US20120226002A1 - Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation - Google Patents
Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20120226002A1 US20120226002A1 US13/407,820 US201213407820A US2012226002A1 US 20120226002 A1 US20120226002 A1 US 20120226002A1 US 201213407820 A US201213407820 A US 201213407820A US 2012226002 A1 US2012226002 A1 US 2012226002A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compound according
- substituted
- group
- siloxane
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001089 [(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methanol Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001843 polymethylhydrosiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- VNMQOCYXFWAWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxolan-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CCCO1 VNMQOCYXFWAWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IHXXYCDPVPNBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl-[3-(oxolan-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silyl]oxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)CCCOCC1CCCO1 IHXXYCDPVPNBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 0 [2*][Si]([3*])([4*])CCOC(C)(C)C1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C1(C)C Chemical compound [2*][Si]([3*])([4*])CCOC(C)(C)C1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C1(C)C 0.000 description 6
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical group C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HMRHVJVXZNMZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-(oxolan-2-ylmethoxymethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)COCC1CCCO1 HMRHVJVXZNMZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- BITHTZXVTYEYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolane Chemical compound C=CCOCC1CCCO1 BITHTZXVTYEYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SWGZAKPJNWCPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)O[Si](C)(C)C SWGZAKPJNWCPRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- XWMNCYGKNYCYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=C[Si](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)CCCOCC1CCCO1 Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)CCCOCC1CCCO1 XWMNCYGKNYCYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVTRDHITHRFYLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)OCC.CCO[Si](CCCC(=O)OCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)OCC.CCO[Si](CCCC(=O)OCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC UVTRDHITHRFYLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBJMAJRGGUUFRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO[Si](CCCC(=O)OCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC Chemical compound CCO[Si](CCCC(=O)OCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC YBJMAJRGGUUFRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVFRDSQXXSRCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO[Si](CCCNC(=O)OCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC Chemical compound CCO[Si](CCCNC(=O)OCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC RVFRDSQXXSRCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGJVMZORKKOXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCO[Si](COCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC Chemical compound CCO[Si](COCC1CCCO1)(OCC)OCC CGJVMZORKKOXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNAUXWJMDQOPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C FNAUXWJMDQOPJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQPDTOYEOLMPCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C VQPDTOYEOLMPCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSDINCIQIPWKOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C DSDINCIQIPWKOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZBJCLXPUUGROR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(COCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(COCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)C JZBJCLXPUUGROR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NSWISCNAKAKKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [H][Si](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C Chemical compound [H][Si](C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(CCCOCC1CCCO1)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C NSWISCNAKAKKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UPBPNAJQKDPKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [dimethyl(oxolan-2-ylmethoxymethyl)silyl]oxy-dimethyl-trimethylsilyloxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)COCC1CCCO1 UPBPNAJQKDPKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPGOPSYIVNXICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl-[dimethyl(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)CCl PPGOPSYIVNXICJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGLLBUISUZEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl-diethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(CCl)OCC XGLLBUISUZEUMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002433 hydrophilic molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- CNWUNXRLHORKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)-4-trihydroxysilylbutanamide Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)CCCC(=O)NCC1CCCO1 CNWUNXRLHORKTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- HVZLSEAEHKWBID-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-[3-(oxolan-2-ylmethoxy)propoxy]propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCCCOCC1CCCO1 HVZLSEAEHKWBID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0834—Compounds having one or more O-Si linkage
- C07F7/0838—Compounds with one or more Si-O-Si sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/10—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages containing nitrogen having a Si-N linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
Definitions
- Furfuryl alcohol having the structure shown below, is an organic compound containing a furan substituted with a hydroxymethyl group.
- Furfuryl alcohol is commercially derived from corncobs and sugar cane bagasse.
- furfuryl alcohol is used to impregnate wood to provide improved moisture-dimensional stability, hardness, and decay and insect resistance.
- Furfuryl alcohol is also used commercially to prepare furan resins for use in the metal casting industry.
- Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol a saturated derivative of furfuryl alcohol, has the following structure:
- Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a relatively hydrophilic compound due to the polarity induced by the presence of oxygen atoms and the absence of methyl groups. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is viewed as relatively non-toxic. The use of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol as an adjuvant in synthetic flavoring has been accepted by the FDA (see 21 CFR 172.515), as has the use of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in contact with dry food (see 21 CFR 176.180).
- hydrophilic character of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is in strong contrast to the structures of conventional silicones, such as polydimethylsiloxanes.
- Polydimethylsiloxanes have many practical uses in which their hydrophobicity provides benefits such as water-repellency and release characteristics. There are many applications in which it is desirable to combine the hydrophobicity of silicones with hydrophilicity.
- the most widely utilized approach is to modify a polydimethylsiloxane by grafting a poly(ethyleneoxide) segment to the backbone. These materials are often referred to as PEG (from polyethyleneglycol) modified siloxanes.
- a silicon compound according to the invention comprises a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety.
- a method for preparing a silicon compound comprising a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety comprises hydrosilylating a hydride functional silane or siloxane with at least one furfuryl alcohol containing a double bond to yield a hydrolytically stable silicon-to-carbon bond.
- This invention is directed to siloxane and silicon derivatives of furfuryl alcohols and methods for their preparation. These novel classes of compounds may be used as monomers for surface treatments, as surfactants and defoamers, and for preparing silicone polymers. Due to the greater stability and relatively low toxicity of hydrophilic siloxanes of this invention compared to the PEG modified siloxanes currently used in commerce, these materials provide benefits in varied applications, including cosmetics and medical devices. Depending on the specific siloxane monomers, the resulting silicone polymers may have additional functionality, such as vinyl groups, that allow them to form elastomers in crosslinking processes.
- the furfuryl substituted siloxanes and silanes are relatively hydrophilic materials and offer the advantage, compared to the most common hydrophilic substituted materials which contain ethylene oxide units, of not degrading to form ethylene glycol or its derivatives.
- the terahydrofurfuryl siloxanes can also potentially be used as starting points for cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran to form block copolymers.
- linear polydimethylsiloxanes with tetrahydrofuryl groups at the termini could react with tetrahydrofuran by cationic polymerization methods to form ABA, hydroxyl functional (polybutyleneoxide-dimethylsiloxane-polybutyleneoxide triblock polymers.
- the siloxane and silane-based compounds according to the invention comprise a siloxane or silane moiety and a moiety derived from a furfuryl alcohol, such as a tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in a preferred embodiment.
- the compounds also contain an alkyl bridging group which is bonded to an ether linkage derived from the furfuryl alcohol and to a silicon atom in the siloxane or silane moiety.
- the alkyl bridge may contain about one to about six carbon atoms. Most preferably, the alkyl bridge contains about three carbon atoms (propyl), which has been found to improve stability of the resulting compound in aqueous environments.
- propyl-bridged compounds according to the invention are obtainable in higher yield and purity than their shorter alkyl-bridged analogs.
- Exemplary silane compounds according to the invention include:
- Exemplary siloxane compounds according to the invention include:
- Preferred siloxanes and silanes contain about one to about one thousand silicon atoms, more preferably about one to about eighteen silicon atoms, even more preferably about one to about ten silicon atoms, thus encompassing short chain siloxanes and silanes, which are often referred to as oligosiloxanes and oligosilanes, and longer polysiloxanes and polysilanes.
- Siloxanes may contain hydrogen and vinyl substituents, and both siloxanes and silanes may contain alkyl or alkoxy substituents (linear or branched, containing up to about eighteen carbon atoms), including methyl substituents, such as polydimethylsiloxanes and oligodimethylsiloxanes, and may also be copolymers, yielding compounds such as (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers.
- Terpolymers may also be produced, such as (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane terpolymers and (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane terpolymers.
- Terpolymers of this type may be crosslinked by reaction with each other or by reaction with other vinyl or hydride functional siloxanes in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, for example a platinum catalyst such as Karstedt's catalyst. It is within the scope of the invention for the furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety to occupy a terminal or pendant position on the siloxane or silane, which may have a linear or branched backbone structure.
- the invention also includes derivatives in which one silicon-based group is attached to multiple furfuryl alcohol-derived moieties.
- silicon compounds containing multiple furfuryl moieties which may be the same or different, are within the scope of the invention.
