US20120222409A1 - Injector mount and exhaust line having an injector mount - Google Patents

Injector mount and exhaust line having an injector mount Download PDF

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Publication number
US20120222409A1
US20120222409A1 US13/442,083 US201213442083A US2012222409A1 US 20120222409 A1 US20120222409 A1 US 20120222409A1 US 201213442083 A US201213442083 A US 201213442083A US 2012222409 A1 US2012222409 A1 US 2012222409A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
injector
chamber
housing
opening
closure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US13/442,083
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English (en)
Inventor
Jan Hodgson
Sven Schepers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Assigned to EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUER EMISSIONSTECHNOLOGIE MBH reassignment EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUER EMISSIONSTECHNOLOGIE MBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HODGSON, JAN, SCHEPERS, SVEN
Publication of US20120222409A1 publication Critical patent/US20120222409A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an injector mount for accommodating an injector. Such injectors can be used, in particular, to add a reducing agent to an exhaust system.
  • the invention also relates to an exhaust line having an injector mount.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • Reducing agent is introduced into the exhaust gas through the use of an injector.
  • the injector has a fastening device, with the aid of which the injector is fastened on an exhaust line.
  • the injector thus sprays the reducing agent directly into the exhaust line.
  • the injector is exposed to high thermal and mechanical stresses, and it must therefore be replaced when damaged. However, it is generally not possible to replace the injector in a simple and economical manner.
  • an object of the invention to provide an injector mount and an exhaust line having an injector mount, which overcome the hereinafore-mentioned disadvantages and at least partially solve the highlighted problems of the heretofore-known devices of this general type.
  • the object is to provide an injector mount which reduces thermal and mechanical loads on the injector and enables the injector to be changed in a simple and economical manner and to provide an exhaust line which enables an injector to be attached to an injector mount in a particularly simple manner.
  • an injector mount comprising a housing having at least one injector chamber configured for completely accommodating at least one injector, the at least one injector chamber having a first opening and a second opening, the first opening of the at least one injector chamber configured to be connected to an exhaust-carrying region of an exhaust line, and a closure configured to close the second opening of the at least one injector chamber.
  • the housing is, in particular, a metallic body, which preferably is formed of a tubular hollow profile.
  • the housing has a length which extends along a central axis or (in the case of a tubular housing) along a center line. In the case of a tubular housing, the length furthermore extends from a first front face of the housing to a second front face of the housing.
  • the length is no more than 20 cm, preferably no more than 15 cm, and particularly preferably no more than 10 cm.
  • the housing furthermore has a width or (in the case of a tubular housing) a diameter which extends orthogonally with respect to the length (or central axis or center line) and which is no more than 10 cm, preferably no more than 5 cm, and particularly preferably no more than 2.5 cm.
  • the housing of the injector mount furthermore has at least one injector chamber, which is a cavity in which at least one injector can be completely disposed. “Completely” means, in particular, that the injector does not protrude beyond an outer boundary of the housing (e.g. the openings) of the injector mount at any point.
  • the injector is formed at least of an injector housing having a reducing agent feed, a nozzle and a valve for controlling a reducing agent discharge by the injector.
  • the injector can also have a connection for control signals of an SCR controller.
  • the first opening of the injector chamber is disposed and configured in such a way that a reducing agent can be introduced into an exhaust line by the injector.
  • the first opening is in alignment with a nozzle of the injector and, especially in the case of a tubular housing, is situated in the region of a first front face of the housing.
  • the second opening of the injector chamber is furthermore disposed and configured in such a way that the injector is easily replaceable and/or accessible.
  • the second opening is preferably situated opposite the first opening, in particular in the region of a second front face of the housing.
  • the second opening can furthermore be closed by a closure, wherein the second opening is preferably closed during an operational state of the injector and opened during the maintenance of the injector.
  • the closure can be fastened on the housing of the injector mount by known measures, in particular through the use of a crimped joint.
  • the closure can be closed repeatably.
  • the closure can, in particular, be screwed to the housing of the injector mount in the region of the second opening.
  • the housing has an appropriate thread in the region of the second opening and of the closure.
  • the second opening of the injector chamber can also be fastened on the housing of the injector mount by clamping the closure or through the use of a bayonet fastening on the closure.
  • an injector which is disposed in the at least one injector chamber is supported in the injector chamber through the use of a first seal and through the use of a second seal.
  • the injector is supported in the injector chamber by the first seal and by the second seal in such a way that the injector is vibrationally damped or even vibrationally decoupled with respect to the housing of the injector mount.
  • the injector is supported, in particular supported at a distance from the housing, with the aid of the first seal and the second seal. It is thereby possible to achieve an effective reduction in the mechanical loads, in particular vibrational loads, and/or thermal loads acting on the injector.
  • the second seal is, in particular, an O-ring made of rubber.
  • the first seal is a radially acting seal, which is composed at least partially of rubber or at least partially of mica.
  • the first seal is suitable for sealing off the injector chamber (together with the injector) from an exhaust-carrying region of an exhaust line.
