US20120295867A1 - Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs - Google Patents
Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120295867A1 US20120295867A1 US13/426,531 US201213426531A US2012295867A1 US 20120295867 A1 US20120295867 A1 US 20120295867A1 US 201213426531 A US201213426531 A US 201213426531A US 2012295867 A1 US2012295867 A1 US 2012295867A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- disc
- solution
- pain
- patients
- anesthetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001287 Chondroitin sulfate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CBOJBBMQJBVCMW-BTVCFUMJSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.O=C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO CBOJBBMQJBVCMW-BTVCFUMJSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 208000000094 Chronic Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000008035 Back Pain Diseases 0.000 description 7
- SQDAZGGFXASXDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)pyridine Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=C(Br)C=N1 SQDAZGGFXASXDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940059329 chondroitin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000008930 Low Back Pain Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose Chemical compound N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactosamine Natural products NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000021600 intervertebral disc degenerative disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002567 Chondroitin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 206010061246 Intervertebral disc degeneration Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N chondroitin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000018180 degenerative disc disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002442 glucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000002414 leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004705 lumbosacral region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002517 zygapophyseal joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000036487 Arthropathies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000001640 Fibromyalgia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000018650 Intervertebral disc disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028836 Neck pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000026137 Soft tissue injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIEYLFHKZGLBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[NH+]1CCCCC1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C SIEYLFHKZGLBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001612 chondrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000630 fibrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001911 glucosamine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002849 glucosamine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940102223 injectable solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940106885 marcaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045641 monobasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004712 monophosphates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004126 nerve fiber Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000862 numbness Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001032 spinal nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000005198 spinal stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7008—Compounds having an amino group directly attached to a carbon atom of the saccharide radical, e.g. D-galactosamine, ranimustine
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/737—Sulfated polysaccharides, e.g. chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
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- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/20—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing sulfur, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], docusate, sodium lauryl sulfate or aminosulfonic acids
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
Definitions
- An injectable for and a method of use to treat spinal discs is provided.
- the human skeleton has evolved to allow for upright posture and bipedal motion.
- the human spine in its development to support the upright body has developed areas of stress particularly at the base of the neck, the apex of the mid back (thoracic spine) and in the lower back (lower lumbar spine).
- the spine is formed by bony elements, the vertebrae, and cushions between vertebrae, the intervertebral discs.
- the spine is then supported by ligaments, fibrous bands of tissue that join bones together, and muscles and fascia, which provide dynamic support and zygapophyseal joints, two at each level posteriorly which join the vertebrae together.
- Anteriorly the intervertebral disc serves as a cushion between the vertebrae but also helps join the vertebrae together and provides stability.
- Chronic low back pain is due to intervertebral disc disease in forty percent of patients, zygapophyseal joint dysfunction is fifteen to thirty percent of patients, sacra-iliac joint complex dysfunction in fifteen percent of patients, and in the remaining fifteen percent, multiple causes.
- the disc tissue becomes acidic and a degenerative process usually ensues. If the normal reparative process is inadequate, the disc can continue to degenerate and be the source of pain.
- the degenerative process varies in extent in every intervertebral disc that is chronically painful. A chemical reaction occurs within the disc usually at the site of injury. The chemicals cause further breakdown of the disc and when the chemicals escape into the spinal canal inflammation occurs and affects the spinal nerves causing further pain. In older patients (35 years plus) where degeneration is present the pain is not only due to a chemical reaction within the disc but instability of the disc secondary to previous degeneration.
- an intervertebral disc When an intervertebral disc can be identified as a source of pain usually by combination of a MRI scan of the lumbar spine as well as lumbar discography, the latter is a provocative test for discogenic pain by placing a needle into the center of the disc and injection of radiographic contrast under pressure. In a normal disc there is no pain provoked. In an abnormal disc pain is provoked, and if it causes the pain that is experienced by the patient, then the disc is concordantly painful.