- Specific preferred compounds according to the invention include, for example, tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxane, (tetrahydrofurfuryloxymethyl)methyldiethoxysilane, (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, and terpolymers including (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane terpolymers and (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane terpolymers. Elastomeric and cross-linked products derived from the siloxane polymer, including these copolymer and terpolymers, are also within the scope of the invention
- X representing the substituents on the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol carbons, may be independently hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxyl.
- X groups are methyl and the compound preferably contains not more than about two hydroxyl substituents. More preferably, all of the X substituents are hydrogen.
- “n” is an integer selected from 0 and 1, and is preferably 0.
- R 1 represents an optional linkage group, such as carbonyl (C ⁇ O) and carbamate (C(O)NH), derived from the reaction of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with an isocyanate functional silane such as isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane.
- ether linkage interrupting the (CH 2 ) m for example, (3-tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropoxypropyl)triethoxysilane.
- the compound having formula (1) contains at least three CH 2 , groups (m ⁇ 3), one of the internal CH 2 groups may be replaced by oxygen, forming an ether linkage.
- Another example is:
- R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 representing the substituents on silicon, are independently, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having about one to four carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkoxy group having about one to four carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted siloxy group, provided that at least one of R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is an oxygen-containing group (alkoxy or siloxy). Possible substitutions on the siloxy group include hydrogen and vinyl groups, for example.
- R alkyl, hydrogen, vinyl, for example.
- the compound having formula (1) is a siloxane compound.
- the compound is a silane derivative.
- siloxanes and silanes and siloxanes from substituted derivatives of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
- Preferred compounds according to the invention contain moieties derived from non-substituted furfuryl alcohol, which have the general structure shown in formula (2):
- n, m, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 have the same definitions as in formula (1).
- R 1 is C ⁇ O
- the compound may considered to be an ester analog, such as the silane compound shown below:
- Silicon compounds according to the invention may also contain unsaturated derivatives of furfuryl alcohol, such as those having formula (3):
- n, m R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 have the same definitions as in formula (1).
- silicon compounds according to the invention may be prepared via reaction (hydrosilylation) of a hydride functional silane or siloxane with the appropriate furfuryl alcohol or tetrahydrofurfuryl derivative containing a double bond to yield a hydrolytically stable silicon-to-carbon bond.
- reaction including appropriate catalysts, solvents, and reaction conditions, are well known in the art.
- a 1 liter 3 neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, pot thermometer, dry-ice condenser and an addition funnel was charged with 129.3 g of allyloxymethyltetrahydrofuran.
- the flask was heated to 80° C., and 8.1 g of bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane was added, followed by 0.5 g of Karstedt's catalyst with a Pt concentration of 2%. An exotherm was observed, and an additional 204.5 g of bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane was added, while maintaining the temperature between 80°-110° C. After the addition was complete, an additional 0.25 g of Karstedt's catalyst was added, and the mixture was heated to 90° C. for 1 hour.
- Tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxane (98.7% purity by GC) was obtained in 84% yield, having a boiling point of 132-6° C./2 mm and a density at 25° C. of 0.9250.
- a 2 liter 4 neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, pot thermometer, an addition funnel and a distillation head mounted on a short Vigreux column was charged with ⁇ 800 g of heptane and 27.9 g of sodium metal.
- the flask was heated to 80°-90° C., then 137.9 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was added slowly, allowing for hydrogen evolution.
- the mixture was agitated and heated until all of the sodium was consumed.
- the flask was allowed to cool to 70° C. and 16.8 g of potassium iodide and 365.8 g of chloromethylheptamethyltrisiloxane were added.
- the mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hours.
- a 2 liter 3 neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, pot thermometer, dry-ice condenser, and an addition funnel was charged with 247.4 g of isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and 0.5 g of dibutyltin dilaurate.
- the flask was heated to 40° C., and 102.1 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was added over 50 min at a pot temperature between 40 and 60° C.
- the pot mixture was heated at 70° C. for another hour after addition was complete.
- the mixture was stripped at 1 mm Hg at a pot temperature of 60° C.
- the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, yielding a slightly yellow clear liquid with a viscosity of 53 cSt, a density of 1.02 g/cm 3 and a refractive index of 1.4223 at 25° C.
- 1 H NMR analysis of the recovered copolymer confirmed the quantitative consumption of allyl groups during the hydrosilylation.
- GPC characterization of the terpolymer showed a M n of 2300 g mol ⁇ 1 and polydispersity index of 2.5.
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Abstract
Novel silicon compounds containing a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one moiety derived from a furfuryl alcohol, and methods for their synthesis, are provided. The novel compounds may be used as surface modifying agents, surfactants, defoamers, and as monomers for silicone polymerization.
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent Application No. 61/449,322, filed Mar. 4, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Furfuryl alcohol, having the structure shown below, is an organic compound containing a furan substituted with a hydroxymethyl group. Furfuryl alcohol is commercially derived from corncobs and sugar cane bagasse. Commercially, furfuryl alcohol is used to impregnate wood to provide improved moisture-dimensional stability, hardness, and decay and insect resistance. Furfuryl alcohol is also used commercially to prepare furan resins for use in the metal casting industry.
- Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, a saturated derivative of furfuryl alcohol, has the following structure:
- Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is a relatively hydrophilic compound due to the polarity induced by the presence of oxygen atoms and the absence of methyl groups. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is viewed as relatively non-toxic. The use of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol as an adjuvant in synthetic flavoring has been accepted by the FDA (see 21 CFR 172.515), as has the use of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in contact with dry food (see 21 CFR 176.180).
- The hydrophilic character of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is in strong contrast to the structures of conventional silicones, such as polydimethylsiloxanes. Polydimethylsiloxanes have many practical uses in which their hydrophobicity provides benefits such as water-repellency and release characteristics. There are many applications in which it is desirable to combine the hydrophobicity of silicones with hydrophilicity. The most widely utilized approach is to modify a polydimethylsiloxane by grafting a poly(ethyleneoxide) segment to the backbone. These materials are often referred to as PEG (from polyethyleneglycol) modified siloxanes. They find applications, for example, as surfactants and antifoams in industrial applications and as emulsifiers for cosmetic formulations. Most of these materials have a minimum of three PEG groups in order to induce satisfactory properties. Less desirable aspects of this chemistry is the fact that they are relatively unstable in aqueous environments due to the oxygen catalyzed break-down of these materials initiated at the carbon atom adjacent to an ethereal oxygen of the PEG. A rupture of a single bond anywhere along the PEG chain renders the materials ineffective, and can cause release of low molecular weight PEGs that suffer from a variety of toxicology issues.
- A silicon compound according to the invention comprises a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety.
- A method for preparing a silicon compound comprising a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety comprises hydrosilylating a hydride functional silane or siloxane with at least one furfuryl alcohol containing a double bond to yield a hydrolytically stable silicon-to-carbon bond.
- This invention is directed to siloxane and silicon derivatives of furfuryl alcohols and methods for their preparation. These novel classes of compounds may be used as monomers for surface treatments, as surfactants and defoamers, and for preparing silicone polymers. Due to the greater stability and relatively low toxicity of hydrophilic siloxanes of this invention compared to the PEG modified siloxanes currently used in commerce, these materials provide benefits in varied applications, including cosmetics and medical devices. Depending on the specific siloxane monomers, the resulting silicone polymers may have additional functionality, such as vinyl groups, that allow them to form elastomers in crosslinking processes. The furfuryl substituted siloxanes and silanes are relatively hydrophilic materials and offer the advantage, compared to the most common hydrophilic substituted materials which contain ethylene oxide units, of not degrading to form ethylene glycol or its derivatives. The terahydrofurfuryl siloxanes can also potentially be used as starting points for cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran to form block copolymers. For example, linear polydimethylsiloxanes with tetrahydrofuryl groups at the termini could react with tetrahydrofuran by cationic polymerization methods to form ABA, hydroxyl functional (polybutyleneoxide-dimethylsiloxane-polybutyleneoxide triblock polymers.
- The siloxane and silane-based compounds according to the invention comprise a siloxane or silane moiety and a moiety derived from a furfuryl alcohol, such as a tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol in a preferred embodiment. Preferably, the compounds also contain an alkyl bridging group which is bonded to an ether linkage derived from the furfuryl alcohol and to a silicon atom in the siloxane or silane moiety. The alkyl bridge may contain about one to about six carbon atoms. Most preferably, the alkyl bridge contains about three carbon atoms (propyl), which has been found to improve stability of the resulting compound in aqueous environments. Further, propyl-bridged compounds according to the invention are obtainable in higher yield and purity than their shorter alkyl-bridged analogs.