  • “Mica” is an aluminosilicate. Aluminosilicates are minerals in which silicon is surrounded by four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral configuration.
  • the second seal is composed at least partially of rubber or at least partially of mica.
  • rubber has proven to have a particularly good vibration damping effect and mica has proven to be particularly heat resistant.
  • the first seal is formed (exclusively) with mica and the second seal is formed (exclusively) with rubber.
  • the injector chamber has at least one aperture, preferably a plurality of apertures, in the housing. These apertures start from the injector chamber and preferably extend completely through the housing of the injector mount. At the same time, the apertures are preferably distributed radially (and uniformly), in particular over 360°, over a circumferential surface of the housing. It has surprisingly been found that noise caused by vibration and/or noise caused by the injector can be reduced by such apertures.
  • pressure equalization between the injector chamber and the surroundings can take place through these apertures when the injector is in the operational state, that is to say, in particular, when the injector mount is connected to an exhaust line through the first opening and the second opening is closed by the closure, if the injector chamber heats up during the operation of the injector.
  • the injector mount has at least one radiation collar.
  • This at least one radiation collar is disposed radially on the circumferential surface of the housing of the injector mount and is formed of a thermally conductive material, in particular metal. It is thereby possible, on one hand, to achieve cooling of the housing of the injector mount and, on the other hand, to protect connection lines of the injector from heat radiation from the injector mount and/or exhaust line.
  • At least one supply line or at least one control line leads into the injector chamber.
  • the supply line is preferably a line which carries a reducing agent from a reducing agent reservoir to the injector and/or vice versa.
  • the control line is preferably an electric lead which connects the injector to a control device of an SCR system for data transmission and/or electrically.
  • the closure has at least one connector holder.
  • This is, for example, a clamping device which secures against slipping of a connector that fastens the supply line and/or control line on the closure.
  • the connector is preferably seated on a supply connection of the closure and/or a control connection of the closure.
  • the supply connection of the closure and the control connection of the closure serve to connect the supply line and/or control line to the injector disposed in the injector chamber.
  • an exhaust line comprising a connecting element fixed at the exhaust line, and an injector mount according to the invention releasably connected to the connecting element.
  • the connecting element is, in particular, a sleeve, a nut or some other element suitable for accommodating an injector mount, wherein the connecting element is, in particular, fixed on the exhaust line through the use of a welded joint.
  • An injector mount is connected releasably, through the use of a screwed joint for example, to this connecting element.
  • the figure of the drawing is a longitudinal-sectional view of an exhaust line having an injector mount.
  • an exhaust line 8 having an outer wall 27 to which a connecting element 7 is attached through the use of a welded joint 11 .
  • This connecting element 7 has a receptacle 28 for an injector mount 1 .
  • the receptacle 28 of the connecting element 7 can have a non-illustrated thread for this purpose.
  • the diameter of the receptacle 28 corresponds substantially to the width 22 of the housing 20 of the injector mount 1 .
  • the housing 20 has a tubular construction.
  • the housing 20 of the injector mount 1 furthermore has a length 21 which extends from a first opening 2 to a second opening 3 , or from a first front face 24 to a second front face 25 , in the direction of a central axis 23 which is illustrated herein as a center line.
  • a central axis 23 which is illustrated herein as a center line.
  • This injector chamber 9 is connected at the first opening 2 to an exhaust-carrying region 12 of the exhaust line 8 .
  • the second opening 3 is closed in a repeatable manner through the use of a closure 6 .
  • the housing 20 and the closure 6 have a non-illustrated thread for this purpose.
  • An injector 10 is supported in the injector chamber 9 through the use of a first seal 4 and a second seal 5 in such a way that a nozzle 32 of the injector 10 is in alignment with the first opening 2 of the housing 20 .
  • the first seal 4 together with the injector 10 , seals off the injector chamber 9 from the exhaust-carrying region 12 of the exhaust line 8 .
  • the injector 10 has an injector housing 33 and a valve 34 , which is connected to an SCR controller 31 , although the connection of the valve 34 to the SCR controller 31 is not shown herein.
  • the closure 6 has a supply connection 18 and a control connection 19 .
  • a supply line 15 and a control line 16 are connected to the injector 10 through the supply connection 18 and the control connection 19 and through the use of a connector 29 .
  • the supply line 15 is connected to a reducing agent reservoir 30 and the control line 16 is connected to the SCR controller 31 .
  • the closure 6 furthermore has a connector holder 17 for securing the connector 29 against slipping.
  • the housing 20 of the injector mount 1 has a plurality of radially disposed apertures 13 , which extend from the injector chamber 9 to a circumferential surface 26 of the housing 20 . Moreover, a plurality of radiation collars 14 are disposed on the circumferential surface 26 of the housing 20 .
  • the elements of the injector mount 1 are spaced apart from the exhaust line 8 in the following sequence, from the bottom upward: connecting element 7 , first seal 4 , apertures 13 , radiation collar 14 , second seal 5 and closure 6 .
  • an injector can be protected effectively from thermal and mechanical stresses and can be changed in a particularly simple and economical manner.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US13/442,083 2009-10-07 2012-04-09 Injector mount and exhaust line having an injector mount Abandoned US20120222409A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009048514.7 2009-10-07
DE102009048514A DE102009048514A1 (de) 2009-10-07 2009-10-07 Injektorhalterung
PCT/EP2010/062071 WO2011042247A1 (de) 2009-10-07 2010-08-18 Injektorhalterung

