US20130199362A1 - Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor - Google Patents
Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor Download PDFInfo
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- US20130199362A1 US20130199362A1 US13/589,412 US201213589412A US2013199362A1 US 20130199362 A1 US20130199362 A1 US 20130199362A1 US 201213589412 A US201213589412 A US 201213589412A US 2013199362 A1 US2013199362 A1 US 2013199362A1
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- cylinder block
- shaft
- yoke
- spindle
- bearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F01B3/0032—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2035—Cylinder barrels
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/594,091 entitled “BENT AXIS VARIABLE DELIVERY INLINE DRIVE AXIAL PISTON PUMP AND/OR MOTOR” filed on Feb. 2, 2012, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The present invention relates to an axial piston device and, in particular, to an axial piston pump and/or motor device including inline drive and a bent axis.
- Known fluid axial piston pumps, e.g., as may be employed as hydraulic pumps, fall into two fundamentally and distinctly different categories: a bent axis axial piston pump or an inline drive axial piston pump.
- A rotating type of axial piston pump has a rotatable cylinder block or cylinder barrel having a plurality of parallel cylinders arranged in an axial circular array therein which is rotatable about its central axis. Each cylinder has a reciprocating piston therein that is driven (as explained below) to move in an axial direction through one complete reciprocation cycle within the cylinder with each 360° rotation of the cylinder block. One flat end face of the cylinder block abuts a flat valving surface of a valve plate that has a curved inlet passage coupled to an inlet port and a curved outlet passage coupled to an outlet port. The cylinder block is rotated relative to the valve plate to operate the pistons and to cause the pumping action of the cylinders to pump fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port. The cylinder block is driven by a shaft and disk that is located at the end of the cylinder block remote from the end that abuts the valve plate, wherein the disk is mechanically connected to the pistons to cause reciprocating movement thereof as the cylinder block rotates.
- Each of the curved passages in the valve plate has an opening or slot in the shape of a partial circular arc of less than 180° at the flat valving surface of the valve plate so as to be in fluid communication with the open ends of the cylinders at the flat end face of the cylinder block for less than 180° of rotation of the cylinder block. Each cylinder is thus in fluid communication with the inlet passage during less than 180° of rotation of the cylinder block and is in fluid communication with the outlet passage during less than 180° of rotation of the cylinder block, as it moves along a circle abutting the valving surface of the valve plate.
- Each piston is actuated reciprocally so as to be moving away from the valve plate when its cylinder is open to the inlet passage, thereby to draw fluid into the cylinder, and to be moving toward the valve plate when its cylinder is open to the outlet passage, thereby to expel fluid out of the cylinder. Thus, fluid in the inlet passage is drawn into the cylinders from the inlet passage and is expelled from the cylinders into the outlet passage, thereby producing the desired flow by the pumping of fluid from the inlet port to the outlet port. The volume of fluid pumped is substantially proportional to the displacement of the cylinders and the rate of rotation of the cylinder block.
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FIG. 1 includesFIGS. 1A and 1B which are cross-sectional views taken 90° rotationally apart of an example embodiment of a conventional bent axisaxial piston pump 900. Therein, arotatable drive shaft 910 rotates in ahousing 920 about anaxis 912 that is offset at an angle relative to therotation axis 932 of thecylinder block 930 and has adrive disk 940 that is affixed perpendicular to therotational axis 912 of thedrive shaft 910 and rotates therewith. Thedrive disk 940 has a circular array of sockets 942 in which are retained connecting rods 952 of thepistons 950 in thecylinder block 930 so that thedrive shaft 910,drive disk 940 andcylinder block 930 all rotate together. Because thedrive shaft 910 is at an angle α relative to thecylinder block 930, the piston rods 952 andpistons 950 are driven in reciprocating manner by rotation of thedrive shaft 910,drive disk 940 andcylinder block 930 therewith, and the distance eachpiston 950 moves is related to the angle α. Typically, a universal joint or link may be provided between the end of thedrive shaft 910 and thecylinder block 930, e.g., at or near the intersection of theirrespective axes cylinder block 930. - Fluid moves through
pump 900 via fluid passages inyoke 960 and aport plate 970 thereon adjacent to the rotatingcylinder block 930. The bearings pivotably supportingyoke 960 typically includeseals 924 allowing relative pivoting rotation between the fluid passages ofyoke 960 and those offluid ports 922 ofhousing 920. The pivotable parts ofpump 900 includingcylinder block 930,yoke 960 andport plate 970 are relatively larger and heavier parts ofpump 900 and so tend to be difficult to move (pivot) quickly or easily.Drive shaft 910 is typically supported by one ormore bearings 914 andseals 916 for enabling the rotation thereof. - Where the angle α between the
drive disk 940 and thecylinder block 930 is fixed, so is the movement and displacement of thepistons 950, and the pumping volume. However, if thedrive shaft 910 anddrive disk 940 are mounted on a movablepivoted yoke 960 so that the angle α between thedrive shaft 910 and thecylinder block 930 can be changed, then by varying the angle α the magnitude of the reciprocating movement of thepistons 950 may be changed and avariable displacement pump 900 may be obtained. When thedrive shaft 910 andcylinder block 930 are aligned, e.g., angle α is zero, thepistons 950 do not reciprocate and so no fluid is pumped. Because the displacement varies as the sine of angle α, a larger angle α produces a greater displacement ofpistons 950 and a greater pumped volume at a givencylinder block 930 rotation rate. - While the bent axis
axial piston pump 900 is very efficient and was the dominant type of hydraulic pump employed, e.g., in aircraft for many years, one disadvantage of the bent axisaxial piston pump 900 is that the rotating group including the entire assembly ofdrive shaft 910 anddrive disk 940 must be moved by thepivoted yoke 960 to effect variable displacement. As a result, bent axisaxial piston pumps 900 tend to be large and heavy, and to be difficult to make as a variable delivery pump. The angle α represents the maximum angle α that can practically be utilized in a fixed displacement bent axis pump, e.g., about 40° and the maximum change in angle α in a variable displacement bent axis pump is about 28°-30°. Moreover the rotating fluid seals 924 between the fluid passages ofyoke 960 andhousing 920 may become a source of leaks of the fluid which may be pumped under relatively high pressure. For these reasons, despite its inherent high pumping efficiency, the conventional variable displacement bent axis axial pump has been superceded, at least in aircraft and aerospace applications, by the smaller and lighter conventional inline drive axial configuration pump, albeit at lower pumping and mechanical efficiencies. -
FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view of an example embodiment of a conventional inline driveaxial piston pump 800 which was introduced about in the mid-1960's. Therein, arotatable drive shaft 810 rotates about anaxis 812 that is coaxial with the rotation axis 81 of thecylinder block 830 and rotates therewith, and includes anon-rotating swash plate 840 that is angled relative to the axis of thedrive shaft 810. Theswash plate 840 has arotatable drive disk 844 thereon having a circular array ofsockets 842 in which are retained the connecting rods (also known as shoes or slippers) 852 of thepistons 850 which move reciprocally in bores in thecylinder block 830 so that thedrive shaft 810, drivedisk 844 andcylinder block 830 all rotate together. Because thedrive disk 844 andswash plate 840 swivel together and are at an angle relative to thecylinder block 830, thepistons 850 are driven in reciprocating manner by rotation of thedrive shaft 810 and thecylinder block 830 therewith, and the distance eachpiston 850 moves is related to the angle thatswash plate 840 is offset from being perpendicular to theaxis 812 ofdrive shaft 810. Thedrive shaft 810 and thecylinder block 830 are coaxial and so may be directly coupled mechanically. However, the sliding action of piston shoes/slippers 852 in the receptacles ofswash plate 840 tends to produce stick-slip friction that precludes operation at low speeds and reduces efficiency. - Where the angle between the
drive disk 844 and thecylinder block 830 is fixed, so is the displacement of thepistons 850, and the pumping volume. However, if thedrive disk 844 is mounted on a movablepivoted swash plate 840 so that the angle between thedrive disk 844 and thecylinder block 830 can be changed, then by varying that angle the magnitude of the reciprocating movement of thepistons 850 may be changed and avariable displacement pump 800 may be obtained pumping fluid between inlet andoutlet ports 822. When theswash plate 840 anddrive disk 844 are perpendicular to thedrive shaft 810, e.g., angle is zero, thepistons 850 do not reciprocate and so no fluid is pumped. Because the displacement varies as the sine of the angle between thedrive disk 844 and thecylinder block 830, a larger angle produces a greater displacement and a greater pumped volume at a givencylinder block 830 rotation rate. - While the inline
axial piston pump 800 can be compact in size relative to a comparable bent-axis piston pump, disadvantages of the inlineaxial piston pump 800 include lower pumping and mechanical efficiency than the bent axis piston pump, that the inline drive piston pump can be run in only one direction, cannot be operated over center, cannot be operated as both a pump and a motor, and cannot be operated at low speed. The maximum angle that the drive disk can be swiveled from perpendicular has for many years been limited to about 18° from perpendicular which limits the maximum displacement this type of pump can provide; even with recent advances that allow that angle to be increased to about 21°, the displacement is still limited. The conventional inline axial structure cannot be run over center and so cannot be reversed. - Thus, existing axial piston pumps all suffer from a limitation in capacity due to the practical limitation of the maximum angle permissible between the cylinder block and the drive disk and/or swash plate. It would be desirable to have an axial piston device, e.g., a pump and/or motor, that is operable with a greater angle, which would yield a reduction in weight and size to produce a given flow. Further, it would also be desirable to provide an axial piston device or machine that could provide inherently lower losses leading to higher pumping and mechanical efficiencies. In addition, it would be desirable to have an axial piston device or machine that is not limited by having the drive shaft at the opposite end from the inlet and outlet ports and/or that has a pivoted structure that is of reduced size and/or mass to obtain variable displacement, and therefore provides faster response, e.g., in changing displacement.
- Applicant believes there is a need for an axial piston pump and/or motor that is not subject to one or more of the foregoing limitations.
- Accordingly, a bent axis, variable displacement inline drive device may comprise: a port plate having fluid passages therein; a cylinder block rotatably mounted adjacent the port plate and having an array of axial cylinders having openings adjacent the port plate located to be in alternating fluid communication with the fluid passages; a rotatable shaft coupled through an opening in the port plate to the cylinder block for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinders of the cylinder block for reciprocating motion therein, each piston having a connecting rod extending from an end of the cylinder block; a rotatable spindle having receptacles for receiving the connecting rods; a pivotable yoke having the spindle rotatably mounted thereon, whereby the spindle and plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinder block are connected by the connecting rods for rotating together, the yoke being pivotable for angling the spindle relative to the cylinder block. The device may be employed as a pump, or as a motor, or as both a pump and a motor, and the yoke may be pivoted over center.