- a buffer solution has also been added to the solution, namely a combination of mono and diphosphates which increases the pH level to above about 6.0, and preferably between about 6.3 to about 6.8 which is slightly acidic but within physiologic range.
- DMSO can be added to facilitate dispersion of the solution.
- DMSO serves essentially as a solvent.
- Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride are substrates of collagen.
- Collagen is the basic building block of fibrous tissue, which the annular portion of the disc is comprised.
- the hypertonic dextrose stimulates growth factor as well as, it is believed, nourishes the chondrocytes and fibrocytes present within the intervertebral disc, and to sonic degree serves as a neurolytic agent for unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers that can penetrate the intervertebral disc.
- the disc restorative solution will mitigate the chemical-inflammatory condition within the disc and will stimulate gradually a reparative response, which will reduce pain and stabilize degenerative discs.
- the ingredients are formulated into pharmaceutically acceptable and tolerable carrier such as sterile water or normal saline in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice. These ingredients are provided in a stock solution, which is then diluted or augmented to the desired concentrations and composition. The formulation is passed through a 2 micron filter.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the ingredients are formulated into a pharmaceutically-acceptable and tolerable carrier such as sterile water in accordance with good pharmaceutical practice. These ingredients are provided in a stock solution, which is then diluted or augmented to the desired concentrations and composition.
- a pharmaceutically-acceptable and tolerable carrier such as sterile water
- Improved injectables can be provided by the addition of other substances.
- sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose or a temporary anaesthetic such as Bupivicane can optionally be added to the stock solution in a respective amount of one percent each. This provides a modified stock solution, subject to the same later dilution.
- the stock solution (basic or modified) is conveniently made in 2 cc increments subject to later dilution.
- the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and anaesthetic when used are added to the basic stock solution, to form the 2 cc increment. In both events, 2 cc of water will be added to make the injectable.
- Two other optional ingredients can provide additional benefits. They are used as, or part of the diluent, each as ice in place of 1 cc of dilution water.
- dextrose 50% solution. When added alone, it will be accompanied by 1 cc of dilution water. Then, when combined with the stock solution, it will be about 12.5% of the injectable.
- a contrast medium with or without an antibiotic of 2 cc can be provided. If only this ingredient is added, it will be accompanied by 1 cc of dilution water. These are provided in suitable physiological amounts.
- the presently preferred injectable is formulated as follows:
- Phosphate buffers to about 6.0, preferably about 6.7
- the ratio or glucosamine to chondroitin can vary from about 3:1 to about 10:1.
- the presently preferred ratio is about 51 ⁇ 3:1.
- a stock solution can be prepared as follows, the components being given by weight percentages:
- Glucosamine HCl about 5.0% to about 20%
- Bupivicaine (optional) about 2.0% to about 4%
- Buffer substances in quantity sufficient to bring the pH above about 6.0.
- Sodium mono and di-phosphate are useful.
- the preferred stock solution is as follows:
- Buffer substances in quantity sufficient to bring the pH above about 6.0.
- This stock solution will provide a useful injectable when suitable diluted with sterile water.
- Chondroitin sulfate is an acidic irritant. Control over the pH of the injectable appears to alleviate some of its irritating effects. Accordingly it has been found that a pH close to neutral, but a bit on the acid side is better tolerated. Experiment has shown that a pH above about 6.0, is useful, preferably about 6.5 to 7.4. A buffer of monobasic sodium phosphate and dibasic phosphate in sterile water functions well for this purpose and is agreeable to the tissues. The actual amount will be determined by observing the pH value of the injectable when the solution is being prepared.
- the amount to be injected is for the discretion and judgment of the surgeon. His experience and the “feel” of the syringe will be the best guidance. Several ccs of the injectable will be the usual dosage per disc.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Methods for reducing chronic pain caused by a disrupted spinal disc are described. In one method, a solution is injected into the disc. The solution includes chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine HCl, and dextrose. The solution may optionally include dimethyl sulfoxide and/or an anesthetic such as bupivicaine.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/217,532, filed Aug. 25, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/643,807, tiled Dec. 21, 2009, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,048,865, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/210,307, filed Aug. 24, 2005, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/441,130, tiled Oct. 4, 2002, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/704,267, filed Oct. 31, 2000, now abandoned, all of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- An injectable for and a method of use to treat spinal discs.
- The human skeleton has evolved to allow for upright posture and bipedal motion. The human spine in its development to support the upright body has developed areas of stress particularly at the base of the neck, the apex of the mid back (thoracic spine) and in the lower back (lower lumbar spine). The spine is formed by bony elements, the vertebrae, and cushions between vertebrae, the intervertebral discs. The spine is then supported by ligaments, fibrous bands of tissue that join bones together, and muscles and fascia, which provide dynamic support and zygapophyseal joints, two at each level posteriorly which join the vertebrae together. Anteriorly the intervertebral disc serves as a cushion between the vertebrae but also helps join the vertebrae together and provides stability.
- When neck or back pain becomes chronic, usually due to injury or repetitive stress, and the pain becomes severe and limiting or disabling the intervertebral disc(s) is/are the source of pain.
- The most common cause of disability below the age of forty-five is chronic low back pain. Chronic low back pain is due to intervertebral disc disease in forty percent of patients, zygapophyseal joint dysfunction is fifteen to thirty percent of patients, sacra-iliac joint complex dysfunction in fifteen percent of patients, and in the remaining fifteen percent, multiple causes.
- When an intervertebral disc becomes injured, the natural reparative process is often hindered due to limited blood supply to the inner portion of the intervertebral disc. Normally blood vessels are found only in the outer third of the peripheral portion of the disc, the annulus. However nutrition to the central portion of the disc depends upon perfusion of nutrients through the vertebral end-plate which separates the disc from the body of the vertebra above and below.
- When nutrition becomes impaired the disc tissue becomes acidic and a degenerative process usually ensues. If the normal reparative process is inadequate, the disc can continue to degenerate and be the source of pain. The degenerative process varies in extent in every intervertebral disc that is chronically painful. A chemical reaction occurs within the disc usually at the site of injury. The chemicals cause further breakdown of the disc and when the chemicals escape into the spinal canal inflammation occurs and affects the spinal nerves causing further pain. In older patients (35 years plus) where degeneration is present the pain is not only due to a chemical reaction within the disc but instability of the disc secondary to previous degeneration.
- Low back pain is reaching epidemic proportions in the Western world. Traditionally the treatment for severe discogenic pain has been surgical removal of the injured intervertebral disc and fusion of the spine surgically by replacing the disc with bone graft or various metal implants containing bone graft. This procedure is very expensive. Costs can range up to one hundred thousand dollars. It requires from six months to one year to recover. Up to eighty percent of the fusions become solid. However pain improvement is problematical. At best fifty to sixty percent of patients experience pain reduction, not always completely. Up to fifty percent remain with the same degree of pain or worse. The latter group often becomes permanently disabled and dependent upon opioid medications.
- Upon evaluation of back pain many factors must be considered: age, severity of pain, radiation of pain into buttock or legs, and the presence of leg numbness or weakness. Commonly most patients who suffer an initial injury can recover fully if they rest appropriately, and inflammation within or about the disc is addressed. Thereafter a conditioning program becomes important in order to strengthen the muscles for supporting the trunk and providing controlled movement. When there is recurrence of low back pain after injury or stress the condition usually becomes more serious.
- When an intervertebral disc can be identified as a source of pain usually by combination of a MRI scan of the lumbar spine as well as lumbar discography, the latter is a provocative test for discogenic pain by placing a needle into the center of the disc and injection of radiographic contrast under pressure. In a normal disc there is no pain provoked. In an abnormal disc pain is provoked, and if it causes the pain that is experienced by the patient, then the disc is concordantly painful.
- At the same time fissures to the outer portion of the disc, the annulus, or multiple tears radiating from the center of the disc, the nucleus, to the periphery of the disc through the annulus are visualized. If the intervertebral disc has normal height, and there is a single fissure, and there is severe pain on low pressure by discogram, then a highly chemically sensitive disc is present. This condition is called an internal disc disruption. If multiple tears are identified, the disc has become narrowed by degeneration, and the pain is less severe but still significant, the condition is often called symptomatic degenerative disc disease.
- The traditional treatment to the present time for severe painful discogenic disease has been spinal fusion, Successful results are modest. Therefore it is essential to find simpler and better ways to treat painful intervertebral discs. Several devices have been developed in recent years. At present there are two devices that are used relatively commonly, the first is the IDET (intra-discal electrothermal therapy) and the other is the nucleoplasty.
- These two devices have limited use. They can only be used on intervertebral discs that have nearly normal height, have a single fissure and are chemically sensitive. The nucleoplasty is also used when there is posterior bulging of the disc for it will remove or ease the central pressures within the disc and therefore the pressure upon the periphery of the disc is reduced. Their success is partial. No alternative treatment for internal disc disruption or symptomatic degenerative disc disease has been developed until the chemical disc injection treatment (disc restorative solution) of this invention.
- Observation based upon injection treatment of soft tissue injuries, namely ligaments, tendons and fascia, wherein the injected solution causes a mild inflammatory reaction followed by a reparative response within the tissues, led to the concept that painful and damaged intervertebral discs could be treated similarly. The solution selected to test this hypothesis was the combination of chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine HCl, hypertonic dextrose, bupivicaine and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) when indicated. Because the solution becomes acidic with a pH of 4.3, a buffer solution has also been added to the solution, namely a combination of mono and diphosphates which increases the pH level to above about 6.0, and preferably between about 6.3 to about 6.8 which is slightly acidic but within physiologic range. In some conditions where the annular portion of the intervertebral disc has degenerated significantly and there appears to be inflamed areas within parts of the annulus, then DMSO can be added to facilitate dispersion of the solution. DMSO serves essentially as a solvent.
- Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride are substrates of collagen. Collagen is the basic building block of fibrous tissue, which the annular portion of the disc is comprised.
- The hypertonic dextrose stimulates growth factor as well as, it is believed, nourishes the chondrocytes and fibrocytes present within the intervertebral disc, and to sonic degree serves as a neurolytic agent for unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers that can penetrate the intervertebral disc.
- In a recent study done by Klein, Eck et al (manuscript submitted for publication) presented a potential new alternative treatment for chronic disogenic back pain. Thirty patients were included in the study. All of the patients treated had positive discoaphy at one or more levels as evidenced by concordant pain and morphologic disc disruption. The discs were injected with the disc solution as described. Three to four treatments were done at two to three month intervals. The patients were followed for approximately twelve months after completion of treatment. Seventeen patients improved on average seventy-four percent using the Roland-Morris functional questionnaire and the VAS pain scale. Thirteen patients did not improve significantly. These patients fell into varying groups, namely, failed posterior spinal fusion, spinal stenosis, generalized fibromyalgia syndrome, failed IDET procedure etc. Since that time over one hundred patients have been treated. Now the majority of patients are gradually improving. It requires up to a year to gain maximum improvement.
- It is believed that the disc restorative solution will mitigate the chemical-inflammatory condition within the disc and will stimulate gradually a reparative response, which will reduce pain and stabilize degenerative discs.
- The ingredients are formulated into pharmaceutically acceptable and tolerable carrier such as sterile water or normal saline in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice. These ingredients are provided in a stock solution, which is then diluted or augmented to the desired concentrations and composition. The formulation is passed through a 2 micron filter.
- Common to all formulations according to this invention is the inclusion, in an injectable tolerated by the spinal disc, of both glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (in a buffered injectable solution). Injections with only one of these constituents have proved to be without value, but their combination in a properly buffered solution has proved to be otherwise.
- The dispersion of this solution in the disc appears to be markedly improved by the optional inclusion of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is an optional ingredient, but one which appears to provide for greater acceptance in the disc.
- Improved stability of the disc and reduction of pain appears to be provided by the incorporation of low viscosity sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, which is also believed to coat sensory unmyelinated nerves in the discs.
- Important improvements to the comfort of the patient can be attained in all situations by the further inclusion of a local temporary-acting anaesthetic such as Marcaine (bupivicaine). Any lessening of pain, even during the brief period during and following the injection, can provide important benefits to an apprehensive patient, and reduce the inflammation caused by the insult of the needle and the event of the injection.
- The ingredients are formulated into a pharmaceutically-acceptable and tolerable carrier such as sterile water in accordance with good pharmaceutical practice. These ingredients are provided in a stock solution, which is then diluted or augmented to the desired concentrations and composition.
- For example, if only the ingredients in this stock solution are desired, an equal volume of water will be added to it, to reduce the concentration by half, thereby providing the injectable. The ratios between the ingredients will not be changed, but their concentration in the injectable will be reduced from what they were in the stock solution.
- Improved injectables can be provided by the addition of other substances.
- For example, either sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose or a temporary anaesthetic such as Bupivicane can optionally be added to the stock solution in a respective amount of one percent each. This provides a modified stock solution, subject to the same later dilution.
- The stock solution (basic or modified) is conveniently made in 2 cc increments subject to later dilution. The sodium carboxymethylcellulose and anaesthetic when used are added to the basic stock solution, to form the 2 cc increment. In both events, 2 cc of water will be added to make the injectable.
- Two other optional ingredients can provide additional benefits. They are used as, or part of the diluent, each as ice in place of 1 cc of dilution water.
- One such ingredient is dextrose, 50% solution. When added alone, it will be accompanied by 1 cc of dilution water. Then, when combined with the stock solution, it will be about 12.5% of the injectable.
- Similarly, a contrast medium with or without an antibiotic of 2 cc can be provided. If only this ingredient is added, it will be accompanied by 1 cc of dilution water. These are provided in suitable physiological amounts.
- When both are used, they will replace the dilution water entirely.
- The presently preferred injectable is formulated as follows:
- Glucosamine 4%
- Chondroitin 0.75%
- Bupivicaine 0.5%
- Phosphate buffers to about 6.0, preferably about 6.7
- The above to make 50% by volume of this injectable, plus 12.5% by volume dextrose, plus 12.5% by volume of a solution of an aqueous solution and or antibiotic.
- In suitable injectables, the ratio or glucosamine to chondroitin can vary from about 3:1 to about 10:1. The presently preferred ratio is about 5⅓:1.
- A stock solution can be prepared as follows, the components being given by weight percentages:
- Chondroitin Sulfate about 0.5% to about 2%
- Glucosamine HCl about 5.0% to about 20%
- Bupivicaine (optional) about 2.0% to about 4%
- Buffer substances in quantity sufficient to bring the pH above about 6.0.
- Sodium mono and di-phosphate are useful.
- Sterile Water to make 100%
- The preferred stock solution is as follows:
- Chondroitin Sulfate about 1.5%
- Glucosamine HCl about 8.0%
- Buffer substances in quantity sufficient to bring the pH above about 6.0.
- Sodium mono and di-phosphate are useful
- Sterile water to make 100%.
- This stock solution will provide a useful injectable when suitable diluted with sterile water.
- Chondroitin sulfate is an acidic irritant. Control over the pH of the injectable appears to alleviate some of its irritating effects. Accordingly it has been found that a pH close to neutral, but a bit on the acid side is better tolerated. Experiment has shown that a pH above about 6.0, is useful, preferably about 6.5 to 7.4. A buffer of monobasic sodium phosphate and dibasic phosphate in sterile water functions well for this purpose and is agreeable to the tissues. The actual amount will be determined by observing the pH value of the injectable when the solution is being prepared.
- The amount to be injected is for the discretion and judgment of the surgeon. His experience and the “feel” of the syringe will be the best guidance. Several ccs of the injectable will be the usual dosage per disc.
- This invention is not to be limited by the embodiments described in the description, which are given by way of example and not of limitation, but only in accordance with the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1-36. (canceled)
37. A method of reducing chronic pain caused by a disrupted spinal disc comprising he step of injecting a solution into said disc, the solution comprising:
chondroitin sulphate;
glucosamine HCl ; and
dextrose.
38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising dimethyl sulfoxide.
39. The method of claim 37 , wherein the solution further comprises an anesthetic.
40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the anesthetic is bupivicaine.
41. A method of treating an internal disc disruption comprising the step of injecting a solution into said disc, the solution comprising:
chondroitin sulphate;
glucosamine HCl; and
dextrose.
42. The method of claim 41 , further comprising dimethyl sulfoxide.
43. The method of claim 41 , wherein the solution further comprises an anesthetic.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein the anesthetic is bupivicaine.
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US13/779,541 US20140066389A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2013-02-27 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
US14/656,566 US20170151276A9 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2015-03-12 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
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US11/210,307 US20050282774A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2005-08-24 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
US12/643,807 US8048865B2 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2009-12-21 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
US13/217,532 US20110312913A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2011-08-25 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
US13/426,531 US20120295867A1 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2012-03-21 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
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US14/656,566 Abandoned US20170151276A9 (en) | 2000-10-31 | 2015-03-12 | Method and pharmaceutical to treat spinal discs |
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US11318187B1 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-05-03 | Bjorn Eek | Treatment of internal disc disruption and connective tissue injuries |
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US8916611B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2014-12-23 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Pharmaceutical removal of neuronal extensions from a degenerating disc |
US9789161B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2017-10-17 | Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc. | Methods for treating back or neck pain caused by NGF using a therapeutic agent consisting of ReN-1820, ALE-0540 and capsaicin |
US20070253960A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Josee Roy | Pharmaceutical removal of vascular extensions from a degenerating disc |
US20110172510A1 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-07-14 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Rapid delivery and/or withdrawal of fluids |
CN102405015B (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2017-01-18 | 第七感生物系统有限公司 | Devices and methods for the analysis of an extractable medium |
WO2012018486A2 (en) | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-09 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Rapid delivery and/or receiving of fluids |
US20110125058A1 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2011-05-26 | Seven Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Patient-enacted sampling technique |
WO2011053796A2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Systems and methods for treating, sanitizing, and/or shielding the skin or devices applied to the skin |
EP2493535A2 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-09-05 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Systems and methods for application to skin and control of actuation, delivery and/or perception thereof |
JP5826766B2 (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2015-12-02 | セブンス センス バイオシステムズ,インコーポレーテッド | Sampling device interface |
WO2011094573A1 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-08-04 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Monitoring or feedback systems and methods |
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WO2012021801A2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2012-02-16 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Systems and techniques for monitoring subjects |
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US8398611B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2013-03-19 | Depuy Mitek, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating joints |
WO2012149126A1 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Plasma or serum production and removal of fluids under reduced pressure |
US20130158468A1 (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2013-06-20 | Seventh Sense Biosystems, Inc. | Delivering and/or receiving material with respect to a subject surface |
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US6476005B1 (en) * | 1998-03-24 | 2002-11-05 | George D. Petito | Oral and injectable nutritional composition |
CA2416169C (en) * | 2000-07-14 | 2008-09-23 | Allergan, Inc. | Compositions containing therapeutically active components having enhanced solubility |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11318187B1 (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-05-03 | Bjorn Eek | Treatment of internal disc disruption and connective tissue injuries |
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US20170151276A9 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
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US20110312913A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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