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2010/062071 Continuation WO2011042247A1 (de) 2009-10-07 2010-08-18 Injektorhalterung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20120222409A1 true US20120222409A1 (en) 2012-09-06

Family

ID=42813063

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/442,083 Abandoned US20120222409A1 (en) 2009-10-07 2012-04-09 Injector mount and exhaust line having an injector mount

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20120222409A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP2486252A1 (https=)
JP (1) JP2013507555A (https=)
KR (1) KR20120064129A (https=)
CN (1) CN102667088A (https=)
DE (1) DE102009048514A1 (https=)
IN (1) IN2012DN02273A (https=)
RU (1) RU2012118242A (https=)
WO (1) WO2011042247A1 (https=)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5981240B2 (ja) * 2012-06-21 2016-08-31 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 排気浄化装置
JP6036397B2 (ja) * 2013-02-25 2016-11-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 添加弁支持装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6360714B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2002-03-26 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel injector
US20030226412A1 (en) * 2002-04-03 2003-12-11 Cleaire Advanced Emission Controls Apparatus and method for mounting a device to a pipe
US20060101810A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Angelo Theodore G System for dispensing fuel into an exhaust system of a diesel engine
US20070056264A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2007-03-15 Donaldson Company, Inc. Method of dispensing fuel into transient flow of an exhaust system
US20090107126A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Fluid supply connection for reductant delivery unit for selective catalytic reduction systems

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3468254B2 (ja) * 1995-10-03 2003-11-17 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置
DE19820990A1 (de) * 1998-05-11 1999-11-18 Babcock Anlagen Gmbh Vorrichtung in einer Anlage zur Reduktion von Stickoxiden
DE19856366C1 (de) * 1998-12-07 2000-04-20 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Nachbehandeln von Abgasen einer mit Luftüberschuß arbeitenden Brennkraftmaschine
JP3888518B2 (ja) * 2001-09-10 2007-03-07 株式会社デンソー 排気浄化装置
JP2007000784A (ja) * 2005-06-24 2007-01-11 Samson Co Ltd 尿素水噴射ノズルに保護管を設けた脱硝装置
DE102005061145A1 (de) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung
JP2008138633A (ja) * 2006-12-04 2008-06-19 Mitsubishi Motors Corp インジェクタの取付構造
DE102006061733A1 (de) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Halterungsvorrichtung für ein Reduktionsmittel-Dosierventil
DE102007057837A1 (de) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Zumischen eines Reduktionsmittels in einen Abgasstrom einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102008008564A1 (de) * 2008-02-08 2009-08-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dosiervorrichtung zur Schadstoffverminderung in Abgasen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6360714B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2002-03-26 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel injector
US20030226412A1 (en) * 2002-04-03 2003-12-11 Cleaire Advanced Emission Controls Apparatus and method for mounting a device to a pipe
US20070056264A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2007-03-15 Donaldson Company, Inc. Method of dispensing fuel into transient flow of an exhaust system
US20060101810A1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2006-05-18 Angelo Theodore G System for dispensing fuel into an exhaust system of a diesel engine
US20090107126A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-30 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. Fluid supply connection for reductant delivery unit for selective catalytic reduction systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013507555A (ja) 2013-03-04
WO2011042247A1 (de) 2011-04-14
CN102667088A (zh) 2012-09-12
EP2486252A1 (de) 2012-08-15
DE102009048514A1 (de) 2011-04-14
IN2012DN02273A (https=) 2015-08-21
KR20120064129A (ko) 2012-06-18
RU2012118242A (ru) 2013-11-20

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AS Assignment

Owner name: EMITEC GESELLSCHAFT FUER EMISSIONSTECHNOLOGIE MBH,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HODGSON, JAN;SCHEPERS, SVEN;REEL/FRAME:028199/0636

Effective date: 20120411

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION