq is preferably less than about 23.
- X is a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety, although for certain preferred embodiments, X is an organic group that includes substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, carbonyl groups, and combinations thereof, and more preferably, nonperoxidic oxygen atoms and carbonyl groups.
- X has the formula —(CH 2 ) s — wherein s is 2 to 8, and preferably, s is 3 to 5.
- X includes unsaturation.
- X includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
- a preferred example of such a compound is bis(2-ethylhexyl)maleate (i.e., dioctyl maleate), which is available from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
- R 2 is hydrogen, although for certain preferred embodiments R 2 is R 1 as defined above.
- r is one, preferably when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH 2 ) s — wherein s is 2 to 8; and R 1 and R 2 together (i.e., the coating composition) include less than two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero, preferably, R 1 and R 2 together (i.e., the coating composition) do not include any aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero, and more preferably, R 1 and R 2 together (i.e., the coating composition) do not include any aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds.
- R 1 is an organic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms and substituents selected from the group of oxygen atoms, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; and R 2 is hydrogen.
- a preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R 1 —(C(O)—X r —O) n —R 2 wherein: R 1 is an organic group; X is a divalent organic group; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R 2 is hydrogen or an organic group; with the proviso that R 1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH 2 ) s — wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent has less than two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero.
- Such compounds can be made from caprolactone and an alcohol, for example.
- R 1 is an organic group
- X is a divalent organic group
- r is 0 to 1
- n is 1 to 10
- R 2 is hydrogen or an organic group
- R 1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH 2 ) s — wherein s is 2 to 8
- the proviso that the coalescent does not include aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds
- the proviso that r is one when R 2 is hydrogen.
- R 1 has the formula R 3 —(CH 2 ) m —(O(CH 2 ) p ) q — wherein R 3 is an alkyl or aryl group, m is 0 to 24, p is 1 to 4, and q is 0 to 50;
- X has the formula —(CH 2 ) s —, wherein s is 2 to 8; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R 2 is hydrogen or R 1 .
- R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof;
- X is a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygen atoms and carbonyl groups; and
- n is 1 to 10.
- Such compounds can be made from a glycidyl ester of neodecanoic acid (e.g. CARDURA E10) and a carboxylic acid, for example.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof;
- X has the formula —(CH 2 ) s —, wherein s is 2 to 8; and n is 1 to 10.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens
- X is an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens and carbonyl groups
- n is 1 to 10.
- the preferred polymers of the coating compositions of the present invention include latex polymers (i.e., latices). These are well known in the paint art and are typically particles emulsified or suspended in an aqueous medium. They include, for example, the polymerization products of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as alkyl and alkoxy acrylates or methacrylates, vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, monoolefins, conjugated dienes, optionally with one or more monomers, such as, for example, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride.
- the latex polymers can have a wide range of glass transition temperatures, depending on the desired properties of the resultant coating.
- the amount of polymers and the low VOC compounds (e.g., coalescents) present in the coating compositions of the present invention include an amount that provides the desired result.
- one or more relatively low VOC compounds, which preferably function as coalescents are present in a coating composition in an amount of at least about 1 percent by weight (wt-%), more preferably, at least about 2 wt-%, and most preferably, at least about 5 wt-%, based on polymer solids.
- one or more relatively low VOC compounds are present in a coating composition in an amount of no greater than about 50 wt-%, and more preferably, no greater than about 25 wt-%, based on polymer solids.
- the numerical values of the variables in the formulas described herein are averages.
- compositions of the present invention include those typically used in paint formulations, such as pigments, fillers, thickeners, biocides, mildewcides, surfactants, dispersants, defoamers, and the like.
- the coating compositions can be made using standard techniques known in the paint industry.
- the coating was drawn down on a black vinyl scrub test chart (available from the Leneta Company) with a standard 3-mil (0.0762 millimeter (mm)) Bird film applicator (available from Byk Gardner). The film was allowed to dry at room temperature for 7 days. Scrub resistance was measured with a Gardner Abrasion Tester (available from Byk Gardner) using 10 g of scrub media. The number of cycles until the coating film was first removed was recorded.
