US20120273171A1 - Earthen evaporative heat exchanger - Google Patents

Earthen evaporative heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120273171A1
US20120273171A1 US13/095,033 US201113095033A US2012273171A1 US 20120273171 A1 US20120273171 A1 US 20120273171A1 US 201113095033 A US201113095033 A US 201113095033A US 2012273171 A1 US2012273171 A1 US 2012273171A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
air
earthen
holes
reservoir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
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US13/095,033
Inventor
Girish K. Upadhya
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to US13/095,033 priority Critical patent/US20120273171A1/en
Publication of US20120273171A1 publication Critical patent/US20120273171A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
    • F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat exchangers and, more particularly, to an evaporative heat exchanger with earthen material for cooling ambient air.
  • a compressor is typically used to compress a gas (such as Freon, or some other fluorinated hydrocarbon, for example) into a liquid. This liquid is allowed to encounter a reduced pressure area, such as a heat exchanger coil, where the liquid becomes a cold gas. The gas passes back to the compressor to repeat the cycle. This continual compression uses a substantial amount of energy.
  • a gas such as Freon, or some other fluorinated hydrocarbon, for example
  • a heat exchanger comprises an earthen heat exchanger element; a reservoir in fluid connection with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element; and a plurality of holes in the earthen heat exchanger element, the holes adapted to allow air to pass through the heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger comprises an earthen heat exchanger element; a reservoir in fluid connection with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element; at least one water conduit formed in the earthen heat exchanger element, the water conduit in fluid communication with the reservoir and a plurality of holes in the earthen heat exchanger element, the holes adapted to allow air to pass through the heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 is use with a fan;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 used in an air conditioning application.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 4 used in an air conditioning application.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a heat exchanger with earthen material for cooling ambient air.
  • the heat exchanger may serve as an energy efficient alternative to air conditioning.
  • the heat exchanger may take in ambient air and cool the air through evaporative heat exchange, which may be very useful during summer months in areas where the day temperatures can be very high.
  • a fan may be used to provide airflow through an evaporating heat exchanger, which results in an airflow that is much cooler than the ambient temperature.
  • the heat exchanger may be made from an earthen material, such as fired clay, for example, with a large surface area coming into contact with the airflow.
  • One or more cavities may be present in the heat exchanger to hold water and allow the water to percolate through the porous earthen material.
  • a heat exchanger 10 may include a reservoir tank 12 adapted to contain a liquid, such as water, and an earthen heat exchanger element 14 .
  • the reservoir tank 12 may be in fluid contact with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element 14 .
  • a plurality of holes 16 may be disposed through the earthen heat exchanger element 14 .
  • Air may be passed through the heat exchanger 10 by, for example, a fan 24 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • a plenum 22 may control the flow of air from the fan 24 to the heat exchanger 10 .
  • the earthen heat exchanger element 14 may be made from a porous material, such as fired clay, potter's clay, mud-based clay, terra cotta, adobe, or the like.
  • the air may evaporate water that has percolated through the earthen heat exchanger element 14 . This evaporation may cool the air. As the water from the reservoir 12 evaporates in the heat exchanger 10 , water may be replenished. In some embodiments, a water level measurement device (not shown) may be disposed to automatically refill the reservoir 12 as needed.
  • a heat exchanger 11 may include an earthen heat exchanger body 18 with a plurality of fins 18 formed therein.
  • a heat exchanger may include fluid tubes (not shown) formed in the earthen heat exchanger element to help deliver water to openings through which the airflow is passing.
  • the heat exchangers 10 , 11 of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be used, for example, as a pre-cooler for ambient air being delivered to an air conditioning system 36 as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the air conditioning system 36 may be a conventional system having refrigerant conduits 38 to cool a coil (not shown) in the air conditioning system 36 .
  • the air conditioning system 36 may be required to cool air fewer degrees, thus saving energy costs.
  • a conventional system may take in 80 degree ambient air across a 38 degree coil, cooling the 80 degree ambient air to 68 degrees.
  • the 80 degree ambient air may be precooled to, for example, 76 degrees, prior to being delivered to the 38 degree coil, thus cooling the ambient air to, for example, about 65 degrees, thereby needing less air conditioning system running time to cool a room or home.
  • a heat exchanger may include a reservoir tank 27 that is fluidly connected with water conduits 30 through an earthen heat exchanger element 26 .
  • the element 26 may include a plurality of holes 28 therethrough.
  • the holes 28 may carry air that is cooled by the heat exchanger.
  • This cooled water may be moved with a pump 32 through conduits 42 into an air/liquid heat exchanger 34 .
  • This heat exchanger 34 may be present in a residential or business air conditioning system 40 , where air is taken from the location, moved over the heat exchanger 34 , and delivered back to the location as cooled air.
  • the system 40 may cool air without the use of a conventional compressor.
  • the system 40 may be equipped with a conventional compressor cooled coil (not shown) in addition to the heat exchanger 34 , where the conventional compressor cooled coil may be activated only when the air temperature at the location needs additional temperature control.

Abstract

A heat exchanger with earthen material for cooling ambient air may serve as an energy efficient alternative to air conditioning. The heat exchanger may take in ambient air and cool the air through evaporative heat exchange, which may be very useful during summer months in areas where the day temperatures can be very high. A fan may be used to provide airflow through an evaporating heat exchanger, which results in an airflow that is much cooler than the ambient temperature. The heat exchanger may be made from an earthen material, such as fired clay, for example, with a large surface area coming into contact with the airflow. One or more cavities may be present in the heat exchanger to hold water and allow the water to percolate through the porous earthen material.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to heat exchangers and, more particularly, to an evaporative heat exchanger with earthen material for cooling ambient air.
  • Conventional air conditioners require considerable energy due to the use of compressor technology. A compressor is typically used to compress a gas (such as Freon, or some other fluorinated hydrocarbon, for example) into a liquid. This liquid is allowed to encounter a reduced pressure area, such as a heat exchanger coil, where the liquid becomes a cold gas. The gas passes back to the compressor to repeat the cycle. This continual compression uses a substantial amount of energy.
  • As can be seen, there is a need for an apparatus and method for cooling air that may use a minimal amount of energy.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • In one aspect of the present invention, a heat exchanger comprises an earthen heat exchanger element; a reservoir in fluid connection with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element; and a plurality of holes in the earthen heat exchanger element, the holes adapted to allow air to pass through the heat exchanger.
  • In another aspect of the present invention, a heat exchanger comprises an earthen heat exchanger element; a reservoir in fluid connection with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element; at least one water conduit formed in the earthen heat exchanger element, the water conduit in fluid communication with the reservoir and a plurality of holes in the earthen heat exchanger element, the holes adapted to allow air to pass through the heat exchanger.
  • These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a heat exchanger according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 is use with a fan;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 1 used in an air conditioning application; and
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 4 used in an air conditioning application.
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplated modes of carrying out exemplary embodiments of the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
  • Various inventive features are described below that can each be used independently of one another or in combination with other features.
  • Broadly, an embodiment of the present invention provides a heat exchanger with earthen material for cooling ambient air. The heat exchanger may serve as an energy efficient alternative to air conditioning. The heat exchanger may take in ambient air and cool the air through evaporative heat exchange, which may be very useful during summer months in areas where the day temperatures can be very high. In some embodiments, a fan may be used to provide airflow through an evaporating heat exchanger, which results in an airflow that is much cooler than the ambient temperature. The heat exchanger may be made from an earthen material, such as fired clay, for example, with a large surface area coming into contact with the airflow. One or more cavities may be present in the heat exchanger to hold water and allow the water to percolate through the porous earthen material.
  • Referring to FIG. 1, a heat exchanger 10 may include a reservoir tank 12 adapted to contain a liquid, such as water, and an earthen heat exchanger element 14. The reservoir tank 12 may be in fluid contact with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element 14. A plurality of holes 16 may be disposed through the earthen heat exchanger element 14. Air may be passed through the heat exchanger 10 by, for example, a fan 24, as shown in FIG. 3. A plenum 22 may control the flow of air from the fan 24 to the heat exchanger 10. The earthen heat exchanger element 14 may be made from a porous material, such as fired clay, potter's clay, mud-based clay, terra cotta, adobe, or the like.
  • As the air is pushed through the holes 16, the air may evaporate water that has percolated through the earthen heat exchanger element 14. This evaporation may cool the air. As the water from the reservoir 12 evaporates in the heat exchanger 10, water may be replenished. In some embodiments, a water level measurement device (not shown) may be disposed to automatically refill the reservoir 12 as needed.
  • The style of the heat exchanger 10 may vary. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, a heat exchanger 11 may include an earthen heat exchanger body 18 with a plurality of fins 18 formed therein. In other embodiments, a heat exchanger may include fluid tubes (not shown) formed in the earthen heat exchanger element to help deliver water to openings through which the airflow is passing.
  • The heat exchangers 10, 11 of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be used, for example, as a pre-cooler for ambient air being delivered to an air conditioning system 36 as shown in FIG. 5. In this embodiment, the air conditioning system 36 may be a conventional system having refrigerant conduits 38 to cool a coil (not shown) in the air conditioning system 36. With the heat exchanger 10, 11, the air conditioning system 36 may be required to cool air fewer degrees, thus saving energy costs. For example, a conventional system may take in 80 degree ambient air across a 38 degree coil, cooling the 80 degree ambient air to 68 degrees. With the heat exchanger of the present invention, the 80 degree ambient air may be precooled to, for example, 76 degrees, prior to being delivered to the 38 degree coil, thus cooling the ambient air to, for example, about 65 degrees, thereby needing less air conditioning system running time to cool a room or home.
  • Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 6, a heat exchanger may include a reservoir tank 27 that is fluidly connected with water conduits 30 through an earthen heat exchanger element 26. The element 26 may include a plurality of holes 28 therethrough. The holes 28 may carry air that is cooled by the heat exchanger. In addition, as water evaporates due to air moving through the holes 28, the water in the reservoir tank 27 also cools. This cooled water may be moved with a pump 32 through conduits 42 into an air/liquid heat exchanger 34. This heat exchanger 34 may be present in a residential or business air conditioning system 40, where air is taken from the location, moved over the heat exchanger 34, and delivered back to the location as cooled air. In some embodiments, the system 40 may cool air without the use of a conventional compressor. In other embodiments, the system 40 may be equipped with a conventional compressor cooled coil (not shown) in addition to the heat exchanger 34, where the conventional compressor cooled coil may be activated only when the air temperature at the location needs additional temperature control.
  • It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to exemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. A heat exchanger comprising:
an earthen heat exchanger element;
a reservoir in fluid connection with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element; and
a plurality of holes in the earthen heat exchanger element, the holes adapted to allow air to pass through the heat exchanger.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the earthen heat exchanger includes potter's clay, mud-based clay, terra cotta or adobe.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein the holes are formed between fins in the heat exchanger.
4. The heat exchanger of claim 1, further comprising:
a plenum directing air into the plurality of holes; and
a fan for moving the air through the plurality of holes to supply a cooled air.
5. The heat exchanger of claim 4, wherein the cooled air is delivered to an air conditioning system.
6. The heat exchanger of claim 4, further comprising at least one water conduit formed in the earthen heat exchanger element, the water conduit in fluid communication with the reservoir.
7. The heat exchanger of claim 1, further comprising a pump for circulating water in the reservoir through an air/liquid heat exchanger.
8. A heat exchanger comprising:
an earthen heat exchanger element;
a reservoir in fluid connection with at least a portion of the earthen heat exchanger element;
at least one water conduit formed in the earthen heat exchanger element, the water conduit in fluid communication with the reservoir and
a plurality of holes in the earthen heat exchanger element, the holes adapted to allow air to pass through the heat exchanger.
9. The heat exchanger of claim 8, further comprising a pump for circulating water in the reservoir through an air/liquid heat exchanger.
10. The heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein the air/liquid heat exchanger is disposed in a cooling system, the cooling system forcing air across the air/liquid heat exchanger to provide a cooled air.
US13/095,033 2011-04-27 2011-04-27 Earthen evaporative heat exchanger Abandoned US20120273171A1 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130055736A1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Steve Eugene Everett Method and apparatus for climatic conditioning of space within a building structure
US20150107694A1 (en) * 2014-01-15 2015-04-23 Custom Ice Inc. Drain box assembly for a convertible splash pad/ice rink structure
WO2019180737A1 (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-26 Ant Studio Llp Novel eco-friendly sustainable air cooling system and method thereof
WO2023067622A1 (en) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-27 Silpa K B Airflow apparatus
FR3136276A1 (en) * 2022-06-07 2023-12-08 Technip Energies France Heat exchanger intended to be cooled by a gas flow, natural gas liquefaction installation, and associated process