- Exemplary silane compounds according to the invention include:
- Exemplary siloxane compounds according to the invention include:
- Preferred siloxanes and silanes contain about one to about one thousand silicon atoms, more preferably about one to about eighteen silicon atoms, even more preferably about one to about ten silicon atoms, thus encompassing short chain siloxanes and silanes, which are often referred to as oligosiloxanes and oligosilanes, and longer polysiloxanes and polysilanes. Siloxanes may contain hydrogen and vinyl substituents, and both siloxanes and silanes may contain alkyl or alkoxy substituents (linear or branched, containing up to about eighteen carbon atoms), including methyl substituents, such as polydimethylsiloxanes and oligodimethylsiloxanes, and may also be copolymers, yielding compounds such as (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers. Terpolymers may also be produced, such as (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane terpolymers and (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane terpolymers. Terpolymers of this type may be crosslinked by reaction with each other or by reaction with other vinyl or hydride functional siloxanes in the presence of a hydrosilylation catalyst, for example a platinum catalyst such as Karstedt's catalyst. It is within the scope of the invention for the furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety to occupy a terminal or pendant position on the siloxane or silane, which may have a linear or branched backbone structure.
- The invention also includes derivatives in which one silicon-based group is attached to multiple furfuryl alcohol-derived moieties. Thus, silicon compounds containing multiple furfuryl moieties, which may be the same or different, are within the scope of the invention.
- Specific preferred compounds according to the invention include, for example, tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxane, (tetrahydrofurfuryloxymethyl)methyldiethoxysilane, (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, and terpolymers including (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane terpolymers and (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane terpolymers. Elastomeric and cross-linked products derived from the siloxane polymer, including these copolymer and terpolymers, are also within the scope of the invention.
- The compounds according to the invention are shown generally in formula (1):
- In formula (1), X, representing the substituents on the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol carbons, may be independently hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxyl. Preferably, not more than about two of the X groups are methyl and the compound preferably contains not more than about two hydroxyl substituents. More preferably, all of the X substituents are hydrogen. “n” is an integer selected from 0 and 1, and is preferably 0. R1 represents an optional linkage group, such as carbonyl (C═O) and carbamate (C(O)NH), derived from the reaction of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol with an isocyanate functional silane such as isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. “m,” which represents the length of the alkyl bridge, is an integer from 1 to about 6, preferably about 3. It has been found that propyl linkages between the oxygen atom and the silicon atom are preferred because they yield compounds that are more stable in aqueous environments, and are obtainable in higher yield and purity, than those containing shorter alkyl bridges, such as the silane compound shown below having a methyl bridge (m=1):
- It is also within the scope of the invention to include an ether linkage interrupting the (CH2)m, for example, (3-tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropoxypropyl)triethoxysilane. In other words, when the compound having formula (1) contains at least three CH2, groups (m≧3), one of the internal CH2 groups may be replaced by oxygen, forming an ether linkage. Another example is:
- In formula (1), R2, R3, and R4, representing the substituents on silicon, are independently, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having about one to four carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkoxy group having about one to four carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted siloxy group, provided that at least one of R2, R3, and R4 is an oxygen-containing group (alkoxy or siloxy). Possible substitutions on the siloxy group include hydrogen and vinyl groups, for example. Thus, siloxy groups may have the general formula —OSiR3 or —OSiR2—O—SiR3 (R=alkyl, hydrogen, vinyl, for example. When at least one of R2, R3, and R4 is a siloxy group, the compound having formula (1) is a siloxane compound. Alternatively, the compound is a silane derivative.
- As previously explained, it is within the scope of the invention to prepare siloxanes and silanes and siloxanes from substituted derivatives of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
- Preferred compounds according to the invention contain moieties derived from non-substituted furfuryl alcohol, which have the general structure shown in formula (2):
- In formula (2), n, m, R1, R2, R3, and R4 have the same definitions as in formula (1).
- When R1 is C═O, the compound may considered to be an ester analog, such as the silane compound shown below:
- While less stable than their non-ester analogs, such compounds may have sufficient stability in short term exposure to aqueous environments, such as in defoaming or surfactant applications, to offer utility.