- the coating was drawn down on a Penopac paper chart (available from the Leneta Company) with a standard 3-mil Bird film applicator. The chart was then put in the refrigerator at 40° F. (4.4° C.) until dry. Coating films that did not exhibit any cracking were determined to pass. Any cracking of the film was considered a failure.
- Epsilon-caprolactone (2-oxepanone) (174 g), 1-dodecanol (173 g), and
- FASCAT 2003 (stannous octoate, available from Atofina Chemicals) (0.2 g) were charged to a 4-neck 500-mL round bottom flask fitted with mechanical stirring. The contents of the flask was heated to 150° C. and held until the free caprolactone level was below 0.5% as measured by GC (approximately four hours), then cooled to room temperature.
- coalescents were prepared following the procedure of Example 1, Run 1, with the exception that the 174 g caprolactone was varied according to the amount listed in Table 1A, and the 173 g of 1-dodecanol used in Example 1, Run 1 was replaced with the alcohol and amount listed in Table 1A.
- CARDURA E10 (glycidyl ester of neodecanoic acid, available from Shell Chemical) (228 g) was charged to a 4-neck 500-mL round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirring. The flask was heated to 140° C. and 88 g isobutyric acid was fed into the flask over 90 minutes. The contents of the flask were held at 140° C. for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature.
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Abstract
Description
- The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/862,361, filed Aug. 24, 2010, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/855,048, filed May 27, 2004 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,812,079) which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/081,351(now U.S. Pat. No. 6,762,230), which claims the benefit of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/270,680, filed 22 Feb. 2001, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- Coating compositions, such as paints, that include latex polymer particles typically also include a coalescent (i.e., coalescing agent or film-forming agent) in addition to pigments and fillers. The coalescent functions as a solvent as well as a plasticizer for the polymer particles to soften the latex polymer particles and assist in the formation of a continuous coating or film after applying to a surface and allowing to dry.
- Useful coalescents are generally stable in the presence of water, compatible with other ingredients typically used in paint formulations, particularly the latex polymers, such that the stability of the latex-based composition is not compromised. They are also typically sufficiently volatile to escape when the applied coating composition is allowed to dry, but sufficiently nonvolatile to evaporate more slowly than other ingredients (e.g., drying retarders, antifreezes) that delay film formation. However, there is a general desire in the industry to reduce volatile organic emissions, thereby reducing the environmental and health concerns.
- Governments have established regulations setting forth guidelines relating to volatile organic compounds that may be released into the atmosphere. To reduce the level of volatile organic compounds, new high solids coating compositions have been developed as well as powder coating compositions that do not include volatile compounds, have a reduced concentration of volatile compounds, or incorporate compounds having a lower volatility. Reducing the volatility of coalescents, solvents, plasticizers, etc. can adversely affect the balance of properties needed in a latex-based coating composition, however. Thus, there is a need for coalescents, solvents, plasticizers, etc. that can be used in coating compositions, such as paints, that do not compromise stability, compatibility, film formation ability, or the desirable properties of the applied coating, etc.
- The present invention provides a class of compounds that have a relatively low volatile organic content. Such compounds can be used in coating compositions, preferably paints, as coalescing agents, solvents, plasticizers, etc. A suitable coalescent is dispersible in the coating composition, which is preferably stable over time. Preferably, the compound, when used as a coalescent, facilitates the formation of polymer films of the latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (more preferably, at about 4° C. to about 10° C., and most preferably, at about 4° C. to about 5° C.). Thus, there is provided a coating composition that includes a latex polymer and a coalescent (which can also function as a solvent or a plasticizer). Such coating compositions can be coated onto a substrate and dried, as with a paint, for example.
- In one embodiment, a coating composition (preferably, a paint) includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: R1 is an organic group (preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms); X is a divalent organic group (preferably, having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably, 3 to 5 carbon atoms); r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10 (preferably, n is 1 to 5, more preferably, n is 1 to 3, and most preferably, n is 2 to 3); and R2 is hydrogen or an organic group (preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms); with the proviso that R1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH2)s— wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent has less than two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero (preferably, the coalescent does not include aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero, and more preferably, the coalescent does not include aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds); wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%, more preferably, less than about 20%, and most preferably, less than about 15%) and is dispersible in the coating composition. Preferably, r is one.
- In another embodiment, a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: R1 is an organic group; X is a divalent organic group; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R2 is hydrogen or an organic group; with the proviso that R1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH2)s— wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent does not include aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds; with the proviso that r is one when R2 is H; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50%, is dispersible in the coating composition, and facilitates the formation of polymer films of the latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 10° C., and more preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 5° C.).
- In another embodiment, a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: R1 has the formula R3—(CH2)m—(O(CH2)p)q— wherein R3 is an alkyl or aryl group, m is 0 to 24, p is 1 to 4, and q is 0 to 50; X has the formula —(CH2)s—, wherein s is 2 to 8; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R2 is hydrogen or R1; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50%, is dispersible in the coating composition, and facilitates the formation of polymer films of the latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 10° C., and more preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 5° C.).
- In yet another embodiment, a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R1—(C(O)—X—O)n—H wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; X is a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygen atoms and carbonyl groups; and n is 1 to 10; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%) and is dispersible in the coating composition.
- In still another embodiment, a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R1—(C(O)—X—O)n—H wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; X has the formula —(CH2)s—, wherein s is 2 to 8; and n is 1 to 10; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%) and is dispersible in the coating composition.
- In another embodiment, a coating composition includes: a latex polymer; and a coalescent having the formula: R1—(C(O)—X—O)n—H wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens; X is an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens and carbonyl groups; and n is 1 to 10; wherein the coalescent has a volatile organic content of less than about 50% (preferably, less than about 30%) and is dispersible in the coating composition.
- The present invention also provides methods of coating that include: providing a coating composition as described herein; applying the coating composition to a substrate (e.g., wall); and allowing the coating composition to dry.
- The term “dispersible” in the context of a dispersible coalescent means that the coalescent can be mixed into the coating composition to form a uniform mixture without the use of high shear mixing.
- The term “stable” in the context of a coating composition containing a dispersible coalescent means that the coalescent does not phase separate from the coating composition upon standing at 120° F. (49° C.) for four weeks.
- The terms “volatile organic content” and “VOC” herein mean the volatility of the compound as measured by ASTM method D2369-90.
- The term “organic group” means a hydrocarbon (i.e., hydrocarbyl) group with optional elements other than carbon and hydrogen in the chain, such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon that is classified as an aliphatic group, cyclic group, or combination of aliphatic and cyclic groups (e.g., alkaryl and aralkyl groups). The term “aliphatic group” means a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group. This term is used to encompass alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, for example. The term “alkyl group” means a saturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group including, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, heptyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and the like. The term “alkenyl group” means an unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as a vinyl group. The term “alkynyl group” means an unsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon group with one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. The term “cyclic group” means a closed ring hydrocarbon group that is classified as an alicyclic group, aromatic group, or heterocyclic group. The term “alicyclic group” means a cyclic hydrocarbon group having properties resembling those of aliphatic groups. The term “aromatic group” or “aryl group” means a mono- or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon group. The term “heterocyclic group” means a closed ring hydrocarbon in which one or more of the atoms in the ring is an element other than carbon (e.g., nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, etc.).
- Substitution is anticipated on the organic groups of the coalescents used in the coating compositions of the present invention. As a means of simplifying the discussion and recitation of certain terminology used throughout this application, the terms “group” and “moiety” are used to differentiate between chemical species that allow for substitution or that may be substituted and those that do not allow or may not be so substituted. Thus, when the term “group” is used to describe a chemical substituent, the described chemical material includes the unsubstituted group and that group with O, N, Si, or S atoms, for example, in the chain (as in an alkoxy group) as well as carbonyl groups or other conventional substitution. Where the term “moiety” is used to describe a chemical compound or substituent, only an unsubstituted chemical material is intended to be included. For example, the phrase “alkyl group” is intended to include not only pure open chain saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, and the like, but also alkyl substituents bearing further substituents known in the art, such as hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, halogen atoms, cyano, nitro, amino, carboxyl, etc. Thus, “alkyl group” includes ether groups, haloalkyls, nitroalkyls, carboxyalkyls, hydroxyalkyls, sulfoalkyls, etc. On the other hand, the phrase “alkyl moiety” is limited to the inclusion of only pure open chain saturated hydrocarbon alkyl substituents, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, t-butyl, and the like. The term “hydrocarbyl moiety” refers to unsubstituted organic moieties containing only hydrogen and carbon.
- The present invention is directed to coating compositions that include coalescents, which can optionally also function as plasticizers and/or solvents, and coatings prepared therefrom. Preferably, the coating compositions are in the form of paints. Preferably, such coating compositions include a polymer, preferably, a latex polymer, in addition to one or more coalescents. The coalescent is dispersible in the coating composition which is preferably stable over time (i.e., the coalescent does not phase separate from the coating composition upon standing at 49° C. for four weeks).
- The coating compositions of the present invention are advantageous in that they have a relatively low volatile organic content without sacrificing the balance of properties desired for an applied (i.e., dry) coating, such as a paint. For example, the coating compositions of the present invention provide an applied coating having a preferred scrub resistance, as determined by the test set forth in the Examples Section herein below, of at least about that of TEXANOL, which is an alcohol/ester made from trimethylpentane diol and isobutyric acid ((H3C)2—CH—C(O)—O—CH2—C(CH3)2—CH2(OH)—CH(CH3)2).
- Preferably, the coating compositions include a compound having a relatively low volatile organic content (VOC), and more preferably, a relatively low molecular weight. Typically, the volatile organic content, as determined by the test set forth in the Examples Section herein below, is no greater than about 50%, preferably, no greater than about 30%, more preferably, no greater than about 20%, and most preferably, no greater than about 15%, based on the original weight of the coalesent. Preferably, the number average molecular weight of such compounds is no greater than about 750, and more preferably, less than about 500.
- Preferably, such compounds are good coalescents. That is, they preferably and advantageously provide good film forming properties for a latex polymer. More preferably, a particularly desirable group of compounds are those that provide good film forming properties at low temperatures (e.g., below room temperature), as determined by the test set forth in the Examples Section herein below. Preferably, such compounds facilitate the formation of polymer films of a latex polymer at a temperature of less than about 25° C. (more preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 10° C., and most preferably, at a temperature of about 4° C. to about 5° C.).
- Preferably, such low VOC compounds are of the formula R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: n is 1 to 10; R1 is an organic group, preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms, and more preferably, having 3 to 24 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen or an organic group, preferably, having less than 100 carbon atoms; and X is a divalent organic group, preferably, having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably, 3 to 5 carbon atoms; and r is 0 to 1. Preferably, n is 1 to 5, more preferably, n is 1 to 3, and most preferably, n is 2 to 3.
- Preferably, R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety, although for certain preferred embodiments R1 is an organic group that includes substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof, more preferably, substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof, and most preferably, nonperoxidic oxygen atoms. For certain embodiments, R1 has the formula R3—(CH2)m—(O(CH2)p)q— wherein R3 is an alkyl or aryl group, m is 0 to 24, p is 1 to 4 (preferably, p is 1 to 2), and q is 0 to 50. In this preferred formulation for R1, m+pq is preferably less than about 23.
- Preferably, X is a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety, although for certain preferred embodiments, X is an organic group that includes substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, carbonyl groups, and combinations thereof, and more preferably, nonperoxidic oxygen atoms and carbonyl groups. For certain embodiments, X has the formula —(CH2)s— wherein s is 2 to 8, and preferably, s is 3 to 5.
- For certain embodiments, X includes unsaturation. Preferably, X includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond. A preferred example of such a compound is bis(2-ethylhexyl)maleate (i.e., dioctyl maleate), which is available from commercial sources such as Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
- Preferably, R2 is hydrogen, although for certain preferred embodiments R2 is R1 as defined above. For certain embodiments, r is one, preferably when R2 is hydrogen.
- For certain embodiments, R1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH2)s— wherein s is 2 to 8; and R1 and R2 together (i.e., the coating composition) include less than two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero, preferably, R1 and R2 together (i.e., the coating composition) do not include any aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero, and more preferably, R1 and R2 together (i.e., the coating composition) do not include any aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds.
- For certain embodiments, R1 is an organic group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms and substituents selected from the group of oxygen atoms, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; and R2 is hydrogen.
- A preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: R1 is an organic group; X is a divalent organic group; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R2 is hydrogen or an organic group; with the proviso that R1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH2)s— wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent has less than two aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds when r is zero. Such compounds can be made from caprolactone and an alcohol, for example.
- Another preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: R1 is an organic group; X is a divalent organic group; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R2 is hydrogen or an organic group; with the proviso that R1 includes at least three carbon atoms when X is not —(CH2)s— wherein s is 2 to 8; with the proviso that the coalescent does not include aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds; with the proviso that r is one when R2 is hydrogen.
- Another preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2 wherein: R1 has the formula R3—(CH2)m—(O(CH2)p)q— wherein R3 is an alkyl or aryl group, m is 0 to 24, p is 1 to 4, and q is 0 to 50; X has the formula —(CH2)s—, wherein s is 2 to 8; r is 0 to 1; n is 1 to 10; and R2 is hydrogen or R1.
- Another preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R1—(C(O)—X—O)n—H wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; X is a divalent hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygen atoms and carbonyl groups; and n is 1 to 10. Such compounds can be made from a glycidyl ester of neodecanoic acid (e.g. CARDURA E10) and a carboxylic acid, for example. Another preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R1—(C(O)—X—O)n—H wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing substituents selected from the group of nonperoxidic oxygen atoms, hydroxyl groups, and combinations thereof; X has the formula —(CH2)s—, wherein s is 2 to 8; and n is 1 to 10.
- Another preferred group of such compounds have the formula: R1—(C(O)—X—O)n—H wherein: R1 is a hydrocarbyl moiety or an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens; X is an organic group containing nonperoxidic oxygens and carbonyl groups; and n is 1 to 10.
- These compounds can be formed using standard organic synthesis techniques, which are well known to one of skill in the art. Specific syntheses are set forth in the Examples Section herein below.
- The preferred polymers of the coating compositions of the present invention include latex polymers (i.e., latices). These are well known in the paint art and are typically particles emulsified or suspended in an aqueous medium. They include, for example, the polymerization products of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as alkyl and alkoxy acrylates or methacrylates, vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids, monoolefins, conjugated dienes, optionally with one or more monomers, such as, for example, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, and vinyl chloride. The latex polymers can have a wide range of glass transition temperatures, depending on the desired properties of the resultant coating.
- The amount of polymers and the low VOC compounds (e.g., coalescents) present in the coating compositions of the present invention include an amount that provides the desired result. Preferably, one or more relatively low VOC compounds, which preferably function as coalescents, are present in a coating composition in an amount of at least about 1 percent by weight (wt-%), more preferably, at least about 2 wt-%, and most preferably, at least about 5 wt-%, based on polymer solids. Preferably, one or more relatively low VOC compounds are present in a coating composition in an amount of no greater than about 50 wt-%, and more preferably, no greater than about 25 wt-%, based on polymer solids. When mixtures of such coalescents are used, the numerical values of the variables in the formulas described herein are averages.
- Other components of the coating compositions of the present invention include those typically used in paint formulations, such as pigments, fillers, thickeners, biocides, mildewcides, surfactants, dispersants, defoamers, and the like. The coating compositions can be made using standard techniques known in the paint industry.
- The following examples are offered to aid in understanding of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.
- Testing of coalescents were performed using ASTM method D2369-90. Approximately 0.5 gram (g) of coalescent was weighed into an aluminum weighing dish and placed in a forced air oven at 110° C. for 1 hour. The dish was then reweighed and the mass lost represents the percent (%) VOC of the coalescent.
- The coating was drawn down on a black vinyl scrub test chart (available from the Leneta Company) with a standard 3-mil (0.0762 millimeter (mm)) Bird film applicator (available from Byk Gardner). The film was allowed to dry at room temperature for 7 days. Scrub resistance was measured with a Gardner Abrasion Tester (available from Byk Gardner) using 10 g of scrub media. The number of cycles until the coating film was first removed was recorded.
- The coating was drawn down on a Penopac paper chart (available from the Leneta Company) with a standard 3-mil Bird film applicator. The chart was then put in the refrigerator at 40° F. (4.4° C.) until dry. Coating films that did not exhibit any cracking were determined to pass. Any cracking of the film was considered a failure.
- Epsilon-caprolactone (2-oxepanone) (174 g), 1-dodecanol (173 g), and
- FASCAT 2003 (stannous octoate, available from Atofina Chemicals) (0.2 g) were charged to a 4-neck 500-mL round bottom flask fitted with mechanical stirring. The contents of the flask was heated to 150° C. and held until the free caprolactone level was below 0.5% as measured by GC (approximately four hours), then cooled to room temperature.
- Runs 2-20. Preparation of Coalescents
- A variety of coalescents were prepared following the procedure of Example 1, Run 1, with the exception that the 174 g caprolactone was varied according to the amount listed in Table 1A, and the 173 g of 1-dodecanol used in Example 1, Run 1 was replaced with the alcohol and amount listed in Table 1A.
-
TABLE 1A caprolactone (grams)/ alcohol Molar Ratio Run Alcohol (grams) Caprolactone:Alcohol % VOC 1 1-dodecanol 174/173 1.64:1 7.0% 2 1-dodecanol 200/163 2:1 6.0% 3 1-dodecanol 225/147 2.5:1 4.0% 4 1-dodecanol 240/130.5 3:1 3.0% 5 1-dodecanol 265/108 4:1 2.0% 6 benzyl alcohol 228/108 2:1 9.0% 7 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 196/140 1.7:1 15% 3-pentane diol (TMPD) 8 2-ethylhexanol, 157/200 1.5:1 10% 2 mol EO 9 2-amino-2- 228/71.2 2.5:1 3.0% methyl-1- propanol (AMP-95) 10 1-hexanol 228/81.8 2.5:1 5.0% 11 2-butoxyethanol 228/94.4 2.5:1 8.0% (butyl cellosolve) 12 1-butanol 228/74.1 2.5:1 7.0% 13 2(2- 228/129.8 2.5:1 9.0% butoxyethoxy) ethanol (butyl carbitol) 14 1-octanol 228/104.2 2.5:1 5.0% 15 2-propxyethanol 228/83.2 2.5:1 9.0% (propyl cellosolve) 16 1-propanol 228/48 2.5:1 11.0% 17 2-butyl-2ethyl-1,3 174/98 2.5:1 3.5% propanediol 18 1,3-butanediol 228/72 2.5:1 3.0% 19 2-methoxyethanol 228/60.8 2.5:1 7.0% (methyl cellosolve) 20 2-ethoxyethanol 228/72.1 2.5:1 7.5% (cellosolve) *TEXANOL is 99.5% VOC by this method - Run 1. Preparation of Coalescent from Cardura E10
- CARDURA E10 (glycidyl ester of neodecanoic acid, available from Shell Chemical) (228 g) was charged to a 4-neck 500-mL round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirring. The flask was heated to 140° C. and 88 g isobutyric acid was fed into the flask over 90 minutes. The contents of the flask were held at 140° C. for 2 hours and cooled to room temperature.
- A variety of coalescents were prepared following the procedure of Example 2, Run 1, with the exception that the 88 g of isobutyric acid used in Example 2, Run 1 was replaced with the acid listed in Table 2A.
-
TABLE 2A Amount Run Acid (Grams) % VOC 1 Isobutyric acid 88 7.0% 2 Acetic acid 60 9.0% 3 Propionic acid 74 10.0% - Various coating compositions were prepared by mixing the ingredients listed in Table 3A. For each composition the coalescent is as described in Examples 1 and 2.
-
TABLE 3A Material Description Grams Water 62.0 Ethylene glycol 35.0 AMP-95 Amine, Angus 1.0 TAMOL 731 Dispersant, Rohm&Haas 10.0 DEHYDRAN 1620 Defoamer, Cognis 1.0 RCL-535 TiO2, Millennium 245.0 KATHON LX 1.5% Biocide, Rohm&Haas 1.7 Emulsion polymer 453 Ammonium 2.0 hydroxide Coalescent 26.3 Ethylene glycol 20.9 SURFYNOL 504 Surfactant, Air Products 1.0 ACRYSOL RM- Thickener, Rohm&Haas 4.0 2020NPR ACRYSOL RM-6 Thickener, Rohm&Haas 31.0 FOAMASTER SA-3 Defoamer, Cognis 3.5 Water 156.0 -
TABLE 3B Exam- Scrub ple 1, Molar Ratio (relative to Run Alcohol Caprolactone:Alcohol TEXANOL) LTC 1 1-dodecanol 1.7:1 1.27 Pass 2 1-dodecanol 2:1 1.09 Pass 3 1-dodecanol 2.5:1 Pass 4 1-dodecanol 3:1 1.07 Pass 5 1-dodecanol 4:1 0.71 Pass 6 Benzyl alcohol 2:1 Pass 7 2,2,4-Trimethyl- 1.7:1 0.81 Pass 1,3-pentane diol (TMPD) 8 2-ethylhexanol, 1.5:1 0.96 Pass 2 mol EO 9 2-amino-2- 2.5:1 Fail methyl-1- propanol (AMP- 95) 10 1-hexanol 2.5:1 1.10 Pass 11 2-butoxyethanol 2.5:1 1.35 Pass (butyl cellosolve) 12 1-butanol 2.5:1 1.27 Pass 13 2(2- 2.5:1 Pass butoxyethoxy) ethanol (butyl carbitol) 14 1-octanol 2.5:1 Pass 15 2-propxyethanol 2.5:1 Pass (propyl cellosolve) 16 1-propanol 2.5:1 Pass 17 2-butyl-2ethyl-1,3 2.5:1 Pass propanediol 18 1,3-butanediol 2.5:1 Fail 19 2-methoxyethanol 2.5:1 Pass (methyl cellosolve) 20 2-ethoxyethanol 2.5:1 Pass (cellosolve) TEXANOL LTC: Pass, Scrub = 1.0 -
TABLE 3C Example 2, Run Acid LTC 1 Isobutyric acid Pass 2 Acetic acid Pass 3 Propionic acid Pass -
TABLE 3D Example 3, Compound VOC LTC Isodecyl benzoate 15% Pass Bis(2-ethylhexyl) 0.6% Pass adipate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) 3% Pass maleate - Having thus described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the teachings found herein may be applied to yet other embodiments within the scope of the claims hereto attached. The complete disclosure of all patents, patent documents, and publications are incorporated herein by reference as if individually incorporated.
Claims (21)
R1—(C(O)—O)—R2
R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2
R1—(C(O)—Xr—O)n—R2
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20120035310A9 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
US20170096567A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
US7812079B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
US20050032954A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
US8440752B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 |
US20100317783A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US8110624B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
US20120136099A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
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