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2162158A (en) * 1936-11-27 1939-06-13 Research Corp Air conditioning
US2461636A (en) * 1944-10-11 1949-02-15 Peter J Gaylor Self-defrosting refrigeration system
US3043573A (en) * 1956-02-16 1962-07-10 Edward F Chandler Thermo-transpiration portable air conditioner unit
US3403531A (en) * 1966-01-25 1968-10-01 Oesterheld Karl Adolf Chimney cooler for the cooling of liquids by means of atmospheric air
US4976113A (en) * 1988-08-26 1990-12-11 Gershuni Alexandr N Apparatus for indirect evaporative gas cooling

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2162158A (en) * 1936-11-27 1939-06-13 Research Corp Air conditioning
US2461636A (en) * 1944-10-11 1949-02-15 Peter J Gaylor Self-defrosting refrigeration system
US3043573A (en) * 1956-02-16 1962-07-10 Edward F Chandler Thermo-transpiration portable air conditioner unit
US3403531A (en) * 1966-01-25 1968-10-01 Oesterheld Karl Adolf Chimney cooler for the cooling of liquids by means of atmospheric air
US4976113A (en) * 1988-08-26 1990-12-11 Gershuni Alexandr N Apparatus for indirect evaporative gas cooling

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130055736A1 (en) * 2011-09-01 2013-03-07 Steve Eugene Everett Method and apparatus for climatic conditioning of space within a building structure
US9212826B2 (en) * 2011-09-01 2015-12-15 Steve Eugene Everett Method and apparatus for climatic conditioning of space within a building structure
US20150107694A1 (en) * 2014-01-15 2015-04-23 Custom Ice Inc. Drain box assembly for a convertible splash pad/ice rink structure
US9334639B2 (en) * 2014-01-15 2016-05-10 Custom Ice Inc. Drain box assembly for a convertible splash pad/ice rink structure
WO2019180737A1 (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-26 Ant Studio Llp Novel eco-friendly sustainable air cooling system and method thereof
WO2023067622A1 (en) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-27 Silpa K B Airflow apparatus
FR3136276A1 (en) * 2022-06-07 2023-12-08 Technip Energies France Heat exchanger intended to be cooled by a gas flow, natural gas liquefaction installation, and associated process
WO2023237544A1 (en) * 2022-06-07 2023-12-14 Technip Energies France Heat exchanger intended to be cooled by a gas flow, plant for liquefying natural gas, and associated method

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