- According to another aspect, a bent axis, variable displacement inline drive pump device may comprise: a port plate having fluid passages therein; a cylinder block rotatably mounted adjacent the port plate and having an array of axial cylinders each having an opening adjacent the port plate to be in alternating fluid communication with the fluid passages; a rotatable shaft coupled through an opening in the port plate to the cylinder block for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinders of the cylinder block for reciprocating motion therein, each piston having a connecting rod extending therefrom; a rotatable spindle having receptacles for receiving the connecting rods; a pivotable yoke having the spindle rotatably mounted thereon, whereby the spindle and plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinder block are connected by the connecting rods for rotating together, the yoke being pivotable for angling the spindle relative to the cylinder block. The yoke may be pivoted over center.
- According to another aspect, a bent axis, variable displacement inline drive motor device may comprise: a port plate having fluid passages therein; a cylinder block rotatably mounted adjacent the port plate and having an array of axial cylinders therein each having an opening adjacent the port plate to be in alternating fluid communication with the fluid passages; a rotatable shaft coupled through an opening in the port plate to the cylinder block for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinders of the cylinder block for reciprocating motion therein, each piston having a connecting rod extending therefrom; a rotatable spindle having receptacles for receiving the connecting rods; a pivotable yoke having the spindle rotatably mounted thereon, whereby the spindle and plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinder block are connected for rotating together, the yoke being pivotable for angling the spindle relative to the cylinder block. The yoke may be pivoted over center.
- In another aspect, a bent axis, variable displacement inline drive device rotating group may comprise: a cylinder block rotatably mountable and having an array of axial cylinders each having an opening located to be in alternating fluid communication with fluid passage openings of a port plate; the cylinder block having a central opening for receiving a rotatable shaft, whereby a rotatable shaft may be coupled to the cylinder block through an opening in a port plate; a plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinders of the cylinder block for reciprocating motion therein, each piston having a connecting rod extending from an end of the cylinder block; a rotatable spindle having a circular array of receptacles for receiving the ends of the connecting rods; a pivotable yoke having the spindle rotatably mounted thereon for rotation, whereby the spindle and plurality of pistons are connected by the connecting rods for rotating together, the yoke being pivotable for angling the spindle relative to the cylinder block. The device rotating group may be employed as a pump, or as a motor, or as both a pump and a motor, and the yoke may be pivoted over center.
- The detailed description of the preferred embodiment(s) will be more easily and better understood when read in conjunction with the FIGURES of the Drawing which include:
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FIG. 1 includesFIGS. 1A and 1B which are cross-sectional views taken 90° rotationally apart of an example embodiment of a conventional bent axis axial piston pump; -
FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an example embodiment of a conventional inline drive axial piston pump; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and motor according to the present arrangement, with the housing thereof illustrated as transparent to reveal interior parts; -
FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing rotating components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and motor, andFIG. 3B is a perspective view of an example port plate therefor; -
FIG. 4 is a side view of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and motor, with the housing thereof illustrated as transparent to reveal interior parts; -
FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and motor; -
FIG. 5A is an enlarged side cross-sectional view of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and motor showing certain details of the yoke assembly thereof; -
FIG. 6 includesFIGS. 6A-6G which are a series of partially transparent perspective views showing rotating and movable components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston device employed as a pump with the yoke thereof moved to different angular positions; -
FIG. 7 includesFIGS. 7A-7G which are a series of partially transparent perspective views showing rotating and movable components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston device employed as a motor with the yoke thereof moved to different angular positions; -
FIG. 8 includesFIGS. 8A and 8B which are schematic diagrams representing a parallel and a series configured, respectively, kinetic energy recovery systems and/or hydraulic hybrid drive systems, and -
FIG. 9 includesFIGS. 9A-9H which are a series of partially transparent perspective views showing rotating and movable components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston device employed as a pump and motor in a kinetic energy recovery system and/or in a hydraulic hybrid drive system, with the yoke thereof moved to different angular positions in different ones ofFIGS. 9A-9H . - In the Drawing, where an element or feature is shown in more than one drawing figure, the same alphanumeric designation may be used to designate such element or feature in each figure, and where a closely related or modified element is shown in a figure, the same alphanumerical designation may be primed to designate the modified element or feature. According to common practice, the various features of the drawing are not to scale, and the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity, and any value stated in any Figure is by way of example only.
- A bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or
motor 100 according to the present arrangement differs substantially from both a conventional bent-axis axial piston pump and from a conventional inline drive axial piston pump. In the present arrangement, pump and/ormotor device 100 has its drive connection at theport plate 120 end thereof, and not at the drive plate or swash plate end as in conventional bent-axis axial piston pumps and conventional inline drive axial piston pumps. Thus, whendevice 100 is employed as apump 100, the driving device, e.g., an electric orother motor 175, is connected at theport plate 120 end and is fixedly mounted, and whendevice 100 is employed as amotor 100, theoutput drive shaft 170 is at theport plate 120 end and may be fixedly connected to a driven load. Ifdevice 100 is employed as both a pump and a motor, both the input drive and the output to a load are connected atshaft 170. Because theyoke 160 ofdevice 100 can be operated “over center,” i.e. at both positive and negative angles relative to the rotational axis ofcylinder block 130, thedevice 100 can be run in both directions and can be operated both as a motor and as a pump. Also, because the internal friction is rolling friction and not stick-slip friction,device 100 can be operated at low speed and with high mechanical efficiency. - In addition, the
rotating cylinder block 130 is inline with the drive shaft, whilst theyoke 160 andspindle 150 are in a bent axis configuration and are the only parts that must be pivoted for providing variable delivery (variable displacement), thereby enabling a reduced size (volume) while retaining certain efficiency advantages of a bent axis arrangement because the drive shaft and drive motor or load connection are at theport plate 120 end and need not be pivoted. Moreover, thepivotable yoke 160 andspindle 150 of thepresent device 100 have lower inertia and so can be pivoted more easily and more quickly, beneficially improving the response ofdevice 100 to allow for faster changes in delivery volume. - Because
device 100 is operable over yoke angles of at least about ±30° it can provide greater displacement, e.g., greater fluid flow, than a conventional bent axis pump or a conventional inline drive pump of comparable size. A conventional inline drive axial pump is not able to provide over center operation of a yoke as doesdevice 100. - Thus, a
device 100 may be employed as a pump or as a motor, or as both a pump and a motor, and in either or both uses can utilize over-center operation ofyoke 160 to provide a reversible variable delivery (variable displacement)pump 100 and/or a reversible variable delivery (variable displacement)motor 100. In other words, whendevice 100 is employed as a pump, the direction of fluid flow produced bypump 100 can be reversed by pivotingyoke 160 without changing the direction of rotation of itsdrive shaft 170, and whendevice 100 is employed as a motor, the direction of rotation ofdrive shaft 170 can be reversed by pivotingyoke 160 without changing the direction of the flow of driving fluid throughport plate 120. - Still further, the
unique piston rod 140,spindle 150 andyoke 160 arrangement ofdevice 100 can provide a pump and/ormotor 100 of smaller size and weight, which is an advantage usually associated with an inline drive axial piston pump, and also with higher volumetric and torque efficiency, which is an advantage usually associated with a bent axis axial piston pump. -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example embodiment of a bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/ormotor 100 according to the present arrangement, with thehousing FIG. 3A is a perspective view showing rotating components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/ormotor 100, andFIG. 3B is a perspective view of anexample port plate 110 therefor.Device 100 comprises anon-rotating port plate 110 havingfluid passages openings fluid ports 120, typically located about 180° apart radially, through which fluid enters and leavesdevice 100.Port plate 110 has twofluid passages port opening ports 120 and having anarcuate chamber cylinder seat surface 116 to whichports 133 ofcylinders 132 ofrotating cylinder block 130 come into fluid communication for less than 180° of each 360° rotation ofcylinder block 130.Port plate 110 is disposed in a cavity inhousing 180, e.g., in thecentral portion 184 thereof, wherein its fluid passages are in fluid communication withports 120.Port plate 110 has acentral opening 115 through whichshaft 170 passes and is free to rotate. -
Cylinder block 130 rotates relative toport plate 110 about anaxis 102 that is perpendicular toport plate 110 and is coaxial with therotational drive axis 102 ofdrive shaft 170.Shaft 170 extends throughhousing 180 andseals 172 andbearings 174 therein, through opening 115 ofport plate 110 intocylinder block 130. Typically,cylinder block 130 has a central opening into which the end ofshaft 170 extends and engagescylinder block 130, e.g., by the engaging ofrespective splines 171, one or more keys and slots, or otherphysical features 171 thereof. Thus,cylinder block 130 engagesshaft 170 and rotates therewith. Preferably,shaft 170 andcylinder block 130 are closely connected and rotate as a unit that is supported radially at two places, e.g., by a spaced apart pair ofbearings -
Cylinder block 130 has a plurality ofaxial cylinders 132 therein, eachcylinder 132 preferably having acylinder port 133 at one end thereof that comes into fluid communication with each of the two fluid passages ofport plate 110 alternatingly ascylinder block 130 rotates. Preferably,cylinder block 130 has an odd number ofcylinders 142, typically either 7, 9 or 11 cylinders, and preferably 9 cylinders. In eachcylinder 132 ofcylinder block 130 is apiston 142 that is movable axially therein and that has a connectingrod 140 connected at one end thereof. As eachpiston 142 moves away fromport plate 110 fluid flows from one fluid passage ofport plate 110 into thecylinder 132 containing thatpiston 142, and as eachpiston 142 moves towardport plate 110 fluid flows from thecylinder 132 into the other fluid passage ofport plate 110, so that for each rotation ofcylinder block 130, eachpiston 142 makes one reciprocating cycle during which fluid moves from one fluid passage ofport plate 110 into the other fluid passage, and thereby between oneport 120 and theother port 120. Ifdevice 100 is being employed as apump 100, then thepistons 142 which are driven synchronously with the rotation ofcylinder block 130 reciprocate to move (pump) the fluid. If, however,device 100 is being employed as amotor 100, then the fluid is moved under pressure throughports 120 andport plate 110 to drive thepistons 142 in reciprocating movement thereby to impart rotary motion tocylinder block 130. -
Device 100 has a housing typically provided by two or more housing parts, e.g., ashaft housing 180 and ayoke housing 190 that may be mated and attached at their respective mounting plates or flanges, e.g., by a plurality of fasteners.Port plate 110 and at least part ofcylinder block 130 typically reside inshaft housing 180 through which passes adrive shaft 170 that provides a mechanical connection betweencylinder block 130 and either a drive source, e.g., amotor 175, whendevice 100 is utilized as a pump, or a load whendevice 100 is utilized as a fluid driven motor. Thus,cylinder block 130 and driveshaft 170 are in an inline drive-like configuration, however, in thisconfiguration drive shaft 170 passes through adrive opening 115 inport plate 110 and does not connect to or support a drive plate or a swash plate. - A
pivotable yoke 160 and arotatable spindle 150 that is rotatable onyoke 160 typically reside inyoke housing 190.Yoke spindle 150 rotates withcylinder block 130 and pivots (or swivels) withyoke 160.Yoke 160 typically includes a generally circular yoke plate 160P on which spindle 150 is rotatably mounted and a pair ofyoke arms 164 extending from the yoke plate 160P, thereby to define ayoke 160. Eachyoke arm 164 is connected to, e.g., an inner race member of yoke bearing 162 the outer race member of which is supported byyoke housing 190. Typically, each yoke arm or bearingplate 164 has, e.g., a circular opening in which is disposed the inner race member of yoke bearing 162 andyoke housing 190 has a corresponding recess in which is disposed the outer race member of yoke bearing 162. -
Yoke 160 is thus pivotable oncoaxial yoke bearings 162 the axes of which define ayoke pivot axis 163 that is perpendicular to and intersects theaxis 102 of rotation ofcylinder block 130 and driveshaft 170. Asyoke 160 androtatable spindle 150 thereon are pivoted, therotational axis 161 ofspindle 150 defines a plane that also contains therotational axis 102 ofcylinder block 130 and driveshaft 170 and to which theyoke pivot axis 163 is perpendicular. As a result,rotatable spindle 150 is in a variable angle relationship of defining an angle A with theaxis 102 ofcylinder block 130, e.g., in a bent axis-like configuration. Pivoting ofyoke 160 causes the corresponding pivoting ofspindle 150 rotatable thereon, with the result of changing the angle A between therotation axis 161 ofspindle 150 and therotation axis 102 ofcylinder block 130, thereby to change the distance that connectingrods 140 andpistons 142 travel in reciprocating motion and correspondingly change the displacement of pump and/ormotor 100. - The components of
device 100 comprising atleast cylinder block 130, connectingrods 140,pistons 142 andspindle 150 may be referred to as a “rotating group” because all rotate together as a unit in operation indevice 100, however,yoke 160 could in some cases also be considered as part of the rotating group, e.g., becausespindle 150 could be provided rotatably mounted thereon in a typical replacement part. A rotating group of assembledcomponents -
FIG. 4 is a side view of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/ormotor 100, with thehousing motor 100.Shaft housing 180 is seen to have ashaft housing base 182 which may be employed for mounting pump and/ormotor 100, acentral portion 184 having abore 185 forshaft 170 and related elements, and a portplate receiver portion 186 for receivingport plate 110 andports 120 therein, and to whichyoke housing 190 is attached.Ports 120 may be press fit, threadingly engaged or otherwise disposed in portplate housing portion 186 so as to couple toport openings 112 ofport plate 110 and be sealed thereto. -
Bore 185 in thecentral portion 184 ofshaft housing 180 has an outer larger diameter portion in which are disposed ashaft seal 172 and a shaft bearing 174 for supporting and sealing arounddrive shaft 170 therein, and an inner smaller diameter portion in whichshaft 170 passes through to then passthorough drive opening 115 ofport plate 110 to engagecylinder block 130 so thatcylinder block 130 and driveshaft 170 rotate together. -
Yoke housing 190 has a base portion that corresponds to the distal end ofreceiver portion 186 ofshaft housing 180 so as to mate therewith, e.g., as by screws, bolts, or other fasteners in the corresponding holes thereof.Yoke housing 180 has ahousing cover portion 194 extending from itshousing base 192 to define a cavity in which is disposedpivotable yoke 160, wherein the cavity thereof is of sufficient size to permit full pivoting ofyoke 160, e.g., to at least an angle A of about ±30° of pivoting relative to therotational axis 102 ofcylinder block 130 for varying the displacement of pump and/ormotor 100 in proportion to the pivot angle. -
Yoke housing cover 194 may have anopening 195 therein through which a mechanical connection from outside of pump and/ormotor 100 may be made to one arm ofyoke 160 for causing the moving ofyoke 160 to desired pivot angles A relative to therotational axis 102 ofcylinder block 130. Mechanical connections thereto may include, e.g., mechanical linkages, rotatable shafts, flexible shafts, lever handles, hydraulic linkages and apparatus, electrical motors, stepper motors, solenoids, electronic controls, and the like, as may be suitable and convenient in any particular utilization of pump and/ormotor 100. - While
yoke 160 andspindle 150 thereon are illustrated as being pivoted to an example angular position, they may be pivoted to any angular position up to an angle A of at least about ±30° of pivoting relative to therotational axis 102 ofcylinder block 130 for obtaining a particular desired displacement of pump and/ormotor 100. When the angle A is zero, e.g., axes 102 and 163 are substantially aligned, andpiston rods 140 andpistons 142 do not move ascylinder block 130 andspindle 150 rotate, and so there is zero displacement ofdevice 100, and no fluid is pumped whendevice 100 is employed as apump 100 and no motion whendevice 100 is employed as amotor 100. - When the
yoke 160 is pivoted in a first direction to increase angle A relative to driveaxis 102, e.g., angle A becomes a positive value, then there is a certain defined relationship between the direction of flow of fluid betweenports 120 and the direction of rotation ofcylinder block 130 andspindle 150. However, when the yoke is pivoted in an opposite direction to the first direction to increase angle A, e.g., angle A becomes a negative value, then there is an opposite relationship between the direction of flow of fluid betweenports 120 and the direction of rotation ofcylinder block 130 andspindle 150. Thus,device 100 is reversible, whether employed as amotor 100 or as apump 100. -
FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of the example bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump andmotor 100, andFIG. 5A is an enlarged side cross-sectional view thereof showing certain details of theyoke assembly 160 thereof. Therein may be seen thatdrive shaft 170 is disposed throughshaft housing 180 andport plate 110 to engagecylinder block 130 which rotates aboutaxis 102 therewith, e.g., via the engaging of axial splines.Cylinder block 130 is supported by and rotates on a cylinder block bearing 136 that is retained in position by a bearingspring plate 138. - Between bearing
spring plate 138 and bearing 136 is aspring 137, e.g., a wave spring or a Belleville spring, that urgescylinder block 130 towards and againstport plate 120, thereby to minimize the leakage of fluid and allow fluid pressure to build whendevice 100 is not under fluid pressure. Whendevice 100 is in operation, fluid pressure incylinders 132 and cylinder ports 133 (which have a smaller diameter than do cylinders 132) provide force tending to urgecylinder block 130 towards and againstport plate 120. -
Shaft seal 172 in the larger diameter portion ofbore 185 may include a seal carrier 172C having one or more cylindrical grooves 172G that carry respective sealing gaskets or other sealing material that is in sliding and sealing contact with therotatable drive shaft 170.Shaft bearing 174 may be seen to be, e.g., a ball or roller type bearing wherein an inner race member isadjacent shaft 170 and on outer race member isadjacent shaft housing 180, wherebyshaft 170 rotates aboutdrive axis 102. -
Cylinder block 130 may be seen to have a plurality ofaxial cylinders 132 therethrough of which one is visible.Cylinder 132 has acylinder port 133 at the end thereof adjacent toport plate 110 that typically is of smaller diameter than iscylinder 132. One of thepistons 142 is seen in one of thecylinders 132 as having a generally spherical socket at the end thereof distal fromport plate 110.Connecting rod 140 is seen to have generally spherical ends 144,146, one of which 144 is retained in a generallyspherical socket 143 ofpiston 142, e.g., as by being swaged or otherwise retained therein, and theother end 146 of which is retained in a generallyspherical socket 153 ofrotatable spindle 150, e.g., by a hold downplate 152 that is attached toyoke spindle 150 and rotates therewith. - Because each end of each connecting
rod 140 has a generally spherical ball and socket arrangement, each connectingrod 140 may position itself in a low stress position relative to arespective piston 142 andyoke spindle 150, thereby to move synchronously in rotation withcylinder block 130 andspindle 150 and in part to transmit forces to maintain such synchronous rotational movement, while causing reciprocating movement ofpistons 142 incylinders 132 that is synchronized with the rotation ofcylinder block 130 andspindle 150.Connecting rods 140 may have a central axial passage, e.g., for allowing fluid to pass therethrough, e.g., to provide lubrication to spindle 150 and connecting rod ends 146 therein. - Because the pump/
motor device 100 includes a bent axis like geometry, the total effective displacement of thepistons 142 andcylinder block 130 is a function of the circle diameter of thepistons 142 in thespindle 150sockets 153, rather than the circle diameter of thepistons 142 in thecylinders 132 ofcylinder block 130. Because thepistons 142 are splayed in the bent axis geometry, theyoke spindle socket 153 circle diameter of theyoke 160spindle 150, by geometric necessity, is larger than the piston circle diameter in thecylinder block 130. Due to this splaying of the piston circle versus the yoke spindle socket circle, the present inline drive bent axis pump/motor device 100 has an advantage of greater spindle socket circle diameter than piston circle diameter. As a result, the flow advantage of having an increased maximum yoke angle A is beneficially increased further by the splayedspindle socket 153 circle diameter of the present bent axis geometry. - A
universal link 200 connects the end ofdrive shaft 170 andspindle 150 onyoke 160. Universal link 200 is believed to not transmit a substantial torque betweencylinder block 130 andspindle 150, but acts to ensure the synchronous rotational motion thereof. - In particular, when
device 100 is utilized as apump 100,cylinder block 130 is driven rotationally bydrive shaft 170 and the connectingrods 140 transmit forces that tend to makespindle 150follow cylinder block 130, thereby to cause the synchronous rotational motion thereof. Whendevice 100 is utilized as amotor 100, the pressure of fluids passing betweenports 120 via thecylinders 132 ofrotating cylinder block 130 impart forces topistons 142 that cause reciprocating motion thereof, and the connectingrods 140 transmit the forces frompistons 142 to spindle 150 to cause rotational motion thereof and the synchronous rotational motion ofcylinder block 130. -
Spindle 150 has a plurality of generallyspherical sockets 153 therein that receive the generally spherical ends 146 of connectingrods 140 which are retained therein by a piston rod hold downplate 152 that is attached to and rotates withspindle 150.Spindle 150 rotates on theend plate 160 ofyoke 160 and is supported axially by anaxial bearing 154 and radially by aradial bearing 156 set in aspherical race 157. Bearing 156 is preferably a radial needle bearing housed in aspherical race 157 flanked by a cylindricalthrust roller bearing 154, the combination of which tends to provide a bearing arrangement that is tolerant of mis-alignment, e.g., ofspindle 150 and/oryoke 160. Thelow inertia yoke 160 and low operating force required to pivotyoke 160 complements the alignment tolerant feature thereof. - Universal link 200 includes a linking
rod 202 having a split generallyspherical ball spherical socket 131 incylinder block 130 and one in a generallyspherical socket 151 inspindle 150, respectively. Each end oflink 200 is keyed to itsspherical socket link 200 constrainscylinder block 130 andspindle 160 to rotate together. Preferably aspring 169 is provided to bias the movablespherical socket 151 ofspindle 150 towards and againstrod end 206 oflink 200 and towardscylinder block 130.Spring 169 permits themovable socket 151 to move as the effective geometric length ofuniversal link 200 varies with the pivot angle A ofyoke 160, e.g., to allowlink 200 to “walk” asyoke 160 is pivoted Becausespindle 150 and link 200 do not rotate about the same axis, the geometric length oflink 200 is longest whenyoke 160 is centered, e.g., at a yoke angle A of 0° and lessens as the magnitude of angle A increases asyoke 160 is pivoted off center, being shortest at the maximum value of angle A, e.g., at about ±30°. In one typical example, the difference in geometric length can be about ⅛ inch (about 3 mm). - One
spherical end 204 ofuniversal link 200 is centered ondrive axis 102 on thedrive shaft 170,cylinder block 130 side ofyoke pivot axis 163 and theother end 206 ofuniversal link 200 is centered on thespindle 150,yoke 160 side ofyoke pivot axis 163. The halves of the splitspherical balls respective sockets sockets -
FIG. 6 includesFIGS. 6A-6G which are a series of partially transparent perspective views showing rotating components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline driveaxial piston device 100 employed as apump 100 with theyoke 160 thereof moved to different angular positions A. InFIGS. 6A-6G the arrows drawn in thin line represent the pump drive motion applied todevice 100 employed as apump 100, e.g., from an electric or other motive source, and the arrows drawn in outline represent the direction and volume of the flow of fluid produced by thepump 100. In general, the relation between fluid flow and rotational motion ofdrive shaft 170 is proportional to the displacement ofcylinder block 130, the rate of rotation thereof and the sine of the angle A between thedrive axis 102 and the yoke orspindle axis 161 ofdevice 100. Mathematically: -
FF=D×R×(sin A)×K, - wherein:
-
- FF is fluid flow,
- D is the displacement of all of
pistons 142 incylinder block 130, - R is the rate of rotation of
shaft 170, and - K is a constant representative of efficiency, unit conversions and other factors.
- In
FIG. 6A theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=+30° in a first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100. In this position ofyoke 160, pump 100 moves fluid in a first direction at a volume proportional to the rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively high rate of fluid flow as indicated by the relatively long length of the outline arrows representing fluid flow produced bypump 100. Fluid flow is in a first direction that might be described as being “upward” as shown inFIG. 6A . - For a conventional inline axial pump, the fluid flow rate (and pump/motor displacement) is also a function of swash plate angle, but in contrast to bent axis geometry is determined by the tangent of the yoke angle rather than the sine thereof. In a newer type of conventional inline axial pump, the maximum practical drive offset angle (swash plate angle) is about 21° and so the maximum pumped volume is limited by tan 21°=0.383 of displacement. In the present arrangement of pump/
motor 100, a drive angle of up to about A=30° is achieved and displacement is limited by sin 30°=0.50 of displacement. As a result, the present pump/motor device 100 provides an increase of about 0.500/0.383=1.305 or about 30.5 percent (%) of displacement relative to conventional pumps of the same cylinder and piston displacement. In more traditional conventional pumps wherein the drive offset angle is limited to about 18° the increase in displacement is about 0.500/0.325=1.538 or about a 53.8 percent (%) relative to conventional pumps of the same cylinder and piston displacement, which is quite significant. - Another artifact which favors the fluid flow rate and displacement advantage of the bent axis geometry over the inline axial geometry involves that the term D, the combined total displacement of all of the pistons in the cylinder block. For an inline axial geometry, the term D is a function of the piston circle diameter in the cylinder, whereas for the bent axis geometry, the term D is a function of the circle diameter of the pistons in the yoke sockets, not the circle diameter of the pistons in the cylinder block. For the inline axial pump, which by definition of being “inline”, predicates that the piston circle diameter be equal to the effective yoke socket circle diameter. However, due to the splaying of the pistons in a bent axis geometry, the yoke socket circle diameter, by geometric necessity, is larger than the piston circle diameter in the cylinder block. Due to this splaying of the piston circle versus yoke spindle socket circle, the bent axis pump has an advantage of greater spindle socket circle diameter than piston (cylinder) circle diameter—typically this is a minimum of about 8 percent (%). The flow advantage of having an increased maximum yoke angle is beneficially increased further by the splayed spindle socket circle diameter of the bent axis geometry.
- So, for example, in the present pump/
motor device 100 which provides a yoke angle advantage that produces a 30.5 percent (%) increase in displacement, the displacement and therefore the fluid flow thereof is further increased by a factor of 1.08 thereby to provide an overall increase of about 41.0 percent (%) more displacement (and therefore more fluid flow output) relative to conventional inline axial pumps of the same piston cylinder circle and piston diameters. A like result and advantage obtains whetherdevice 100 is employed as a motor, or as a pump, or as a device serving as both a pump and a motor, e.g., at different times and/or under different operating conditions. Withyoke 160 pivoted to an angle of A=+30° as inFIG. 6A , the volume of fluid flow provided bypump device 100 from inlet to outlet is substantially at the maximum volume, e.g., 100% of its capacity, which is substantially greater than that of conventional inline axial pumps and of conventional bent axis pumps. - In
FIG. 6B theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=+20° in the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100. In this position ofyoke 160, pump 100 moves fluid in a first direction at a volume proportional to the rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively moderate rate of fluid flow as indicated by the relatively moderate length of the outline arrows representing fluid flow produced bypump 100. Fluid flow is again in the first direction that might be described as being “upward” as shown inFIG. 6B . Withyoke 160 pivoted to an angle of A=+20° as inFIG. 6B , the volume of fluid flow provided bypump device 100 from inlet to outlet is about 68.4% of the maximum volume, e.g., the volume as inFIG. 6A . - In
FIG. 6C theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=+10° in the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100. In this position ofyoke 160, pump 100 moves fluid in a first direction at a volume proportional to the rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively lower rate of fluid flow as indicated by the relatively shorter length of the outline arrows representing fluid flow produced bypump 100. Fluid flow is again in the first direction that might be described as being “upward” as shown inFIG. 6C . Withyoke 160 pivoted to an angle of A=+10° as inFIG. 6C , the volume of fluid flow provided bypump device 100 from inlet to outlet is about 34.7% of the maximum volume, e.g., the volume as inFIG. 6A . - In
FIG. 6D theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as being moved to a neutral angular position of angle A=0° relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100. In this position ofyoke 160, pump 100 does not move fluid because the sine of the angle A=0° is zero, i.e. sin 0°=0, which is no flow of fluid as indicated by the absence of outline arrows representing fluid flow. Ayoke 160 that is movable to both positive and negative angle positions may be referred to as being movable or pivotable “over center” (center being about 0°) and a device having ayoke 160 movable “over center” may be referred to as capable of or having“over center operation.” It is further noted that the direction of rotation ofpump 100 remains the same, i.e. reversal of the direction in whichshaft 170 is rotated is not required, and that change in the position ofyoke 160 over positive and negative yoke angles is sufficient to reverse the direction of fluid flow atports 120. - In
FIG. 6E theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=−0.10° in a second direction opposite to the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100, e.g., over center relative to yoke positions shown inFIGS. 6A-6C . In this A=−A° position ofyoke 160, pump 100 moves fluid in a second direction opposite to the first direction at a volume proportional to the rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively lower rate of fluid flow as indicated by the relatively shorter length of the outline arrows representing fluid flow produced bypump 100, however, fluid flow is in a second direction opposite to the first direction that might be described as being “downward” as shown inFIG. 6E . Withyoke 160 pivoted to an angle of A=−10° as inFIG. 6E , the volume of fluid flow provided bypump device 100 from inlet to outlet is about 34.7% of the maximum volume, e.g., the volume as inFIG. 6A , but flowing in the opposite direction. - In
FIG. 6F theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=−20° in the second direction opposite to the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100. In this position ofyoke 160, pump 100 moves fluid in the second direction at a volume proportional to the rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively moderate rate of fluid flow as indicated by the relatively moderate length of the outline arrows representing fluid flow produced bypump 100, however, fluid flow is again in the a second direction that might be described as being “downward” as shown inFIG. 6F . Withyoke 160 pivoted to an angle of A=−20° as inFIG. 6F , the volume of fluid flow provided bypump device 100 from inlet to outlet is about 68.4% of the maximum volume, e.g., the volume as inFIG. 6A , but flowing in the opposite direction. - In
FIG. 6G theyoke 160 ofpump 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=−30° in the second direction opposite to the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofpump 100. In this position ofyoke 160, pump 100 moves fluid in the second direction at a volume proportional to the rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively higher rate of fluid flow as indicated by the relatively longer length of the outline arrows representing fluid flow produced bypump 100, however, fluid flow is again in the second direction that might be described as being “downward” as shown inFIG. 6G . Withyoke 160 pivoted to an angle of A=−30° as inFIG. 6G , the volume of fluid flow provided bypump device 100 from inlet to outlet is about 100% of the maximum volume, e.g., the same volume as inFIG. 6A , but flowing in the opposite direction. - Thus,
device 100 when employed as apump 100 is capable of moving fluid in either direction merely by changing the angular position to which theyoke 160 is pivoted, e.g.,yoke 160 being pivotable over center to both positive and negative angles A relative to theaxis 102 of the input drive, without changing the direction or speed of the input drive, which advantageously simplifies the driving mechanism and devices employed withpump 100, thereby likely resulting in simplified controls, lower weight, lower cost and/or higher reliability. Moreover, only theyoke 160 andspindle 150 rotationally mounted thereon need be pivoted, thereby reducing the size and mass of the rotating parts that must be pivotable for varying displacement ofpump 100, and thus likely reducing the overall weight and cost ofpump 100. -
FIG. 7 includesFIGS. 7A-7G which are a series of partially transparent perspective views showing rotating components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline driveaxial piston device 100 employed as amotor 100 with theyoke 160 thereof moved to different angular positions A. InFIGS. 7A-7G the arrows at inlet (P) and outlet (R) drawn in outline represent the input fluid drive applied todevice 100 employed as amotor 100, e.g., from a hydraulic or other pressurized source of fluid under pressure, and the arrows drawn in outline nearshaft 170 represent the direction and rotational rate of the rotational motion produced at theoutput shaft 170 of themotor 100. In general, the relation between fluid flow and rotational motion ofdrive shaft 170 resulting in torque output is proportional to the displacement ofcylinder block 130, the rate of rotation thereof and the sine of the angle A between thedrive axis 102 and the yoke orspindle axis 161 device, as above. - In
FIG. 7A theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=+30° in a first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100. In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 responds to the movement of fluid under pressure in a first direction at a given volume to produce a proportional rate of rotation at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and proportional to the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively high rate of rotation as indicated by the relatively long length of the arrow representing rotation produced bymotor 100, e.g., and with substantially 100% of the maximum available torque. Fluid flow is in the first direction as illustrated might be described as producing clockwise rotation as shown inFIG. 7A . - In
FIG. 7B theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=+20° in the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100. In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 responds to the movement of fluid under pressure in the first direction at a given volume by producing a proportional rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and proportional to the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively moderate rate of rotation as indicated by the relatively moderate length of the arrow representing rotation produced bymotor 100, e.g., and with about 68.4% of the maximum available torque. Rotation is again in the first direction that might be described as being clockwise as shown inFIG. 7B . - In
FIG. 7C theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=+10° in the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100. In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 responds to the movement of fluid under pressure in a first direction at a given volume by producing a proportional rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and proportional to the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively lower rate of rotation as indicated by the relatively shorter length of the arrow representing rotation produced bymotor 100, e.g., and with about 37.4% of the maximum available torque. Fluid flow drive is again in the same direction that might be described as being “upward” as shown inFIG. 7C and motor rotation is again clockwise. - In
FIG. 7D theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as being moved to a neutral angular position of angle A=0° relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100. In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 does not respond to the movement of fluid under pressure because the sine of the angle A=0° is zero, i.e. sin 0°=0, which produces no rotation as indicated by the absence of an arrow representing rotation. Ayoke 160 that is movable to both positive and negative angle positions may be referred to as being movable “over center” (center being about) 0° and a device having ayoke 160 movable or pivotable “over center” may be referred to as capable of or having“over center operation.” It is further noted that the direction of fluid flow atports 120 remains the same, i.e. reversal of the direction of fluid flow atports 120 is not required, and that change in the position ofyoke 160 over positive and negative yoke angles, e.g., over center, is sufficient to reverse the direction of rotation ofmotor 100. - In
FIG. 7E theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=−10° in a second direction opposite to the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100, e.g., over center relative to yoke positions shown inFIGS. 7A-7C . In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 responds to the movement of fluid under pressure in the first direction at a given volume producing a proportional rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and proportional to the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively lower rate of rotation as indicated by the relatively shorter length of the arrow representing rotation produced bymotor 100, e.g., and with about 37.4% of the maximum available torque, however, rotation is in a second direction opposite to the first direction that might be described as being counter-clockwise as shown inFIG. 7E . - In
FIG. 7F theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=−20° in the second direction opposite to the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100. In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 responds to the movement of fluid under pressure in the first direction at a given volume to produce a proportional rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and proportional to the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively moderate rate of rotation as indicated by the relatively moderate length of the arrow representing rotation produced bymotor 100, e.g., and with about 68.4% of the maximum available torque, however, rotation is again in the a second direction that might be described as being counter-clockwise as shown inFIG. 7F . - In
FIG. 7G theyoke 160 ofmotor 100 is shown as having been moved to an angular position of angle A=−30° in the second direction opposite to the first direction relative to thedrive axis 102 ofmotor 100. In this position ofyoke 160,motor 100 responds to the movement of fluid under pressure in the first direction at a given volume to produce a proportional rate of rotation of at itsdrive shaft 170 andcylinder block 130, and proportional to the sine of the angle A, which is a relatively higher rate of rotation as indicated by the relatively longer length of the arrow representing rotation produced bymotor 100, e.g., and with substantially 100% of the maximum available torque, however, rotation is again in the second direction that might be described as being counter clockwise as shown inFIG. 7G . - Thus,
device 100 when employed as amotor 100 is capable of responding to movement of fluid under pressure in one direction by producing rotation in either direction merely by changing the angular position to which theyoke 160 is pivoted, e.g.,yoke 160 being pivotable over center to both positive and negative angles A relative to theaxis 102 of the input drive, without changing the direction or flow of the input fluid under pressure, which advantageously simplifies the fluid driving mechanism and devices employed withmotor 100, thereby likely resulting in simplified controls, lower weight, lower cost and/or higher reliability. Moreover, only theyoke 160 andspindle 150 rotationally mounted thereon need be pivoted, thereby reducing the size and mass of the rotating parts that must be pivotable for varying displacement ofmotor 100, and thus likely reducing the overall weight and cost ofmotor 100. -
FIG. 8 includesFIGS. 8A and 8B which are schematic diagrams representing a parallel and a series configured, respectively, vehicle kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) 300, 300P, 300S and/or vehicle hydraulic hybrid drive systems (HHDS) 300, 300P. 300S employing a pump/motor device 100 as described, wherein thedevice 100 is employed as a pump and as a motor at different times under different operating modes. The placing of devices in condition to operate as a pump or as a motor at different times is controlled by the movement ofyoke 160 as is described below. - In both embodiments, an
engine 310, e.g., an internal combustion engine (ICE) 310, which is the primary source of power has a drive shaft 312 (e.g., a crankshaft 312) coupled to theshaft 170 ofdevice 100 through which energy is converted bydevice 100 from rotational motion/torque applied atshaft 170 into energy stored under pressure in highpressure accumulator device 380H, e.g., by pumping fluid fromlow pressure accumulator 380L, e.g., a reservoir, tohigh pressure accumulator 380H, e.g., a pressure storage tank. When the energy stored inhigh pressure accumulator 380H is needed to assistengine 310, fluid flows fromhigh pressure accumulator 380H tolow pressure accumulator 380L viadevice 100, thereby to apply additional torque viashaft 170 to the drive shaft ofengine 310. - In the
parallel hybrid system 300P ofFIG. 8A ,engine 310drives wheels 360 viatransmission 320,drive shaft 330, differential 340 andaxles 350, as is conventional in a motorized vehicle. At the same time and in parallel,engine 310 may also drivesdevice 100 which operates as apump 100 to move fluid throughfluid lines high pressure accumulator 380H where the fluid is stored under high pressure. Further, deceleration of the vehicle develops torque that is coupled viadrive shaft 350, differential 340,drive shaft 330 andtransmission 320 throughengine 310 to drivedevice 100 as apump 100 to move fluid throughfluid lines high pressure accumulator 380H where the fluid is stored under high pressure, thereby to produce braking torque atwheels 360 while storing kinetic energy removed from the vehicle as potential energy by pressurizing fluid to high pressure in highpressure accumulator vessel 380H. - When additional torque is required, e.g., above the torque available from
engine 310, fluid flowing throughfluid lines high pressure accumulator 380H tolow pressure accumulator 380L and throughdevice 100 causesdevice 100 to operate as amotor 100 to produce driving torque that is coupled towheels 360 viaengine 310,transmission 320,drive shaft 330, differential 340 andaxles 350, thereby supplementing the torque available fromengine 310. - In the
series hybrid system 300S ofFIG. 8B ,engine 310 is not coupled to and does not directly drivewheels 360, and so there is no need for atransmission 320,drive shaft 330, and differential 340 as in a conventional motorized vehicle.Engine 310 via its drive shaft 312 drivesdevice 100 which operates as apump 100 to move fluid from low pressure accumulator (reservoir) 380L tohigh pressure accumulator 380H where the fluid is stored under high pressure, and is available as energy to power the vehicle. In effectwheel drive devices 100W operate similarly to a hydraulic or hydrostatic type of transmission. - To accelerate the vehicle, the accelerating torque required is produced by fluid flowing through
fluid lines high pressure accumulator 380H tolow pressure accumulator 380L and through wheel coupleddevices 100W which operate asmotors 100W to produce driving torque that is coupled directly from thedrive shafts 170 ofdevices 100W viaaxles 350 towheels 360. - To decelerate the vehicle, the decelerating torque required is produced by wheel coupled
devices 100W operating aspumps 100W to pump fluid to flow throughfluid lines high pressure accumulator 380H fromlow pressure accumulator 380L where the fluid is stored under high pressure, thereby to produce braking torque atwheels 360 while storing kinetic energy removed from the vehicle as potential energy by pressurizing fluid to high pressure in highpressure accumulator vessel 380H. -
FIG. 9 includesFIGS. 9A-9H which are a series of partially transparent perspective views showing rotating and movable components of the example bent axis variable delivery inline driveaxial piston device 100 employed as a pump andmotor 100 in a kinetic energy recovery systems and/or in a hydraulic hybrid drive system with theyoke 160 thereof moved to different angular positions. InFIGS. 9A-9H the arrows drawn in outline represent the input fluid flow to and fromdevice 100 employed as a pump andmotor 100, e.g., between a reservoir (R) and a hydraulic or other pressurized source (P) of fluid under pressure, and the arrows drawn in outline represent the direction, torque and/or rotational rate of the rotational motion produced at theshaft 170 of thedevice 100, e.g., which may be connected to, e.g., a mechanical shaft or transmission or wheel, for utilization in a kinetic energy recovery and/or an hydraulic hybrid drive. In general, the relation between fluid flow and rotational motion ofdrive shaft 170 is proportional to the displacement ofcylinder block 130, the rate of rotation thereof and the sine of the angle A between thedrive axis 102 and the yoke orspindle axis 161 device, as above. - The kinetic energy of a moving object, e.g., a truck, bus, car, train, streetcar or other vehicle, must be reduced to slow and/or stop the object and is typically dissipated as heat using friction braking (e.g., common drum or disk brakes) or dynamic braking (e.g., driving an electrical generator connected to resistors). In a kinetic energy recovery system, so as not to waste the kinetic energy that is removed, the kinetic energy is typically converted to another form and is stored in a storage device, e.g., as electrical energy that charges a battery or a capacitor or as rotational kinetic energy stored in a rotating flywheel, from which the stored energy can later be withdrawn and put to use. In a vehicle, the stored energy is often employed to drive the vehicle, as in hybrid gasoline-electric automobiles, trucks and buses.
- Because the present arrangement of
device 100 allows it to be employed as apump 100 or as amotor 100 or as both a pump and amotor 100 without reconfiguring its fluid (e.g., hydraulic) and mechanical connections,device 100 is suitable for use in a kinetic energy recovery system and for use in a kinetic energy recovery system (KERS), or in a hydraulic drive (HD) or in another fluid drive system, and/or in a hydraulic hybrid drive (HHD) or other fluid hybrid drive system. In a typical KERS, HD and/orHHD system ports 120 ofdevice 100 are fluidically coupled to a pressurizable fluid container (P) and to a fluid reservoir (R) for moving fluid therebetween, so that by moving fluid to the pressurized container (P) thedevice 100 and container (P) serve as a storage accumulator wherein kinetic energy is converted and stored as pressurized fluid in the pressurizable container (P) wherein fluid may be stored under pressure, and from which fluid may be withdrawn to utilize the energy stored therein as pressurized fluid. -
FIG. 9A illustrates a KERS system in a brakes OFF and throttle OFF condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is in a zero displacement condition, e.g., essentially in “neutral,” withyoke 160 in the center or 0° or zero displacement position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is aligned withaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so rotation, if any, of thedrive shaft 170 does not produce any fluid flow (NO FLOW) atports 120, and pump/motor 100 provides no resistance and no assistance torque T to the rotation ω of theshaft 170. Thus, if the vehicle is at rest it tends to remain at rest and, if moving, it tends to continue moving, e.g., to coast. The symbolic storage accumulator at the left ofFIG. 9A reflects this condition having only a plain line at the bottom thereof indicating a connection without any pressure or fluid flow. -
FIG. 9B illustrates a KERS system in a relatively mild brakes ON and throttle OFF condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is operating as apump 100 withyoke 160 in a position −10° off the center position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is angled by about −10° with respect toaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so rotation of the drive shaft produces fluid flow atports 120 pumping fluid from the reservoir (R) to the pressurizable container (P) atoutlet port 120, thereby producing a torque TB at thedrive shaft 170 which is in a direction opposing the rotation ω thereby to produce a braking action. The relative magnitude of the torque produced is indicated by the relative length of the torque arrow, e.g., a relatively low level of brake application producing a relatively small displacement ofdevice 100 and a relatively low level of braking torque TB. Thus, if the vehicle is moving, it tends to be slowed relatively gently by the relatively low torque TB resulting from the small displacement pumping action ofdevice 100. The symbolic storage accumulator has a relatively shorter inward directed arrow at the bottom thereof indicating a relatively low level of pumping that increases the pressure in the pressurized container (P) due to fluid flow produced bydevice 100, thereby to store energy. The stored pressure is indicated by an inward directed arrow within the accumulator symbol. -
FIG. 9C illustrates a KERS system in a relatively moderate brakes ON and throttle OFF condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is operating as apump 100 withyoke 160 in a position −20° off the center position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is angled by about −20° with respect toaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so rotation ω of the drive shaft produces fluid flow atports 120 pumping fluid from the reservoir (R) to the pressurizable container (P) atoutlet port 120, thereby producing a torque TB at thedrive shaft 170 which is in a direction opposing the rotation ω thereby to produce a braking action. The relative magnitude of the torque TB produced is indicated by the relative length of the torque arrow, e.g., a relatively moderate level of brake application producing a relatively intermediate displacement ofdevice 100 and a relatively intermediate level of braking torque. Thus, if the vehicle is moving, it tends to be slowed relatively moderately by the relatively intermediate torque resulting from the intermediate displacement pumping action ofdevice 100 and by the braking torque TB resulting from the pumping action ofdevice 100. The symbolic storage accumulator has a relatively intermediate length inward directed arrow at the bottom thereof indicating a relatively intermediate level of pumping that increases the pressure in the pressurized container (P) due to fluid flow produced bydevice 100, thereby storing energy. The stored pressure is indicated by an inward directed arrow within the accumulator symbol. -
FIG. 9D illustrates a KERS system in a relatively heavier brakes ON and throttle OFF condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is operating as apump 100 withyoke 160 in a position −30° off the center position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is angled by about −30° with respect toaxis 102 of thedrive shaft 170 and so rotation of the drive shaft produces fluid flow atports 120 pumping fluid from the reservoir (R) to the pressurizable container (P) atoutlet port 120, thereby producing a torque TB at thedrive shaft 170 which is in a direction opposing the rotation ω thereby to produce a braking action. The relative magnitude of the torque TB produced is indicated by the relative length of the torque arrow, e.g., a relatively high level of brake application producing a relatively high displacement ofdevice 100 and a relatively high level of braking torque TB. Thus, if the vehicle is moving, it tends to be slowed relatively more quickly by the relatively high torque TB resulting from the higher displacement pumping action ofdevice 100. The symbolic storage accumulator has a relatively longer inward directed arrow at the bottom thereof indicating a relatively higher level of pumping that increases the pressure in the pressurized container (P) due to fluid flow produced bydevice 100, thereby storing energy. The stored pressure is indicated by an inward directed arrow within the accumulator symbol. -
FIG. 9E illustrates a KERS system in a brakes OFF, throttle OFF and KERS not commanded condition as where the system, e.g., may be transitioning from a regeneration mode, e.g., pumping to recover kinetic energy by pumping fluid into the storage container (accumulator) under pressure, to a boost or driving mode, e.g., wherein energy stored in a pressurized container (P) from energy recovered in braking operation is utilized to provide driving torque. In this condition pump/motor device 100 is in a zero displacement condition, e.g., essentially in “neutral,” withyoke 160 is illustrated in the center or 0° or zero displacement position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is aligned withaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so rotation to, if any, of thedrive shaft 170 does not produce any fluid flow (NO FLOW) atports 120, and pump/motor 100 provides no resistance and no assistance to the rotation of theshaft 170. Thus, if the vehicle is at rest it tends to remain at rest and, if moving, it tends to continue moving, e.g., to coast. The symbolic storage accumulator at the left ofFIG. 9A reflects this condition having only a plain line at the bottom thereof indicating a connection without any pressure or fluid flow. -
FIG. 9F illustrates a KERS system in a brakes OFF, relatively mild throttle ON and KERS commanded condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is operating as amotor 100 to move energy from the accumulator to a load. In this condition,yoke 160 is illustrated in a position +10° off the center position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is angled by about 10° with respect toaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so fluid flow atports 120 produced by pressurized fluid flowing from the pressurized container (P) to reservoir (R) to produce torque TD produces rotation ω of thedrive shaft 170, whereby the torque TD produced at thedrive shaft 170 is in a direction to increase the rotation ω ofdrive shaft 170 thereby to produce a driving or accelerating action. The relative magnitude of the torque produced is indicated by the relative lengths of the flow and torque arrows, e.g., a relatively low level of throttle application producing a relatively small displacement ofdevice 100 and a relatively low level of driving torque. Thus, if the vehicle is moving, it tends to be accelerated relatively gently by the relatively low driving torque TD resulting from the small displacement motor action ofdevice 100. The symbolic storage accumulator has a relatively shorter outward directed arrow at the bottom thereof indicating a relatively low level of outflow that reduces the pressure in the pressurized container (P) to produce fluid flow throughdevice 100, thereby to recover energy previously stored. The reducing stored pressure (discharging) of the accumulator is indicated by an outward directed arrow within the accumulator symbol. -
FIG. 9G illustrates a KERS system in a brakes OFF, intermediate throttle ON and KERS commanded condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is operating as amotor 100 to move energy from the accumulator to a load. In this condition,yoke 160 is illustrated in a position 20° off the center position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is angled by about 20° with respect toaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so fluid flow atports 120 produced by pressurized fluid flowing from the pressurized container (P) to reservoir (R) to produce torque produces rotation w of thedrive shaft 170, whereby the torque TD produced at thedrive shaft 170 is in a direction to increase the rotation ω ofdrive shaft 170 thereby to produce an accelerating action. The relative magnitude of the torque TD produced is indicated by the relative lengths of the flow and torque arrows, e.g., a relatively intermediate level of throttle application producing an intermediate displacement ofdevice 100 and an intermediate level of driving torque. Thus, if the vehicle is moving, it tends to be accelerated relatively moderately by the relatively intermediate level of driving torque TD resulting from the intermediate displacement motor action ofdevice 100. The symbolic storage accumulator has a relatively intermediate length outward directed arrow at the bottom thereof indicating an intermediate level of outflow that reduces the pressure in the pressurized container (P) to produce fluid flow throughdevice 100, thereby to recover energy previously stored. The reducing stored pressure (discharging) of the accumulator is indicated by an outward directed arrow within the accumulator symbol. -
FIG. 9H illustrates a KERS system in a brakes OFF, relatively high throttle ON and KERS commanded condition wherein pump/motor device 100 is operating as amotor 100 to move energy from the accumulator to a load. In this condition,yoke 160 is illustrated in a position 30° off the center position whereinaxis 161 ofyoke 160 is angled by about 30° with respect toaxis 102 of the drive shaft and so fluid flow atports 120 produced by pressurized fluid flowing from the pressurized container (P) to reservoir (R) to produce torque TD produces rotation ω of thedrive shaft 170, whereby the torque TD produced at thedrive shaft 170 is in a direction to increase the rotation ω ofdrive shaft 170 thereby tending to produce an accelerating action. The relative magnitude of the driving torque TD produced is indicated by the relative lengths of the flow and torque arrows, e.g., a relatively high level of throttle application producing a relatively high displacement ofdevice 100 and a relatively high level of driving torque. Thus, if the vehicle is moving, it tends to be accelerated relatively strongly by the relatively high level of driving torque TD resulting from the relatively high displacement motor action ofdevice 100. The symbolic storage accumulator has a relatively long outward directed arrow at the bottom thereof indicating a relatively high level of outflow that reduces the pressure in the pressurized container (P) to produce fluid flow throughdevice 100, thereby to recover energy previously stored. The reducing stored pressure (discharging) of the accumulator is indicated by an outward directed arrow within the accumulator symbol. - In a typical embodiment, a
variable displacement device 100 having a maximum displacement of about 0.5 cubic inch per revolution (about 8.2 cc/rev.) may be about 4 inches (about 10.2 cm) in diameter and about 6 inches (about 15.2 cm) in length, and weighs about 4.5 pounds (about 2.05 Kg). When utilized as apump 100,rotating shaft 170 at about 6500 rpm can produce a head pressure of about 5000 psi (about 351.5 Kg/cm2) with no flow or a pumping volume of about 14 gallons per minute (about 53 liters per minute) at a pressure of about 4800 psi (about 337.4 Kg/cm2). When utilized as amotor 100, an input fluid pressure atport 120 of about 5000 psi (about 351.5 Kg/cm2) produces a torque of about 33 foot-pounds (about 4.57 Kg-m) atshaft 170, and a fluid flow throughports 120 of about 14 gallons per minute (about 53 liters per minute) causesshaft 170 to rotate at about 6500 rpm. - Typically,
housings port plate 110 andports 120 may be of steel, hardened steel, stainless steel, coated titanium, carbon-graphite (CAGR), silicon carbide (SiC), or other suitable material,cylinder block 130 may be of bronze, ductile iron, aluminum, or other suitable metal, e.g., preferably a soft metal,pistons 142 and connectingrods 140 may be of high strength steel or stainless steel having a wear coating, titanium having a wear coating, or other suitable metal and wear coating,spindle 150 may be of high strength bearing steel or stainless steel, titanium or other suitable metal,yoke 160 may be of high strength steel or stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, or other suitable metal,drive shaft 170 anduniversal link 200 may be of high strength steel or stainless steel having a wear coating, titanium having a wear coating, or other suitable metal and wear coating. Examples of wear coatings include high-velocity oxygenated flame spray, chrome plating, and the like. - As a result,
devices 100 according to the present arrangement can typically have lower weight than and comparable volume to conventional axial inline pumps and motors of similar capacity, while having similar high efficiency (e.g., volumetric, torque and volume efficiency) and higher displacement of a bent axis axial pump, and can be employed as either or both of a pump and a motor, where both can operate over-center variable displacement. When utilized as a pump, adevice 100 typically will be more economical, have less power extraction and produce less heat, as well as being smooth running, typically due to the relatively high incidence of rolling interfaces and low incidence of sliding interfaces, relatively little pre-compression and decompression. When utilized as a motor, adevice 100 typically will produce more torque with lower pressure and lower fluid flow, and will tend to be smooth running with little stick-slip friction. - When
device 100 is utilized in place of a conventional electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) pump,device 100 is expected to provide at least about 8-10 times higher frequency response, e.g., about an order of magnitude improvement, due to the over-center reversing feature provided byspindle 150 rotatable onyoke 160 as compared to the typical conventional fixed displacement bent-axis EHA pumps for which the direction of rotation of the drive must be reversed to reverse operation of the pump. It is noted that a conventional inline axial pump cannot be utilized as an EHA pump because it is unable to run in opposite directions and is unable to be effectively operated over center. - Moreover, the power required to reverse drive to a conventional EHA pump is not only much higher than, e.g., about twice, that required to move the
yoke 160 ofdevice 100 over center, but increases as a faster response is needed, and sodevice 100 can not only be smaller and lighter, but can also reduce the requirements for the drive motor, for electrical power, for wiring and the like. In addition the fixed direction operation possible withdevice 100 has substantially less wear, because it can operate at smaller yoke angles than does a fixed displacement device, and is operable with simpler control algorithms than is a conventional EHA pump with reversing drive, because thedrive motor 175 is operated in one direction at a constant speed. - In an aircraft or other power transfer unit (PTU) application,
device 100 also can replace a conventional fixed displacement bent axis pump where pumping volume and direction are varied by varying the speed of the drive, e.g., an electric motor, the conventional pump producing essentially the same disadvantages as above for an EHA pump.Device 100 can provide similar advantages, e.g., lower drive power, faster response, smaller volume and lighter weight, and simpler controls, as when it replaces a conventional EHA pump in a PTU. - A bent axis, variable displacement inline drive device 100 may comprise: a port plate 110 having a seat for receiving a rotatable cylinder block 130 therein, and having at least two fluid passages each coupled to a respective fluid port 120 and each having an arcuate opening corresponding to a different less than 180° portion of a circle; a cylinder block 130 rotatably mounted adjacent the seat of the port plate 110 for rotation about an axis, the cylinder block 130 having a circular array of axial cylinders 132 therein each having an opening at a seat end thereof adjacent the seat of the port plate 110 and located to be in alternating fluid communication with the respective openings of the two fluid passages at different rotational positions in the rotation of the cylinder block 130; a rotatable shaft 170 coupled through an opening in the port plate 110 to the cylinder block 130 for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinders 132 of the cylinder block 130 for reciprocating motion therein, each the piston having a connecting rod 140 extending from an end of the cylinder block 130 opposite the port plate 110; a rotatable spindle 150 having a circular array of receptacles therein for receiving the respective ends of the connecting rods 140; a pivotable yoke 160 having the spindle 150 rotatably mounted thereon for rotation about an axis, wherein the spindle 150 and plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinder block 130 are connected by the connecting rods 140 for rotating together, the yoke 160 being pivotable for angling the rotational axis of the spindle 150 relative to the rotational axis of the cylinder block 130. The
opening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132, whereby operating pressure urges thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or theopening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132 and aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 132 toward the port plate. Thedevice 100 may further comprise a hold downplate 152 attached to therotatable spindle 150 and rotatable therewith, wherein the hold downplate 152 retains the ends of the connectingrods 140 in the respective receptacles of therotatable spindle 150. Each connectingrod 140 may include: aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150. Thedevice 100 may further comprise auniversal link 200 connected at one end to at least one of theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at an other end to therotatable spindle 150. Theuniversal link 200 may include: a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130; or a splitspherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at therotatable spindle 150. Therotatable spindle 150 may include: amovable socket 151 for receiving anend 206 of auniversal link 200, wherein themovable socket 151 is movable axially relative to therotatable spindle 150; and aspring 169 may bias themovable socket 151 towards theuniversal link 200, whereby themovable socket 151 moves with an effective geometric length of theuniversal link 200 that changes as thepivotable yoke 160 is pivoted. Theyoke 160 may include a base for rotatably supporting therotatable spindle 150 and a pair of bearingplates 164 extending from the base, wherein theyoke 160 is pivotably supported by a pair of bearings connected to the bearingplates 164 of theyoke 160. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable by torque applied at thebearing plate 164 thereof. Thespindle 150 may be rotatably supported on theyoke 160 by an axial bearing; or by a radial bearing; or by an axial bearing and a radial bearing. Thedevice 100 may further comprise: ashaft housing 180 fixedly supporting theport plate 110 and rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130. Theshaft housing 180 may further comprise: a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170; or a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170; or a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130; or a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170; or a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130; or a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130, a shaft bearing for supporting theshaft 170 and a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170. Thedevice 100 may further comprise: ayoke 160 housing mounted to theshaft housing 180 for enclosing theyoke 160, thespindle 150 and the connectingrods 140. Thedevice 100 wherein: a power source rotates theshaft 170 to rotate thecylinder block 130 and thespindle 150 thereby to operate thedevice 100 as a pump pumping fluid through theport plate 110; or fluid flows under pressure to theport plate 110 to rotate thespindle 150 and thecylinder block 130 to operate thedevice 100 as a motor producing torque and/or rotation at theshaft 170; or a power source rotates theshaft 170 to rotate thecylinder block 130 and thespindle 150 thereby to operate thedevice 100 as a pump pumping fluid through theport plate 110 and wherein fluid flows under pressure to theport plate 110 to rotate thespindle 150 and thecylinder block 130 to operate thedevice 100 as a motor producing torque and/or rotation at theshaft 170. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable over center relative to the rotational axis of thecylinder block 130 for reversing the direction of fluid flow between therespective fluid ports 120 when thedevice 100 is utilized as a pump and for reversing the direction of rotation of theshaft 170 when thedevice 100 is utilized as a motor. - A bent axis, variable displacement inline drive pump device 100 may comprise: a port plate 110 having a seat for receiving a rotatable cylinder block 130 therein, and having at least two fluid passages each coupled to a respective fluid port 120 and each having an arcuate opening corresponding to a different less than 180° portion of a circle; a cylinder block 130 rotatably mounted adjacent the seat of the port plate 110 for rotation about an axis, the cylinder block 130 having a circular array of axial cylinders 132 therein each having an opening at a seat end thereof adjacent the seat of the port plate 110 and located to be in alternating fluid communication with the respective openings of the two fluid passages at different rotational positions in the rotation of the cylinder block 130; a rotatable shaft 170 coupled through an opening in the port plate 110 to the cylinder block 130 for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinders 132 of the cylinder block 130 for reciprocating motion therein, each the piston having a connecting rod 140 extending from an end of the cylinder block 130 opposite the port plate 110; a rotatable spindle 150 having a circular array of receptacles therein for receiving the respective ends of the connecting rods 140; a pivotable yoke 160 having the spindle 150 rotatably mounted thereon for rotation about an axis, wherein the spindle 150 and plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinder block 130 are connected by the connecting rods 140 for rotating together, the yoke 160 being pivotable for angling the rotational axis of the spindle 150 relative to the rotational axis of the cylinder block 130. The
opening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132, whereby operating pressure urges thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or theopening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132 and aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 132 toward the port plate. Thedevice 100 may further comprise a hold downplate 152 attached to therotatable spindle 150 and rotatable therewith, wherein the hold downplate 152 retains the ends of the connectingrods 140 in the respective receptacles of therotatable spindle 150. Each connectingrod 140 may include: aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150. Thedevice 100 may further comprise auniversal link 200 connected at one end to at least one of theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at an other end to therotatable spindle 150. Theuniversal link 200 may include: a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130; or a splitspherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at therotatable spindle 150. Therotatable spindle 150 may include: amovable socket 151 for receiving anend 206 of auniversal link 200, wherein themovable socket 151 is movable axially relative to therotatable spindle 150; and aspring 169 may bias themovable socket 151 towards theuniversal link 200, whereby themovable socket 151 moves with an effective geometric length of theuniversal link 200 that changes as thepivotable yoke 160 is pivoted. Theyoke 160 may include a base for rotatably supporting therotatable spindle 150 and a pair of bearingplates 164 extending from the base, wherein theyoke 160 is pivotably supported by a pair of bearings connected to the bearingplates 164 of theyoke 160. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable by torque applied at thebearing plate 164 thereof. Thespindle 150 may be rotatably supported on theyoke 160 by an axial bearing; or by a radial bearing; or by an axial bearing and a radial bearing. Thedevice 100 ofclaim 1 may further comprise: ashaft housing 180 fixedly supporting theport plate 110 and rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130. Theshaft housing 180 may further comprise: a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170; or a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170; or a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130; or a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170; or a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130; or a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130, a shaft bearing for supporting theshaft 170 and a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170. Thedevice 100 may further comprise: ayoke 160 housing mounted to theshaft housing 180 for enclosing theyoke 160, thespindle 150 and the connectingrods 140. Thedevice 100 wherein: a power source rotates theshaft 170 to rotate thecylinder block 130 and thespindle 150 thereby to operate thepump device 100 for pumping fluid through theport plate 110. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable over center relative to the rotational axis of thecylinder block 130 for reversing the direction of fluid flow between therespective fluid ports 120 of thepump device 100. - A bent axis, variable displacement inline drive device 100 may comprise: a port plate 110 having a seat for receiving a rotatable cylinder block 130 therein, and having at least two fluid passages each coupled to a respective fluid port 120 and each having an arcuate opening corresponding to a different less than 180° portion of a circle; a cylinder block 130 rotatably mounted adjacent the seat of the port plate 110 for rotation about an axis, the cylinder block 130 having a circular array of axial cylinders 132 therein each having an opening at a seat end thereof adjacent the seat of the port plate 110 and located to be in alternating fluid communication with the respective openings of the two fluid passages at different rotational positions in the rotation of the cylinder block 130; a rotatable shaft 170 coupled through an opening in the port plate 110 to the cylinder block 130 for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinders 132 of the cylinder block 130 for reciprocating motion therein, each the piston having a connecting rod 140 extending from an end of the cylinder block 130 opposite the port plate 110; a rotatable spindle 150 having a circular array of receptacles therein for receiving the respective ends of the connecting rods 140; a pivotable yoke 160 having the spindle 150 rotatably mounted thereon for rotation about an axis, wherein the spindle 150 and plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinder block 130 are connected by the connecting rods 140 for rotating together, the yoke 160 being pivotable for angling the rotational axis of the spindle 150 relative to the rotational axis of the cylinder block 130. The
opening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132, whereby operating pressure urges thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or theopening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132 and aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 132 toward the port plate. Thedevice 100 may further comprise a hold downplate 152 attached to therotatable spindle 150 and rotatable therewith, wherein the hold downplate 152 retains the ends of the connectingrods 140 in the respective receptacles of therotatable spindle 150. Each connectingrod 140 may include: aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150. Thedevice 100 may further comprise auniversal link 200 connected at one end to at least one of theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at an other end to therotatable spindle 150. Theuniversal link 200 may include: a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130; or a splitspherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at therotatable spindle 150. Therotatable spindle 150 may include: amovable socket 151 for receiving anend 206 of auniversal link 200, wherein themovable socket 151 is movable axially relative to therotatable spindle 150; and aspring 169 may bias themovable socket 151 towards theuniversal link 200, whereby themovable socket 151 moves with an effective geometric length of theuniversal link 200 that changes as thepivotable yoke 160 is pivoted. Theyoke 160 may include a base for rotatably supporting therotatable spindle 150 and a pair of bearingplates 164 extending from the base, wherein theyoke 160 is pivotably supported by a pair of bearings connected to the bearingplates 164 of theyoke 160. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable by torque applied at thebearing plate 164 thereof. Thespindle 150 may be rotatably supported on theyoke 160 by an axial bearing; or by a radial bearing; or by an axial bearing and a radial bearing. Thedevice 100 ofclaim 1 may further comprise: ashaft housing 180 fixedly supporting theport plate 110 and rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130. Theshaft housing 180 may further comprise: a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170; or a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170; or a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130; or a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170; or a shaft bearing for rotatably supporting theshaft 170 and a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130; or a bearing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130, a shaft bearing for supporting theshaft 170 and a shaft seal surrounding theshaft 170. Thedevice 100 of claim 9 may further comprise: ayoke 160 housing mounted to theshaft housing 180 for enclosing theyoke 160, thespindle 150 and the connectingrods 140. Thedevice 100 wherein: fluid flows under pressure to theport plate 110 to rotate thespindle 150 and thecylinder block 130 to operate thedevice 100 as a motor producing torque and/or rotation at theshaft 170. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable over center relative to the rotational axis of thecylinder block 130 for reversing the direction of rotation of theshaft 170 of themotor device 100. - A bent axis, variable displacement inline drive device rotating group 130-160 may comprise: a cylinder block 130 rotatably mountable for rotation about an axis, the cylinder block 130 having a circular array of axial cylinders 132 therein each having an opening at a seat end of the cylinder block 130 located to be in alternating fluid communication with respective openings of two fluid passage openings of a port plate 110 at different rotational positions in the rotation of the cylinder block 130 when a port plate 110 is adjacent the cylinder block 130; the cylinder block 130 having a central opening at the seat end thereof for receiving a rotatable shaft 170, whereby a rotatable shaft 170 may be coupled to the cylinder block 130 through an opening in a port plate 110 for rotating therewith; a plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinders 132 of the cylinder block 130 for reciprocating motion therein, each the piston having a connecting rod 140 extending from an end of the cylinder block 130 opposite the seat end thereof; a rotatable spindle 150 having a circular array of receptacles therein for receiving the respective ends of the connecting rods 140; a pivotable yoke 160 having the spindle 150 rotatably mounted thereon for rotation about an axis, wherein the spindle 150 and the plurality of pistons 142 disposed in the cylinder block 130 are connected by the connecting rods 140 for rotating together, the yoke 160 being pivotable for angling the rotational axis of the spindle 150 relative to the rotational axis of the cylinder block 130. The
opening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132, whereby operating pressure urges thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 130 toward theport plate 120; or theopening 133 at the seat end of eachaxial cylinder 132 may have a smaller diameter than does theaxial cylinder 132 and aspring 169 may urge thecylinder block 132 toward the port plate. The rotating group 130-160 may further comprise a hold downplate 152 attached to therotatable spindle 150 and rotatable therewith, wherein the hold downplate 152 retains the ends of the connectingrods 140 in the respective receptacles of therotatable spindle 150. Each connectingrod 140 may include: aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or aspherical ball spherical ball rotatable spindle 150. The rotating group 130-160 may further comprise auniversal link 200 connected at one end to at least one of theshaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at an other end to therotatable spindle 150. Theuniversal link 200 may include: a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130; or a splitspherical ball rotatable spindle 150; or a splitspherical ball shaft 170 and thecylinder block 130 and at therotatable spindle 150. Therotatable spindle 150 may include: amovable socket 151 for receiving anend 206 of auniversal link 200, wherein themovable socket 151 is movable axially relative to therotatable spindle 150; and aspring 169 may bias themovable socket 151 towards theuniversal link 200, whereby themovable socket 151 moves with an effective geometric length of theuniversal link 200 that changes as thepivotable yoke 160 is pivoted. Theyoke 160 may include a base for rotatably supporting therotatable spindle 150 and a pair of bearingplates 164 extending from the base, wherein theyoke 160 may be pivotably supported by a pair of bearings connected to the bearingplates 164 of theyoke 160. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable by torque applied at thebearing plate 164 thereof. Thespindle 150 may be rotatably supported on theyoke 160 by an axial bearing; or by a radial bearing; or by an axial bearing and a radial bearing. The rotating group 130-160 may further comprise: a housing rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130 and a bearing in the housing for rotatably supporting thecylinder block 130. Theyoke 160 may be pivotable over center relative to the rotational axis of thecylinder block 130 for reversing the direction of fluid flow between the respective fluid passages of aport plate 120 when the device rotating group 130-160 is utilized in a pump and for reversing the direction of rotation of thecylinder block 130 when the device rotating group 130-160 is utilized in a motor. - As used herein, the term “about” means that dimensions, sizes, formulations, parameters, shapes and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. In general, a dimension, size, formulation, parameter, shape or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such. It is noted that embodiments of very different sizes, shapes and dimensions may employ the described arrangements.
- Although terms such as “up,” “down,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “rear,” “side,” “top,” “bottom,” “forward,” “backward,” “under” and/or “over,” and the like may be used herein as a convenience in describing one or more embodiments and/or uses of the present arrangement, the articles described may be positioned in any desired orientation and/or may be utilized in any desired position and/or orientation. Such terms of position and/or orientation should be understood as being for convenience only, and not as limiting of the invention as claimed.
- Further, what is stated as being “optimum” or “deemed optimum” may or may not be a true optimum condition, but is the condition deemed to be desirable or acceptably “optimum” by virtue of its being selected in accordance with the decision rules and/or criteria defined by the designer and/or applicable controlling function, e.g., an optimum operating condition of pressure, fluid flow and shaft rotation may be specified even though the
device 100 may typically be operated at a different operating condition or over a range of operating conditions, and the optimum condition may be different whendevice 100 is utilized as a pump than when it is utilized as a motor. - While the present invention has been described in terms of the foregoing example embodiments, variations within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the claims following will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, connecting
rods 140 are illustrated as having an example ball and socket connection topistons 142 and atspindle 150, however, such connection need not be provided atpistons 142 and other arrangements, e.g., shoes or sliders, could be provided atspindle 150. - Further,
cylinder block 130 andshaft 170 may be two separate pieces connected by one or more splines or keys as illustrated, or may be a single piece, either machined or permanently fixed together. - Still further,
pistons 142 may be one piece and assembled to connectingrods 140, e.g., by swaging the lip ofsocket 143 ofpiston 142 to capture and retain the ball end 144 ofrod 140 therein, or may be two pieces, the piston and an annular plug, that are assembled with the annular plug being pressed intosocket 143 to capture and retain ball end 144 ofrod 140 topiston 142. In addition and/or alternatively, connectingrods 140 may be a single piece as illustrated, or may be two pieces each comprising aball end end 144 is captured and retained insocket 143 ofpiston 142, e.g., by welding of the connecting shaft. - Typically, hold down
plate 152 that captures and retains balled ends 146 of connectingrods 140 in thesockets 153 ofspindle 150 may have circular openings through whichpiston connecting rods 140 pass and each circular opening may have a radial slot that connects the circular opening and the perimeter of hold downplate 152 so that the connecting shaft part of connectingrod 140 may pass through the radial slots. Alternatively, where connectingrods 140 are provided in two pieces, one piece thereof could be passed through the circular opening of hold downplate 152 before the two portions of the connecting shaft of connectingrod 140 are welded together. - In KERS and/or HD systems, either two or four-wheel drive may be provided, by conventional transmissions and drive shafts in a parallel hybrid system and by plural
wheel drive devices 100W in a series hybrid system. In a parallel two wheel drive hybrid system, the two wheels not mechanically driven may be driven bywheel drive devices 100W thereby to provide a pseudo series/parallel arrangement wherein all four wheels may be driven, two by mechanical coupling fromengine 310 and the other two byfluid drive devices 100W. - Each of the U.S. Provisional Applications, U.S. patent applications, and/or U.S. patents identified herein are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, for any purpose and for all purposes irrespective of how it may be referred to herein.
- Finally, numerical values stated are typical or example values, are not limiting values, and do not preclude substantially larger and/or substantially smaller values. Values in any given embodiment may be substantially larger and/or may be substantially smaller than the example or typical values stated.
Claims (57)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/589,412 US20130199362A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2012-08-20 | Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor |
EP13743850.3A EP2812572A4 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2013-01-31 | Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor |
PCT/US2013/023991 WO2013116430A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2013-01-31 | Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor |
TW102104086A TW201400701A (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2013-02-01 | Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261594091P | 2012-02-02 | 2012-02-02 | |
US13/589,412 US20130199362A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2012-08-20 | Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20130199362A1 true US20130199362A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
Family
ID=48901755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/589,412 Abandoned US20130199362A1 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2012-08-20 | Bent axis variable delivery inline drive axial piston pump and/or motor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130199362A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2812572A4 (en) |
TW (1) | TW201400701A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013116430A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140308139A1 (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-16 | Medhat Kamel Bahr Khalil | Double swash plate pump with adjustable valve ring concept |
US20150377350A1 (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2015-12-31 | Claas Industrietechnik Gmbh | Transmission arrangement |
US20160273574A1 (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2016-09-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for powering a generator with a vehicle power take-off |
US9956850B2 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2018-05-01 | Carrier Corporation | Kinetic energy hybrid system for transport refrigeration |
US20180128347A1 (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-10 | CONTISSI Spólka z ograniczona odpowiedzialnoscia | Device with a reciprocating motion mechanism enabling the conversion of its moment of inertia into rotational speed or rotational speed into moment of inertia |
US20210048008A1 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Motor-Hydraulic Machine Unit for Attachment to a Hydraulic Assembly |
EP3721092A4 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2021-04-14 | Fluid Metering Inc. | Mechanism for course and fine adjustment of flows in fixed displacement pump |
CN113565731A (en) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-10-29 | 西南石油大学 | Carry on hydrogen compressor of plunger type pressurized cylinder |
US11460013B2 (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2022-10-04 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Bent axis hydraulic pump with centrifugal assist |
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US2787143A (en) * | 1955-06-28 | 1957-04-02 | Richard T Cornelius | Universal joints |
US4075933A (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1978-02-28 | Gresen Manufacturing Company | Hydraulic pump or motor |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20140308139A1 (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-16 | Medhat Kamel Bahr Khalil | Double swash plate pump with adjustable valve ring concept |
US9956850B2 (en) | 2013-11-04 | 2018-05-01 | Carrier Corporation | Kinetic energy hybrid system for transport refrigeration |
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US20180128347A1 (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-10 | CONTISSI Spólka z ograniczona odpowiedzialnoscia | Device with a reciprocating motion mechanism enabling the conversion of its moment of inertia into rotational speed or rotational speed into moment of inertia |
US11460013B2 (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2022-10-04 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Bent axis hydraulic pump with centrifugal assist |
EP3721092A4 (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2021-04-14 | Fluid Metering Inc. | Mechanism for course and fine adjustment of flows in fixed displacement pump |
US20210048008A1 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Motor-Hydraulic Machine Unit for Attachment to a Hydraulic Assembly |
CN112392676A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2021-02-23 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Motor-hydraulic machine unit for mounting on a hydraulic unit |
US11795926B2 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2023-10-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Motor-hydraulic machine unit for attachment to a hydraulic assembly |
CN113565731A (en) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-10-29 | 西南石油大学 | Carry on hydrogen compressor of plunger type pressurized cylinder |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201400701A (en) | 2014-01-01 |
WO2013116430A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
EP2812572A4 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
EP2812572A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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