- Silicon compounds according to the invention may also contain unsaturated derivatives of furfuryl alcohol, such as those having formula (3):
- In formula (3), n, m R1, R2, R3, and R4 have the same definitions as in formula (1).
- Several different synthetic approaches may be used to prepare the silicon compounds according to the invention. For example, they may be prepared via reaction (hydrosilylation) of a hydride functional silane or siloxane with the appropriate furfuryl alcohol or tetrahydrofurfuryl derivative containing a double bond to yield a hydrolytically stable silicon-to-carbon bond. Such reactions, including appropriate catalysts, solvents, and reaction conditions, are well known in the art.
- The invention may be further understood in conjunction with the following, non-limiting examples.
-
- A 1 liter 3 neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, pot thermometer, dry-ice condenser and an addition funnel was charged with 106.6 g of allyloxymethyltetrahydrofuran. The flask was heated to 80° C., and 8.7 g of triethoxysilane was added, followed by 0.5 g of Karstedt's catalyst with a Pt concentration of 2%. An exotherm was observed and an additional 120.6 g of triethoxysilane was added while maintaining the temperature between 80°-100° C. After the addition was complete, an additional 0.25 g of Karstedt's catalyst was added, and the mixture was heated to 90° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was distilled through a short Vigreux column. Tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltriethoxysilane (98.7% purity by GC) was obtained in 60% yield, having a boiling point of 130° C./3 mm and a density at 25° C. of 0.9899.
-
- A 1 liter 3 neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, pot thermometer, dry-ice condenser and an addition funnel was charged with 129.3 g of allyloxymethyltetrahydrofuran. The flask was heated to 80° C., and 8.1 g of bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane was added, followed by 0.5 g of Karstedt's catalyst with a Pt concentration of 2%. An exotherm was observed, and an additional 204.5 g of bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane was added, while maintaining the temperature between 80°-110° C. After the addition was complete, an additional 0.25 g of Karstedt's catalyst was added, and the mixture was heated to 90° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was distilled through a short Vigreux column. Tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxane (98.7% purity by GC) was obtained in 84% yield, having a boiling point of 132-6° C./2 mm and a density at 25° C. of 0.9250.
-
- A 2 liter 4 neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, pot thermometer, an addition funnel and a distillation head mounted on a short Vigreux column was charged with ˜800 g of heptane and 27.9 g of sodium metal. The flask was heated to 80°-90° C., then 137.9 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was added slowly, allowing for hydrogen evolution. The mixture was agitated and heated until all of the sodium was consumed. The flask was allowed to cool to 70° C. and 16.8 g of potassium iodide and 365.8 g of chloromethylheptamethyltrisiloxane were added. The mixture was heated to reflux for 8 hours. Gas chromatography—mass spectral analysis indicated 20% conversion to the desired product. Approximately 250 g of dimethylformamide was added to the mixture and 750 ml of heptane were removed by distillation. The mixture was heated to 90°-100° C. for 8 hours. Conversion to product increased to 40%, but was accompanied by significant byproduct formation.
-
- Under conditions similar to Example 3, the reaction product of sodium metal and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was reacted with chloromethylmethyldiethoxysilane in the presence of potassium iodide catalyst in toluene. The reaction proceeded to the desired product only to the extent of 20% with the formation of significant amounts of byproducts.
-
- A 2 liter 3 neck flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, pot thermometer, dry-ice condenser, and an addition funnel was charged with 247.4 g of isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and 0.5 g of dibutyltin dilaurate. The flask was heated to 40° C., and 102.1 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was added over 50 min at a pot temperature between 40 and 60° C. The pot mixture was heated at 70° C. for another hour after addition was complete. The mixture was stripped at 1 mm Hg at a pot temperature of 60° C. for one hour to give 291 g of 3-(O-tetrahydrofurfurylcarbamoyl)propyltriethoxysilane, a slightly viscous liquid with a density at 25° C. of 0.9250. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR and NMR.
- The tetrahydrofurfurylcarbamoyl)propyltriethoxysilane was added to water adjusted to pH 4-5 by the addition of acetic acid to form a stable 5% solution. This demonstrates that the hydrolysis product, (tetrahydrofurfurylcarbamoyl)propylsilanetriol, is hydrophilic.
-
- 250 g of a 30 mol % methylhydrogensiloxane-70 mole % dimethylsiloxane copolymer was charged to a 1 liter 4-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, pot thermometer, addition funnel, and condenser. The reactor was heated to 70° C. under N2 and 0.14 g of Karstedt's catalyst (2.25 wt % Pt in xylene) was charged to the reaction. 73.1 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl allyl ether was added slowly (30 min) via addition funnel to the stirring reaction mixture. An exotherm was observed during addition of the ether, increasing the pot temperature to 80° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, yielding a slightly yellow clear liquid with a viscosity of 53 cSt, a density of 1.02 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.4223 at 25° C. 1H NMR analysis of the recovered copolymer confirmed the quantitative consumption of allyl groups during the hydrosilylation. GPC characterization of the terpolymer showed a Mn of 2300 g mol−1 and polydispersity index of 2.5.
-
- 250 g of 30 mol % methylhydrogensiloxane-70 mole % dimethylsiloxane was charged to a 1 liter 4-necked round bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, pot thermometer, addition funnel, and condenser. The reactor was heated to 70° C. under N2 and 0.14 g of Karstedt's catalyst (2.25 wt % Pt in xylene) was charged to the reaction. 163.2 g of tetrahydrofurfuryl allyl ether was added slowly (1 hr) via addition funnel to the stirring reaction mixture. An exotherm was observed during addition of the ether, increasing the pot temperature to 100° C. Excess tetrahydrofurfuryl allyl ether was removed from the reaction mixture by heating to 110° C. under vacuum (10 mm Hg). The product was allowed to cool to room temperature, yielding 349 g of a slightly brown liquid with a viscosity of 166 cSt, a density of 1.02 g/cm3 and a refractive index of 1.4375 at 25° C. 1H NMR and FTIR analysis of the recovered copolymer confirmed the quantitative consumption of hydride groups during the hydrosilylation. GPC characterization of the copolymer showed a Mn of 3000 g mol−1 and polydispersity index of 2.6.
- 100 g of vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane with a viscosity of 1000 cSt was mixed with 0.05 g of Karstedt's catalyst (2.25 wt % Pt in xylene) in a 250 mL beaker. 4.2 g of (15% methylhydrosiloxane)-(15% tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropylmethylsiloxane)-(70% dimethylsiloxane) terpolymer (prepared in Example 6) was charged to the beaker and the two components were thoroughly mixed. The reaction mixture was poured in 20 g aliquots into aluminum pans and heated to 80° C. for 20 minutes, yielding optically clear tetrahydrofurfuryl-modified silicone elastomers.
- It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A silicon compound or siloxane polymer comprising a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety.
2. The compound according to claim 1 , further comprising an alkyl group bridging the siloxane or silane moiety and the furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety.
3. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein the alkyl group comprises about three carbon atoms.
4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the furfuryl alcohol is tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol.
5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound has formula (1):
wherein each X is independently a hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxyl group; n is an integer selected from 0 and 1; R1 is C═O or C(O)NH, m is an integer from one to about six, when m is at least three, one of the internal CH2 groups may be replaced with an oxygen atom, and R2, R3, and R4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having about one to about four carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having about one to about four carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted siloxy group, provided that at least one of R2, R3, and R4 is an alkoxy or siloxy group.
6. The compound according to claim 5 , wherein m=3, n=0, and every X═H.
7. The compound according to claim 1 , having formula (2):
wherein n is an integer selected from 0 and 1; R1 is C═O or C(O)NH, m is an integer from one to about six, and R2, R3, and R4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having about one to about four carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having about one to about four carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted siloxy group, provided that at least one of R2, R3, and R4 is an alkoxy or siloxy group.
8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound is tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.
9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound is tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropylheptamethyltrisiloxane.
10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound has formula (3):
wherein n is an integer selected from 0 and 1; R1 is C═O or C(O)NH, m is an integer from 1 to about six, and R2, R3, and R4 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having about one to about four carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having about one to about four carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted siloxy group, provided that at least one of R2, R3, and R4 is an alkoxy or siloxy group.
11. A surface modifying reagent comprising a silicon compound according to claim 1 .
12. A surfactant comprising a silicon compound according to claim 1 .
13. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is a siloxane polymer containing a tetrahydrofurfuryloxyalkyl substitution.
14. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound is a (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer.
15. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound is selected from the group consisting of a (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane terpolymer and a (tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyl)methylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane terpolymer.
16. An elastomeric and cross-linked product derived from at least one terpolymer according to claim 15 .
17. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound is a siloxane homopolymer or copolymer having a hydride or vinyl terminal group.
18. An elastomeric and cross-linked product derived from the copolymer or homopolymer according to claim 17 .
19. An elastomeric silane formed by the reaction of the polymer according to claim 17 with a hydride- or vinyl-containing siloxane.
20. A method for preparing a silicon compound comprising a siloxane or silane moiety and at least one furfuryl alcohol-derived moiety, the method comprising hydrosilylating a hydride functional silane or siloxane with at least one furfuryl alcohol containing a double bond to yield a hydrolytically stable silicon-to-carbon bond.
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US13/407,820 US20120226002A1 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2012-02-29 | Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation |
US14/053,140 US8779080B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2013-10-14 | Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation |
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US201161449322P | 2011-03-04 | 2011-03-04 | |
US13/407,820 US20120226002A1 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2012-02-29 | Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation |
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US14/053,140 Division US8779080B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2013-10-14 | Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation |
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US14/053,140 Active US8779080B2 (en) | 2011-03-04 | 2013-10-14 | Silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols and methods of preparation |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014151371A1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-09-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for consolidation treatments in subterranean formations using silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols |
WO2017019475A1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Siloxane copolymer and solid polymer electrolyte comprising such siloxane copolymers |
JP2017534590A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-11-24 | ザ ケマーズ カンパニー エフシー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Isocyanate-derived organosilane |
CN107530591A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-01-02 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | Silicone antifoam composition |
CN111363103A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-03 | 无锡市百合花胶粘剂厂有限公司 | Preparation method of tackifier for addition type organic silicon adhesive |
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US4028384A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1977-06-07 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of organic silicon compounds |
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GB8701727D0 (en) | 1987-01-27 | 1987-03-04 | Scras | Tetrahydrofuran derivatives |
JPH04284939A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-10-09 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | Organic binder for self-curing mold |
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2012
- 2012-02-29 US US13/407,820 patent/US20120226002A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-02 DE DE102012004033A patent/DE102012004033A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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US3950364A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1976-04-13 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of organic silicon compounds |
US4028384A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1977-06-07 | Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the preparation of organic silicon compounds |
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WO2014151371A1 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-09-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for consolidation treatments in subterranean formations using silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols |
US9487692B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2016-11-08 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for consolidation treatments in subterranean formations using silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols |
EP2976408A4 (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2016-11-23 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Methods for consolidation treatments in subterranean formations using silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols |
US9969926B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 | 2018-05-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods for consolidation treatments in subterranean formations using silicon compounds derived from furfuryl alcohols |
JP2017534590A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-11-24 | ザ ケマーズ カンパニー エフシー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Isocyanate-derived organosilane |
WO2017019475A1 (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-02-02 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Siloxane copolymer and solid polymer electrolyte comprising such siloxane copolymers |
CN107851837A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2018-03-27 | 莫门蒂夫性能材料股份有限公司 | Silicone copolymers and the solid polymer electrolyte for including this silicone copolymers |
KR20180036733A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2018-04-09 | 모멘티브 퍼포먼스 머티리얼즈 인크. | A solid polymer electrolyte comprising a siloxane copolymer and the siloxane copolymer |
US10650938B2 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2020-05-12 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Siloxane copolymer and solid polymer electrolyte comprising such siloxane copolymers |
KR102625966B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 | 2024-01-18 | 모멘티브 퍼포먼스 머티리얼즈 인크. | Siloxane copolymer and solid polymer electrolyte comprising the siloxane copolymer |
CN107530591A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-01-02 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | Silicone antifoam composition |
CN111363103A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-03 | 无锡市百合花胶粘剂厂有限公司 | Preparation method of tackifier for addition type organic silicon adhesive |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102012004033A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
US20140046017A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
US8779080B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
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