US20130048245A1 - Heat Exchanger Having Improved Drain System - Google Patents

Heat Exchanger Having Improved Drain System Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130048245A1
US20130048245A1 US13/697,070 US201113697070A US2013048245A1 US 20130048245 A1 US20130048245 A1 US 20130048245A1 US 201113697070 A US201113697070 A US 201113697070A US 2013048245 A1 US2013048245 A1 US 2013048245A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
drain
headers
manifold
heat exchanger
pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/697,070
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph E. Schroeder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nooter Eriksen Inc
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Nooter Eriksen Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nooter Eriksen Inc filed Critical Nooter Eriksen Inc
Priority to US13/697,070 priority Critical patent/US20130048245A1/en
Assigned to NOOTER/ERIKSEN, INC. reassignment NOOTER/ERIKSEN, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SCHROEDER, JOSEPH E.
Publication of US20130048245A1 publication Critical patent/US20130048245A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes
    • F22B21/12—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially straight water tubes involving two or more upper drums and two or more lower drums, e.g. with crosswise-arranged water-tube sets in abutting connections with drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/50—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers for draining or expelling water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F17/00—Removing ice or water from heat-exchange apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/06—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction by using means for draining heat exchange media from heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates in general to heat exchangers and more particularly to a heat exchanger having an improved drain system, to the drain system itself; and to a heat recovery steam generator containing the heat exchanger.
  • HRSGs Heat recovery steam generators
  • the typical HRSG includes multiple heat exchangers located one after the other in the flow of hot exhaust gases from a gas turbine.
  • heat exchangers are an economizer for elevating the temperature of feed water, an evaporator for converting the high temperature water discharged by the economizer into saturated steam, and a superheater for converting the saturated steam into superheated steam.
  • Many HRSGs have more than one economizer, evaporator, and superheater operating at different pressures.
  • An economizer operates with a full charge of water. Indeed, it simply heats the water so that the evaporator to which it is connected consumes less heat converting the water to saturated steam.
  • the superheater contains only steam during operation of the HRSG, but when the HRSG is taken off line and shut down, the steam within the superheater condenses and water collects in its lower regions. From time to time, economizers and superheaters require servicing, and many service procedures involve draining the water that remains in those components. Likewise, some HRSGs operate in environments that experience temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. When those HRSGs are taken out of service, the economizers and superheaters should be drained to prevent water from freezing in them. Hence, the economizers and superheaters have drain systems at their lower regions for removing water from them.
  • Every HRSG includes a duct-like structure, called a casing, having an inlet and an outlet.
  • Hot gas from a gas turbine or other source enters the casing at the inlet and flows through the casing, discharging at the outlet.
  • the gas encounters at least one superheater, at least one evaporator, and an economizer, generally in that order with respect to the flow of the gas. While some of the components of the drain systems for both the economizer and the superheater exist within the casing, the remaining components lie outside the casing.
  • Economizers and superheaters include coils that can consist of multiple rows of tubes, with the tube rows being arranged one after the other in the flow of hot gases ( FIG. 2 ).
  • the tubes are connected to a lower header that extends horizontally and also transversely with respect to the gas flow.
  • the lower headers facilitate circulation through the coil and enable it to be drained.
  • Drain piping cannot be connected directly between headers because water will transfer from header to header without passing through the tubes. This bypass from tube row to tube row to row will diminish the coil performance.
  • each coil requires drain piping that includes numerous small bore pipes and fittings, both internal of the HRSG casing and external to it as well. The latter require penetration seals in the floor of the casing.
  • the typical coil ( FIG. 2 ) has a drain pipe leading away from each lower header, through the casing to a valve located outside of the casing. Beyond its valve, each drain pipe opens into a drain manifold also located external to the casing, and it contains a common drain valve to provide redundancy. This requires multiple penetrations of the casing, and each penetration requires a seal that is welded to the pipe and to the floor of the casing. It also requires making welds within the confines of the casing where each drain pipe connects with its lower header. More welds are required externally of the casing at couplings and elbows in the drain pipes as well as at the valve in each drain pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a heat recovery steam generator having heat exchangers constructed in accordance with and embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a drain system for a prior art heat exchanger
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a coil for the heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the coil shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the drain system for the heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is another perspective view of the drain system for the heat exchanger.
  • a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) A includes a casing 2 , which is essentially a large duct having an inlet 4 and an outlet 6 . Between the inlet 4 and the outlet 6 the casing 2 has a floor 8 that supports several heat exchangers for converting subcooled water into superheated steam.
  • a hot gas typically the exhaust of a gas- or oil-fired turbine, enters the casing 2 at its inlet 4 , passes through the several heat exchangers which extract heat from it, and leaves through the outlet 6 at a substantially reduced temperature.
  • an economizer 12 for bringing subcooled water, which might be the condensate from a steam turbine, to a higher temperature
  • an evaporator 14 for converting the heated subcooled water derived from the economizer 12 to saturated steam
  • a superheater 16 for converting the saturated steam to superheated steam.
  • the HRSG may have more than one economizer 12 , evaporator 14 and superheater 16 organized in groups that operate at different pressures. Each group has a pump located before or after its economizer 12 , and that pump controls the pressures at which the group operates.
  • the superheater 16 precedes the evaporator 14 and the evaporator 14 precedes the economizer 12 .
  • the economizer 12 and the superheater 16 will retain water when the HRSG
  • the economizer 12 includes ( FIGS. 3 & 4 ) a coil 18 that is located in the casing 2 and a drain system 20 that is located below the coil 18 and for the most part inside the casing 2 .
  • the coil 18 has tubes 22 that extend vertically and are organized in multiple rows 24 that extend transversely with respect to the flow of gas through the casing 2 .
  • the coil 18 has a supply header 26 that extends over the row 24 of tubes 22 located downstream in the flow of the exhaust gas through the coil 18 and is provided with an inlet port 28 .
  • a discharge header 30 extends over the tubes 22 , and it has an outlet port 32 .
  • the supply header 26 connects with and opens into the upper end of every other tube 22 of the endmost downstream row 24 .
  • the remaining tubes 22 of the endmost downstream row 24 connect with the upper ends of adjacent tubes 22 , that is to say with every other tube 22 , in the next row 24 through U-shaped transitions 34 .
  • the upper ends of the remaining tubes 22 in the next row are connected at their upper ends to the upper ends of adjacent tubes 22 in the next row 24 upstream from it through still more transitions 34 .
  • the same pattern of transitions 34 at the upper ends of the tubes 22 continues through the coil 18 to the discharge header 30 . There the upper end of every other tube 22 in the next to endmost row 24 and the upper ends of all of the tubes 22 in the endmost row 24 open into the discharge header 30 .
  • each lower header 36 has a drain port 38 .
  • Subcooled water such as the condensate from a steam turbine, enters the coil 18 at the inlet port 28 of its supply header 26 .
  • the header 28 distributes the water to every other tube 23 of the endmost downstream row 24 through which it flows downwardly into the lower header 36 to which those tubes 22 are connected.
  • the water rises out of the lower header 36 at the remaining tubes 22 of the endmost row 24 .
  • the water flows into every other tube 22 of the next row 24 through the U-shaped transitions 34 that connect those tubes 22 .
  • the water circulates through the coil 18 from one row 24 to the next in a like manner and at the endmost upstream rows enters the discharge header 30 . It leaves the header 30 at the outlet port 32 and flows on to the evaporator 14 . As the water circulates through the coil 18 its temperature increases, but even so it leaves the discharge port 32 in a subcooled condition.
  • the lower headers 36 lie above the floor 8 of the casing 2 , while the drain system 20 for the most part occupies the space between the lower headers 36 and the floor 8 .
  • the drain system 20 includes ( FIGS. 5 & 6 ) drain pipes 40 that extend downwardly from the discharge ports 38 , to which they are connected, and then transition horizontally.
  • each drain pipe 40 has a generally upright segment 42 and a generally horizontal segment 44 .
  • the discharger ports 38 are located near the ends of their respective headers 36 , with the ports 38 for alternating headers 36 being located at opposite ends of those headers 36 .
  • the horizontal segments 44 of the drain pipes 40 for alternating headers 36 approach the bottom center of the coil 18 from opposite directions.
  • the drain pipes 40 are provided with check valves 48 that are oriented such that water will flow through the drain pipes 40 to the manifold 46 , but not in the opposite direction.
  • the check valves 48 which may be located in either the upright segments 42 or the horizontal segments 44 , allow water to drain from the coil 18 and lower headers 36 when the manifold 46 is opened, but prevent water from circulating from header 36 to header 36 through the drain system 20 and thus bypassing the tubes 22 .
  • all of the drain pipes 40 should contain a check valve 48 , except the drain pipe 40 that connects with the endmost header 36 at the downstream end of the coil 18 .
  • That drain pipe 40 need not contain a check valve 48 , although it may.
  • Each check valve 48 should open under a low head, that is to say with a small pressure differential across it. Preferably it should take the form of a swing-type valve. If a check valve 48 does not close completely, only minor bypassing from header 36 to header 36 will occur.
  • the drain manifold 48 has a common drain port 50 that opens downwardly. All that resides above it, including the tubes 22 , the headers 26 , 30 , 36 as well as the drain pipes 40 , the check valves 48 and the drain manifold 46 , may be assembled in a shop and shipped as a unit to the site where the HRSG A is assembled. This includes most of the drain system 20 . Contrast this with a conventional heat exchanger where the drains and their valves are installed at the site of the HRSG at considerable expense and inconvenience.
  • the drain port 50 of the drain manifold 46 is connected to a common drain line 52 that extends downwardly from the manifold 46 and penetrates the floor 8 of the casing 2 at a single seal 54 .
  • the drain line 52 contains two drain valves 56 arranged in succession, with the last of the two providing redundancy. This eliminates the congestion of piping found below the floors of casings for HRSGs equipped with traditional drain systems.
  • the coil 18 with the improved drain system 20 serves as the economizer 12 in the HRSG A
  • the coil 18 and its drain system 20 may be used on other heat exchangers having multiple lower headers 36 in which water may collect.
  • the superheater 16 while in operation contains only steam, but when taken out of operation, that steam may condense and occupy the lower regions of its tubes 22 and lower headers 36 .
  • the superheater 16 may take the form of the coil 18 , although with fewer tubes 22 and lower headers 36 , and may have the improved drain system 20 .
  • a feedwater heater to the extent that it may differ from an economizer, could be furnished with the drain system 20 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US13/697,070 2010-05-20 2011-05-13 Heat Exchanger Having Improved Drain System Abandoned US20130048245A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/697,070 US20130048245A1 (en) 2010-05-20 2011-05-13 Heat Exchanger Having Improved Drain System

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34674210P 2010-05-20 2010-05-20
US13/697,070 US20130048245A1 (en) 2010-05-20 2011-05-13 Heat Exchanger Having Improved Drain System
PCT/US2011/036429 WO2011146333A2 (fr) 2010-05-20 2011-05-13 Echangeur de chaleur ayant un meilleur système de drainage

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US20130048245A1 true US20130048245A1 (en) 2013-02-28

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US (1) US20130048245A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011146333A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170307208A1 (en) * 2014-10-09 2017-10-26 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Once-through vertical tubed supercritical evaporator coil for an hrsg
US20180135467A1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2018-05-17 General Electric Company Cooling of gas turbine at varying loads
US20220136776A1 (en) * 2019-04-18 2022-05-05 Guntner GMBH & co. KG Heat exchanger assembly having at least one multi-pass heat exchanger and method for operating a heat exchanger assembly
EP4368934A1 (fr) * 2022-11-14 2024-05-15 Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. Échangeur de chaleur à passage unique et système de production d'énergie combiné le comprenant

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2286604A (en) * 1938-06-25 1942-06-16 Honeywell Regulator Co Air conditioning system
US20090173072A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Alstom Technology Ltd. Flexible assembly of recuperator for combustion turbine exhaust
US20090308580A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Hideaki Yumoto Hot water generator

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5247991A (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-09-28 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Heat exchanger unit for heat recovery steam generator
JPH1163404A (ja) * 1997-08-25 1999-03-05 Babcock Hitachi Kk 排熱回収ボイラとそのドレン抜き管煙道底板貫通部伸縮継手腐食防止法
JP2000028101A (ja) * 1998-07-10 2000-01-25 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 排熱回収ボイラの伝熱管構造
JP3115294B2 (ja) * 1999-01-29 2000-12-04 株式会社東芝 排熱回収ボイラおよびそのホットバンキング解除方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2286604A (en) * 1938-06-25 1942-06-16 Honeywell Regulator Co Air conditioning system
US20090173072A1 (en) * 2008-01-07 2009-07-09 Alstom Technology Ltd. Flexible assembly of recuperator for combustion turbine exhaust
US20090308580A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-17 Hideaki Yumoto Hot water generator

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Translation of Japanese Document JP 11063404A named TRANS-JP 11063404A *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170307208A1 (en) * 2014-10-09 2017-10-26 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Once-through vertical tubed supercritical evaporator coil for an hrsg
US10634339B2 (en) * 2014-10-09 2020-04-28 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Once-through vertical tubed supercritical evaporator coil for an HRSG
US20180135467A1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2018-05-17 General Electric Company Cooling of gas turbine at varying loads
US20220136776A1 (en) * 2019-04-18 2022-05-05 Guntner GMBH & co. KG Heat exchanger assembly having at least one multi-pass heat exchanger and method for operating a heat exchanger assembly
US12111111B2 (en) * 2019-04-18 2024-10-08 Gunter Gmbh & Co. Kg Method of draining and filling multi-pass heat exchanger
EP4368934A1 (fr) * 2022-11-14 2024-05-15 Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. Échangeur de chaleur à passage unique et système de production d'énergie combiné le comprenant

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Publication number Publication date
WO2011146333A3 (fr) 2012-08-30
WO2011146333A2 (fr) 2011-11-24

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Owner name: NOOTER/ERIKSEN, INC., MISSOURI

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SCHROEDER, JOSEPH E.;REEL/FRAME:029382/0516

Effective date: 20110607

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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