US20130048250A1 - Heat pipe made of composite material and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Heat pipe made of composite material and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130048250A1
US20130048250A1 US13/218,684 US201113218684A US2013048250A1 US 20130048250 A1 US20130048250 A1 US 20130048250A1 US 201113218684 A US201113218684 A US 201113218684A US 2013048250 A1 US2013048250 A1 US 2013048250A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
wick
composite material
pipe made
tube
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Abandoned
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US13/218,684
Inventor
Himanshu Pokharna
Gin-Hwee Tan
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US13/218,684 priority Critical patent/US20130048250A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
    • H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49353—Heat pipe device making

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The heat pipe made of composite material is a sealed hollow tube being a multilayer structure made of a composite material including copper and aluminum, is filled with water and has an inner surface, an evaporator end, a condenser end and a wick. The wick is attached to the inner surface of the tube. The invention provides a cost effective and lightweight heat pipe as it uses aluminum, which is cheap and light in weight. Also, the invention provides a high performance heat pipe system as it uses copper, which is highly thermally conductive. Therefore, the heat pipe is desirable for thermal management applications in a variety of products.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The present invention relates to a heat pipe, and more particularly to a heat pipe made of copper and aluminum for high performance and less weight and manufacturing cost.
  • 2. Description of the Prior Arts
  • Heat pipes provide very high conductivity for transmitting heat and are used in thermal management applications in a variety of systems and products. With reference to FIG. 10, a conventional heat pipe is a sealed hollow tube 20, is filled with water 24, is evacuated to lower an evaporation temperature of the water 24 and has an inner surface, an evaporator end 21, a condenser end 22 and a wick 23. The wick 23 is attached to the inner surface of the tube 20.
  • The heat pipe works on a principle of evaporative cooling of the water 24. The evaporator end 21 absorbs heat from a heat source and transfers the heat to the water 24. The water 24 absorbs the heat and evaporates to form vapor. The vapor flows to the condenser end 22 in a direction of arrows d1, dissipates the heat to cooling components (e.g. fins) and then condenses to form droplets. The condensed water 24 flows back to the evaporator end 21 in a direction of arrows d2 due to capillary force exerted by the wick 23. Thereby, the water 24 is circulated in the tube 20 and transfers heat from the evaporator end 21 to the condenser end 22.
  • One kind of the conventional heat pipe is made of a high thermal conductivity material such as copper. However, copper has a density of 8.92 grams per cubic centimeter and that results in a relatively heavy weight of the heat pipe. Besides, copper is an expensive metal and thus results in a high cost of the heat pipe. Another kind of the conventional heat pipe is made of a lighter and less costly material such as aluminum. However, aluminum gets corroded when it comes in contact with water over time. Further, aluminum and water react to generate hydrogen gas which gets accumulated inside the heat pipe as a non-condensable gas. This results in a significant loss in performance of the heat pipe. Accordingly, heat pipes with both less weight and manufacturing cost and high performance are needed.
  • To overcome the shortcomings, the present invention provides a heat pipe made of composite material to mitigate or obviate the aforementioned problems.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The main object of the present invention is to provide a heat pipe made of copper and aluminum for high performance and less weight and manufacturing cost.
  • To achieve the foregoing objective, the heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention is a sealed hollow tube being a multilayer structure made of a composite material including copper and aluminum, is filled with water and has an inner surface, an evaporator end, a condenser end and a wick. The wick is attached to the inner surface of the tube. The invention provides a cost effective and lightweight heat pipe as it uses aluminum, which is cheap and light in weight. Also, the invention provides a high performance heat pipe system as it uses copper, which is highly thermally conductive. Therefore, the heat pipe is desirable for thermal management applications in a variety of products.
  • Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a side view in partial section of a first embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional front view of the heat pipe made of composite material in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional front view of a second embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional front view of a third embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional front view of a fourth embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional front view of a fifth embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional front view of a sixth embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 8 is a cross sectional front view of a seventh embodiment of a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of a method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention; and
  • FIG. 10 is a side view in partial section of a conventional heat pipe in accordance with the prior art.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention is a sealed hollow tube 10 being a multilayer structure made of a composite material, is filled with water 13, is evacuated to lower an evaporation temperature of the water 13 and has an inner surface, an evaporator end 11, a condenser end 12 and a wick 16. The composite material includes a high thermal conductivity material such as copper and a lighter and less costly material such as aluminum. The wick 16 is attached to the inner surface of the tube 10.
  • In a first embodiment, the tube 10 comprises an inner layer 14 and an outer layer 15. The inner layer 14 is made of copper. The outer layer 15 is made of aluminum and is clad around the inner layer 14 using a method such as diffusion bonding or press fitting. The wick 16 is attached to an inner surface of the inner layer 14.
  • With reference to FIG. 3, in a second embodiment, the tube 10A comprises an inner layer 14A, a mid layer 17A and an outer layer 15A. The inner layer 14 is made of copper. The mid layer 17A is made of aluminum and is clad around the inner layer 14A using a method such as diffusion bonding or press fitting. The outer layer 15A is made of copper and is clad around the mid layer 17A using a method such as diffusion bonding or press fitting. The wick 16A is attached to an inner surface of the inner layer 14A.
  • The wick 16 may be a screen mesh wick, a groove wick or a fiber wick. FIGS. 4 to 8 show various embodiments of the wick 16. With reference to FIG. 4, the wick 16B is a screen mesh wick and has a mesh structure mounted around the inner surface of the inner layer 14B. With reference to FIG. 5, the wick 16C is a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves. The grooves of the wick 16C are formed around the inner surface of the inner layer 14C and are rectangular in cross section. With reference to FIG. 6, the wick 16D is a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves. The grooves of the wick 16D are formed around the inner surface of the inner layer 14D and are triangular in cross section. With reference to FIG. 7, the wick 16E is both a screen mesh wick and a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves and a mesh structure. With reference to FIG. 8, the wick 16F is a fiber wick and has a fiber wick structure mounted around the inner surface of the inner layer 14F.
  • With reference to FIG. 1, when the heat pipe is in operation, the evaporator end 11 contacts a heat source and the condenser end 12 contacts cooling components. The water 13 absorbs heat at the evaporator end 11 and gets evaporated to form vapor. The vapor flows to the condenser end 12 in a direction of arrows D1, dissipates the heat to the cooling components and then condenses to form droplets. The condensed water 13 flows back to the evaporator end 11 in a direction of arrows D2 due to capillary force exerted by the wick 16. In this manner, the heat transfer effect is achieved.
  • The present invention provides a high performance, cost effective and lightweight heat pipe as it uses both copper and aluminum. Therefore, the heat pipe is desirable for thermal management applications in a variety of electronics products such as notebook computers, desktop computers, servers, LEDs, etc.
  • With reference to FIG. 9, a method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material in accordance with the present invention comprising:
  • Step 1. Forming a tube: an outer layer is clad around an inner layer using a method such as diffusion bonding or press fitting to form a tube with a multilayer structure.
  • Step 2. Cutting and cleaning the tube: the tube is cut to a desirable length and is cleaned.
  • Step 3. Attaching a wick: a wick is attached to an inner surface of the inner layer to provide capillary force and one end of the tube is sealed thereafter.
  • Step 4. Evacuating the tube: the tube is evacuated.
  • Step 5. Filling water: water is filled into the tube and the other end of the tube is sealed thereafter.
  • Step 6. Subsequent processing: the tube is flattened to have a rectangular cross-section or the tube is bended to form a desirable shape corresponding to a product that needs to be cooled.
  • Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and features of the invention, the disclosure is illustrative only. Changes may be made in the details, especially in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of parts within the principles of the invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.

Claims (27)

1. A heat pipe made of composite material being a sealed hollow tube being a multilayer structure made of a composite material including copper and aluminum, evacuated, filled with water and having an inner surface, an evaporator end, a condenser end, and a wick attached to the inner surface of the tube.
2. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tube has
an inner layer made of copper; and
an outer layer made of aluminum and clad around the inner layer.
3. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer layer is diffusion bonded to the inner layer.
4. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the outer layer is press-fitted to the inner layer.
5. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tube has
an inner layer made of copper;
a mid layer made of aluminum and clad around the inner layer; and
an outer layer made of copper and clad around the mid layer.
6. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mid layer is diffusion bonded to the inner layer and the outer layer is diffusion bonded to the mid layer.
7. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mid layer is press-fitted to the inner layer and the outer layer is press-fitted to the mid layer.
8. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wick is a screen mesh wick and has a mesh structure mounted around the inner surface of the tube.
9. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wick is a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves formed around the inner surface of the tube.
10. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the grooves of the wick are rectangular in cross section.
11. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the grooves of the wick are triangular in cross section.
12. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wick is both a screen mesh wick and a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves and a mesh structure.
13. The heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wick is a fiber wick and has a fiber wick structure mounted around the inner surface of the tube.
14. A method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material comprising:
a tube forming step, wherein an outer layer is clad around an inner layer to form a tube with a multilayer structure;
a wick attaching step, wherein a wick is attached to an inner surface of the inner layer and one end of the tube is sealed thereafter; and
water filling step, wherein water is filled into the tube and the other end of the tube is sealed thereafter.
15. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the outer layer is clad around the inner layer by diffusion bonding.
16. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the outer layer is clad around the inner layer by press fitting.
17. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a step of cutting the tube to a desirable length after the tube forming step.
18. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a step of cleaning the tube after the tube forming step.
19. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a step of evacuating the tube after the wick attaching step.
20. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a subsequent processing of flattening the tube after the water filling step.
21. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14 further comprising a subsequent processing of bending the tube after the water filling step.
22. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the wick is a screen mesh wick and has a mesh structure mounted around the inner surface of the tube.
23. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the wick is a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves formed around the inner surface of the tube.
24. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 23, wherein the grooves of the wick are rectangular in cross section.
25. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 23, wherein the grooves of the wick are triangular in cross section.
26. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the wick is both a screen mesh wick and a groove wick and has multiple axial grooves and a mesh structure.
27. The method of manufacturing a heat pipe made of composite material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the wick is a fiber wick and has a fiber wick structure mounted around the inner surface of the tube.
US13/218,684 2011-08-26 2011-08-26 Heat pipe made of composite material and method of manufacturing the same Abandoned US20130048250A1 (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120160457A1 (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-28 Kilyoung Kim Compound heat pipe, method of manufacturing the same, heat exchanger and heat exchanger system using the same
CN103411456A (en) * 2013-07-21 2013-11-27 黄然 Combined material achieving temperature control conversion of heat conduction/heat insulation performance based on operation material storage and phase transition principle
US20130312938A1 (en) * 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with vaporized working fluid flow accelerator
US9481056B2 (en) * 2011-08-17 2016-11-01 Chaun-Choung Technology Corp. Method of making lightweight heat pipe
US20170328647A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-16 The Boeing Company Composite heat pipes and sandwich panels, radiator panels, and spacecraft with composite heat pipes
WO2018221939A1 (en) * 2017-05-29 2018-12-06 주식회사 씨지아이 Thin plate-type heat pipe and method for manufacturing same
CN109028683A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 广州金抡电器有限公司 A kind of aluminum steel compound heat conduction tube
EP3816564A1 (en) * 2019-10-29 2021-05-05 BAE SYSTEMS plc Cooling device for cooling electronic components
WO2021167871A1 (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Metal wick crimping method for heat pipe internals
US11769600B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2023-09-26 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Heat transfer module

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4846263A (en) * 1984-12-27 1989-07-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Heat pipe
US20010030039A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-10-18 Showa Aluminum Corporation Aluminum-copper clad member, method of manufacturing the same, and heat sink
US20050269065A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-08 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with hydrophilic layer and/or protective layer and method for making same
US20060011328A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Hsu Hul-Chun Wick structure of heat pipe
US20070034357A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-15 Chuen-Shu Hou Heat pipe and method of producing the same
US20080105406A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-08 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with variable grooved-wick structure and method for manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4846263A (en) * 1984-12-27 1989-07-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Heat pipe
US20010030039A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-10-18 Showa Aluminum Corporation Aluminum-copper clad member, method of manufacturing the same, and heat sink
US20050269065A1 (en) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-08 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with hydrophilic layer and/or protective layer and method for making same
US20060011328A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Hsu Hul-Chun Wick structure of heat pipe
US20070034357A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-15 Chuen-Shu Hou Heat pipe and method of producing the same
US20080105406A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-08 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with variable grooved-wick structure and method for manufacturing the same

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120160457A1 (en) * 2010-12-24 2012-06-28 Kilyoung Kim Compound heat pipe, method of manufacturing the same, heat exchanger and heat exchanger system using the same
US9481056B2 (en) * 2011-08-17 2016-11-01 Chaun-Choung Technology Corp. Method of making lightweight heat pipe
US20130312938A1 (en) * 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Foxconn Technology Co., Ltd. Heat pipe with vaporized working fluid flow accelerator
CN103411456A (en) * 2013-07-21 2013-11-27 黄然 Combined material achieving temperature control conversion of heat conduction/heat insulation performance based on operation material storage and phase transition principle
US20170328647A1 (en) * 2016-05-12 2017-11-16 The Boeing Company Composite heat pipes and sandwich panels, radiator panels, and spacecraft with composite heat pipes
US10018426B2 (en) * 2016-05-12 2018-07-10 The Boeing Company Composite heat pipes and sandwich panels, radiator panels, and spacecraft with composite heat pipes
WO2018221939A1 (en) * 2017-05-29 2018-12-06 주식회사 씨지아이 Thin plate-type heat pipe and method for manufacturing same
CN110710342A (en) * 2017-05-29 2020-01-17 株式会社Cgi Thin plate type heat pipe and method for manufacturing the same
CN109028683A (en) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-18 广州金抡电器有限公司 A kind of aluminum steel compound heat conduction tube
EP3816564A1 (en) * 2019-10-29 2021-05-05 BAE SYSTEMS plc Cooling device for cooling electronic components
WO2021167871A1 (en) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Metal wick crimping method for heat pipe internals
US11709022B2 (en) 2020-02-21 2023-07-25 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Metal wick crimping method for heat pipe internals
US11769600B2 (en) 2020-09-03 2023-09-26 Uchicago Argonne, Llc Heat transfer module

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